Research program “FIGRA project” Valuation of fire grow FIGRA – mARHE – FIGRA t* EN 13823 – EN 11925-2 – EN 13501-1
BING Av. E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 6 - 1160 Brussels - Phone: +32 2 676 7352 - Fax: +32 2 676 7479 E-mail: secretariat@bing-europe.com
Foreword Scope of this research, effected for BING, was to verify the reliability of the evaluations obtained by SBI on some building products. I have always been convinced that FIGRA, as it is calculated, i.e. not considering thermal attack conditions and ventilation (intended as number of changes of air in the apparatus per hour), using analysers at limits of their sensitivity etc.. etc…- is conceptually wrong. To emphasise the effect of the initial fire growth, attributing the maximum importance to the only initial slope of the curve, without seriously considering the fire power, leads to the evident result to consider the fire from a newspaper ball of 100 gr. so important to consider a product, having similar curve, at maximum danger levels. To do a “military” comparison, to receive a small shot at 1000 km/h speed would be much more harmful than to receive a cannon shot of 50 kg running at only 900 km/h. Try to believe. Joking a part, the SBI, in the present version and with this FIGRA calculation system, obtains aberrant results. We will see how it is possible, in part, to find a remedy using other calculation systems, easy to be applied to the curves already produced up today: it is given that, since curves are obtained with an apparatus and in not realistic testing conditions, we work on data that wouldn’t be used to evaluate the fire behaviour of a product. To consider only the first 10 minutes of testing will be even a good gift for those products that need some times to let grow the fire, and it will be useful in those cases when the firemen start to extinguish the fire within 600 seconds. Our firemen, that are really very clever (and more, I think the cleverest I know), generally arrive on place in these times only if the fire has the kindness to occur very near their centres. It seems to me a real nonsense, if we want to take in consideration the heat release, it is necessary to do it seriously and without tricks. And if a material produces an initial flame, at low power and short duration, I believe this product should be honestly considered a medium or even few dangerous product. We will keep on working, in Ad hoc 44 of CEN TC 127 to improve SBI and to change this situation: using also this data, thank to BING and to Companies that have taken part in the program. The curves you will find in the work, and the index produced by each curve, speak: if data will be used so as it is now required, we will have many good products of class ONE that for many years have never caused problems to be rejected and to be by force replaced by other products that – at least for costs of certifications and analysis- will be much more expensive Our ideas –mines and of my researchers- about SBI are well known, and I can be quiet: everybody in the world on this side and on the other side of ocean, know I didn’t agree. But I’m sorry, very sorry to have attended the works. Silvio Messa Head of Research Team LSFire Laboratories BING
1
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Introduction SBI (Single Burning Item EN 13823) is the European main test for Construction insulating products. Within a range that includes Euroclasses A1 and A2 (for non combustible material) and which goes down to F for unclassified material, this test method makes possible to place products in the range between Euroclasses B and D (B being the highest level that can be assigned using this method). To pass EN 11925-2 (ignitability) method, which is very similar to the German DIN 4102 test for B2 classification, is a necessary condition for admittance to the SBI test and also gives Euroclass E classification (15 seconds). Panels that are to be tested using SBI are assembled in a corner configuration made up of two “wings” of 1×1.5 and 0.5×1.5 metres. To put things simply, this apparatus measures the power, given in kW, released by the combustion of the sample during the test period. The energy is therefore measured directly in proportion to the consumption of oxygen recorded during the combustion reaction (Oxygen Depletion). Power vs time curve represents RHR (Rate of Heat Release). There are four test phases: 1. During the first 120s both burners are kept switched off and the paramagnetic detector records the quantity of oxygen present in the apparatus with no combustion present. 2. From the 120th to the 300th second the secondary burner remains on but its flame does not touch the specimen. This makes possible to evaluate the energy consumption produced by the burning propane only. This value will be taken away from the final combustion curve of the material and, in this way, the energy of the pure specimen will be calculated without the contribution of the burner. 3. The real test takes place from the 300th to the 1500th second. The propane directed towards the secondary burner is deviated to the main burner, and the pilot flame ignites the gas. The extraction system above the corner of the testing apparatus collects the combustion products, and convey them to the exhaustion duct where detectors record the variations of all the analysed parameters. 4. The burner is switched off after 20 minutes (normal test duration); five more minutes are left to let the measured parameters to return to their normal values.
