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A collection of works in Architecture. Evropia Vervelidou Master in Advanced Studies Collective Housing UPM/ETH 2018
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This portfolio contains selected works developed during my time in the from January to July 2018. The projects are flying the banner of dialogue, encounter, discussion and conversation between colleagues and professors, within the ever-necessitous field of housing. This portfolio is a personal exchange of ideas, partly real, partly imagined, recorded under the title of Master in Collective Housing.
Part I : Workshops Slow Living................................................................................................................................8-13 Workshop 01 Hrvoje Njiric
Plaza de las Flores...................................................................................................................14-19 Workshop 02 Felix Claus
The Cloud................................................................................................................................20-25 Workshop 03 Amann-Cannovas-Maruri
The Arches...............................................................................................................................26-31 Workshop 04 Cino Zucchi
3 Plots, 3 Topics......................................................................................................................32-35 Workshop 05 Dietmar Eberle
The Agora House.....................................................................................................................36-43 Workshop 06 Andrea Deplazes
Ground-Line............................................................................................................................44-45 Workshop 07 Alison Brooks
Part II : Exercises Rethinking my Hometown.....................................................................................................56-57 Exercise 01 Annette Gigon
The Packard Project...............................................................................................................58-63 Exercise 02 Anne Lacaton
Part III : Specialty Seminars Living In Between...................................................................................................................66-71 Specialty Seminar 01 Javier Garcia-German
Modifying Vertex.....................................................................................................................72-79 Specialty Seminar 02 Ignacio Fernandez Solla
Interplay-Scape.......................................................................................................................80-87 Specialty Seminar 03 Jose Maria Ezquiaga
Seed Dwelling.........................................................................................................................88-93 Specialty Seminar 04 Belen Gesto Barroso, Sonia Molina Metzger
Part I Workshops One-week workshops offered the place to further develop the acquired knowledge during the year. During these weeks, there was a change of pace in which we had to intensify our work to make the best out of it. The topic and approach for every workshop was different and the methodology used by the invited architect was meant to vary in order to give us a wide range of cases to learn from.
Slow Living
Re-thinking El Atazar village. Workshop Inhabiting the Countryside Workshop Leader Hrvoje Njiric Assistant teacher Diego García-Setién Type Architectural Design, Domestic Architecture, Landscape Collaborator Andrea Guillen Mantecon Date February 2018 [Length: 5 days] Project Location El Atazar, Spain Since architects in the last century have been mostly focused on the city, a concern on inhabiting the countryside has remained very limited. Statistically, 50% of the world population still lives in the rural conditions and thus it is relevant to focus on these issues as well. Furthermore, we can trace an exodus of urban population toward the rural alternatives, motivated by radically different living conditions, by the economy of giving over their city dwellings to tourists and by the possibility to pursue the dream of an Arcadian welfare. We took this notion as a point of departure for our exercise. The village of El Atazar, 50 km north of Madrid, offered a perfect test-bed for our research. Protected by nature and legislation, it has to be maintained carefully – in terms of size and density. The farmers have embraced the cutting-edge technologies to cultivate and produce, the new settlers have imported a number of typical urban activities to the countryside. Landscapes are digitally monitored and maintained, combined with industrial plants popping out everywhere and changing the perception of the territory. The land costs have reached new peaks and therefore our planning was driven by these circumstances. This is why we tried to investigate to what extent dense collective housing schemes could be introduced into a typical single-family house environment. What typologies could be transferred from the city
and what has to be conceived anew? How would different price categories influence the layout of the settlement? Could we take over the standard access and communication patterns from urban situations or shall we come out with some more appropriate repertoire of staircases, walkways, galleries and landings? We tried to understand our planning as a process, as a settlement that can grow or even shrink. What would be the extent of an initial phase? How to introduce and adjust the (semi)public domain into these configurations? For the scopes of this project we had to choose three applicable housing typologies and assemble them. The next step would be to propose communication models, elaborate a suitable solution for traffic and parking and finally organize the territory between the houses. The first thing we had to consider was the users that would inhabit the hypothetical housing complex. We assumed that the potential inhabitants would be retirees, artists, refugees and homegrown families. The suggested project consists of a “spine” that is the service core [kitchen + bathrooms] and at the same time the roof top is the circulation system that climbs down the steep topography of Atazar. On the sides of this “spine” are constructed the other domestic spaces. With this system we are able to solve the transition and the functional issues. The territory in-between the houses is destined for farming.
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The proposed Countryside Fabric
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Process The “spine”
Singularity
The “movement”
Assebly of the choosen typologies on the 1st floor, [K.Tsigarida_Andros House, T.Bilbao_Summer House, KGDVS_Weekend House] First floor
Staircases
First floor - Compacted
Assebly of the choosen typologies on the 2nd floor
Second floor
Roof top, circulation system
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First floor Block Development
Roof plan First floor plan
Section
Roof top plan
Section
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and
ity
nity
Masterplan process
Connectivity
Singularity
Shared land
Connectivity
Collectivity
Singularity
Community
Countryside fabric
Process
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Atmosphere
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Plaza de las Flores
..instead of Casas de las Flores . Workshop Casas de las Flores Workshop Leader Felix Claus Assistant teacher Nieves Mestre Type Reuse, Redesign Individual Project Date March 2018 [Length: 5 days] Project Location Moncloa, Madrid, Spain A few words about Casas de las Flores [architect: Segundino Zuazo] .. It is possible to impute as an important defect to the expansion plan Castro the type of block that results from its grid layout, and the parcelling that was made with this block. Imperfection aggravated today by the suppression of the interior garden that at the beginning it had. The distribution of the complex has been made as follows: two parallel bodies of 5 building houses, each in the N-S direction, separated by a garden. In these bodies there are two dwelling areas on either side of a large service courtyard, interrupted by stairs. Each building house has 4 dwellings per floor and each dwelling has 4 or 5 pieces in addition to the kitchen, bathroom, W.C. and pantry, all on a regular basis and with direct lights. Its social objective was mainly to build comfortable dwellings at an affordable price, with five rooms, kitchen and bathroom. For the scopes of this workshop we considered that Casas de las Flores had been demolished. The aim of that project is to redefine the identity of
the Casas de Las Flores’s plot. Since the beginning of this exercise, two questions were raised. What will happen if we reverse the built and the unbuilt of Casas de Las Flores and what will happen if we flip the building in the horizontal axis. Having, as a guideline these two questions, the strategy for the new design proposes two basic actions: 1. to elevate the building 12 meters above the ground in order to create a free accessible public space in the ground floor –something that miss from the neighborhoodand 2. to raise the building as high as possible, in order to secure views for the users. To correspond in the above actions, as well as to the density needs, the project was oriented in the design of two towers. Apart from the residential units, offices and hotels are suggested in the same building, in the pursuit of a hybrid building. To avoid the monolithic block tower, a game of removing, adding and connecting spaces was setted up.
