5 ( ) 6>57
34567
˚˛ ˚˙ ˚˝˙˚ •
˙ H
34567 Vol. 134, No. 11
Semimonthly RUSSIAN
(
S`*3 V*3/\-\ ,m]daV*B 88 =;< >>> 6>; )Ë&#x203A;%
JUNE 1, 2013
Ë&#x161; Ë? Ë?d`Z*W w b\`\31,*q +*jZqx ]`\aW*,Wq1b 1-\,d \-* P `*,Sb1Wq a1W1ZZ\S. 'b\b 3d`Z*W db1j*1b Wp/1S +W*-\S ,1abnp \ b\YE hb\ \3n1 Z1+1aZ\1 *`ab,\ ,aV\`1 ]\V\ZhSb a\ ,a1Y 4W\Y S ,aq 41YWq ab*Z1b `*1Y. Z dV`1]Wq1b ,1`d , Sada* `Sab*E V\b\`mS dY1`E hb\+m Ym Y\-WS \+`1abS ,1hZdp 3S4ZnE S V\b\`mS a1Sh*a ]`*,Sb V*V *`n \3n1-\ *`ab,*. 'b\b 3d`Z*W Z1]`1`m,Z\ S4/*1baq a 5<;= -\/*. Z ]\WSbSh1aVS Z1Sb`*W1Z S ]\WZ\abnp \aZ\,*Z Z* S+WSS.
`1/d+13/1ZSq P ]`\+W1Y* YS`\,\-\ Y*ajb*+* 7 Ë&#x161;Ë&#x203A; Ë&#x161;Ë&#x2122; Ë&#x161;Ë?Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x161; â&#x20AC;˘D Ë&#x2122; H 9
â&#x20AC;˘ Ë&#x161; Ë?Ë&#x161; `S+WS3*yb1an V \-dD 1-\,* Z1WSg1]`Sqb1Z < \V`\,Sk1 S4 -Wd+SZm ,1V\, =
Ë?1W*1b1 WS ,m ]\WdhSbn +\Wnj1 SZe\`Y*gSS SWS f\bSb1E hb\+m a ,*YS ]`\,\/SW\an +1a]W*bZ\1 /\Y*jZ11 S4dh1ZS1 S+WSSH
d3Z\ WS Y\WSbnaq a,qbmYH 56 +dh*yb1 a,\Sf /1b1yD 1Yd Ym dhSYaq S4 `*aaV*4* \ ]`1abd]ZSV1H 58 b,1bm Z* +S+W1yaVS1 ,\]`\am 5:
\a1bSb1 a*yb www.jw.org SWS Z*]SjSb1 ]\ \/Z\Yd S4 dV*4*ZZmf ZS31 */`1a\,D Ë&#x161; &B 1WS-S\4Z\1 \+l1/SZ1ZS1 ,S/1b1W1y 1-\,m , 1a]d+WSV1 1W*`danE 66>>7>E SZaVE *Nq =
(s
â&#x20AC;˘ Ë&#x161; â&#x20AC;˘ www.jw.org/ru
B ;=8=5E n,T,O `pf\,ShTE */a =99
Ë&#x203A; Ë&#x2122; Ë&#x161; %Ë&#x161; % Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x161; Ë&#x161; ) Ë&#x161; %
1`]SY\ WS ,m \bZ\aSb1an V /`d-SY `1WS-SqYH
\WZmy a]Sa\V */`1a\, aY\b`Sb1 Z* a*yb1 www.jw.org /contact. Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x2122;
1a]W*bZ\D 'b\ S4/*ZS1 P h*abn ,a1YS`Z\y +S+W1yaV\y ]`\a,1bSb1WnZ\y /1qb1WnZ\abSE V\b\`*q ]`\,\/Sbaq f`SabS*ZaVSYS ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,m S ]\//1`3S,*1baq /\+`\,\WnZmYS ]\31`b,\,*ZSqYSD Ë&#x161;aWS Z1 dV*4*Z\ SZ*h1E +S+W1yaVS1 gSb*bm ,4qbm S4 w ,qk1ZZ\-\ Sa*ZSq P 1`1,\/* Z\,\-\ YS`*xD The Watchtower (ISSN 0043-1087) is published semimonthly by Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New YorkE Inc.; L. WeaverE Jr.E President; G. F. SimonisE Secretary-Treasurer; 25 Columbia HeightsE BrooklynE NY 11201-2483. 4/*b1Wnab,\B Wachtturm Bibel- und TraktatGesellschaft der Zeugen JehovasE e. V.E Selters/Taunus. Verantwortliche Redaktion: Ramon TempletonE Selters/Taunus. 5 2013 Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of PennsylvaniaD a1 ]`*,* a\f`*ZqpbaqD Printed in Germany.
r
L Y\b`Sb1 ,VW*/Vd N Ë&#x203A; Ë&#x2122; Ë&#x161; %Ë&#x161; %M
5 ( ) 6>57
34567
â&#x20AC;˘ Ë&#x161; ' Ë? Ë? Ë&#x161; "Ë&#x161; â&#x20AC;˘ Ë&#x161;Ë&#x203A; Ë&#x161;Ë&#x2122; Ë&#x161;Ë?Ë&#x2122;Ë&#x161; â&#x20AC;˘
Ë&#x2122; H
˚ ˝
˚ ) ˚˙ ˚˝˙˚ • *Z*/*B w 1aY\b`q Z* YZ\O -\Z*gS\Z*WnZ\abn ab`*Zm S dh`13/1ZS1 `*4WShZmf p`SO /Sh1aVSf S ]\WSbSh1aVSf ]`\O -`*YY ]\ 4*kSb1 ]`*, `*4Zmf a\\+k1ab,E `*aS4Y \ab*1baq a1`n14Z\y ]`ShSZ\y Z*`dj1ZSq ]`*, h1W\,1V*x L/\VW*/ \`-*ZSO 4*gSS w 13/dZ*`\/Z*q *YZSabSqx \ *Z*/1E 6>56MD
˚,`\]*B w8< ]`\g1Zb\, 1,`\O ]1yg1, ahSb*pbE hb\ aWSjV\Y Y*W\ a/1W*Z\ ]\ +\`n+1 a /SaVO `SYSZ*gS1y , Sf ab`*Z1x L 1b1`O
`1/d+13/1ZSq
]SY\abnE ]`1/d+13/1ZSq S /SaV`SO YSZ*gSqD ˚,`\]1yaVSy \bh1bE 6>55MD
]`\+W1Y* YS`\,\-\ Y*ajb*+*
e`SV*B w *aSWS1 Z*/ 31ZO kSZ*YS S /SaV`SYSZ*gSq \ab*O ,*WSan \+mhZmY q,W1ZS1Y ,\ YZ\-Sf ab`*Z*fx L˙\VW*/ w 13O /dZ*`\/Z\y *YZSabSSxE 6>56MD
˙˝ E *Y1`SV*Z1g V\`1yaV\-\ ]`\Saf\3/1O ZSqE , /1bab,1 ab\WVZdWaq a `*a\,\y /SaV`SYSZ*gSO 1yD b*, ,4`\aWmYE \Z `1jSW ]1`11f*bn bd/*E -/1 WpO /S Z1 \bZ\aSWSan +m V Z1Yd ]`1/,4qb\ S Z1 ad/SWS +m \ Z1Y b\WnV\ ]\ Z*gS\Z*WnZ\abSD Z dab`\SWO aq `*+\b*bn ,`*h\Y , Z1+\Wnj\Y -\`\/1 Z* a1,1`1 WqaVS L " ME -/1 ,Z1jZ1 \Z Z1 \a\+\ \bWSh*Waq \b +\WnjSZab,* a,\Sf ]*gS1Zb\,D ˚Yd ]\V*4*W\anE hb\ b*YE a`1/S W1/qZmf *`VbSh1aVSf ,1b`\,E \Z Z*V\Z1g S4+*,SWaq \b 1k1 +\W11 ad`\,mf ,1b`\, ]`1/d+13/1O ZSyD \ 1-\ 3/*W\ -\`nV\1 `*4\h*`\,*ZS1D /Z*3/m \Z \V*4m,*W Y1/SgSZaVdp ]\Y\kn 69OW1bZ1y /1O ,djV1D ˚/,* ,my/q S4 V\YmE ]*gS1ZbV* ]\aY\b`1O W* ˙3\Z*b*Zd , WSg\ S `*4`*4SW*an `d-*b1Wnab,*YSE V\b\`m1 ,m/*WS 11 -Wd+\V\1 ]`14`1ZS1 V V\`1yg*YD ˙Wq ˙3\Z*b*Z* ob\ +mW\ aW\,Z\ Z\3\Y ]\ a1`/O gdD Z a -\`1hnp \a\4Z*WE hb\E Z1aY\b`q Z* ]1`1O 14/ S ,a1 ]\]mbVS ab*bn a,\SYE 1Yd b*V S Z1 d/*W\an dV`mbnaq \b ]`1/d+13/1ZSyD Wdh*y ˙3\Z*b*Z* ]\/b,1`3/*1b 31ab\Vdp `1O *WnZ\abnD `1/d+13/1ZSq 1abn ,14/1E /*31 , a*Ymf
1]*WB w˙*WSbm LwZ1]`SV*a*1O Ym1xM ab`*/*pb S4O4* V*ab\,\y /SaV`SYSZ*gSSE \a\+1ZZ\ ob\ \kdk*1baq , oV\Z\YSh1aV\yE a\gS*WnZ\y S VdWnbd`Z\y ae1O `*fx L a1YS`Zmy /\VW*/ w npY*Z *yba \bhxE 6>56MD