BING
2
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FIGRA (Fire Growth RAte index) according to EN 13823 The FIGRA (Fire Growth Rate), namely the ratio between the immediate RHR value and the time during which this value is recorded , plays an important role in classification. The following formula shows the mathematical calculation used to obtain the FIGRA value:
FIGRA RHR av (t ) FIGRA = 1000 × max t − 300
THR (t ) =
1000×kW/s = W/s
1 t ∑ RHR (t ) × ∆t 1000 300
MJ = MW×s
By varying in the formula the class limit values (indicated in the table below), we obtain lines that divide the Cartesian plane into four areas. Each one of these areas has a pertaining Euroclass, as can be seen in the first of the two following graphs: EUROCLASS B C D E
FIGRA Lower than 120 W/s Between 120 and 250 W/s Between 250 and 750 W/s Higher than 750 W/s
THR 600s Lower than 7.5 MJ Between 7.5 and 15 MJ Higher than 15 MJ Higher than 15 MJ
RHR: Rate of Heat Release (kW) Graphical representation of lines with a constant FIGRA value of 120,250,750
(kW) 250
E
FIGRA = 120 W/s FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
200 D 150 C 100 B 50
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840 960 Time (s)
1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
As an example, the green line represents the points at which the FIGRA value is always equal to 250 W/s. If we therefore position a real combustion curve on this graph, we have an immediate graphical display of the class to which the material belongs (see graph below) BING
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cork
RHR 30 s average
FIGRA 0.2MJ THR 600s FIGRA t* 1200s mARHE
(kW) 250
= = = =
1654. 13.85 35.37 37.13
W/s MJ kJ/s kW
E 200 D
RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
150 C 100 B 50
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 Time (s)
As can be seen, this material has a relatively high RHR(t)/t ratio at the start of combustion and the curve is taken to a position in the class E area, therefore determining in which sector the material belongs. Critical aspects of the present class attribution system
The previous graph shows how the tested material obtained class E because of the initial value that was barely able to reach 50 kW, even though the peak of approx. 100 kW, which appears at around 1500s keeps the material quite easily inside the class B area. The FIGRA value can be very high even when the RHR value remains within relatively low limits (20-30 kW), and material classification is penalised if the peak appears during the first few seconds of combustion (a value that is useful for defining the denominator in the FIGRA calculation algorithm). A FIGRA value calculated in this manner, therefore, does not consider the energy released by the material during combustion in a reasonable way but concentrates almost exclusively on the product’s ignition rate. A 20-40 kW fire is not a serious risk especially when the highest power peak is limited through time, even if the power is reached in a short time. The situation becomes more dangerous, however, if the fire takes just a few minutes to reach a power of 60-80 kW (or more) and the release of energy is slower but in continual growth through time. As the test proceeds and as various materials that are commonly used in construction work are evaluated using SBI, it is easy to see that notable differences are found when organising and classifying the various combustion curves because the results are based on a parameter that leans towards the facility of ignition. Unfortunately, these differences have distorted classifications that were once considered as being valid from a fire prevention point of view. Italian regulators, collaborating with and using the experience of the LSF, have made a proposal to CEN127 to use different algorithms than FIGRA, which is calculated using the present method. These new algorithms make possible to rank the fire reaction curves in a more logical and balanced way. Two alternative methods (mARHE and FIGRA calculated at barycentric time – FIGRA t* ) were proposed. BING
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MAHRE (Maximum Average of Heat Emission)
This index, approved by TC 256, was created by Gary J. Duggan within the working group that coordinates standards in the railway sector. The mARHE calculation method determines the average energy value generated during each combustion period in which the RHR value is measured (the integral of the RHR curve during a certain time period represents the energy developed by the specimen during that interval). The points obtained by summing the separate areas and dividing them by the corresponding time gives the ARHE curve (average rate of heat emission), the maximum of which is, by definition, the mARHE. This type of algorithm has the advantage of balancing the ignitability (determined by the slope of the initial peak develops) and the total energy that is developed during combustion (represented by RHR integral during the total running time of the test).
mARHE ele(t ) =
(RHR(t ) + RHR(t − 1) ) × ∆t 2
kW×s
ele = the trapezoidal area for each interval
t
arhe(t ) =
∑ ele(t ) 300
t − 300
marhe = max (arhe(t ) )
kW kW
FIGRA based on barycentric time (t*1200)
The barycentre of a function is the point that divides the integral of the function into two equivalent parts in a defined interval. In our case, the barycentric time represents the time at which the material being tested releases half of its energy during the 1200 seconds (test duration). Dividing the THR (Total Heat Release, i.e. the total of the energy developed during combustion) obtained at the time (t) by the barycentric time (t*) we once again acquire a set of points that generate the barycentric time curve. This interpretation of the RHR curve again considers both the fire development rate and the total quantity of energy developed.