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Casas de las flores perspective view & floor plan,1930
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reverse reverse
flip flip
Concept diagrams
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housing offices housing housing hotel
hotel offices
Process diagrams
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The typical floor plan of a housing level and the Plaza de las flores
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Close up on a floor plan
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The Cloud
The importance of the word hybrid will only grow in the future. Workshop Intermediate States Workshop Leader Atxu Amann, Andrés Cánovas, Nicolás Maruri Assistant teacher Gabriel Wajnerman Type Architectural Design, Collective Housing, Future Architecture, Conceptual Collaborator Yasemin Yalcin, Prajakta Gawde Date March 2018 [Length: 5 days] Project Location Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain The project aims to create a sequence of different states of the given building (Social Housing in Alcobendas by Manuel de las Casas) having as factor the time. Change is the only constant and it is evidently seen in architecture. We see cities, landscapes, buildings evolve with time, leaving behind a trace or an imprint. This project focuses on time as the ruling factor, people and their use of spaces and materials become the changing variables. The building in Alcobendas is looked at using lens of time and it transformation in the future. We have analyzed its potential in separate time frames. The first is the current state in 2018, in which the building on site is entirely fenced, with the surroundings having one landmark and there is need for collective spaces in order to activate the spaces within and around it. The next time frame starts at 2040 where the building has slowly deteriorated and is unusable. In 2081 or even further we perceive the project to highlight the possibilities of housing that once existed, to synthesize into a new world by the virtue of hybridization. The hybridization between the old and the new give the opportunity to redefine form, function and the collective spaces. This hybrid kind of architecture now starts synthesizing the new world, where the service cores of the old building start rising up in height, trying to reach the sky
resembling a cloud floating in the air. The memory of the old is still there, with the patchwork of reused materials. We perceive the service cores to become the new structural supports of the rising system that soar above the old. We believe that the collective spaces will be completely revolutionized in the future. Our design caters to looking at the building as a system that functions to support the new collective spaces and a new way of living. The Alcobendas building gives the opportunity for new adaptive uses, breathing new life into the old building while redefining the use of the spaces. In 2181 different ‘lands’ start appearing.. Farmland (hydroponic farming), Wasteland (Reuse and recycle of material), Longevity land (interaction between generations), Tinderland (compatibility land), Dream Land (Sharing dreams and memories) ..are the different collective spaces that coexist in the new hybridized system that is built over the framework of the old. The rethinking of the spaces and its uses stems from the current ongoing research in fields of agriculture, robotics, social media platforms and psychology. The ideas of the rethinking of collective spaces allowed us to believe in the image that the building in Alcobendas in 2181 would be a system with platforms of collective spaces allowing each individual to form a collective of his/her own.
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The Cloud, photos of the working model
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The sequence of the different states of Alcobendas building, having 2040as factor the time 2018
2018
2040
Current state, photo taken in 2018
Photo-montage guessing the 2040 state
2181?
2084?
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The use of the “land” in 2181 TINDERLAND compatability convention
FARMLAND hydroponic farming
Tinderland
Farmland WASTELAND materiality re-use
DREAM LAND sharing dreams & memories
Dreamland
Wasteland
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Alcobendas 2181
The system of platforms in the Alcobendas of 2181
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Floor plan of platforms
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The Arches
Architecture in a no-man’s land. Workshop Inhabitable Screens Workshop Leader Cino Zucchi Assistant teacher Belén Hermida Type Environmental Interfaces in Contemporary Housing, Architectural Design Collaborator María Candelaria Cáceres Date April 2018 [Length: 5 days] Project Location Valdebebas, Madrid, Spain During this workshop we explored a specific problem of housing design: the one of the “interface” or “buffer” between the private realm and the collective one, and of its possible evolutions in the light of the ongoing changes on urban and natural environments. In the urban expansion of the nineteenth century, building facades were considered and designed as a simple backdrop of the urban scene, an unified architectural “dress” to screen the decorated variety of bourgeois interiors. The Functionalist attitude of the following century, dismissing previous practices as “formalist”, denied any figural autonomy to the vertical envelope of residential buildings, considering it the natural consequence of the correct resolution of a “typical” apartment unit. But the scale of the single unit and the one of the city, our need of a personal realm and the search for shared space, are not able to dialogue without a mediating element. This element is the depth of the building envelope, which it has also to perform a number of sophisticated tasks: modulate the light of the sun in relationship with latitude and geographical orientation; protect the interior from excessive hot and cold, wind, rain, noise, pollution; create inhabitable open air spaces for the dwellings, including fragments of nature; provide visual privacy to the interiors; act as a social mean of communication; give a meaningful form to the collective urban spaces. In this workshop we went through a series of quickone-day design charrettes, each dealing with a single aspect of the theme.
The overall massing of the buildings, the shape of the open space and the main elements of the housing typology were given by the professors, establishing the rules to obey to and the degrees of freedom which can give complexity and variety to the ensemble. The site chosen for the design task of the workshop is one urban block in a very large, unfinished development in Madrid, Valdebebas. Even if slightly disturbing, the almost total absence of historical context forced us to reflect on the environmental qualities that these kind of new developments could strive to achieve, and how these qualities depend on design factors. This project tried to use a rich language of classical architecture to create a place for its inhabitants. The façade consists of simple geometric arches which are not only an aesthetic decision, but – in the social spirit of the practice – also manage features of a well-balanced housing block: bright, spacious and private. The windows themselves are moderate in size, but through the addition of high arches which wrap themselves around the rectangular volume like a second skin, they gain a certain grandness. The arches also generate an outside space of elongated balconies, further adding to the appeal of the structure. The width of these ensure sufficient illumination, while the arches shade during hot summer months. The chosen material is red concrete, giving a more natural touch. We wanted to feel like it has grown out of the earth, giving a sense of belonging.
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Drawing arches, attempts to find the form
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Typical floor plan
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Facade close ups
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Street facade
Rear facade
Side facade
Perspective view from the street
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Perspective view of the facade
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3 Plots, 3 Topics
..and 3 strategies to create long-lasting settlements . Workshop Form, Core, Envelope Workshop Leader Dietmar Eberle Assistant teacher Victor Ebergenyi Type Architectural Design Collaborator Yasemin Yalcin Date June 2018 [Length: 5 days] Project Location 3 different plots in Madrid, Spain How much does a building last? How much should it last? What would our building be when time passes by? Architecture is always public and that implies a responsibility that should make us think in a time horizon in which our buildings would change and their success would depend on the resilience it has. Thus arises a method to project that focuses on those elements that determine its later adaptations. These are: relationship with the surroundings; structure and core location; the envelope and its relationship with the street and the comfort it provides. If we assume that the goal is to satisfy the needs of normal people in the most efficient way, the question is how are we going to achieve that? The means to manage that is by securing the individual’s wellbeing, by making spaces that provide economic security, social relationships, cultural self-understanding, acoustic, visual and thermal comfort. In addition, we ought to think about the environment and the maintenance costs, the traditions, the history of a place, the existing natural and built environment, the climate and the conventions. Moreover, we should keep it simple and understandable by everyone in terms of materials, technologies, energy use, re-use and recycling. Settlements should enhance social developments of an area like education, the security issues, the communication, etc. Furthermore, ought to be affordable, with societal and cultural acceptance, with public spaces and greenery, with optimized use of sq m. and reasonable volume in relation to the build environment.