\ab\hZ*q ˚,`\]*B w m-*Z1 , \ab\hZ\y ˚,`\]1 P 31`b,m ]`1/d+13/1ZSy , a,\Sf ab`*Z*f S t,SZ\,ZSVSr ,a1f +1/E ]\ YZ1O ZSp 3Sb1W1y /`d-Sf ab`*ZEP ]`1/ab*,Wqpb a\+\y ]`\+W1YdE 4* V\b\`dp Z1 f\h1b +`*bnaq ZS \/SZ ]\WSbSVx L3d`Z*W w'V\Z\O YSabx \b 8 a1Zbq+`q 6>5> -\/*MD
5 ( ) 6>57
3
˚ ˚˙ ˚˝˙˚ ˚H
aaW1/\,*b1WqY b`d/Z\ /*bn b\hZ\1 \]`1/1W1ZS1 ob\Yd ]\ZqbSpD /ZS -\,\`qbE hb\ ]`1/d+13/1ZS1 P ob\ wZ1-*bS,Z\1 \bZ\j1ZS1 V h1W\,1VdE \aZ\,*ZZ\1 SaVWphSb1WnZ\ Z* 1-\ ]`SZ*/W13Z\abS V b\y SWS SZ\y -`d]O ]1xD ˙`d-S1 ahSb*pbE hb\ b*V*q ,`*3/1+Z\abn \+lqaZq1baq wZ1/\ab*bV\Y SZe\`Y*gSSxE S4O4* h1-\ aVW*/m,*1baq w]`1/,4qb\1 \bZ\j1ZS1 V hW1Z*Y V*V\yOb\ -`d]]mxD Wp+\Y aWdh*1 ]`1/d+13/1ZSq Y\-db e\`YS`\,*bnaq , \bZ\j1ZSS `*a\,\y ]`SZ*/W13Z\abSE ,1a*E ]\W*E q4mV*E `1WS-SS SWS Wp+\-\ /`d-\-\ e*Vb\`*E \bWSh*pk1-\ \/Z\-\ h1W\,1V* \b /`d-\-\D
\b/*W1ZZmf d-\WV*f 41YWSD d/q ]\ ,a1YdE b*YE -/1 Wp/SE b*Y ,a1-/* +d/db ]`1/d+13/1ZSqD 1aY\b`q Z* b\ hb\ ]`1/d+13/1ZSq Y\3Z\ ,ab`1bSbn ]\,ap/dE +\WnjSZab,\ Wp/1y \ad3O /*pb ]`1/,4qb\1 \bZ\j1ZS1 V /`d-SYD ob\Y 4*VWph*1baq d/S,Sb1WnZmy ]*`*/\VaD *V b\E hb\ ,m4m,*1b ab\WnV\ ,\4Ydk1ZSqE Y\-W\ b*V dV\`1ZSbnaq , h1W\,1h1aV\Y \+k1ab,1H \ ,a1y ,S/SY\abSE YZ\-S1 S4 b1fE Vb\ \ad3/*1b ]`1/dO +13/1ZSqE Z1 4*Y1h*pb Sf d a1+qD hb\ Y\3Z\ aV*4*bn \ ,*aH ˛
) ˚ ˚ )
\4Z*1Y Ym ob\ SWS Z1bE Z\ Z*Y b`d/Z\ \]`1/1WSbnE 4*`*31Z\ WS Z*j1 a1`/g1 ]`1/dO +13/1ZSqYSD , S+WSS \+lqaZq1baq ]\h1O YdB w 1`/g1 \+Y*ZhS,11 ,a1-\x L 1`1YSq 5;B=E YmaW\,\y ]1`1,\/MD *]`SY1`E Ym Y\31Y \+O Y*Zm,*bn a1+qE /dY*qE hb\ \/SZ*V\,\ f\`\j\ \bZ\aSYaq V\ ,a1Y Wp/qYD WS 31 Ym Y\31Y ahSb*bnE hb\ d Z*a 1abn \+\aZ\,*ZZ*q ]`ShSZ* Z1/\Wp+WS,*bn \]`1/1W1ZZm1 -`d]]m Wp/1yD
b\+m ]`\,1`SbnE 1abn WS , ,*j1Y a1`/g1 aV`mbm1 ]`1/d+13/1ZSqE ]\]`\+dyb1 ]`1/ab*O ,Sbn a1+1 aW1/dpkdp aSbd*gSpB ,m \/SZ S/1b1 ]\ dWSg1 ]\4/Z\ Z\hnpD ,*Y ]`S+WS3*pbaq /,* Z14Z*V\Ymf Y\W\/mf h1W\,1V*D 'b\ V`1]O VS1 ]*`ZSE SE V*31baqE \/SZ S4 ZSf hb\Ob\ /1`O 3Sb , `dV1D \ahSb*1b1 WS ,mE hb\ obS Y\W\/m1 Wp/S ]`1/ab*,Wqpb /Wq ,*a d-`\4dH \Z1hZ\E ,*j 3S4Z1ZZmy \]mb Y\31b ]\/aV*4m,*bn ,*YE hb\ Zd3Z\ +mbn \ab\`\3ZmYE Z\ /1yab,Sb1WnO Z\ WS 1abn \aZ\,*ZS1 4*VWphSbnE hb\ obS ]*`O ZS \]*aZmH 1k1 +\W11 SZb1`1aZmy ,\]`\aB Y\W\/mf Wp/1y V*V\y Z*gS\Z*WnZ\abS ,m a1+1 ]`1/ab*,SWSH *j \b,1b YZ\-\1 ]`\qaZSbD Z Y\31b ,mq,Sbn b\E hb\ a1Y1Z* ]`1/d+13/1ZSy d31 ]dabSWS V\`ZS , ,*j1Y a1`/g1D
4
˝˚ ) " )
˚aWS Ym h1abZm a a\+\yE b\ a\-W*aSYaqE hb\ -Wd+\V\ , a1`/g1 V*3/my S4 Z*a SY11b V*VS1O b\ ]`1/d+13/1ZSqD \b hb\ , S+WSS -\,\`Sbaq \+ \/Z\Y \h1Zn `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZZ\Y ,S/1 ]`1/dO +13/1ZSqB w 1W\,1V aY\b`Sb Z* ,Z1jZSy ,S/x L5 *YdSW* 5:B;E YmaW\,\y ]1`1,\/MD ˙*E ,a1 Ym ]\/,1`31Zm ob\y aVW\ZZ\abSE V\b\`*q Z1O `1/V\ ]`S,\/Sb V V*b*ab`\eSh1aVSY ]\aW1/O ab,SqYD \ d/*abaq WS Z*Y V\-/*OZS+d/n SaO V\`1ZSbn ]`1/d+13/1ZSq S4 a,\1-\ a1`/g*H d/1Y WS Ym 3Sbn , YS`1E a,\+\/Z\Y \b ]`1/dO +13/1ZSyH
% % ˙ • H
S` +14 ]`1/d+13/1ZSy
\-/*H
5 Bob Adelman/Corbis
w ˚ ) 1abn Y1hb*xD 'b\ aW\,* S4 a*Y\y S4,1abO Z\y `1hS *`bSZ* pb1`* SZ-* P *Y1`SO V*ZaV\-\ WS/1`* ˙,S31ZSq 4* -`*3/*ZaVS1 ]`*,*EP V\b\`m1 \Z ]`\O S4Z1a 9> W1b Z*4*/E 6< *,O -dab* 5=:7 -\/*D 'b\y e`*4\yE YZ\-\V`*bZ\ ]\O ,b\`qpk1yaq Z* ]`\bq31O ZSS ,a1y `1hSE SZ- ,mO `*4SW Z*/13/d Z* b\E hb\ \/Z*3/m Wp/S \a,\+\O /qbaq \b `*a\,mf ]`1/O `*aad/V\,D \bq 1-\ aW\,* *`bSZ pb1` SZ+mWS \+`*k1Zm V 3Sb1O ]`\S4Z\aSb `1hn \ WqY \1/SZ1ZZmf "b*O -`*3/*ZaVSf ]`*,*f b\,E \aZ\,Zdp S/1p 1-\ Y1hbm ]\/f,*bSWS Wp/S ,\ YZ\-Sf ab`*Z*fD
1`14 b`S Y1aqg* ]\aW1 b\-\E V*V SZ- ,mO abd]SW a ob\y `1hnpE 6> Z\q+`q 5=:7 -\/*E +\W11 5>> ab`*Z ]`SZqWS ˙1VW*`*gSp `-*ZSO 4*gSS +l1/SZ1ZZmf *gSy \ WSV,S/*gSS ,a1f e\`Y `*a\,\y /SaV`SYSZ*gSSD ]\aW1/dpkS1 /1aqbSW1bSq +mWS ]\/]Sa*Zm S /`d-S1 ,*3O Zm1 /\VdY1ZbmD \aW1 ab\WnVSf ]\]mb\V SaV\O `1ZSbn ]`1/d+13/1ZSq ,\4ZSV*1b 4*V\Z\Y1`Zmy ,\]`\aB w b\ 31 +mW\ /\abS-Zdb\Hx 65 Y*`b* 6>56 -\/* 1Z1`*WnZmy a1V`1b*`n *Z S dZ aV*4*WB w˙Wq ]`1/d]`13/1ZSq S SaV\`1Z1ZSq `*aS4Y*E `*a\,\y /SaV`SYSZ*gSSE Va1Z\e\+SS S a,q4*ZZ\y a ZSYS Z1b1`]SY\abS Z*`q/d a YZ\-\hSaW1ZZmYS ,*3ZmYS /\-\,\`*O YS S SZab`dY1Zb*YS adk1ab,d1b S ,a1\+l1YWpO kSy -W\+*WnZmy Y1f*ZS4YD 1Y Z1 Y1Z11 YSWO WS\Zm Wp/1y ,\ ,a1Y YS`1 ,a1 1k1 ab`*/*pb \b `*aS4Y*xD \Z1hZ\E 1abn ab`*ZmE -/1 +mWS /\abS-Zdbm \]`1/1W1ZZm1 da]1fS , +\`n+1 a `*aS4Y\Y S /`dO -SYS e\`Y*YS ]`1/d+13/1ZSyD ,a1 31 \ab*O 1baq ,\]`\aB /1yab,Sb1WnZ\ WS Wp/S aY\-WS SaO V\`1ZSbn S4 a,\1-\ a1`/g* ,`*3/1+Zm1 hd,ab,*E