FIGRA t* t
t * (t ) = barycentric _ time =
∑ (RHR (t ) ⋅ t ⋅ ∆t )
300 t
∑ (RHR (t ) ⋅ ∆t )
s
Definition of barycentre function
300
FIGRA _ t * (t ) = 1000 ×
BING
THR(t ) barycentric _ time
1000×MJ/s = kJ/s = kW
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In order to simulate classification of products by using these two parameters, LSF proposed the following limit values: EUROCLASS B C D E
MARHE and FIGRA t* Lower than 16 kW Between 16 and 32 kW Between 32 and 64 kW Higher than 64 kW
As can be seen in the graphs below, an RHR curve evaluated using the FIGRA value, calculated in accordance with the current legislation, was compared with the possible representations and classifications obtained using the mARHE and FIGRA t* methods. The same reading key makes it possible to interprete the curves and the classifications obtained from 14 insulating products that were analysed in this project. All the relevant curves are shown in Annex B, included in this report. Foam polyurethane coated with saturated fiberglass (kW) 250
RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
RHR 30 s average 9589
E
200
FIGRA 0.2MJ THR 600s FIGRA t* 1200s mARHE
D 150 C 100
= = = =
2471 W/s 9.15 MJ 19.3 kW 42.9 kW
B 50 0 0
120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 Time (s)
Foam polyurethane coated with saturated fiberglass (kW) 100
ARHE average ARHE = 16 kW ARHE = 32 kW ARHE = 64 kW
ARHE average 9589
90 80
(kW) 100
FIGRA t* average FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s kW kW FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s kW FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
FIGRA t* average 9589
90 80
E
70
Foam polyurethane coated with saturated fiberglass
E
70 60
60 50
50
D
40 30
30
C
20 10 0
10
B
0
120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 Time (s)
BING
C
20
B
0
D
40
6
0
120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 Time (s)
LSF
Then if the classes limit are considered according to the following table: First proposal CLASS B C D E
FIGRA W/s 120 250 750
mARHE kW 16 32 64
FIGRA t* kW 16 32 64
FIGRA 0.2MJ
mARHE
FIGRA t* 1200s
FIGRA 0.2MJ
mARHE
FIGRA t* 1200s
kW
W/s
kW
kW
W/s
kW
kW
3 13 34 20 21 58 70 125 34 33 29 40 52
4 16 25 17 27 37 69 97 35 23 12 17 26
13 12 2 8 1 4 14 11 3 5 6 9 10
56 361 683 1105 1918 1844 1654 590 2189 2472 2348 1266 1279
3 13 20 21 29 33 34 34 40 43 52 58 70
4 16 17 27 12 23 35 25 17 19 26 37 69
13 1 12 2 3 5 4 11 6 8 14 9 10
56 1918 361 683 2189 2472 1844 590 2348 1105 1654 1266 1279
3 29 13 20 40 43 33 34 52 21 34 58 70
4 12 16 17 17 19 23 25 26 27 35 37 69
5
2472
43
19
7
1501
125
97
7
1501
125
97
N째 material
FIGRA t* 1200s
kW
56 361 590 683 1105 1266 1279 1501 1654 1844 1918 2189 2348
N째 material
mARHE
W/s 13 12 11 2 8 9 10 7 14 4 1 3 6
N째 material
FIGRA 0.2MJ
And if the materials are ordered according to one of calculated parameters (in grey the column with growing rules), the following table is obtained:
The cells are coloured to highlight the changing class depending on the considered parameter.