Last but not least, settlements that last long have flexibility, in a sense that the structural grid that allows the change of the use, with vertical organization of technical installations and spatial organization of services and optimized facade in relation to different uses. During this workshop week we dealt with the three main topics of architectural design the form, the core and the envelope of a building. We developed all these topics for different cases on different plots. The first plot was in the historic center of Madrid of the XVI century, the next one was also situated in an area of the madrilène city center mostly developed during the XIX and the last one was located in the outskirts of the city, expanded in the XX century. The last day of the workshop we had to fully develop all of the above three topics form, core and facade. In our case we had to deal with the XIX century plot, that had an irregularity on the rear side. A quite important portion of this side had an attached wall. That had as a result to make it harder for us to arrange the floor plan in a way that all the apartments will be cross ventilated. To overcome this obstacle we took the decision to fragment the whole volume in two. Therefore, we managed to secure lightning and ventilation to all the apartments. At the same time the dense environment of this narrow street that the plot is located becomes more porous. Furthermore, the core obtains an imposing quality space that is able to trigger the social activity between the dwellers.
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The proposed street facade
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Floor Plans
4.00
0.00
3.50
15.00
0.00
4.00
7.50
+3.50
0.00
3.50
15.00
7.50
+3.50
15.50
15.50
0.00
level Level 01 1 1:150
ground Floor floor Ground 1:150
4.00
+6.50
3.50
15.00
4.00
7.50
+15.5
+6.50
3.50
15.00
7.50
+15.5
12.50
15.50
15.50
+12.50
+6.50
level Level 02 2 1:150
3.00
level Level 05 5 1:150
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Detailing
Section SECTION
Elevation ELEVATION
2.40
+9.50 0.60
3.00
2.40
+6.50 0.52
3.00
2.48
+3.50
Floor FLOOR Plan PLAN 2.00
3.70
3.80
7.20
3.50 +6.50
+6.50
1.50 0.00
15.00
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The Agora House
The case of 10m depth in a 100sqm apartment. Workshop Depth Studies Workshop Leader Andrea Deplazes Assistant teacher Fernando Altozano Type Architectural Design, Typology, Social space, Spatial Analysis, Domestic Architecture Collaborator Antonella Peretti Date June 2018 [Length: 5 days] Project Location Florence, Italy What does it mean having a building depth of 6 meters? And what if they were 28 meters? How does a dwelling vary if it has different building depth but the same amount of squared meters? As if it was a typological catalogue, we analised the implications of having one or another building depth. Which qualities regarding circulation, access, sunlight, ventilation, facilities location and intimacy has a dwelling according to its depth. Identifying the strengths of each case and its problems was the first step in this laboratory, so that at the end was possible to propose a conceptual approach. In our case we had to deal with the 10m depth, which means that in a 100sqm apartment we had to solve a square typology. Another parameter we had to take into account was the restriction of having 3 bedrooms in every apartment. This project doubts the diachronic spatial morphologies in domestic architecture and the social rules implicit in domestic space use, utilizing data about new types of households. The project revolves around the designated boundaries within the domestic space, the impact of activities and objects on the specialized or non-specialized use of space, and the intensity of focus on each space label as the
conventional location for activities and objects. Taking into account the life style and the housing demands in the most of the European capitals, we decided to develop a typology for youngsters who are willing to share an apartment. As a location we chose Florence, a city with numerous students and lack of housing offer. The first step was the fragmentation of all the living spaces and the furnitures. Our start line was the idea that the bed is the bedroom. Having that in mind, we started by placing all the living spaces in the perimeter of the square plan. By using a “stripe” of one meter we were able to create a 4-bedroom apartment. The core of the house is a square living space that due to is dimensions allows all the kind of activities. This area is the place to socialize, to gather and to assembly. This is the heart and the most vital place of the house. This space can adopt different qualities and atmospheres, as the users can regulate the desired light, turning the room completely dark or bright. In terms of the design of facade, we decided to use a more “institutional” and conventional language. The regular and repetitive system of openings conceals this unique system that lies inside.
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Plan of the north part of Agora in ancient Miletus, 5BC.
The agora (/ˈæɡərə/; Ancient Greek: ἀγορά agorá) was a central public space in ancient Greek city-states. The literal meaning of the word is “gathering place” or “assembly”. The agora was the center of the athletic, artistic, spiritual and political life of the city.[1] The Ancient Agora of Athens was the best-known example.
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References
The Alcove Bed in Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello, Photo by Ian Atkins, 1768-1809
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From La Habitacion, by Xavier Monteys [..] we can consider that the bed is a singular bedroom [..]