SWS 31 \ZS ]`\ab\ Z*dhSWSan f\`\j\ Sf aV`mO ,*bnH 1V\b\`m1 ahSb*pbE hb\ ]`1/]`SZqbm1 S4O Y1Z1ZSq , Wdhj1Y aWdh*1 ]\Y\-*pb ]`1/\b,`*O bSbn /SaV`SYSZ*gSpE Z\ \ZSE ]\ ,a1y ,S/SY\abSE +1aaSWnZm dab`*ZSbn ]`1/d+13/1ZSqD \h1YdH \b\Yd hb\ /SaV`SYSZ*gSq P ob\ /1yab,S1E V\O b\`\1 Y\31b ]`1aW1/\,*bnaq ]\ 4*V\ZdE , b\ ,`1O Yq V*V ]`1/d+13/1ZSq a,q4*Zm a\ ,4-Wq/*YS S oY\gSqYSE V\b\`m1 Z1 b*V W1-V\ V\Zb`\WS`\,*bn a ]\Y\knp ]`*,SWD *VSY \+`*4\YE Wp+m1 ]\]mbVS dab`*ZSbn ]`1/d+13/1ZSq /\W3Zm +mbn Z*]`*,W1Zm Z1 b\WnV\ Z* ]`1/\b,`*k1ZS1 /SaV`SYSZ*gS\ZZmf /1yab,SyE Z\ S Z* S4Y1Z1ZS1 YmjW1ZSq S hd,ab, Wp/1y ]\ \bZ\j1ZSp V \]`1/1W1ZZmY -`d]]*YD \4Y\3Z\ WS ob\H 1aWS /*E b\ V*VH ˙*,*yb1 `*aaY\b`SY Z1aV\WnV\ ]`SY1`\, S4 3S4ZSE V\b\O `m1 ]\V*4m,*pbE hb\ Wp/qY ]\/ aSWd S4Y1ZSbnO ‹ aqD m b*V31 d,S/SYE hb\ Y\31b , ob\Y ]\Y\hnD ) ˚ ˙ ˚ & ˚˙ ˚˝˙˚ ) SZ/*B ) `\/SW*an , ( D a1 b1YZ\V\3S1 p3Z\*e`SV*Zgm V*4*WSan YZ1 Wp/nYS ,b\`\-\ a\`b*E Z1\+`*4\,*ZZmYSE Z1Z*/13ZmYSE -\/ZmO YS WSjn /Wq b\-\E hb\+m ]`SaWd3S,*bn +1WmYD ) ]\]*W* , W\,djVd ]`1/d+13/1ZSy S /*31 Z1 /\-*/m,*W*an \+ ob\YD \ V\-/* q Z*h*W* S4dh*bn S+WSpE Y\1 \bZ\j1ZS1 ab*W\ Y1ZqbnaqD ) d4Z*O W*E hb\ w \- Z1WSg1]`Sqb1Zx S hb\ a1`/g1 ,*3O Z11 g,1b* V\3S S q4mV*E Z* V\b\`\Y Ym -\,\`SY L˙1qZSq 5>B78E 79C `SbhS 5;B7MD W\,* S4 SO WS]]Syg*Y 6B7 ]\Y\-WS YZ1 d,S/1bnE hb\ 1aWS q +d/d ahSb*bn /`d-Sf ,mj1 a1+qE b\ aY\-d ]`1O \/\W1bn ]`1/d+13/1ZSqD S+W1yaVS1 ]`SZgS]m ]\+d/SWS Y1Zq ]`\q,Wqbn SZb1`1a V /`d-SY Z1O 4*,SaSY\ \b Sf g,1b* V\3SD ) `*/*E hb\ \a,\+\/SO W*an S4 V*]V*Z* ]`1/d+13/1ZSyD *yVWB `*y\Z1E -/1 q ,m`\aE 3SWS , \aZ\,O Z\Y +1Wm1 *,ab`*WSygmE S d Y1Zq `*4,SW\an 5 ( ) 6>57
5
w) `*/*E hb\ \a,\+\/SW*an S4 V*]V*Z* ]`1/d+13/1ZSyx L SZ/*M
w) d,S/1WE V*V V Wp/qY \bZ\aSbaq \-x L *yVWM
aSWnZ\1 ]`1/d+13/1ZS1 V *4S*b*YE \a\+1ZZ\ V VSb*yg*YD ˚aWS q 1f*W Z* Y*jSZ1 S ,S/1W h1O W\,1V* *4S*baV\y ,Z1jZ\abSE q a`*4d 31 \]daV*W ab1VW\ S V`Sh*W hb\Ob\ ,`\/1B w +S`*yaq , a,\p 4SpIx \ ]\4/Z11E V\-/* q Z*h*W S4dh*bn S+O WSpE q d,S/1WE V*V V Wp/qY \bZ\aSbaq \-D Z Wp+Sb ,a1f Z14*,SaSY\ \b Sf ,Z1jZ\abS S ]`\O Saf\3/1ZSqD 'b\ 4*b`\ZdW\ Y\1 a1`/g1E S Z* Y1ab\ Z1Z*,SabS ]`SjW* Wp+\,nD a]mb*bn ]\O /\+Zm1 S4Y1Z1ZSq P ob\ hb\Ob\ ]\b`qa*pk11I 1yh*a q a +\WnjSY d/\,\Wnab,S1Y \+k*pan a Wp/nYS S4 `*4Zmf ab`*ZE a*Y\-\ `*4Z\-\ ]`\O Saf\3/1ZSqD *V\1 \+k1ZS1 `*ajS`q1b Y\y V`dO -\4\` S ]`SZ\aSb YZ\-\ `*/\abSD *Z/`*B \q Y*Y* ,m`\aW* , Z1+\Wnj\Y ZS-1O `SyaV\Y -\`\/1 , jb*b1 ˙1Wnb*D ]*]SZ* a1Ynq S4 jb*b* '/\E -/1 -\,\`qb Z* q4mV1 Sj*ZD 4O4* b*VSf `*4WShSy Y*Y* /\ a*Y\y aY1`bS ab*WVS,*O W*an a ]\ab\qZZmYS S4/1,*b1Wnab,*YS a\ ab\`\O Zm `\/ab,1ZZSV\, Y\1-\ \bg*D \ob\Yd q ]\VWqO W*anE hb\ Z1 +d/d SY1bn ZSh1-\ \+k1-\ a b1YSE Vb\ -\,\`Sb Z* q4mV1 Sj*ZE S Z1 ,my/d 4*O Yd3 4* h1W\,1V* S4 jb*b* '/\D \ V\-/* q Z*h*O W* S4dh*bn S+WSpE q ]\aY\b`1W* Z* ,a1 a /`d-\y
6
˝˚ ) " )
ab\`\ZmD 4 S+WSS q d4Z*W*E hb\ \- Z1WSg1O ]`Sqb1Z S hb\ 1Yd d-\/1Z V*3/myE Vb\ ]`\q,WqO 1b +W*-\b,\`Zmy ab`*f ]1`1/ ZSYD \ob\Yd q ]\O /dY*W*B w b\ q b*V*qE hb\+m Z1Z*,S/1bn Wp/1y S4O4* Sf q4mV* SWS ]`SZ*/W13Z\abS V V*V\YdO b\ ]W1Y1ZSHx ) S4Y1ZSW* a,\S ,4-Wq/m S ]\YSO `SW*an a a1Yn1y \bg*D `SY1Z1ZS1 +S+W1yaVSf ]`SZgS]\, ]`SZ1aW\ YZ1 ah*abn1 S ]\/*`SW\ YS` , a1`/g1D 'b\ b*V31 ]\Y\-W\ YZ1 ]\//1`3SO ,*bn f\`\jS1 \bZ\j1ZSq a /`d-SYS Z14*,SaSY\ \b Sf ]`\Saf\3/1ZSqE `*amE q4mV* S Z*gS\Z*WnO Z\abSD d-*/*yb1E 4* V\-\ q ,mjW* 4*Yd3H ˛* h1O W\,1V* S4 jb*b* '/\E V\b\`my -\,\`Sb Z* q4mV1 Sj*ZI \h1Yd S+WSq aY\-W* ]\Y\hn obSY S YZ\-SY /`d-SY Wp/qY ]`1\/\W1bn -Wd+\V\ dV\`1ZS,jSO 1aq Z1Z*,Sabn S ]`1/d+13/1ZSqH \b\Yd hb\ S+WSq P ob\ W\,\ \-*D Z* \+W*/*1b aSW\y S4Y1Zqbn YmjW1ZS1 S hd,ab,* Wp/1yD \W11 b\O
w `SY1Z1ZS1 +S+W1yaVSf ]`SZgS]\, ]`SZ1aW\ YZ1 ah*abn1 S ]\/*`SW\ YS` , a1`/g1x L *Z/`*M
‹ -\E , S+WSS \+lqaZq1baqE hb\ 1k1 Z1\+f\/SY\E hb\+m ]\W\3Sbn V\Z1g ,a1Y ]`1/d+13/1ZSqYD ˝&˚ ˝ ˚ ˚ ˚˙ ˚˝˙˚ ) \bq +S+W1yaVS1 4Z*ZSq ]\Y\-*pb V\Zb`\WSO `\,*bn aSWnZm1 oY\gSS S +\`\bnaq a ZSYSE 1abn 1k1 /,1 ]`\+W1YmE V\b\`m1 Zd3Z\ `1jSbnE hb\O +m Z*,a1-/* ]\W\3Sbn V\Z1g ]`1/d+13/1ZSqYD \O]1`,mfE ob\ -`1f S h1W\,1h1aV\1 Z1a\,1`j1ZO ab,\D S+WSS qaZ\ aV*4*Z\B w 1b h1W\,1V*E V\O b\`my +m Z1 -`1jSWx L5 *`1y <B8:MD \ob\YdE /*31 1aWS Ym Z*ab`\1Zm ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\E d ,a1f Z*a ]`\Saf\/Sb ,Zdb`1ZZqq +\`n+*E \ V\O b\`\y -\,\`SW *]\ab\W *,1WB w \-/* f\hd /1W*bn ]`*,SWnZ\1E \+Z*`d3S,*1baq ,\ YZ1 4W\1x L SYO WqZ*Y ;B65MD 4 ob\-\ ,S/Z\E hb\ ,`1Yq \b ,`1Y1O ZS , Z*j1Y Z1a\,1`j1ZZ\Y a1`/g1 +d/db ]\q,O Wqbnaq w4Wm1 YmaWSxE V\b\`m1 Y\-db ,mWSbnaq , ]`1/d+13/1ZSq L *`V* ;B65MD \O,b\`mfE ob\ ,WSqZS1 *b*Zm ˙nq,\W*D S+O WSq Z*4m,*1b 1-\ d+Syg1y S -\,\`SbE hb\ \Z ,,\O /Sb w, 4*+Wd3/1ZS1 ,ap \+Sb*1Ydp 41YWpx L bO