BING
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List of the tested materials:
N° Test code Material description Thick Rigid PIR foam: blowing 1 9585 30 agent normal pentane Rigid PIR foam: blowing 2 9586 30 agent normal pentane Rigid PIR foam: blowing 3 9587 30 agent normal pentane Rigid PIR foam: blowing 4 9588 80 agent normal pentane Rigid PIR foam: blowing 5 9589 30 agent normal pentane Rigid PUR foam: blowing 6 9590 30 agent water (open cells) Rigid PUR foam: blowing 7 9591 60 agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon Rigid PIR foam: blowing 8 9592 30 agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon Extruded Polystyrene 9 9593 30 Foam (XPS) Extruded Polystyrene 10 9594 60 Foam (XPS) Expanded Polystyrene 11 9595 30 Foam (EPS)
Mounting + Fixing
Facer
Mech Fastening
Saturated Fiberglass
Mech Fastening
Aluminium foil 60 µm
Mech Fastening
Fiberglass + Mineral coating
Mech Fastening
Saturated Fiberglass
Mech Fastening
Saturated Fiberglass
Mech Fastening
Saturated Fiberglass
Mech Fastening
Aluminium foil 40 µm
Mech Fastening
None
Glued
None
Glued
None
Glued
None
12
9596
Expanded Perlite (EPB)
30
Mech Fastening
None
13
9597
Mineral Wool (MW)
40
Mech Fastening
None
14
9598
Expanded Cork (ICB)
30
Mech Fastening
None
Results
1. Once again has been demonstrated that SBI test parameters for classification (FIGRA) strongly penalises those products that present a relative high ignition rate compared to a relatively low total energy release; whit the present SBI classification the total energy release is not taken into account at all. 2. The ranking of curves using FIGRA as parameter does not give a fair and balanced representation of the real behaviour of products subjected to the test. In Annex A the ranking of the curves obtained according FIGRA, mARHE and FIGRA t* shown clearly this kind of anomaly. 3. Parameters like lateral spread of flame (damaged area) and spread of flame rate, which are important for the Italian classification, are not evaluated whit the present SBI test configuration. 4. The objective of the test, i.e. the complete evaluation of a product whit regard to reaction to fire, is not reached as well the correlation whit the reference scenario (ISO 9705 room corner test) 5. Several materials, well known for their good performance in reaction to fire turn out to be penalised according this unrealistic classification method (i.e. Perlite class D). The gap between the two most important families of insulant material (inorganic and organic product) results strongly increased whit the classification system adopted for SBI. Such wide gap were not present in none of the national classification system which are considered performing well in the past. BING
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ANNEX A Legend of following graphs
Energy produced after 10 minutes the mail burner ignites Energy produced in the following 10 minutes (ignored by classification) Following fire grow; not considerated
Barycentric time, it indicates when half of energy was produced
BING
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Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests
Table A
Ordering by FIGRA 0.2MJ (kW)
(kW)
250
250
13
9597
200
150
150
2 - FIGRA 0.2MJ increasing
1 - FIGRA 0.2MJ increasing
100 822 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
100 754 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
(kW)
250
10
9594
200
200
150
150
100
1740.
Time (s)
12
9596
9
9593
200
100 922 sec t* at t=1500s
880 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
11
9595
7
9591
200
200
150
150
100
100
664 sec t* at t=1500s
735 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
300.0
1740.
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
2
9586 200
14
9598 200
150
150
100
100 831 sec t* at t=1500s
994 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
8
9592
4
9588
200
200
150
150
100
100 896 sec t* at t=1500s
873 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
300.0
0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
Time (s)
BING
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
Time (s)
10
LSF
1740.
Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests
Table A
(kW)
250
1
9585 200
150
3 - FIGRA 0.2MJ increasing
100 784 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
3
9587 200
150
100 784 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
9590
6
200
150
100 796 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
5
9589 200
150
100 816 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
BING
11
LSF
Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests
Table C
Ordering by mARHE (kW)
(kW)
250
250
13
9597
200
150
150
2 - mARHE increasing
1 - mARHE increasing
100 822 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
4
9588
200
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
100 873 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
250
250
12
9596
14
9598
200
200
150
150
100
100 922 sec t* at t=1500s
994 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
(kW)
250
250
2
9586
11
9595
200
200
150
150
100
100 831 sec t* at t=1500s
735 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
8
9592 200
3
9587 200
150
150
100
100 896 sec t* at t=1500s
784 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
1
9585 200
9589
5
200
150
150
100
100 784 sec t* at t=1500s
816 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
300.0
0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
Time (s)
BING
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
Time (s)
12
LSF
1740.
Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests
Table C
(kW)
250
6
9590 200
150
3 - mARHE increasing
100 796 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
9
9593 200
150
100 754 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
10
9594 200
150
100 880 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
7
9591 200
150
100 664 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
BING
13
LSF
Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests
Table B
Ordering by FIGRA t* 1200s (LSF) (kW)
(kW)
250
250
13
9597
200
150
150
2 - FIGRA t* 1200s increasing
1 - FIGRA t* 1200s increasing
100 822 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
1
9585
5
9589
200
100 816 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
4
9588
200
200
150
150
100
420.0
100 784 sec t* at t=1500s
873 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
(kW)
250
250
12
9596
11
9595
200
200
150
150
100
100 922 sec t* at t=1500s
735 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
2
9586 200
6
9590 200
150
150
100
100 831 sec t* at t=1500s
796 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
Time (s)
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
(kW)
(kW)
250
250
3
9587 200
9592
8
200
150
150
100
100 784 sec t* at t=1500s
896 sec t* at t=1500s
50
50
0
300.0
0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
300.0
Time (s)
BING
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
Time (s)
14
LSF
1740.
