Issue 675 (30th Anniversary) - 13.11.17

EXE POSÉ

30

EDITION FOUR ISSUE 675 NOV 13-26 2017

YEARS OF

EXEPOSÉ

Owain Evans & Emma Bessent country, having won numerous awards. brands, changes of format, a brief reIn recognition of this milestone Exeposé naming, and a whole host of editorial Editors Exeposé, the University of Exeter’s in- has gone back to basics, with a throw- teams. dependent student newspaper, is 30 back black-and-white edition. years old this year.

Inside, you’ll find all of the usual con-

The inspiration for this newspaper comes tent that you would expect, plus a nifty

The newspaper was founded back in from some of the first issues produced pullout looking back at some of our fa1987 as little more than a pamphlet, on a computer, back in the autumn of vourite stories from across the years. providing the latest listings and cover- 1988, when ‘The Pasty They Tried To This whole issue is a celebration - and it’s ing what was going on in the Students’ Ban’ was the height of controversy.

dedicated to everybody who has helped

Guild. Now, 30 years later, Exeposé is Since then, Exeposé has gone through Exeposé to become what it is today. one of the top student newspapers in the a whole host of changes, from logo re- Here’s to the next 30!

EXE POSÉ University of Exeter Students’ Guild Devonshire House Exeter, Devon EX4 4PZ

Editors - Owain Evans & Emma Bessent Deputy Editors - Tash Ebbutt & Graham Moore Online Editors - Phoebe Davis & Ollie Lund editors@exepose.com News Editors - Megan Davies & Natalie Keffler Online - Ruby Bosanquet & Nicky Avasthi news@exepose.com Comment Editors - Alicia Rees & Malcolm Wong Online - Harry Bunting & Hannah Weiss comment@exepose.com Features Editors - James Angove & Isabel Taylor Online - Matthew Phillips & Daphne Bugler features@exepose.com Lifestyle Editors - Barbara Balogun & Lauren Geall Online - Bethan Gilson & Melissa Barker lifestyle@exepose.com Arts&Lit Editors - Mubanga Mweemba & Maddie Davies Online - Ellie Cook & Emily Garbutt artsandlit@exepose.com Music Editors - Alex Brammer & Maddy Parker Online - Chloe Edwards & George Stamp music@exepose.com Screen Editors - Ben Faulkner & Fenton Christmas Online - Johnny Chern & Molly Gilroy screen@exepose.com Science Editors - Leah Crabtree & Luke Smith Online - Ayesha Tandon & Rhys Davies sciandtech@exepose.com Sport Editors - Dorothea Christmann & Wil Jones Online - Michael Jones & Kieran Jackson sport@exepose.com Photographers - Lea Esteban & Christy Chin Copy Editors - George Pope, Jaysim Hanspal, Eloise Hardy & Hannah Kitt.

Proofers - Ben Faulkner, Chris Connor, Connor Gormley, Emily Garbutt, Fenton Christmas, Grant Miner, Isabel Taylor, Jack Morgan Jones, Jack Watts, James ‘Fruity’ Angrove, Johnny Chern, Maddy Parker, Matt Trenholm, Megan Davies, Molly Gilroy, William Narrop

For advertising, contact Kate Watkins at kate.watkins@exeterguild.com, (01392) 722607 The opinions expressed in Exeposé are not necessarily those of the Exeposé Editors nor the University of Exeter Students’ Guild. While every care is taken to ensure that the information in this publication is correct and accurate, the Publisher can accept no liability for any consequential loss or damage, however caused, arising as a result of using the information printed. The Publisher cannot accept liability for any loss or damage to artwork or material submitted. The contents of this, unless stated otherwise, are copyright of the Publisher. Reproduction in any form requires the prior consent of the Publisher.

Editorial 1987 – what a year. The Simpsons took to our screens for the first time, development plans for Disneyland Paris were approved, and the search for Nessie was finally called off after a $1.6 million investment revealed absolutely sod all. As world population boomed to an estimated 5 billion, Patrick Swayze broke at least 70% of those hearts whilst he strutted across the silver screen in Dirty Dancing. The Order of the Garter was opened up to female candidates… oh, and some bright spark had the idea of founding probably the best student newspaper ever, our very own Exeposé.

From the dastardly pasty whose prohibition our alumni campaigned against in ’88 to the infamous biscuit scandal of February 2016, we were delighted to see that food has always been at the forefront of Exeposé’s cutting edge journalism.

As we trawled the online and physical archives of our predecessor’s work, we discovered a wealth of stories that seemed all too familiar to Exeter students in the present day; the fight to keep private housing in Exeter fair and open, student crises in physical and mental health care, disruptive building works on campus, Sabb elections, tuition fee

contention – it seems that the only thing more timeless than back issues of Exeposé is the complete works of Shakespeare.

This issue is full of anniversary specials: check out Page 14 for a glance at how our campus has changed, Page 22 for some of the best music releases in 1987, Page 26 for a list of the most influential 80s films, and Page 34 to check out the biggest advances in science since our paper was founded. We’ve also got a pullout looking back at some of our favourite issues!