V`\,1ZS1 56B=C \*ZZ* <B88MD 'b\ \+lqaZq1bE ]\h1Yd a1-\/Zq ]`1/d+13/1ZSq b*V `*a]`\ab`*O Z1Zm S ]\h1Yd h1W\,1h1ab,\ \V*4m,*1baq ab\Wn +1a]\Y\kZmY ]1`1/ WSg\Y e*Z*bS4Y*E /SaV`SO YSZ*gSSE -1Z\gS/* S ]1`1/ /`d-SYS ]`\q,W1ZSO qYS `*a\,\yE `1WS-S\4Z\y S a\gS*WnZ\y Z1b1`O ]SY\abSD *VSY \+`*4\YE ]`13/1 h1Y a ]`1/d+13/1O ZSqYS +d/1b ]\WZ\abnp ]\V\Zh1Z\E Z1\+f\/SY\ dab`*ZSbn h1W\,1h1aVSy -`1f S Z1a\,1`j1Zab,\E * b*V31 ,WSqZS1 *b*Zm ˙nq,\W*D 4 S+WSS ,S/Z\E hb\ SY1ZZ\ ob\ S a/1W*1b *`ab,\ \-*D
Sada `Sab\a dhSW a,\Sf ]\aW1/\,*b1W1y Y\O WSbnaq \-d b*VSYS aW\,*YSB w dabn ]`S/1b b,\1 g*`ab,\D dabn b,\q ,\Wq +d/1b S Z* 41YW1E V*V Z* Z1+1x L *be1q :B5>MD ]\Y\knp *`ab,* \-* +d/1b dab`*Z1Z* Wp+*q Z1a]`*,1/WS,\abnE ,VWpO h*q ,a1 e\`Ym Z1b1`]SY\abS S ]`1/d+13/1ZSyD \-/* *`ab,\ \-* ]`S/1b S ,\4nY1b ]`\Saf\O /qk11 Z* 41YW1 ]\/ a,\y V\Zb`\WnE *b*Z* +dO /1b a,q4*ZE SWS WSj1Z ,aqV\-\ ,WSqZSqE hb\+m \Z +\Wnj1 ZSV\-/* Z1 aY\- ,,1abS w, 4*+Wd3/1O ZS1 Z*`\/mx L bV`\,1ZS1 6>B6E 7MD \-/* +d/1b wZ\,*q 41YWqx P SWS h1W\,1h1aV\1 \+k1ab,\EP Z* V\b\`\y w+d/1b \+Sb*bn ]`*,1/Z\abnx L6 1bO `* 7B57M1D 1E Vb\ +d/1b ]`SZ*/W13*bn V ob\Yd ]`*,1/Z\O Yd h1W\,1h1aV\Yd \+k1ab,dE ]\Wdh*b a\,1`j1ZO ab,\ S a,\+\/d \b -`1f* L SYWqZ*Y <B65MD *V ]\//*ZZm1 \3n1-\ *`ab,*E \ZS wZ1 +d/db ]`SO hSZqbn ,`1/* S Z1 +d/db ZSh1-\ `*4`dj*bnxD \O h1YdH w \b\Yd hb\ 41YWq +d/1b Z*]\WZ1Z* 4Z*ZSO qYS \+ 1-\,1x L a*Sq 55B=MD b\ ,`1Yq ,a1 Wp/S Z*dh*baq ]dbqY 1-\,m \-* S +d/db ]\/`*3*bn 1-\ ]`1V`*aZmY V*h1ab,*YD \-/* Z*ab*Z1b V\Z1g ,a1Y ]`1/d+13/1ZSqYE w]\b\Yd hb\ Z1b WSg1]`SO qbSq d \-*x L SYWqZ*Y 6B55MD ˇ 1 \Wnj1 SZe\`Y*gSS \ \3n1Y *`ab,1 S \ 1-\ +d/dkSf /\abS31ZSqf Y\3Z\ Z*ybS , 7E < S =Oy -W*,*f VZS-S w 1Yd Z* a*Y\Y /1W1 dhSb S+WSqHxD 4/*Z* ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,mD
5 ( ) 6>57
7
˝ • ˚ &
1-\,* Z1WSg1]`Sqb1Z b*Z\,SWSan WS ,m V\-/*OZS+d/n 31`b,\y /SaVO `SYSZ*gSSH Wdh*W\an WSE hb\ ,*Y \bV*4m,*WS , ]`\an+1 SWS daWd-1 WS+\ V*VSYOb\ /`d-SY \+O `*4\Y dZS3*WS ,*j1 /\ab\SZab,\ S4O4* ,*j1O -\ g,1b* V\3SE Z*gS\Z*WnZ\abS SWS a\gS*WnZ\-\ ]\W\31ZSqH ˚aWS /*E b\ ,m Z1 \/SZ\VSD f\O bq b*V\1 \bZ\j1ZS1 `*a]`\ab`*Z1Z\ a`1/S WpO /1yE db1j*1b b\E hb\ d \-* a\,1`j1ZZ\ /`d-\y ,4-Wq/D 14 b1ZS a\YZ1ZSq *]\ab\W 1b` aV*O 4*WB w \- Z1WSg1]`Sqb1ZxD L `\hSb*yb1 ˙1qZSq 5>B78E 79DM 1b` ]`\S4Z1a obS aW\,* , V`*yZ1 Z1\+mhZmf \+ab\qb1Wnab,*f P , /\Y1 Z11,`1q ]\ SY1ZS \`ZSWSyD 1b`E V\b\`my +mW 1,`11Y ]\ ]`\O Saf\3/1ZSpE 3SW , b\ ,`1YqE V\-/* 1,`1S ahSO b*WS Wp/1y S4 /`d-Sf Z*`\/\, Z1hSabmYS S ]\oO b\Yd Z1 \+k*WSan a ZSYSD \h1Yd 31 1b` ,/`d- \V*4*Waq , /\Y1 \`ZSWSqH 'bd ,ab`1O hd dab`\SW a*Y 1-\,*I 1b` ]\WdhSW ,S/1ZS1 \b \-*E , V\b\`\Y 1Yd +mW\ aV*4*Z\B w ]`1/n Z1 Z*4m,*y \aV,1`Z1ZZmY b\E hb\ \- \hSabSWxD 1b` Z1 4Z*WE hb\ /Z1Y `*Znj1 \`ZSWSy b\O 31 ]\WdhSW ,S/1ZS1E , V\b\`\Y *Z-1W ]\+dO /SW 1-\ ]`S-W*aSbn 1b`* , a,\y /\Y L˙1qZSq 5>B5P59MD \-/* 1b` ]\ZqWE hb\ ,a1 ob\ ]`\O S4\jW\ ]\ ,\W1 1-\,mE \Z Z1 Y\- Y\Wh*bnD w \SabSZ1 ,S3dEP aV*4*W 1b`EP hb\ \Z1WSg1]`Sqb1Zx L˙1qZSq 5>B78MD ˙`1,Z1-`1h1aO V\1 aW\,\E V\b\`\1 Y\3Z\ ]1`1,1abS V*V wWSO g1]`SqbZmyxE +dV,*WnZ\ \4Z*h*1b wb\bE Vb\ ]`SO ZSY*1b WSg*xD \b V*V \+lqaZq1b ob\ aW\,\ \/SZ +S+W1SabB w Z\ \bZ\aSbaq V ad/n1E V\b\O `my aY\b`Sb Z* WSg\ h1W\,1V* S ,mZ\aSb `1j1O ZS1 Z1 Z* \aZ\,*ZSS e*Vb\,E * Saf\/q S4 WShO Z\y aSY]*bSS SWS *ZbS]*bSS V h1W\,1VdxD \- Z1 ]`1/]\hSb*1b \/Z\ WSg\ /`d-\Yd Z* \aZ\,*ZSS `*amE Z*gS\Z*WnZ\abSE a\gS*WnZ\-\ ]\W\31ZSq SWS V*VSfOWS+\ /`d-Sf ,Z1jZSf ]`S4Z*V\,D
8
˝˚ ) " )
‹ 1-\,* \+`*k*1b ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* b\E hb\ , Z*j1Y a1`/g1 L5 *YdSW* 5:B;C `SbhS 65B6MD 1b` b*V31 aV*4*WB w \ ,aqV\Y Z*`\/1 +\O qkSyaq 1-\ S ]\abd]*pkSy ]`*,1/Z\ d-\/1Z 1Ydx L˙1qZSq 5>B79MD \qbnaq \-* P 4Z*hSb d,*3*bn S hbSbn 1-\E * b*V31 /\,1`qbn 1YdE S4O +1-*q ,a1-\E hb\ 1-\ \-\`h*1bD \abd]*bn ]`*O ,1/Z\ P 4Z*hSb \f\bZ\ /1W*bn b\E hb\ ]`*,SWnO Z\ , -W*4*f \-*D 1-\,d `*/dpb Wp/SE hnS a1`/g* Sa]\WZ1Zm +W*-\-\,1yZmY ab`*f\YE V\O b\`my ]\+d3/*1b Sf ]\abd]*bn ]`*,SWnZ\ L b\O `\4*V\ZS1 5>B56E 57MD