The Alcove Bed used by jefferson’s grandchildren at Monticello, Photo by Ian Atkins, 1768-1809
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Typical floor plan
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Part of the street facade
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Location, historical center of Florence
Street view
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Ground-Line
Searching for new types of Ground-Lines instead of Sky-Lines. Workshop Ideal Formats For Future Urban Life Workshop Leader Alison Brooks Assistant teacher Alejandro de Miguel Solano Type Architectural Design, Collective Housing, Urban Strategies Collaborators Gabriela Burbano, Carlos Chauca Date July 2018 [Length: 5 days] Project Location Mahou-Calderon, Madrid, Spain The intent of this workshop is to address strategies, both urban and architectural to regenerate “civic residential architecture” that contributes to the urban renewal of a center with great. The investigation process started focusing in the sub-areas of the site. The given plot is adjacent to four streets with different ground floor uses. In Paseo de los Pontones we identify commercial uses, in Calle Alejandro Dumas educational use and in the two planned streets it’s expected to have a public linear park and residential use. Processing with different scenarios for each one of them, the analysis came out with a collection of programs forming urban scripts of transformation and adaptation. The area, in order to be regenerated, requires both programming, urban and architectural interventions, capable to break the boundaries. In terms of urban scale, the steep topography of the site, as well as the different ground floor uses in the adjacent streets, were taking into consideration for the building design. The main intention of this project was to question the way that most of the buildings ‘touch’ the sloppy ground in the area. Furthermore, the project attempts to rewrite the skyline of the city and creating a Ground-Line, that is more related to the human scale and the perception of the city. This ground-line wraps the building, going up two or even three floors (creating more ‘public’ double height spaces in the ground floor) and sinking down to the underground levels. The memory of the Mahou industry is returning with productive functions, mainly located in the underground floors, where a Media Lab is proposed. This encourages the
attraction of a wider audience, connects the working space with the neighborhood and its needs and interrelates production with learning, consumption and leisure. The aim was the new building to be inhabited all days and hours from a diverse audience that works and lives in harmony. The proposed building has a ground floor plus eight floors in the lower point and ground floor plus five in the highest point of the plot. By placing the Media Lab on the first underground level, this part of the building forms the productive zone that is articulated around the courtyard in an “L” shaped volume. The Media Lab is connected with the parking, storage and dispatching spaces. The public space of the ground floor includes leisure and culture facilities, stores, a kindergarten, working spaces, etc. A public courtyard accessible by all the adjacent streets is located in the middle. This design gesture, is the catalyst connecting production with public space and the city. On the façades the double identity of the building is expressed by the use of a more ‘institutional’ language on the facades towards the streets. On the facades towards the inner courtyard the residential character of the building is revealed by the balconies. For the exterior facades we wanted a noble, massive, sustainable materiality, thus it is suggested a hand-crafted, deeply textured cast concrete with the appearance of volcanic rock, in dark gray color. The soffit of the ground-line is cladded with a mirror-like metallic material, that reflects the light in the underground levels and gives a more public view to the ground floor.
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This workshop assumed as the starting point of the brief the current conditions for the granted planning application. The outline of the different plots, building conditions, uses and heights have already been approved by the municipality, were the base for work.
Mahou-Calderon neighborhood, actual state photos from personal archive July,2018
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Diagram of the ground floor uses (current & proposed by the municipality).
Diagram of the proposed strategy on the ground floor. (the ground-lin creates set-backs for public activities & acesses to the inner courtyard).
ETRANCES & ACESSES
Street sections proposed by the municipality’s masterplan.
The proposed ground-line that goes up and down creating public space on the ground floor level.
GROUNDFLOOR RPOGRAM
UNDERGROUND RPOGRAM
Working Models
Concept diagram
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Axonometric view from the street
Axonometric view of the courtyard
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7 6
5 4 2
3 1
Ground floor plan
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Typical floor plan
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Cross section view
Longitudinal section view
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Facade on Calle Alejandro Dumas
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Part II Exercises We worked on a series of quick exercises characterized by the creativity and spontaneity of each one of the leaders and professors, around the ever-urgent subject of collective housing. Bringing truly valuable theoretical and practical ideas which are an excellent launching platform for ahead.
Rethinking my Hometown The architecture of remembrance.
Housing Projects - Exercise MAS in Collective Housing ETH(Zürich)/UPM(Madrid) Instructor Annette Gigon Type Conceptual Individual Project Date May 2018 [Length: 1 day] Project Location Thessaloniki, Greece
What can be improved, what should be changed in architecture / in housing specially in your hometown / in your country? - And what should remain? For this quick exercise i decided to choose a narrow street in the dense city center of my hometown, Thessaloniki [Θεσσαλονίκη]. The street is really close to university, therefore is preferred by youngsters. The width of the alley is approximately 8m. and the average height of the building are around 7 floors. As a result the micro-clima of the area is really poor. Normally, the humidity levels are higher, while the atmosphere feels stuffy, with no sufficient light and ventilation, especially in the bottom levels of the apartment buildings. The first step I had to take was to divide the volume in two detached volumes that are united through a terraced space that also serves the circulation system of the building. This will be the place to gather and assembly. Due to the location and the trends of the area the users of the building will be university students.
Selected plot on Dialeti street, map of Thessaloniki
Concept diagram
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Typical Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan
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The Packard Project
Residential ReHab and PostIndustrial life. Housing & Reuse - Exercise MAS in Collective Housing ETH(Zürich)/UPM(Madrid) Instructor Anne Lacaton Assistant teacher Diego García-Setién Type Residential, Reuse, Redesign Collaborators Maria del Rosario Pastore, Jorge Luis Tofiño Date July 2018 [Length: 3 days] Project Location Detroit City, Michigan In this workshop we tried to explore the potential reuse of industrial facilities to become dwelling structures. We worked in Packard Plant in Detroit, one of the most important industrial complexes in the World, both for its historical importance and its dimensions. The reuse of such building was an opportunity to design and invent new typologies of housing, far away from standards, giving more space to each of various qualities and atmospheres. The first step we followed was the analysis of Detroit area. Detroit, has gone through a major economic and demographic decline in recent decades. Local crime rates are among the highest in the United States, and vast areas of the city are in a state of severe urban decay. Nonetheless, poverty is improving; median household income is rising, and the city’s blight removal project is making progress in ridding the city of all abandoned homes that cannot be rehabilitated. Having understood the Detroit’s condition, we set as a goal a low budget restoration, so that we could offer house to all. During the process of this workshop some questions were raised. How is it to live in a “villa” house, and how can we transfer the “villa” house qualities in our project? What defines luxury and generosity of space? How can we invert the process of designing by starting thinking the house, from inside-out? Due to its dimension, Packard offered a different way of approaching housing, and we started thinking the floor plan as a section of land. Borrowing the campings’ typologies and arrangements, we divided the floor plans into plots (10 plots per floor), were the owners can grow their own houses, with a
self-build process in time. As for the restoration, we propose the minimum interventions to preserve this appealing atmosphere of the building, and making it habitable. We suggest, the necessary reparation for the safety of the new inhabitants, the preservation of the façade, the installment of all the electricity, the installation of the service points (electricity, water, etc.) the addition of two access cores in the short sides of the building and complementary light-structured access cores in the long north façade. The two main cores, are big enough to fit construction materials, even cars or containers, aiming that the dwellers of the building will have the maximum comfort. Lastly, as we treat the floorplan as a parcel of land, we consider it crucial to establish some regulation for the buildable area, etc. to ensure that the “camping” atmosphere will remain. The challenge was how we can add value to the old, re-inventing new urban forms of living and trying to keep it simple, fundamental and essential. We wanted to give space and freedom to users to customize their own individual space in a collective housing building. At the end, we found interesting the fact that through this rigid monotonous façade, you can could read the in the interior space the pluralism and the polyphony of the many. Furthermore, the progress of the self-build houses with the different designs and materials is a non-stop process. The project’s scope was to reform the way of living more than reforming the building, keeping an open plan configuration. In that way the building is able to adapt any other use in the future.