There’s also lots of our regular content in here, too. Comment are keeping up ‘Vegetable Corner’ (Page 8), Features look back at the Reformation (Page 12), Screen takes a peek at documentaries (Page 28), and Sport look at how Exeter swept the board and got to “crap” on everyone (apparently, this was a back page headline once!).

So if those deadlines have got you down in the dumps, put down the books and take a trip back in time with us.

Until next time, Owain and Emma.

30 YEARS OF

EXEPOSÉ

A special thanks to the current Exeposé team for their efforts putting this issue together, and to all of those who have worked on Exeposé across the years

NEWS

NORTHCOTT THEATRE CELEBRATES FIFTIETH

Lauren Geall Lifestyle Editor Exeter’s Northcott Theatre is celebrating its 50th anniversary with a charity gala on Sunday 12 November, featuring a range of performances from some stand-out names. Officially launching the celebrations, actors such as Ruby Bentall, Bertie Carvel, and Alex Kingston will take part in the gala in order to raise funds for the theatre.

Opening on 2 November 1967 with a production of The Merchant of Venice, the Northcott brought theatre back to the area following the demolishing of Exeter’s Theatre Royal in 1962.

Aiming to serve the needs of the local community, businessman George Northcott established a trust of over £100,000 to build the Northcott Devon Theatre and Arts Centre on the Streatham campus.

Throughout its history, the theatre has played an important role in maintaining Exeter’s theatrical scene, as well as launching the careers of wellknown television and film performers including Celia Imrie, Imelda Staunton, and David Suchet.

Nowadays, the theatre is still thriving. As well as providing great access to theatre for students, the North-

cott also provides entertainment for the rest of Exeter and beyond.

Now under the artistic direction of Paul Jepson, the theatre has become a new model regional theatre, providing a hub of varied and entertaining shows.

As well as welcoming touring shows, the theatre has also been focusing on its own productions, with recent shows such as The Comedy of Errors and The Railway Children proving popular.

As well as this, the theatre has also engaged and created a range of innovative projects, including the radical interdisciplinary programme IMPACT, a partnership with the University of Exeter, and the Associates Programme, which supports up and coming theatre companies.

Paul Jepson, current artistic and executive director, is confident that the Northcott is heading in the right direction.

“Our National Tour of The Railway Children has received rave reviews, we’ve just co-produced the tour of People, Places & Things with Headlong, the National and Home, we’ve had first visits from great leading edge companies like Complicite & Gecko, we’ve gone back to Summer Shakespeare with our Graduate Company… Attendance is up – significantly – and our audiences are becoming more diverse.”

20TH MUSEUM ANNIVERSARY Bea Fones News Team The university is currently celebrating twenty years since the opening of the UK’s foremost moving-image museum. The Bill Douglas Cinema Museum showcases over 80,000 objects relating to film and cinema, many collected over 30 years by renowned filmmaker Bill Douglas, widely acknowledged as one of Britain’s greatest directors, alongside his friend Peter Jewell. The collection showcases their passion for film history and culture, and includes the first book published in Britain describing a projected image from 1658 and a Lumière Cinématographe, the type of camera used to make and project the first film shows.

The Museum allows visitors to explore the history of moving and projected images, with exhibits spanning nearly four centuries. After Douglas’ death, Jewell donated around 50,000 objects, to the University of Exeter. After cataloguing and installation (led by experts Prof. Richard Maltby and Dr Richard Crangle) was completed, the museum opened to the public in 1997.

Dr Phil Wickham, the curator of the museum, said “The museum is now the foremost museum of moving image history in the UK – nowhere else can compare to its breadth, depth, and accessibility.”

The museum and its collections are a unique asset for the University, and for the South West, and more and more people are discovering its delights.”

The museum documents a people’s history of the moving image, with the audience experience playing a pivotal role in the diverse collection, also home to material on Hollywood stars and merchandise produced for current blockbuster films.

The museum, which now houses the archives of Bill Douglas himself, as well as other independent British filmmakers such as Don Boyd, Gavrik Losey and Kames Mackay, is free to enter and is open to all every day. As well as being open to the public, it is used for teaching and research by academics at the university, and by film experts around the world who come to work with the artefacts and records in the collection.

EDITORS Megan Davies Natalie Keffler news@exepose.com

TURTLES TRACKED USING FORENSICS

Alex Wingrave News Team

Researchers from the University of Exeter have used satellite tracking and ‘stable isotope ratios’, a chemical signature technique typically used in crimescene forensics, to discover which foraging grounds green turtles breeding in Cyprus have come from.

Their findings were published in the Marine Ecology Progress Series, and have shown that Lake Bardawil, a shallow saline lake on Egypt’s north coast, has emerged as the most important foraging ground for the turtles. “Five out of five” of the turtles tracked using the new isotope visited this lake, according to Professor Brendan Godley; the study suggests that increased use of Lake Bardawil by turtle populations is due to changes in their ecosystem.