Graphs of RHR 30s, average on 3 tests
Table B
(kW)
250
14
9598 200
150
3 - FIGRA t* 1200s increasing
100 994 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
9
9593 200
150
100 754 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
10
9594 200
150
100 880 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s) (kW)
250
7
9591 200
150
100 664 sec t* at t=1500s
50
0
300.0
420.0
540.0
660.0
780.0
900.0
1020.
1140.
1260.
1380.
1500.
1620.
1740.
Time (s)
BING
15
LSF
ANNEX B
BING
16
LSF
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)
9585-1 9585-2 9585-3 1843.45 1896.92 2012.27 4.97 6.30 6.24 27.83 28.47 30.18 10.5 13.1 13.0
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 1917.5 5.8 28.8 12.2 Foam polyurethane coated with saturated fiberglass (30 mm)
Stiferite
(kW) 50 9585
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s) Stiferite
RHR 30 s average
(kW) 250
9585
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1917.5 W/s THR 600s = 5.84 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 12.2 kJ/s mARHE = 28.82 kW
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Stiferite
Stiferite
ARHE average
(kW) 100
9585 90
FIGRA t* average
(kW) 100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1917.5 W/s THR 600s = 5.84 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 12.2 kJ/s mARHE = 28.82 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1917.5 W/s THR 600s = 5.84 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 12.2 kJ/s mARHE = 28.82 kW
9585 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average ARHE = 16 kW
D 50
FIGRA t* average FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
D 50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
17
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)
BING
18
LSF
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)
9586-1 9586-2 9586-3 617.28 748.74 682.63 7.52 8.55 7.88 18.02 20.87 20.23 15.9 17.9 16.1
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 682.9 8.0 19.7 16.6 Foam polyurethane coated with aluminium foil (60 micron) (30 mm)
Stiferite (kW) 50 9586
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s) Stiferite
RHR 30 s average
(kW) 250
9586
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 682.9 W/s THR 600s = 7.98 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.620 kJ/s mARHE = 19.56 kW
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) Stiferite
Stiferite
ARHE average
(kW) 100
9586 90
FIGRA t* average
(kW) 100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 682.9 W/s THR 600s = 7.98 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.620 kJ/s mARHE = 19.56 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 682.9 W/s THR 600s = 7.98 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.620 kJ/s mARHE = 19.56 kW
9586 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average
D
FIGRA t* average
D
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW ARHE = 64 kW
40
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
19
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)
BING
20
LSF
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)
9587-1 9587-2 9587-3 2133.77 2301.51 2130.40 7.61 8.51 8.14 38.09 41.63 41.61 16.2 18.0 16.7
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 2188.6 8.1 40.4 17.0
Stiferite
Foam polyurethane coated with mineralised saturated fiberglass (30 mm)
(kW) 100 9587-
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s) Stiferite
ARHE average
(kW) 100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2188.6 W/s THR 600s = 8.09 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.969 kJ/s mARHE = 40.16 kW
958790 80
E 70 60 ARHE average ARHE = 16 kW
D 50
ARHE = 32 kW ARHE = 64 kW
40 30
C
20 10
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) Stiferite
Stiferite
RHR 30 s average
(kW) 250
9587
E
FIGRA t* average
(kW) 100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2188.6 W/s THR 600s = 8.09 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.969 kJ/s mARHE = 40.16 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2188.6 W/s THR 600s = 8.09 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.969 kJ/s mARHE = 40.16 kW
958790 80
200
E 70
D
60
150 RHR 30s average
FIGRA t* average
D
FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
100
30
C
20
50
B
10
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
0
1800
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Time (s)
BING
120
21
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)
BING
22
LSF
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 80 mm)
9588-1 9588-2 9588-3 1672.65 1959.98 1899.02 10.41 9.79 10.97 32.15 32.88 34.86 22.5 21.6 23.8
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 1843.9 10.4 33.3 22.6
Stiferite
Foam polyurethane coated with saturated fiberglass (80 mm)
(kW) 50
9588
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) Stiferite
RHR 30 s average
(kW) 250
9588
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1843.9 W/s THR 600s = 10.39 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 22.636 kJ/s mARHE = 33.11 kW
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) Stiferite
Stiferite
ARHE average
(kW) 100
9588 90
FIGRA t* average
(kW) 100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1843.9 W/s THR 600s = 10.39 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 22.636 kJ/s mARHE = 33.11 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1843.9 W/s THR 600s = 10.39 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 22.636 kJ/s mARHE = 33.11 kW