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Reference, The Garden of Earthly Delights, Hieronymus Bosch Museo del Prado, Madrid
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Detroit’s garden houses fabric, diagram
Sketch of the sloppy topography and the open plan configuration with the “garden” houses.
Floor plan as a section of land.
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Desired interior atmposheres, collages Starting point were the photos depicting how nature invades the building
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Typical Floor Plan [a continuous system]
Floor plan close ups
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Part III Specialty Seminars Each specialty seminar was coordinated by a technical director who relied on a group of teachers and specialists from all over the world. The specialty seminars lasted 35 teaching hours approximately. In any case, the approach was basically practical. The specialties addressed topics such as Urban Design & Landscape, Housing Projects, Energy & Sustainability, Business management & International Activity, Low Cost & Emergency Housing, Sociology, Economy & Politics, City Sciences and Construction & Technology.
Living In Between
Proposing instead of living-rooms, living -loggias. Energy & Sustainability - Specialty Seminar MAS in Collective Housing ETH(Zürich)/UPM(Madrid) Instructor Javier García-Germán Type Thermodynamic Design Strategies Collaborator José Luis Martín Hijano Date December 2018 Project Location Thessaloníki, Greece In this module we explored the design opportunities which the field of thermodynamics and ecology is opening to architecture, and specifically to the field of collective housing. From a practical and project-oriented stand point, the module focused on connecting thermodynamics and ecology to architecture with the objective of finding potential design strategies which bridge the void between quantitative and qualitative approaches. Contrary to current energy approaches to architecture which are based on quantitative analysis, the module attempted to bridge the gulf between energy and architecture, exploring those disciplinary parameters -such as spatial and material structure, program or perception- which are specifically connected to its material and atmospheric performativity. We focused on three fields of inquiry: in the first part we explored the metabolic-logistical dimension of architecture, in the second part the atmospheric-climatic approach to architecture, and in the third topic unpacks the durability and adaptation of building usage in time. After these ideas have been assimilated, the module continued with a collective housing design project to test how the theoretical ideas can be implemented. This project departed from the structural connection that exists between the climate of a given location and the culture unfolded by its inhabitants. This question which has been rarely addressed by architects, underpins a wide array of questions which connect climate to social patterns, local lifestyles, how people dress themselves or how is architecture inhabited. From this perspective, a thermodynamic approach to architecture needs to explore the interactions between the local climate, the spatial and
material particularities of architecture, and the lifestyle of its users. Contrary to mainstream practice which deploys a top-down approach which proceeds from outdoor massing to indoor space, this studio explored the potential to conceive architecture from the interior. The objective is to design a building starting from the particular atmospheres demanded by its users. As a result, departing from the specific ambient conditions needed by users, we defined the set of sources and sinks required to induce specific atmospheric situations. Climatic typologies were a useful tool as they offer the possibility to bridge the gulf between local climate and specific everyday life patterns. Climatic typologies show how architecture can interact between a given climate and the way people live and socialize, offering the potential to connect the spatial and material lineaments with the specific physiological and psychological behaviors, bridging the gulf between the thermodynamic processes induced by architecture and the quotidian behavior of its inhabitants. The steps for this project were the following: 1.Explore the climate of the chosen location (in this case Thessaloníki, Greece) together with the human physiological adaptation to this climatic situation and a revision of historical references and material culture references. 2. Everyday Life: Sources and Sinks, intersection between a particular climate and inhabitation patterns. 3. Design an interior space, which takes on board the findings developed in the previous steps. 4.Exterior massing. Connection to outdoor climate, designing massing and material strategies which interconnect interior architectural and inhabitation patterns to outdoor patterns.
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Collages of the proposed facades
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Ancient Greece
The Patio, was the main source of light and ventilation, but also a living space were family activities took place, while providing privacy.
Byzantine Empire
For the scopes of the module, we choose ThessalonĂki, Greece as location. We started questioning what domestic space is. The intention is to create a floor plan that is as generic as possible, where every room could adapt any use and the design is not programmed. That will allow the future users to customize their apartments as they wish. The project aimed in a non static architecture, where flexibility and resilient are the goal, as this is what makes sustainable a building. The main idea of the project is to extend the living spaces to the loggias. The loggias is the heart of the house, where every activity can take place there and at the same time , loggia are the regulator of the temperature. We decided to implement the idea in an already existing building, using the structural grid as a given. We started by puncturing the building, in an attempt to create a more porous environment in a dense city like ThessalonĂki, changing the micro-climate of the neighborhood.
MASSING. OUTDOOR CLIMATE MASSING. OUTDOOR CLIMATE
The Portico, was a corridor with roof, along one or more sides of patio, providing natural light, 1.airTHERMODYNAMIC and rain proCONFIGURATIONS: tection.
1. THERMODYNAMIC CONFIGURATIONS:
The Brazier, was a device based on the principle of creating an air steam. By placing combustible material in a container and opening holes in the bottom of the container. The space under the stones of earth formed an air chamber.
Contemporary
The greek poly-katoikia is the most recognized residential type and is made of concrete. The most identificable morphological element is the balcony. The balcony is the place to enjoy sun during the warm days but also functions as a solar filter. Other solar protecare the awnings, the energytors exchanges wind rollrer and the inclined shutters.
The main rooms are located around the patio. Some of the particular features of Byzantine atchitecture is the use of brick as building material and the use of mosaic as a decorative element.
Historical references
curtains
energy exchanges
wind
Vegetation
curtains
energy exchanges
wind
washed clothes washed clothes
Turcocracy Period summer area winter area storage
summer day Air heat reduction summer day Air heat reduction
summer day Sun radiation reduction summer day Sun radiation reduction
summer day Sun radiation reduction summer day Sun radiation reduction
The separation in winter and summer zones. The winter zone was in the middle floor. The rooms were small, summer low-ceiling. The thick summer walls, the small windows and the woolen carpets created the atmposhpere for physical and mental warmth. winter Air flows Air flows
winter washed and wet clothes
On the top floor we have the summer zone. These rooms had wood-carved ceilings, with thinner 2. COLLECTIVE PROPOSAL. walls made of catma and a large number of win2. COLLECTIVE PROPOSAL. dows for the ventilation.
summer day Sun radiation reduction
Vegetation
summer day Cooling walls entrance summer day Cooling walls
winter day Greenhouse + vegetation source winter day Greenhouse + vegetation source
winter day Greenhouse + vegetation source winter day Greenhouse + vegetation source
any day Increase in air velocity any day Increase in air velocity
04
winter night heating one space winter night heating one space
3. MATERIALITY LAYERING. 3. MATERIALITY LAYERING.
The overhangs, as an
were any day enclosed spaceany day Increase in air velocity in air velocity created to Increase meet specific urban and functional needs. They were protecting from sun and rain.
any day Reduction in air velocity
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summer day Cooling one space and walls
summer day Cooling two spaces
summer day Cooling two spaces
any da Increase in air any da Increase in air
winter ni heating one winter ni heating one
Passivet hermodynamic strategies
SUMMER
Shaded windows
Double pane Low-E windows
Inclined shutter as a solar filter
Awnings as a solar filter
Clothes as a solar filter
Vegetation as a solar filter
Cross natural ventilation
The influence of patio in ventilation
WINTER
Maximize the glass area in the south.