\-/* 1-\,* aY\b`Sb a Z1+1aE \Z ,S/Sb b\WnV\ \/Zd `*ad P h1W\,1h1aVdp ˚aWS ,m V\-/*OZS+d/n ab*Z\,SWSan 31`b,\y /SaV`SYSZ*gSS SWS ]`1/d+13/1ZSqE aW\,* 1bO `*E Z1a\YZ1ZZ\E ,*a db1j*bD 1-\,* ]`S,W1O V*1b V SabSZZ\Yd ]\VW\Z1ZSp Wp/1y S4 ,a1f Z*`\/\, L \*ZZ* :B88C ˙1qZSq 5;B6:E 6;MD Z aWdj*1b Y\WSb,m a,\Sf aWd3Sb1W1y S \b,1h*O 1b Z* Sf ]`\an+mE Z14*,SaSY\ \b Sf `*amE Z*gSO \Z*WnZ\abS SWS a\gS*WnZ\-\ ]\W\31ZSq L5 *O `1y <B85P87MD \3Z\ +mbn d,1`1ZZmYE hb\E V\-/* 1-\,* aY\b`Sb a Z1+1aE \Z ,S/Sb b\WnV\ \/Zd `*ad P h1W\,1h1aVdpD *4,1 Z1 f\b1W\an +m ,*Y +\Wnj1 d4Z*bn \ b*V\Y Z1WSg1]`SqbZ\Y \-1H ˇ
˚ ˚ ˙ ˚ ˚ ˚ ˚ ( ˚
\*ZZ* 5; P ˙1qZSq 5>
\V`\,Sk1 S4 -Wd+SZm ,1V\, ab\`SV Z1 Y\31b ]\,1`Sbn a,\SY -W*O 4*YD Z ,a1 aZ\,* S aZ\,* bk*b1WnZ\ SaaW1/d1b /`1,ZSy b1VabD bSWn ]SanY* S -`*YY*bSV* Z1 \ab*,Wqpb ZSV*VSf a\YZ1ZSyB ]1`1/ ZSY e`*-Y1Zbm /`1,Z1yj1-\ ]1`1,\/* S+WSS Z* -`d4SZaV\Y q4mV1I
a\V`\,Sk1 +mW\ Z*y/1Z\ , V\Zg1 /1V*O ' +`q 5=66 -\/*E V\-/* *V*/1YSV ,*Zo Ë&#x2122;3*O ,*fSj,SWS S4dh*W Sab\`Sp -`d4SZaV\-\ *We*O ,Sb*D Ë&#x161;Yd , `dVS ]\]*W* V\]Sq 1`da*WSYaV\O -\ *WYd/*D *aaY*b`S,*q 1-\E \Z \+Z*`d3SW ]\/ 1,`1yaVSY b1Vab\Y h*abShZ\ ab1`bm1 -`dO 4SZaVS1 ]SanY1Z*1D *V \V*4*W\anE ]\/ b1Vab\Y *WYd/* +mW* aV`mb* h*abn +S+W1yaV\y VZS-S 1`1YSS P V\]SqE /*bS`\,*ZZ*q V ,1V\Y ZD oD Ë&#x2122;\ ob\y Z*O f\/VS a*Y\y ab*`\y S+WS1y Z* -`d4SZaV\Y q4mV1 ahSb*W*an `dV\]San IX ,1V* ZD oD aV\`1 +mWS Z*y/1Zm h*abS /`d-Sf +S+W1yaVSf VZS-D 'bS V\]SS +mWS a/1W*Zm , V ,1V1 ZD oD SWS /*31 `*Z11D \WnV\ ]`1/ab*,nb1 g1ZZ\abn ob\y Z*f\/VSI 1/n \b ,`1Y1Z Sada* `Sab* S 1-\ *]\ab\W\, obS `dV\]SaS \b/1WqW\ ,a1-\ Z1O aV\WnV\ ab\W1bSyD b\ 31 a/1W*W ob\b ]1`1,\/H mW WS ob\ \/SZ h1W\,1V SWSE Y\31bE -`d]]* ]`1/*ZZmf a,\1O 1 /`1,Z\abS ]SahS1 Y*b1`S*Wm +mWS `1/VSYS S /\`\O -\ab\qkSYSD \ob\Yd h*ab\ a `dV\]SaS a\aV*+WS,*WS ab*O `my b1Vab S Sa]\Wn4\,*WS Y*b1`S*W ]\,b\`Z\D *VS1 `dO V\]SaS Z*4m,*pbaq ]*WSY]a1ab*YS L\b -`1h1aV\-\ aW\,*E \4Z*h*pk1-\ w,Z\,n a\aV\+W1ZZmyxMD 5 The Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford [Ms.Georg.c.1(P) Verso]; inset: National Archives of Georgia
Yd /1Wd ]1`1,\/hSV\,H * a1-\/ZqjZSy /1Zn Z1b ZSV*VSf Sab\`Sh1aVSf a,S/1b1Wnab, Z* ob\b ah1bD *V +m b\ ZS +mW\E qaZ\E hb\ S+WSq SWS ]\ V`*yZ1y Y1`1 \b/1WnZm1 11 h*abS +mO WS ]1`1,1/1Zm Z* -`d4SZaVSy q4mV Z1 ]\4/Z11 IV ,1V*E * 4Z*hSbE d31 b\-/* \3n1 W\,\ +mW\ /\abd]Z\ SWS S4,1abZ\ -`d4SZaV\Yd Z*`\/d Z* `\/Z\Y q4mV1D \E Z*aV\WnV\ f\`\j\ -`d4SZaVSy Z*`\/ +mW 4Z*V\Y a\ ,qk1ZZmY Sa*ZS1YE ,S/Z\ S4 VZS-S w dh1ZSh1ab,\ a,qb\y g*`Sgm "dj*O ZSVxE a\ab*,W1ZZ\yE ,1`\qbZ\E ,\ ,b\`\y ]\W\O ,SZ1 V ,1V*D ]Sam,*q b`*-Sh1aVdp Sab\O `Sp g*`SgmE *,b\` ]`S,\/Sb gSb*bm S 4*O SYab,d1b \+`*4m S4 a*WY\,E Ë&#x161;,*Z-1WSy S /`dO -Sf h*ab1y S+WSSD Z b*V31 `*aaV*4m,*1bE hb\E ab*`*qan 4*/\+`Sbn ]1`aS/aVSf e1\/*W\,E Yd3 "dj*ZSVE *`aV1ZE ]`*,Sb1Wn -`d4SZaV\O -\ g*`ab,* *`bWSE ]1`1j1W S4 wf`SabS*Zab,*x , `*a]`\ab`*Z1ZZmy , 1`aSS 4\`\*ab`S4Y S ]\b`1+\,*W b\-\ 31 \b a,\1y 31ZmD \-W*aZ\ d]\YqZdb\y ,mj1 VZS-1E \Z* \bV*4*W*an Y1O Zqbn a,\S d+13/1ZSq S , ]\aW1/ZS1 -\/m a,\1y 3S4ZS h1`]*W* db1j1ZS1 S4 S+WSSD 5 ( ) 6>57
9
˝&˚ ) ˛ • ShZ\1 SYq w 1-\,*x LZ* /`1,Z11,`1yaV\Y 565 ME V\b\`mY \- Z*4m,*1b a1+q , S+WSSE ]\q,Wq1baq , `dV\]Saqf Z* q4mV1 \`S-SZ*W* \V\W\ ; >>> `*4D \WnjSZab,\ -`d4SZaVSf ]1`1,\/hSV\, 4*Y1ZSWS ob\ SYq bSbdW\Y w \a]\/nxD \ SZb1`1aZ\E hb\ , ]`SW\31ZSS V S+WSS *+mE \+lqaZqq 4Z*h1ZS1 SY1ZS Sada*E `+1WS*ZS Z*]Sa*WB w•1a1aB \b /`1,Z11,`1yaV\-\ •1\,* P \a]\/n a]*aSb1WnxD ah*abnpE \3n1 SYqE 1-\,*E 4*ZqW\ a,\1 4*V\ZZ\1 Y1ab\ , w ,qk1ZZ\Y Sa*ZSS P 1`1,\/1 Z\,\-\ YS`*x Z* -`d4SZaV\Y q4mV1E ,m]dk1ZZ\Y ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,m , 6>>: -\/dD
National Center of Manuscripts
*hSZ*q a V ,1V* `*+\b* ]\ ]1`1,\/d S ]1O `1]Sam,*ZSp -`d4SZaV\y S+WSSE \h1,S/Z\E Z1 ]`1V`*k*W*anD /\V*4*b1Wnab,\Y b\Yd aWdO 3Sb \-`\YZ\1 V\WSh1ab,\ +S+W1yaVSf `dV\]SO a1y Z* -`d4SZaV\Y q4mV1D ˙*,*yb1 \+`*bSYaq V /,dY -W*,*Y ob\y 4*f,*bm,*pk1y Sab\`SS P Sab\`SS ]1`1,\/* S S4/*ZSq S+WSSD ' ˚• ˚ ˚ ˙
w)E 1\`-SyE aYS`1ZZmy Y\Z*fE ]1`1,1W obd VZS-d a*WY\, a Z\,\-`1h1aV\-\ Z* -`d4SZO aVSy a ,1WSVSY ]`SW13*ZS1Y S da1`/S1YxD 'b\ aW\,* Y\Z*f* XI ,1V* 1\`-Sq b*gYSZ/1O WSE S4,1abZ\-\ b*V31 V*V 1\`-Sy e\ZaVSyD ˛*h1Y 31 ]\Z*/\+SW\an ]1`1,\/Sbn S+WSp Z* -`d4SZaVSy q4mVE 1aWS ]1`1,\/ Z* ob\Y q4mV1 adk1ab,\,*W d31 Z1aV\WnV\ ab\W1bSyH XI ,1Vd a\f`*ZSW\an a\,a1Y Z1YZ\-\ `dV\O ]Sa1y -`d4SZaV\y S+WSSD 1V\b\`m1 VZS-S +mWS +14,\4,`*bZ\ db1`qZmD `\Y1 b\-\E q4mV a\ ,`1Y1Z1Y S4Y1ZSWaqE ]\ob\Yd Wp/qY +mW\ b`d/Z\ ]\ZSY*bn +\W11 `*ZZS1 ]1`1,\/mD \bq /`d-S1 ]1`1,\/hSVS b\31 ]mb*WSan ,\4`\/Sbn -`d4SZaVdp S+WSpE 1\`-Sy am-`*W , ob\Y /1W1 VWph1,dp `\WnD Z a,1`SW adk1ab,\,*,O jS1 -`d4SZaVS1 ]1`1,\/m a -`1h1aVSYS `dO V\]SaqYS S ]1`1,1W Z1/\ab*pkS1 h*abS S /*O 31 g1Wm1 VZS-SD ˙Z1Y \Z b`d/SWaq V*V Z*ab\qO b1Wn Y\Z*abm`qE * ]\ ,1h1`*Y ]1`1,\/SW S+O WSpD