9588 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average
D
FIGRA t* average
D
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW ARHE = 64 kW
40
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
23
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 80 mm)
BING
24
LSF
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)
9589-1 9589-2 9589-3 2009.59 2722.17 2683.91 7.83 9.75 9.87 37.05 45.72 46.66 16.3 20.8 20.8
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 2471.9 9.1 43.1 19.3
Stif
Foam polyurethane coated with saturated fiberglass (30 mm)
(kW) 100 9589
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s) Stif
RHR 30 s average
(kW) 250
9589
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2471.9 W/s THR 600s = 9.15 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 19.301 kJ/s mARHE = 42.99 kW
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) Stif
Stif
ARHE average
(kW) 100
9589 90
FIGRA t* average
(kW) 100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2471.9 W/s THR 600s = 9.15 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 19.301 kJ/s mARHE = 42.99 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2471.9 W/s THR 600s = 9.15 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 19.301 kJ/s mARHE = 42.99 kW
9589 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average ARHE = 16 kW
D 50
FIGRA t* average FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
D 50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
25
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent normal pentane (thickness 30 mm)
BING
26
LSF
Rigid PUR foam: blowing agent water (open cells) (thickness 30 mm)
9590-1 9590-2 9590-3 2488.33 2777.33 1777.21 11.55 12.68 12.15 52.81 56.30 46.37 24.3 27.0 25.7
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 2347.6 12.1 51.8 25.7
Stif
PUR coated with saturated fiberglass (30 mm)
(kW) 100 9590
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s) Stif
RHR 30 s average
(kW) 250
9590
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2347.6 W/s THR 600s = 12.13 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.668 kJ/s mARHE = 50.58 kW
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
Stif
Stif
ARHE average
(kW) 100
9590
90
FIGRA t* average
(kW) 100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2347.6 W/s THR 600s = 12.13 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.668 kJ/s mARHE = 50.58 kW
80
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 2347.6 W/s THR 600s = 12.13 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.668 kJ/s mARHE = 50.58 kW
9590
90 80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average
D
FIGRA t* average
D
ARHE = 16 kW ARHE = 32 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
27
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Rigid PUR foam: blowing agent water (open cells) (thickness 30 mm)
BING
28
LSF
Rigid PUR foam: blowing agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon (thickness 60 mm)
9591-1 9591-2 9591-3 1366.54 1300.45 1834.64 51.51 49.43 56.23 130.37 107.86 137.66 97.4 89.5 105.2
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 1500.5 52.4 125.3 97.4
Brianza Plastica
PUR coated with aluminium foil (40 micron) (60 mm)
(kW)
9591
200
150
100
50
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) Brianza Plastica
RHR 30 s average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1500.5 W/s THR 600s = 52.39 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 97.391 kJ/s mARHE =124.19 kW
250
9591
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) Brianza Plastica
Brianza Plastica
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1500.5 W/s THR 600s = 52.39 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 97.391 kJ/s mARHE =124.19 kW
100
9591 90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1500.5 W/s THR 600s = 52.39 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 97.391 kJ/s mARHE =124.19 kW
100
9591 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average
D
FIGRA t* average
D
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
29
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Rigid PUR foam: blowing agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon (thickness 60 mm)
BING
30
LSF
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon (thickness 30 mm)
9592-1 9592-2 9592-3 883.65 1178.66 1253.58 11.88 11.03 13.30 20.05 19.60 22.58 26.4 25.7 28.1
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 1105.3 12.1 20.7 26.7
Duna Corradini
Foam polyurethane (50kg/m3) (30 mm)
(kW) 50
9592
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) Duna Corradini
RHR 30 s average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1105.3 W/s THR 600s = 12.07 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 26.713 kJ/s mARHE = 20.43 kW
250
9592
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) Duna Corradini
Duna Corradini
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1105.3 W/s THR 600s = 12.07 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 26.713 kJ/s mARHE = 20.43 kW
100
9592 90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1105.3 W/s THR 600s = 12.07 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 26.713 kJ/s mARHE = 20.43 kW
100
9592 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average
D
FIGRA t* average
D
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
31
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Rigid PIR foam: blowing agent Hydro Fluoro Carbon (thickness 30 mm)