Greenhouse effect, on a winter day.
Patio as a green house, to gain solar
Greenhouse effect on a winter night.
The ideal placement of the rooms, according to the orientation.
Thermodynamic performance of the ‘living’ loggias summer day +25 °C
summer day +22 °C
exterior +29 °C
exterior +26 °C
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t1 > t2 > text
t1 > t2 > t3 > text
t2 < t1 < text
FINAL PROPOSAL 3. BUILDING CONFIGURATION.
Typical floor plan diagram 1. iNTERVENTION ON EXISTING BUILDING.
A’
summer day Air heat reduction
summer day Sun radiation reduction
summer day Sun radiation reduction
A
2. TYPOLOGIES. THERMODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE. A Vegetation
curtains
energy exchanges
any day Increase in air v
wind
washed and wet clothes
Third floor plan. Scale: 1/200
SCALE 1/100
Configuration of the Unit summer
t3 t2 t1
t2
t1
t1
t2
winter
text = 10ºC
HR = 70%
Air flows
winter day Greenhouse. t1 > t2 > text
summer day Cooling walls text = 5ºC
HR = 75%
winter day Greenhouse + vegetation source
winter night Succession of layers. t1 > t2 > t3 > text
winter day Greenhouse +
text = 29ºC HRsource = 30% vegetation summer day Redirecting air flows and vegetation filter. t2 < t1 < text
South facade Scale: 1/200
2. COLLECTIVE PROPOSAL.
3. MATERIALITY LAYERING.
3. BUILDING CONFIGURATION.
Facade Diagrams and Programming
Loggias’ Materiality
A’
ENERGY AND SUSTANABILITY PROFESSOR JAVIER GARCÍA-GERMÁN A A Third floor plan. Scale: 1/200
Curtains with different stratums which allow the entry of light and insulate thermally.
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winter nigh heating one s
Perspective collages of the desired atmospheres in the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;livivingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; loggias
on a summer day
on a summer day
on a summer night
on a summer night
on a winter day
on a winter day
on a winter night
on a winter night
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Modifying Vertex
The culture of construction beside the evolving culture of design. Construction & Technology - Specialty Seminar MAS in Collective Housing ETH(Zürich)/UPM(Madrid) Instructor Ignacio Fernández Solla Assistant teacher Archie Campbell, David Rutter, Diego Garcia-Setien Type Energy-Efficient Envelope, Structural Design, Building Services, Industrialization in Construction Collaborators Miguel Ángel Valverde, Jorge Luis Tofiño Date February - March 2018 Project Location Cancun, Mexico During this workshop, we were asked to modify the Vertex project by OAB architects in Barcelona, assuming it will be built in Cancun, Mexico. The first parameter we took into account for redesigning the building was Cancun’s climate. Cancun has a tropical monsoon climate, according to the Köppen climate classification. The temperature is constantly around 27°C, with no great difference between summer and winter. Cancun usually enjoys sunny days. The humidity levels are usually high especially from June to October. The greatest problem we had to deal with were the hurricanes, with the highest chance of a hurricane occurring between March and October. Since Cancun is considered as one of the most tourist regions in Mexico, the apartments are destined for medium to high income tourists and will be used mainly during the day. The building will be managed and maintained by a developer that will rent the units to tourists from abroad during the summer while, in the winter season, the apartments will be occupied by Mexicans. Hence, the building will be integrated in a new expansion area, close to the city center and the tourist attractions. Due to the non-permanent nature of the occupancy, a lot of effort was put into the design of the flexible floor plans that allow users to decide the configuration of their unit. Another parameter that influenced the project’s evolution were the Cenotes. Cenotes are underground geological forms with subsurface void and water that affected the resolution of the structure. The initial Vertex building had two underground levels as a parking lot but, in the Cancun version of Vertex,
only one low-ceiling underground level is possible. The parking needs will be covered from the extra space of the plot. In order to respond in the previous established climatic, social and economic parameters, the project’s strategy for the modification of Vertex building, proposes the follow actions: -In the initial Vertex there were 3 apartments per floor, in the Cancun version we reduce the number in two. In that way we take advantage of the corners to secure that every apartment is well orientated. -Split and increase the distance between the two main volumes of the building to achieve cross ventilation for each apartment. -Modify the vertexes to maximize the balcony’s as it is considered crucial in places like Cancun. -Insert a regular grid of 3m x 3m to enable the prefabrication of the structure. The building consists of 13 floors. In that case prefabrication thought the most efficient choice in terms of time and economy. -On the top level, a part of the roof is reserved for the solar panels that will provide hot water, while the rest of the roof is destined for collective activities. -In the façade, the shutters that will perform as a buffer zone for the hurricanes and as solar protection during sunny days. -The suggested material; for the structure is concrete. After research we found out that concrete is thee most economical material in Cancun and at the same time resists corrosion. For the shutters, anodized aluminum is suggested as it is a lightweight material also with resistance in corrosion and is durable against hurricanes.
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HNOLOGY
photorealistic illustration 09
CONSTRUCTION & TECHNOLOGY
photorealistic illustration 10
Photorealistic representations of the modified Vertex building in Cancun
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Context
context 01
01.Climate Classification
context 01
06.Cenotes
01.Climate Classification
06.Cenotes 02.Average High & Low Temperature
elidou
02.Average High & Low Temperature
Vertex will be ok into n’s cliording ]. The eat difm 02]. he huOctoal with hurrim 05]. one 5,
07.Plot
03.Hourly Illumination
07.Plot
03.Hourly Illumination
mexico mexico
cancun cancun
mexico
04.Humidity Comfort Levels
cancun selected plot plot selected
rist reedium ng the d by a abroad ments will be to the on-perut into sers to
04.Humidity Comfort Levels selected plot
05.Average Wind Speed 05.Average Wind Speed
olution logical hat afVertex ot but, ng une cov
N N
N The proposed orientation for the building followed the passive solar design guidelines for Cancun. The building’s longest axis running roughly east to west and the largest The proposed orientation forexposed the building followed the pasfacade roughly towards south. Large, west-facing sive solar design guidelines for Cancun. The building’s walls are avoided. longest axis running roughly east to west and the largest facade roughly towards south. Large, exposed west-facing walls are avoided.
process 02
Process
9. ACCESSIBLE PL
10. ROOF TOP (COLLECTIVITY +
9. ACCESSIBLE PLOT
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CHNOLOGY
Floor plans
Typical Floor Plan [scale 1.200]
floor
Basement [scale 1.300]
cale 1.200]
floor plans 03
Ground Floor [scale 1.300]
Basement [scale 1.300]
Typical floor plan Roof Top [scale 1.300]
Ground Floor [scale 1.300]
solar panels
solar panels
Roof Top [scale 1.300]
Ground floor
Roof rop plan
solar panels
solar panels
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Building services
CONSTRUCTION & TECHNOLOGY
Delivery The heat pump extracts the heat from the interior spaces and then transfer it to the ground with the help of the water by compressing it.