10
˝˚ ) " )
\,`1Y1ZZSV 1\`-Sq ˚e`1Y gS`1E \]S`*O qan Z* 1-\ `*+\bmE ]\j1W 1k1 /*Wnj1D ZE ]\ adbSE a\ab*,SW `dV\,\/ab,\ /Wq ]1`1,\/hSV\,D Z1Y a\/1`3*WSan \aZ\,Zm1 ]`SZgS]m ]1O `1,\/*E b*VS1 V*V `*+\b* a q4mV\Y \`S-SZ*W*E V\-/* ob\ ,\4Y\3Z\E S b1aZ\1 aW1/\,*ZS1 SaO f\/Z\Yd b1VabdE Z\ Z1 , dk1`+ 1ab1ab,1ZZ\abSD Z b*V31 ,,1W ]`*VbSVd Sa]\Wn4\,*ZSq aZ\O a\V S ]`SY1h*ZSy Z* ]\Wqf , -`d4SZaVSf ]1O `1,\/*fD ˚e`1Y 4*Z\,\ ]1`1,1W Z1aV\WnV\ +S+O W1yaVSf VZS-D `d/m 1\`-Sq S ˚e`1Y* 4*W\O 3SWS ]`\hZ\1 \aZ\,*ZS1 /Wq /*WnZ1yj1y `*O +\bm ]1`1,\/hSV\,D W1/dpk11 ab\W1bS1 \4Z*Y1Z\,*W\an , `dO 4SS `*ag,1b\Y WSb1`*bd`mD -\`\/*f 1W*O bS S V*Wb\ +mWS \aZ\,*Zm *V*/1YSSD \WnO jSZab,\ Sab\`SV\, ahSb*pbE hb\ 1W*baV*q S+WSqE V\b\`*q , Z*ab\qk11 ,`1Yq f`*ZSbO aq , `d4SZaV\Y Z*gS\Z*WnZ\Y g1Zb`1 `dV\O ]Sa1yEP ob\ a\,1`j1ZZ\ Z\,my ]1`1,\/ S+O WSSE a/1W*ZZmy , 1W*bS SWS V*Wb\D *V\y ,VW*/ ,Z1aWS obS +S+W1yaVS1 ]1`1,\O /m , VdWnbd`d -`d4SZaV\-\ Z*`\/*H XII ,1V1 -`d4SZaVSy ]\ob "\b* dab*,1WS Z*]Sa*W ]\oO Yd w Sbq4n , bS-`\,\y jVd`1x L 1]fSabV*\a*O ZSME V\b\`*q , b1h1ZS1 YZ\-Sf ,1V\, \+W*/*W* b*VSY Y\kZmY ,WSqZS1YE hb\ 11 ab*WS Z*4mO ,*bn ,b\`\y -`d4SZaV\y S+WS1yD `d4SZaVSy WSb1`*bd`\,1/ XX ab\W1bSq \`Z1WSy 1V1O WS/41 \bY1h*1bE hb\ , a,\1Y ]`\S4,1/1ZSS dO
ab*,1WS Z1`1/V\ \+`*k*1baq V S+WSS S +S+O W1yaVSY \+`*4*YE /*31 V\-/* Z*]`qYdp Z1 gSbS`d1b S4 Z11D \bq ob* ]\oY* Y\31b ]\V*O 4*bnaq aWSjV\Y S/1*WSabShZ\yE , Z1y ]\ob \+O `*k*1baq V b*VSY Z1S4Y1ZZmY b1Y*YE V*V Z*ab\qk*q /`d3+*E k1/`\abnE d,*31ZS1 V 31ZO kSZ*Y S +1aV\`mabZ*q Wp+\,n V hd3141Yg*YD 'bS S /`d-S1 g1ZZ\abSE ,4qbm1 S4 S+WSSE ]\O ,WSqWS Z* dYm Z1aV\WnVSf ]\V\W1ZSy -`d4SZO aV\-\ Z*`\/*D ZS S ]\ a1y /1Zn \ab*pbaq 1-\ Z`*,ab,1ZZmYS S/1*W*YSD
˛ \-/* f`SabS*Zab,\ ]`SO jW\ , `d4SpH S \/SZ /\ab\,1`Zmy a,1baVSy Sab\hZSV Z1 /*1b h1bV\-\ \b,1b* Z* ob\b ,\]`\aD
1Y Z1 Y1Z11 , VZS-1 ˙1qZSq d]\YSZ*1baqE hb\ a`1/S b1fE Vb\ ,\ ,`1Yq qbS/1aqbZSgm 77 -\/* ZD oD daWmj*W , 1`da*O WSY1 +W*-dp ,1abnE +mWS Sd/1S SWS ]`\41WSbm S4 \Zb*D \ ,\4,`*k1ZSS /\Y\y \ZSE ,\4Y\3Z\E ]`SZ1aWS a a\+\y f`SabSO *ZaVdp ,1abnD h1,S/Z\E V :6 -\/d ZD oD , \Zb1 d31 adk1ab,\,*WS f`SO abS*ZaVS1 a\+`*ZSqD ]1`,\Y ,1V1 \Zb\Y Z*4m,*Waq `1-S\Z , a1O ,1`\O,\ab\hZ\y h*abS a\,`1Y1ZZ\y d`gSS P V*V `*4 Z* -`*ZSg1 a `dO 4S1y L˙1qZSq 6B=C 5 1bO `* 5B5MD
˛ )
*y\Z /`1,Z1-\ \Zb*
1`da*WSY
˛˙ ˚ P ˙˚ • ˝
V\Zg1 XVII ,1V* g*`aV*q a1Ynq `d4SS 4*O f\b1W* Z*]1h*b*bn S+WSpD ˙Wq ob\-\ g*`n *fb*Z- VI ]\ab`\SW bS]\-`*eSp , ab\WSg1 `d4SSE +SWSaSD /Z*V\ b1Vab S+WSS ]\V* Z1 +mW -\b\, /Wq ]1h*bSD `d4SZaV*q S+O WSq , Z1V\b\`\Y aYmaW1 ,Z\,n \V*4*W*an Z1/\O abd]Z\yD Z*WShSS SY1WSan WSjn Z1]\WZm1 `dV\]SaS \b/1WnZmf h*ab1y S+WSSE /* V b\Yd 31 Z*]Sa*ZZm1 Z* d31 dab*`1,j1Y q4mV1D 1O `1aY\b` S ,\aab*Z\,W1ZS1 +S+W1yaV\-\ b1Vab* +mWS ]\`dh1Zm dh1Z\YdOq4mV\,1/dE V\b\`\-\ 4,*WS dWf*Z *+* `+1WS*ZSD `+1WS*ZS ]\/\j1W V `*+\b1 \h1Zn /\+`\O a\,1abZ\D W*/1q Z1aV\WnVSYS q4mV*YSE ,VWpO h*q -`1h1aVSy S W*bSZaVSyE \Z Y\- a,1`qbnaq a `*4ZmYS Sab\hZSV*YS , /\]\WZ1ZS1 V d31 SY1,jSYaq `dV\]SaqY Z* -`d4SZaV\Y q4mV1D \ 1-\ jS`\VS1 ,4-Wq/m Z1 ,ab`1bSWS \/\O +`1ZSq `d4SZaV\y ]`*,\aW*,Z\y g1`V,SD ˙dO f\,1Zab,\ \+,SZSW\ 1-\ , ]`1/*b1Wnab,1 S d+1/SW\ g*`q \ab*Z\,Sbn `*+\bd Z*/ obSY ]1O `1,\/\YD \-W*aZ\ Z1V\b\`mY -`d4SZaVSY SaO b\hZSV*YE Z* g1`V\,Z\Y a\+\`1 /df\,1Zab,\ 4*ab*,SW\ `+1WS*ZS a31hn S+WSpE Z*/ V\b\O `\y \Z b`d/SWaq ab\WnV\ W1bI b\Sb \bY1bSbnE hb\ /\ Z*jSf /Z1y a\f`*O ZSWaq oV41Y]Wq` gf1baV\y `dV\]SaSE S4,1abO Z\y b*V31 V*V S+WSq *+mE , V\b\`\y a\/1`O 3*baq V\YY1Zb*`SSE a/1W*ZZm1 `dV\y a*Y\O -\ `+1WS*ZSD /Z*V\ Z1V\b\`m1 a\YZ1,*pbO aqE hb\ ob\ SY1ZZ\ b* S+WSqE ]`\bS, V\b\`\y +\`\W\an /df\,1Zab,\D d,1`1ZZ\abnp Y\3Z\ aV*4*bn WSjn b\E hb\ `+1WS*ZS Z*]Sa*W ]`SO W\31ZS1 V ob\y S+WSSD 1aY\b`q Z* b`d/Z\abSE Z1V\b\`m1 hW1Zm g*`aV\y a1YnS +mWS ]\WZm `1jSY\abS S4/*bn S+WSpD 5;>9 ]\ 5;55 -\/ +mWS Z*]1h*O b*Zm \b/1WnZm1 +S+W1yaVS1 VZS-SD *V\Z1g , 5;87 -\/d daSWSqYS -`d4SZaVSf g*`1,Sh1y *O V*`* S *fdjbS ,mjW* ]\WZ*q S+WSqD 1]1`n ob\ a\V`\,Sk1 Z1,\4Y\3Z\ +mW\ db*SbnI ˇ 5 ( ) 6>57
11