BING
32
LSF
Extruded Polystyrene Foam (XPS) (thickness 30 mm)
9593-1 9593-2 9593-3 9593-4 9593-5 average 1128.5 390.21 486.63 2121.6 2202.5 1265.9 15.30 16.07 16.33 23.26 24.55 19.1 53.77 30.72 31.43 84.31 87.92 57.6 29.6 30.5 30.5 44.5 47.6 36.5
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s] DOW
XPS (30 mm)
(kW) 300
9593 250
200
150
100
50
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) DOW
RHR 30 s average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 668.4 W/s THR 600s = 15.90 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 30.171 kJ/s mARHE = 37.33 kW
250
9593
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) DOW
DOW
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 668.4 W/s THR 600s = 15.90 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 30.171 kJ/s mARHE = 37.33 kW
100
9593 90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 668.4 W/s THR 600s = 15.90 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 30.171 kJ/s mARHE = 37.33 kW
100
9593 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average
D
FIGRA t* average
D
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
33
LSF
TEST 5
TEST 4
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Extruded Polystyrene Foam (XPS) (thickness 30 mm)
BING
34
LSF
Extruded Polystyrene Foam (XPS) (thickness 60 mm)
9594-1 9594-2 9594-3 967.13 1143.90 1727.14 16.02 37.64 46.77 50.19 65.91 92.86 44.7 77.3 83.9
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 1279.4 33.5 69.7 68.6
BASF
XPS (6 (30 mm)
(kW) 300 9594 250 200 150 100 50 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s) BASF
RHR 30 s average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1279.4 W/s THR 600s = 33.48 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 68.618 kJ/s mARHE = 60.75 kW
250
9594
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) BASF
BASF
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1279.4 W/s THR 600s = 33.48 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 68.618 kJ/s mARHE = 60.75 kW
100
9594 90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1279.4 W/s THR 600s = 33.48 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 68.618 kJ/s mARHE = 60.75 kW
100
9594 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average
D
ARHE = 16 kW
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* average
D
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW 40
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s 40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
120
Time (s)
BING
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
35
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Extruded Polystyrene Foam (XPS) (thickness 60 mm)
BING
36
LSF
Expanded Polystyrene Foam (EPS) (thickness 30 mm)
9595-1 9595-2 9595-3 598.11 535.14 636.40 12.68 14.15 12.79 34.55 33.18 34.47 24.4 27.7 23.8
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 589.9 13.2 34.1 25.3
LAPE
EPS (60 (3 mm)
(kW) 100 9595
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s) LAPE
RHR 30 s average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 589.9 W/s THR 600s = 13.20 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.299 kJ/s mARHE = 34.01 kW
250
9595
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) LAPE
LAPE
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 589.9 W/s THR 600s = 13.20 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.299 kJ/s mARHE = 34.01 kW
100
9595 90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 589.9 W/s THR 600s = 13.20 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 25.299 kJ/s mARHE = 34.01 kW
100
9595 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average
D
FIGRA t* average
D
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
37
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Expanded Polystyrene Foam (EPS) (thickness 30 mm)
BING
38
LSF
Expanded Perlite (EPB) (thickness 30 mm)
9596-1 9596-2 9596-3 385.09 418.38 278.78 7.07 7.73 5.99 13.72 12.89 11.33 17.3 16.5 14.3
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 360.8 6.9 12.6 16.0
Peralit
Perlite (30 mm)
(kW) 50 9596
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s) Peralit
RHR 30 s average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 360.8 W/s THR 600s = 6.93 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.047 kJ/s mARHE = 12.34 kW
250
9596
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) Peralit
Peralit
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 360.8 W/s THR 600s = 6.93 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.047 kJ/s mARHE = 12.34 kW
100
9596 90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 360.8 W/s THR 600s = 6.93 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 16.047 kJ/s mARHE = 12.34 kW
100
9596 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average
D
FIGRA t* average
D
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
39
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Expanded Perlite (EPB) (thickness 30 mm)
BING
40
LSF
Mineral Wool (MW) (thickness 40 mm)
9597-1 9597-2 9597-3 32.02 24.25 110.91 1.61 0.89 2.69 2.70 2.15 5.54 3.1 1.8 5.8
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 55.7 1.7 3.5 3.6
Rockwool
Mineral fiber (40 mm)
(kW) 10 9597
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s) Rockwool
RHR 30 s average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 55.7 W/s THR 600s = 1.73 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 3.558 kJ/s mARHE = 3.21 kW