Distribution Then an expansion valve, that uses the cold water to bring it back to low temperature, extracts the heat again.
Production
The water from the Cenote helps to decrease the amount of energy needed for the heat exchange. The piled foundations provide the space for the installations. Mechanical Ventilation in the summer time [MAY to OCT].
Compressor Geothermal Heat Pump It is a central cooling system that transfers heat to the ground. That makes the cooling system more efficient, since the temperature of the Cenotes itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s around 12 °C lower than the exterior temperature.
Hot gas at high pressure
Warm gas at low pressure
Hot water out Cold water in Heat Exchanger Hot liquid at high pressure
Evaporator Cold liquid at low pressure
Expansion Valve
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services 08 services 08 services 08 Solar Panel
Delivery in Services
Storage Water Tank Hot water transfer to the Cenote during sunny days
Heat water storage & boiler that uses the hot water from the heat pump and then it raises 15 °C more.
Hot Water Delivery In most of the days, the water will be heated from the solar panels. Cancun has a high range of sun radiation. During the cloudy days the water from the heat pump could be used to raise the temperature at 15 °C, without using electricity power. In that way its could reach the standards of the hygiene [above 60 °C].
Ventilation In the summer time, the mechanical extraction will be used to create a cycle of fresh air. Every apartment will have a small opening for the constant ventilation. During the winter time, since the temperature it is around 27, the mechanical cooling is not needed. The passive system of cross ventilation will be used instead.
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CTION & TECHNOLOGY
hroom
ich walls
s
Structural parts
prefab slab
kitchen & bathroom
double-glazed window 4. Double glazed w
EPS sandwich wall
shear wall [in situ]
ortar
polished mortar
umn
precast column
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precast beam
3. Pr
prefab slab
1.
anodized aluminium shutter
2. Anodize
Building envelope
facade 06
south facade h o r i z o n t a l louvers
CONSTRUCTION & TECHNOLOGY
north facade v e r t i c a l louvers
folded shutters open louvers semi-open shutters completely shutted
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Interplay-Scape
Plaza del Callao becomes a multi-dimensional square. Urban Design - Specialty Seminar MAS in Collective Housing ETH(Zürich)/UPM(Madrid) Instructor José María Ezquiaga Type Urban Planning, Landscape Urbanism, Public Space Collaborators Elena Sofia Congiu, Andrea Guillen Mantecon Date April 2018 Project Location Plaza del Callao-Gran Via, Madrid, Spain The Madrid City Council has commenced an urban strategy aimed at an overall territorial rebalance, with a special focus on the most vulnerable areas. It is expected that this initiative provides its citizens with a more equitable, livable and cohesive city by means of a comprehensive, sustainable response to the challenges that our society must tackle urgently, albeit in a responsible manner in terms of the environment, the economy and social cohesion. One of the most important aspects of the envisaged transformations related to the conditions of this specialty seminar is the development of a new, more sustainable, accessible, inclusive public space. The main strategic challenges of the city are focused on the following objectives: Territorial balance and social cohesion / Environmental, economic, social and cultural sustainability / Improved quality of life and habitability. Gran Vía is one of the world’s big shopping and entertainment streets. In this specialty we focused specifically in Plaza del Callao, a square right next to the busting Gran Via. The aim of the project was to create an area where the usual uses of a city center can be enriched and it could be shared and enjoyed by citizens and visitors alike. The challenge in the case of Callao was to preserve the character of the square but at the same time creating a more delightful public space. The first step was the identification of the square and the study of public life of the surrounding area,
by mapping, tracking, looking for traces, photographing, keeping a diary and interviewing, as Jan Gehl suggests. Plaza del Callao is a hard-scape square that has a wide range of yearly activities such as marches, concerts, holiday markets, art and marketing installations and the Madrid Premiere week. Nevertheless, the rest of the time Plaza del Callao is just a crossing point, with no shaded or resting places, with an absence of design strategy. How do we create a functional square, which is also an attractive public space? And how do we create a square that respects the scale, history and future urban culture of the old city center of Madrid? Instead of concealing the hard-scape structure, we proposed a concept that enhances the beauty of it while breaking up the scale. We proposed a system of a continuous railing that becomes a fantastic “playground” for the city. From being a mere railing it transforms to becoming swings, ball cages, jungle gyms, places to hang billboards, shade, racks and more. From street level, the railing literally takes the visitors by the hand; invite them on a trip to plaza del Callao. In addition, according to the activities taking place in Callao all this urban furnitures can be installed or uninstalled. The metallic railing is able to provide the necessary flexibility, while inter-grading a part of Gran Via and allowing all the multiple “plays” taking place simultaneously.