d3Z\ WS Y\WSbnaq a,qbmYH S4 Z*a , b`d/Zdp YSZdbd Z1 \kdk*W ]\b`1+Z\abS ]\]`\aSbn \ ]\Y\kSH 4*O ,SaSY\abS \b ]`ShSZm +1a]\V\yab,*E YmE aV\`11 ,a1-\E 4*f\bSY \+`*bSbnaq V a\hd,O ab,dpk1Yd /`d-dE d V\b\`\-\ 1abn \]mb , `1O j1ZSS b*V\-\ `\/* ]`\+W1YD \h1b*ZS1 \]mO b* S \b4m,hS,\abS /1W*1b ob\-\ /`d-* ]\SaO bSZ1 +1ag1ZZmYD \ 31 a*Y\1 Z1V\b\`m1 Y\-db hd,ab,\,*bn , \bZ\j1ZSS Y\WSb,D Y1ab\ b\-\ hb\+m \+`*O k*bnaq V \-dE V\b\`\-\ \ZSE ,\4Y\3Z\E ahSO b*pb aWSjV\Y /*W1VSY S Z1]`Sabd]ZmYE SY W1-h1 Z*]`*,Sbn a,\S ]`\an+m \/Z\Yd S4 a,qO bmfD Y V*31baqE hb\ a,qbm1 Y\-db ]`\q,Sbn +\Wnj1 a\hd,ab,SqE ]\aV\WnVd \ZS ]`1b1`]1O WS Sa]mb*ZSq S b`d/Z\abSE a V\b\`mYS ab*WO VS,*pbaq Wp/S Z* 41YW1D *]`SY1`E \b]`*,O Wqqan , ]dbn SWS \V*4*,jSan , V`*yZ1 bq31W\y aSbd*gSSE Z1V\b\`m1 \+`*k*pbaq V SV\W*p -\/ZSVdD + S4+*,W1ZSS \b Z1/d-\, h*ab\ Y\O Wqbaq *Zb1W1SY\ZdOg1WSb1WpE * 1`-Sq *O /\Z13aV\-\ ]`\aqb \ ]\Y\kS , dh1+1D \ hb\ -\,\`Sbaq , S+WSSH `*,SWnZ\ WS Y\WSbnaq a,qbmYH \aV\WnVd Y\WSb,* P ob\ \+`*k1ZS1 V \-dE Z*Y ,*3Z\ 4Z*bnB aWmjSb WS \Z Z*jS Y\WSb,mH a*Y\1 -W*,Z\1E V*V \- \bZ\aSbaq V b\YdE hb\ Vb\Ob\ Y\WSbaq a,qO bmYH
12
˝˚ ) " )
% ) % D ˛ ˚ )
+mh*y Y\WSbnaq a,qbmY \aZ\,*Z Z* dh1O ZSS \ 4*abd]ZSh1ab,1 a,qbmfD dbn ob\-\ dh1O ZSq Y\3Z\ ,m`*4Sbn b*VB w ZS a,qbm1 WpO /S E 3S,q Z* 41YW1E d-\/SWS \-d a,\1p ]`*O ,1/Z\p 3S4ZnpD b1]1`nE ]`1+m,*q Z* Z1+1 a \-\YE \ZS Y\Wqbaq \ Z*a \-dE ]\Y\-*q Z*YE 3S,dkSY Z* 41YW1x L˛*V\Z \3SyMD *VSY \+`*4\YE Y\Wqan a,qbmYE ,1`dpkS1 Z*/1pbaq \+`1abS \a\+dp +W*-\aVW\ZZ\abnE ]\aV\WnVd obS a,qbm1 Z*f\/qbaq +WS31 V \-dD \//1`3S,*1b WS S+WSq b*Vdp b\hVd 4`1O ZSqH 1V\b\`m1 db,1`3/*pbE hb\ \aZ\,*ZS1 /Wq Y\WSb, a,qbmY Y\3Z\ Z*ybS , ]SanY*f *]\ab\W* *,W*D *]`SY1`E f`SabS*Z*Y , SO Y1 \Z ]Sa*WB w ,1k*p 31 ,*aE +`*bnqE Z*jSY \a]\/\Y Sada\Y `Sab\Y S Wp+\,np /df*E da1`/ab,\,*bn a\ YZ\y , Y\WSb,*f V \-d 4* Y1Zqx L SYWqZ*Y 59B7>MD `\aSW WS *,1W a,\Sf +`*bn1, +mbn 1-\ 4*abd]ZSV*YS ]1`1/ \-\YH 1bD 'bSYS aW\,*YS *,1W ]`\ab\ ]\O V*4*WE hb\ f`SabS*ZSZ Y\31b ]`\aSbn a\,1O `dpkSf Y\WSbnaq 4* Z1-\ \-dD \ Y\WSbnO aq V\YdOb\E Vb\E V*V ahSb*1baqE Z*f\/Sbaq Z* Z1+1a*fE hb\+m \Z ]1`1/*W Z*jd ]`\an+d \O -dEP ob\ d31 a\,a1Y /`d-\1 /1W\D \h1YdH \-W*aZ\ ˚,*Z-1WSp \b \*ZZ*E Sada aV*O 4*WB w) P ]dbnE SabSZ* S 3S4ZnD SVb\ Z1
]`Sf\/Sb V bgd SZ*h1E V*V b\WnV\ h1`14 Y1O Zqx L \*ZZ* 58B:MD Z b*V31 ]\\+1k*WB w b1g /*ab ,*Y ,a1E \ h1Y +m ,m ZS ]\]`\aSWS Ë&#x161;-\ ,\ SYq \1x L \*ZZ* 59B5:E YmaW\,\y ]1`1O ,\/MD Sada Z1 -\,\`SWE hb\ Z*/\ Z*]`*,Wqbn a,\S Y\WSb,m 1YdE * \Z ]\b\Y +d/1b ]`\aSbn 4* Z*a \-*D YmaW 1-\ aW\, , b\YE hb\ Y\WSbnO aq Zd3Z\ \-d S b\WnV\ h1`14 Sada* `Sab*E * Z1 h1`14 V\-\Ob\ /`d-\-\D \-/* ]\aW1/\,*b1WS Sada* ]\]`\aSWS 1-\ Z*dhSbn Sf Y\WSbnaqE \Z aV*4*WB w \-O /* Y\WSb1anE -\,\`Sb1B t b1gE ]dabn a,qbSbaq b,\1 SYqrx L dVS 55B6MD 'b\ 4Z*hSbE hb\ ,aqO VSy `*4E V\-/* Ym Y\WSYaqE Ym /\W3Zm \+O `*k*bnaq Z1 V Sadad SWS V V\YdOZS+d/n 1k1E * V a*Y\Yd \-dD *4,1 ,a1 obS aW\,* SO ada* Z1 ]\V*4m,*pbE hb\ Y\WSb,m Zd3Z\ Z*O ]`*,Wqbn b\WnV\ \-d h1`14 Sada* `SO ab*E * Z1 V*VSYOWS+\ 4*abd]ZSV*Y SWS wa,qO bmYxH \WSb,* P \h1Zn ,*3Z*q h*abn Z*j1-\ ]\O VW\Z1ZSqE * ]\VW\Zqbnaq V\YdOb\E V`\Y1 \-*E ]`\bS,\`1hSb +S+W1yaVSY dh1ZSqY L \*ZZ* 8B67E 68C bV`\,1ZS1 5=B=E 5>MD \b ]\h1Yd Z*O ]`*,Wqbn a,\S Y\WSb,m aW1/d1b b\WnV\ \-dD ) & ) # & ) Ë&#x161;H
*-\`Z\y ]`\]\,1/S Sada a]`\aSW a,\O Sf aWdj*b1W1yB 1aWS `1+1Z\V ]\]`\aSb d \bO g* ]\1abnE /*ab WS \Z 1Yd V*Y1Zn ,Y1ab\ fW1O +*H WS q/\,Sbdp 4Y1p ,Y1ab\ `m+mH L *bO e1q ;B=E 5>MD p+qkSy \b1g ZSV\-/* b*V Z1 ]\abd]SbI \aY\b`SY Z* ]\/\+Zdp aSbd*gSp a ]\4SO gSS \bg*D `1/ab*,nb1E hb\ ,*j `1+1Z\V \h1Zn f\h1b \ h1YOb\ ,*a ]\]`\aSbnD m WpO +Sb1 a,\1-\ `1+1ZV*E d/1Wq1b1 1Yd YZ\-\ ,`1O Y1ZS S ab*`*1b1an ,a1-/* +mbn /\abd]ZmYD \E Z1aY\b`q Z* ob\E \Z ]\h1YdOb\ +\Sbaq ,*O j1y `1*VgSS S ]1`1/*1b a,\p ]`\an+d h1`14 V\-\Ob\ /`d-\-\D b\ ,m ]\hd,ab,d1b1H b\E 1aWS b1]1`n \Z +d/1b \+`*k*bnaq V ,*Y b\WnO V\ h1`14 /`d-\-\ h1W\,1V* S Z1 4*f\h1b hb\O WS+\ Y1ZqbnH d/1b WS ,*Y ob\ ]`SqbZ\H \O Z1hZ\ Z1bI p+qkS1 `\/Sb1WS f\bqbE hb\+m
\/\+Z\ Wp+qk1Yd \bgdE \- f\h1bE hb\+m Ym a ZSY \+k*WSan
Sf /1bS \+`*k*WSan V ZSY WShZ\ S Z1 +\qO WSan ,m`*3*bn a,\S ]`\an+mD \b V*V Sada ]`SY1ZSW a,\y Z*-Wq/Zmy ]`SY1`B w b*VE 1aWS ,mE +d/dhS 4WmE 4Z*1O b1E V*V /1W*bn a,\SY /1bqY f\`\jS1 ]\/*`O VSE b\ b1Y +\W11 ,*j b1gE V\b\`my Z* Z1O +1a*fE /*ab /\+`\1 ]`\aqkSY d Z1-\Ix L *bO e1q ;B55MD 1a\YZ1ZZ\E `\/Sb1WS f\bqb /*bn a,\SY /1bqY ,a1 a*Y\1 Wdhj11D *aV\WnV\ 31 aSWnZ11 hd,ab,* Z*j1-\ Z1+1aZ\-\ bg* P \Z \h1Zn f\h1b aWdj*bn Z*jS Y\WSb,m S \bO ,1h*bn Z* ZSfI \- 31W*1bE hb\+m Ym \+`*k*WS a,\S Y\O WSb,m WShZ\ V Z1YdE /*31 1aWS S4O4* -`1O f\, Ym hd,ab,d1Y a1+q Z1/\ab\yZmYS 1-\ ,ZSY*ZSqD Z Z1 ]\`dhSW aWdj*bn Z*jS Y\WSb,m ZSV\Yd /`d-\YdD S+WSq ]\+d3/*O 1b Z*aB w \4W\3S a,\1 +`1Yq Z* 1-\,dE S \Z ]\//1`3Sb b1+qx L a*W\Y 99B66MD Y1ab\ b\O -\ hb\+m d]\,*bn Z* 4*abd]ZSh1ab,\ a,qbmf SWS /`d-Sf ]\V`\,Sb1W1yE Z*Y Zd3Z\ dhSbnO aq ,S/1bn +\Wnj1 f\`\j1-\ , a*Y\Y \-1D *j Z1+1aZmy b1g 4*+\bSbaq \ V*3/\Y S4 Z*aD Z f\h1b ]\Y\hn Z*Y , Z*jSf ]`\+W1Y*f S ]\+d3/*1b Z*a ]`S+WS4Sbnaq V Z1Yd L *V\O ,* 8B<MD *V 31 Ym ah*abWS,mE hb\ d Z*a 1abn ,\4Y\3Z\abn Y\WSbnaq Z*j1Yd \-d S bgdE w Wdj*b1Wp Y\WSb,xI L a*W\Y :9B6MD Ë&#x2021; 5 ( ) 6>57