250
9597
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s) Rockwool
Rockwool
ARHE average
(kW)
FIGRA t* average
(kW) FIGRA 0.2MJ = 55.7 W/s THR 600s = 1.73 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 3.558 kJ/s mARHE = 3.21 kW
100
9597 90
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 55.7 W/s THR 600s = 1.73 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 3.558 kJ/s mARHE = 3.21 kW
100
9597 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average
D
FIGRA t* average
D
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
41
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Mineral Wool (MW) (thickness 40 mm)
BING
42
LSF
Expanded Cork (ICB) (thickness 30 mm)
9598-1 9598-2 9598-3 1956.54 2030.76 976.06 14.46 15.20 11.89 38.72 37.79 25.36 41.8 38.6 25.8
FIGRA [W/s] 0,2 MJ THR600s (=RHR integral) [MJ] mAHRE [kW] FIGRA t* 1200s [1000路MJ/s]
average 1654.5 13.9 34.0 35.4
LIS (kW) 140
Cork (30 mm)
9598
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800
Time (s) LIS
RHR 30 s average
(kW) 250
9598
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1654.5 W/s THR 600s = 13.85 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 35.376 kJ/s mARHE = 37.13 kW
E
200
D 150 RHR 30s average FIGRA = 120 W/s
C
FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
100
50
B 0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
1920
Time (s) LIS
LIS
ARHE average
(kW) 100
9598 90
FIGRA t* average
(kW) 100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1654.5 W/s THR 600s = 13.85 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 35.376 kJ/s mARHE = 37.13 kW
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 1654.5 W/s THR 600s = 13.85 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 35.376 kJ/s mARHE = 37.13 kW
9598 90
80
80
E
E
70
70
60
60 ARHE average
D
FIGRA t* average
D
ARHE = 16 kW
50
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
ARHE = 32 kW
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s
ARHE = 64 kW
FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40
40
30
30
C
20 10
C
20 10
B
0
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
0
Time (s)
BING
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
43
LSF
TEST 3
TEST 2
TEST 1
Expanded Cork (ICB) (thickness 30 mm)
BING
44
LSF
ANNEX C An other example showing that the classification obtained using FIGRA as defined in standard EN 13823 and used in EN 13501, doesn’t allow to evaluate the real materials level of danger, is represented by two products recently tested. In fact, if we consider the curves of the following materials: ‘alfa’ and ‘beta’ it can be observed as they have always a FIGRA in level B, but they produce a much more important fire than some products included in BING research program. The material ‘alfa’ reaches 50 kW at 759 seconds (medium power fire), sufficiently retarded from the fire starting in order to get a FIGRA lower than 120 W/s (limit for class B). Since the total heat released in the first 10 minutes (THR 600s) is 11,32 MJ, higher than 7,5 MJ that is the maximum limit for class B, the final euro-class is, in this case, C. Even considering the other two calculation systems - mARHE and FIGRA t* - at the proposed limits, the class would always be C. The material ‘beta’ reaches a peak of 84 kW after 1080 s, and at 900 s has already reached 40 kW, but in this case the heat is mainly produced after the first 10 minutes of test, so, a big part of the heat released is not considered and FIGRA remains at low levels. Also THR 600s remains below 7,5 MJ that is the limit of class B. Then, the final classification leads to class B. If only mAHRE or FIGRA t* calculations were considered, the result would be a class D, that should be much more appropriate.
BING
45
LSF
alfa
(kW) 250
200
RHR 30s max 30s t* 1200s FIGRA = 120 W/s FIGRA = 250 W/s FIGRA = 750 W/s
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 110.1 W/s Figra t* 1200s = 21.7 kJ/s mARHE = 20.13 kW
RHR: Rate of Heat Release net (kW)
THR 600s = THR 1200s =
E
11.32 MJ 19.46 MJ
49.75 759
D
kW max sec
897 sec t* at t=1500s
150 C 100 B 50
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960 1080 1200 1320 1440 1560 1680 1800 1920 Time (s)
Classification according to EN 13823: class C ARHE average (kW) 100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 109.9 W/s THR 600s = 11.30 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 21.6 kJ/s mARHE = 20.08 kW
alfa 90 80
E 70 60 ARHE average
D
ARHE = 16 kW ARHE = 32 kW
50
ARHE = 64 kW 40 30
C
20 10
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
FIGRA t* average (kW) 100
FIGRA 0.2MJ = 109.9 W/s THR 600s = 11.30 MJ FIGRA t* 1200s = 21.6 kJ/s mARHE = 20.08 kW
alfa 90 80
E 70 60 FIGRA t* average
D
FIGRA t* = 16 kJ/s
50
FIGRA t* = 32 kJ/s FIGRA t* = 64 kJ/s
40 30
C
20 10
B
0 0
120
240
360
480
600
720
840
960
1080
1200
1320
1440
1560
1680
1800
Time (s)
BING
46
LSF
BING Av. E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 6 - 1160 Brussels E-mail: secretariat@bing-europe.com Phone: +32 2 676 7352 Fax: +32 2 676 7479 The information contained in this publication is, to the best of our knowledge, true and accurate, but any recommendation or suggestions which may be made are without guarantee, since the conditions of use and the composition of source materials are beyond our control. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or its use.
BING Av. E. Van Nieuwenhuyse 6 - 1160 Brussels - Phone: +32 2 676 7352 - Fax: +32 2 676 7479 E-mail: secretariat@bing-europe.com