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Close-ups from the proposed multi-functional railing structure in Plaza del Callao [1.Marches, 2.Cristmas Market, 3.Swings, 4.Market Installation, 5.Art Exposition, 6.Daily mode]
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Study of the public life in Plaza del Callao
A Flux diagram of Gran Via
information source: time lapse - 4 hours range datas dawn morning mid day afternoon evening flux source
Flux diagram of Plaza del Callao
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Mapping Callao and Gran Via, personal notebook, April 2018
“The plaza used to have fountains, an obelisc and benches. People sat there. Gran Via used to be elegant. The commerces were beautiful and the cafeterias had terraces, it felt like a real plaza and not an explanade like now” Resident of the area “In the summer the is no one in the plaza because the sun is too intense and there is no shade. During the summer concerts from the gay pride celebrations take place in the plaza and during the winter there is a holiday market, or an icerink.” Information kiosk guide
“There are no places to sit” Tourist Photo of Callao, 1945 Quotes from interviews taken by the team in April 2018
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The flexibility of the proposed design
Plan View of Plaza del Callao on a daily basis
Plan View of Plaza del Callao with installed swings and water fountains
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Plan View of Plaza del Callao on a Cristmas day
Plan View of Plaza del Callao with art installations
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Photo-montages of the proposed design hosting yearly activities
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Seed Dwelling
Low-cost housing in Bajos de Haina. Low-Cost & Emergency Housing - Specialty Seminar MAS in Collective Housing ETH(ZĂźrich)/UPM(Madrid) Instructors BelĂŠn Gesto Barroso, Sonia Molina Metzger Type Affordable Housing, Subsidized Housing Collaborators Francisco Espinosa, Jorge Luis TofiĂąo Date July 2018 Project Location Bajos de Haina, Dominican Republic The seminar introduced, among others, the problem of slums and informal cities. The slum upgrading is one of the most active housing policies today and one to which sizable resources are being allocated. With this project we tried to provide solutions for the informal settlements in Bajos de Haina neighborhood in Dominican Republic. The scenario that was given to us stated that a hurricane caused floods that have completely ruined 20 dwellings. Several damages happened on informal houses along the neighborhood and 30 more houses have been ruined, but they were not placed on a vulnerable place, so they could rebuild in the same plot. In order to tackle this disaster-affected populations we had to implement a systematic settlement process. The first step, was the analysis of the area focusing on the history of pollution, the climatic conditions, the natural hazards, the socioeconomic context and the construction materials. Having understood the area and its needs we proceeded with the strategy that we should follow in time. For the first days, the neighbors and the relatives will provide shelter to the depleted families. The next days we propose, that the families affected by the natural catastrophe, will move to emergency settlements, meanwhile the recovery project will continue. There, the containers will transformed while we go on working on the strategy for the whole neighborhood. The solution for these families is to place them temporally on the port nearby, where the containers will easily transformed into shelters and sanitary and other services will be place in key points. During their stay they will have the chance to participate in discussions about their solution and their
neighborhood and the design of the new houses. Furthermore, we propose the creation of small teams that will have leaders who acquire the knowledge about construction techniques and are capable of transmitting it. These teams will participate in construction workshops. The goal is by the time that all the decisions are taken about the relocation of the families, the teams will be able to participate in the construction process. So they will be able to provide work hours in exchange for materials. In this way, we will be able to reduce the budget of the whole regeneration of the area. While, with their participation the feeling of correlation and appreciation of their new house will become stronger. The relocation of the new dwellings will be in non-vulnerable plots. The families that they do not wish to relocate will be placed at least 15m. from the river frontage and we suggest an elevated platform that will allow the water to flow without damaging the structure. We aimed at designing good-quality affordable housing that provides minimum 50sqm. We suggest that the affected families will receive dwellings that will be able to grow in the future. In the first stage what is given to them is the structure, the wet core, the slabs and the envelope, with the possibility to extend the living spaces in height. The dimensions of the units (7.6m x 13.2m) are result of a research on the plot sizes of the neighborhood. The plots are relatively small with an average of 10m. frontage. Additionally, the dimensions of the dwellings is due to the necessity to divide as many plots as possible on the street frontage so that we can secure easy access to the municipal installations.
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Proposed seed dwelling, photo-realistic representation
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Location & general information
The country lies in the path of hurricanes, with the south and north-east being the most affected. The climate is hot and humid and the terrain is mountainous with higher concentrations of the population on coastal areas. This makes the country vulnerable to the effects of climate change. The main natural hazards are hurricanes, tropical storms, droughts, heat waves, lightning, landslides, floods,earthquakes. More than 60 percent of the population lives in urban areas. The density is 197 persons per sqkm. More than 50% of the country’s electricity is produced in Bajos de Haina, and it is the only country’d refinery.
Dominican Republic
Bajos de Haina
History of polution
Bajos de Haina has been referred to as the ‘Dominican Chernobyl’.According to the United Nations, the population of Haina has been considered to have the highest level of lead contamination in the world. The contamination is believed to have been caused by the an automobile battery recycling smelter. Although the company has moved to a new site, the contamination still remains.
“Haina is considered one of the most polluted places in the world.” Blacksmith Institute, 2007 “Haina is no longer on the list of the most polluted places in the world.” Diario Libre, 2013
Construction History wall
PAVED 23%
WOOD 27% BLOCK 73%
roof
floor
METAL PLATES 51%
CEMENT 77%
floors number ONE 83%
CONCRETE 49%
TWO 17%
street level SAME 30% LOWER 18%
HIGHER 52%
Natural Hazards
medium-low medium medium-high
zone 2
high
zone 1
Areas affected by cyclones
Areas affected by tsunamis
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Socioeconomic Context MULTIDIMENSTIONAL POVERTY Bajos de Haina 148th position in RD 27,8% poverty rate
education
housing
equality
35% attendance (15-29 years old)
77% of precarious
92% pregnancies
sanitation
typology
water
20% without or with exterior latrines
83% independent houses
80% insufficient installations
materials
education
54% blocks 38% wood
transportation
90% attendance (6-14 years old)
migration
electricity
22% people from other cities
96% electric cable mast
34% non-asphalt roads homes
Leyenda
Barrios ONE Cuenca de estudio Subcuenca INVI
EL NARANJAL
Subcuenca Villa Penca
38% poor urban settlements
Subcuenca Bella Vista Manzanas Cañadas Afluentes de cañadas
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77% autoconstraction
37% paths and routes
SAN ANTONIO
7,9% external overcrowding
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Areas affected by toxic substancies
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Areas affected by floods
MAPA DE OBSTÁCULOS HÍDRICOS DE LAS CAÑADAS DE BELLA VISTA, VILLA PENCA E INVI
Innovando en la Gestión del Riesgo de Desastres en Bajos de Haina. Proyecto Piloto de Gestión de Riesgo de inundaciones mediante SUDS
Fuente de los datos: Div. administrativa Censo 2010, ONE Cañadas, calculo desde DEM DEM 1m, INDRHI Manzanas y edificaciones, Mapix Aerial Obstáculos, propia desde imagen aérea Imagen aérea, Mapix Aerial jul. 2017
Coordinate System: WGS 1984 UTM Zone 19 Projection: Transverse Mercator Datum: WGS 1984 false easting: 500,000.0000 false northing: 0.0000 central meridian: -69.0000 scale factor: 0.9996 latitude of origin: 0.0000 Units: Meter
The components of the seed unit. Masonry construction with local materials and technology to support possible future weather conditions and future expansion. -Seed Dwelling Areas Ground Floor: 50m2 N of BR: 04 -Incremental Dwelling Areas Ground Floor: 16 m2 Level 01 : 66 m2 N of BR:06 Total: 132 m2
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Photorealistic representations of the proposed seed unit.
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MASTER IN COLLECTIVE HOUSING 2018 edition MCH DIRECTORS Andrea Deplaze Dr. Jose Maria de Lapuerta MCH MANAGER Rosario Segrado CONTACT e-mail: info@mchmaster.com phone:+34 910 674 860 Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid Avda. Juan Herrera 4. 28040, Madrid. Spain
ThessalonĂki, September 2018