13
• ˚ ˙˚ ˚•
1Yd Ym dhSYaq S4 `*aaV*4* \ ]`1abd]ZSV1H 1hn ]\y/1b \ ]`1abd]ZSV1E a V\b\`mY SO ada `*4-\,*`S,*1b Z* V*`bSZV1D 'b\b h1W\,1V \h1Zn a\3*W11b \ b\YE hb\ `*Znj1 ]\abd]*W ]W\f\D Z ]`\aSb Sada*B w a]\YZS \+\ YZ1E V\-/* ]`S/1jn , a,\1 g*`ab,\xD b1]1`nE V*V Ym ,S/SYE Sada \b,1h*1b 1YdD ˛Z*1jnE hb\ Sada 1Yd -\,\`SbH 1 Z \+1k*1bB w abSZO Z\ -\,\`p b1+1 a1-\/ZqB bm +d/1jn a\ YZ\y , *pxD *VE ]\Ob,\1YdE +d/1b ,m-Wq/1bn ob\b *yH b\+m d+1/SbnaqE hb\ Ym \b,1bSWS ]`*O ‹ ,SWnZ\E /*,*y ,a]\YZSYE hb\ Ym 4Z*1Y \ *1E V\b\`my \- a\4/*W /Wq ]1`,\-\ Yd3hSZm S ]1`,\y 31ZkSZmE /*Y* S ˚,mD /1 Z*f\/SWO aq b\b *yB Z* Z1+1 SWS Z* 41YW1H S+WSS -\,\`SbaqE hb\ Z* 41YW1D ˛Z*hSbE hSb*q \ b\YE hb\ ]`1abd]ZSV +d/1b 3Sbn w, *pxE Z*Y Zd3Z\ ]`1/ab*,Wqbn a1+1 `*y Z* 41YW1D *V +d/1b ,m-Wq/1bn ob\b *yH ˙*O ,*y d4Z*1YD S+WSS `*aaV*4m,*1baqE hb\E a\4/*, ]1`O ,dp h1W\,1h1aVdp ]*`dE /*Y* S ˚,dE 1-\,* \- ]\a1WSW Sf , `*p Z* 41YW1D 'b\ Y1ab\ Z*O 4m,*W\an wa*/ , '/1Y1xD \31jn WS bm a1+1 ]`1/ab*,SbnE Z*aV\WnV\ V`*aS,mY +mW ob\b a*/H 1a\YZ1ZZ\E ob\ +mW\ a*Y\1 ]`1V`*aO Z\1 S ]`SqbZ\1 Y1ab\ /Wq 3S4ZS P a b1f ]\` b*V\-\ ZSVb\ Z1 ,S/1WI *V bm /dY*1jnE +d/1b WS Sada 3Sbn Z* 41YW1 ,Y1ab1 a obSY ]`1abd]ZSV\YH
1bE Sada +d/1b *`1Y Z* Z1+1 S +d/1b ]`*O ,Sbn `*yaV\y 41YW1yD Z +d/1b a ]`1abd]ZSV\Y , b\Y aYmaW1E hb\ ,\aV`1aSb 1-\ , *p Z* 41YO W1 S ab*Z1b 4*+\bSbnaq \ Z1YD \ ]\h1Yd Sada 1 ˚aWS ,m hSb*1b1 ,Y1ab1 a `1+1ZV\YE 4Z*V bSWn/* L M Z*O ]\YSZ*1b \ b\YE hb\ Y\3Z\ a/1W*bn ]*d4d S ]\+d/Sbn 1-\ ,maV*4*bn a,\1 YZ1ZS1D
14
˝˚ ) " )
]\4,\WSb 3Sbn , *p b\YdE Vb\ +mW ]`1abd]O ZSV\YH Ë&#x2122;*,*y \+ad/SYD \Z1hZ\E ob\b ]`1abd]ZSV ]\abd]*W \h1Zn ]W\f\D \ b*V ]\abd]*WS S YSWWS*`/m /`d-Sf Wp/1yE V\b\`m1 3SWS Z* 41YW1D \WnjSZab,\ S4 ZSf a\,1`j*WS ]W\fS1 /1W*E ]\b\Yd hb\ SY ZSV\-/* Z1 `*aaV*4m,*WS \+ 1-\,1 S 1-\ Z\`O Y*fD \ob\Yd b*VS1 Wp/SE ,VWph*q ]`1abd]ZSO V*E a V\b\`mY `*4-\,*`S,*W Sada ]1`1/ a,\O 1y aY1`bnpE +d/db ,\aV`1j1Zm , *p Z* 41YO W1D Y \+lqaZqbE , h1Y a\ab\Sb ,\Wq \-*D Ë&#x203A;*O b1Y \ZS aY\-db /\V*4*bnE hb\ Wp+qb 1-\,dD Ë&#x203A;Z*1jnE V*V \ZS aY\-db ob\ /\V*4*bnH Ë&#x2122;1W*q b\E hb\ f\h1b \-D *V\y 31 hd/1aZ\y +dO /1b 3S4Zn , *pI *a +d/db ,a1-/* \V`d3*bn b1E Vb\ Wp+Sb 1-\,d S /`d- /`d-*I Ë&#x2021;
â&#x20AC;¢ Ë&#x161; Ë&#x161;â&#x20AC;¢
dVS 67B76P87 mbS1 6B;P= bV`\,1ZS1 65B7P9
Ë&#x161; % Ë&#x161;â&#x20AC;¢ Ë&#x161; %
S+WSq dV*4m,*1b Z* /,1 \aZ\,Zm1 ]`ShSZmD \O ]1`,mfE f\bq a1-\/Zq Wp/S YZ\-\-\ /\abS-WSE \ZS Z1 +mWS a\4/*Zm a\ a]\a\+Z\abnp Z*]`*,Wqbn a,\S j*-SD \O,b\`mfE ]W*Zm Wp/1y b1`]qb V`*fE S4O4* b\-\ hb\ w,1an YS` W13Sb ,\ ,W*abS Ë&#x203A;W\-\xE *b*Zm Ë&#x2122;nq,\W*D \ob\Yd a,\SYS daSWSqYS Wp/S Z1 Y\-db dab*Z\,Sbn YS` Z* 41YW1D L `\hSb*yb1 1`1YSS 5>B67C 5 \*ZZ* 9B5=DM 1W\,1h1aVSy o-\S4Y S *Y+SgSS b\31 Y1j*O pb /\abShn YS`* Z* 41YW1D \WnV\ YS`\,\1 ]`*O ,Sb1Wnab,\E V\b\`\1 aY\31b Z*dhSbn Wp/1y WpO +Sbn b\E hb\ ]`*,SWnZ\E S 4*+\bSbnaq /`d- \ /`d-1E dab*Z\,Sb YS` ,\ ,a1Y YS`1D L `\hSb*yO b1 a*SS 76B5;C 8<B5<E 66DM
b\ dab*Z\,Sb YS` Z* 41YW1H a1Y\-dkSy \- ]\\+1k*W a\4/*bn 1/SZ\1 ]`*O ,Sb1Wnab,\E V\b\`\1 +d/1b ]`*,Sbn ,a1Y h1W\,1O h1ab,\YD Z\ 4*Y1ZSb a\+\y ,a1 h1W\,1h1aVS1 ]`*,Sb1Wnab,* LË&#x2122;*ZSSW 6B88MD \3Sy mZE Sada `Sab\aE +d/1b ]`*,Sbn V*V Zq4n YS`*D Z \hSO abSb ,ap 41YWp \b 4W* S Z*dhSb Wp/1y 3Sbn , YSO `1 /`d- a /`d-\YD L `\hSb*yb1 a*SS =B:E ;C 55B8E =DM 31 a1-\/Zq ]\/ `dV\,\/ab,\Y Sada* YSWWSO \Zm aWd3Sb1W1y \-* ]\ ,a1y 41YW1 a ]\Y\O knp \3n1-\ W\,*E S+WSSE dh*b Wp/1y a\f`*O Zqbn YS` a /`d-SYSD h1Zn aV\`\ YS` ,\ ,a1Y YS`1 ab*Z1b `1*WnZ\abnpD L `\hSb*yb1 a*SS 6B7E 8C 98B57DM
Fatmir Boshnjaku
\h1Yd b*V b`d/Z\ /\abShn YS`* Z* ,a1y 41YW1H
Ë&#x2122;\abShn YS`* Z* 41YW1 ]\/ aSWd b\WnV\ b\Yd ]`*,Sb1Wnab,dE V\b\`\1 a]\a\+Z\ S4Y1ZSbn a1`/g* Wp/1y
\Wnj1 SZe\`Y*gSS Y\3Z\ Z*ybS , 7Oy -W*,1 ob\y VZS-SE S4/*ZZ\y ,S/1b1WqYS 1-\,m
Ë&#x161;
Z* a*Y\Y /1W1
s
n o
'b\b S ]`1/m/dkS1 ,m]daVSE /\abd]Zm1 /Wq +1a]W*bZ\-\ aV*hS,*ZSq
p
S+WSq \ZW*yZ ]`SY1`Z\ Z* 9> q4mV*f
)H
Ë&#x203A;*y/Sb1 Z* www.jw.org /ru SWS \baV*ZS`dyb1 V\/
wp13 06/01-U
Ë&#x161; % Ë&#x2122; Ë&#x161; Ë&#x161;â&#x20AC;¢ Ë&#x161; % â&#x20AC;¢ Ë&#x161; â&#x20AC;¢