Green turtles can swim hundreds of miles between their breeding and feeding grounds, and the research suggests that they keep going back to the same places, with 82 per cent of females displaying ‘extremely high’ consistency in their isotope ratios. Dr Phil Bradshaw stated that the new ‘more reliable’ technique ‘can be used to measure the success of future conservation efforts.’

CLIMATE CHANGE THREAT

Allegra Catelli News Team New research in The Lancet medical journal has shown that falls in rural productivity and labour are underway and worsening, particularly in countries that are highly affected by economic inequality.

Not only were 803,000 deaths in 2015 reported as premature and avoidable as a result of air pollution in Asian countries, but people affected by heatwaves have increased substantially.

With such a widespread effect on public health, inaction in these respects would have very serious repercussions on a global scale and undermine considerable gains in public health. Challenges are much greater today, the report states that this emergency could be an opportunity for significant advances, hopefully governments and policies will follow.

A statement by the director of the WHO - “climate change is happening and it’s a health issue today for millions worldwide’’ - has never been more true than today. Climate change is an issue that has to be dealt with with the upmost priority.

PLEASANT PHEASANT BECOMES CALLINGALL ENTREPRENEURS CAMPUS RESIDENT Megan Davies News Editor Brewster, a lone pheasant, has set up residence in a sculpture on the Streatham campus and appears to think that his own reflection is another pheasant, treating his multiple reflections in the sculpture like rivals.

University staff have named the pheasant Brewster after Sir David Brewster, a physicist mainly known for his study of optics and for inventing the kaleidoscope.

Brewster has been treating his refection like fellow pheasants, and animal behaviour experts from the University say that he mistakes them for rival pheasants who have moved into his territory.

Dr Joah Madden researches animal behaviour, often focusing on pheasants. He found that pheasants have small brains and are very likely to be run over, more so than other birds. He said that “by putting up a mirror sculpture, we have put potential opponents there and when he moves they seem to move towards him. It must be particularly disconcerting.”

Naome Glanville, the University’s Arts and Culture Co-ordinator - who can see Brewster from her office said: “The pheasant arrived on campus this spring and has been arousing the curiosity of visitors to the University’s sculpture walk as he peers at himself in the reflected facets of the sculpture, no doubt convinced he is looking at a rival. He obviously likes the company of his reflected friend, as he has decided to stay put there. We are delighted that he feels at home on campus and has been taken into the affections of staff

and students”.

The sculpture by Kenny Munro, titled “Reflected Visions”, which is outside the Bill Douglas Museum, has three double-sided mirrors.

PAYING VIA MESSENGER: INNOVATIVE OR TOO FAR? Graham Moore Deputy Editor Facebook is bringing its integrated payments feature to the UK, enabling you to pay your friends instantly and – relatively – painlessly. Messenger Payments released across the US back in 2015, but is only now going international, rolling out across the UK this November. According to a survey conducted by Messenger, 52% of British residents find talking about money and outstanding payments with friends awkward; meanwhile, 72% would prefer to settle payments on the spot to avoid “uncomfortable follow-ups”.

David Marcus, Head of Messenger at Facebook, has said: “It’s these every day moments we’re trying to make a little easier.

“We’ve seen that in the US the majority of people use payments in Messenger to send less than $50 at a time,” he continued. It is likely that these trends will continue once the system goes live in the UK. That is, if it gains traction - the concept itself is not entirely new. Several UK banks already have apps available for making transactions on the go, with somewhat muted results - so what makes Facebook, in its de-

branded Messenger form, think it will fare any better?

Messenger’s survey found that 35% of their sample wanted a more expressive way to send money, and were looking for greater communication between payer and payee, not just a simple and speedy way to pay. Of these 35%, 67% were interested in including a text-based message, whilst 49% wanted to send emoticons and 25% would like to add GIFs. This communicative aspect is where Facebook could find its gap in the market, as current instant payment services remain distinctly impersonal. Another appealing aspect is the simple fact that Payments will be integrated into an app that a vast amount of people already have on their devices, and will therefore present an easy option for those looking to make quick interpersonal transactions.

Yet as Facebook muscles in on yet another aspect of our daily lives, we have to ask: why? When Facebook’s user base seems to be shifting into older age demographics, and a clear effort is being made to rebrand many of its products away from the ‘Facebook’ name, why is the social media giant seeking to become the go-to provider for yet another basic service? Where, if the feature does indeed become successful, will it take us next? And - most importantly - which GIF best expresses impending financial ruin?

Natalie Keffler News Editor From 17 to 19 November, Startup Weekend, a 54hour event during which people can develop any current ideas they have which could possibly making a positive difference to society, is being hosted at University of Exeter’s Business School.

This event is open to anyone with a new product or idea, with the result to hopefully be for them to turn these initial ideas into a possible business.

Students will be placed into teams pitching their idea to a panel of experts, whilst business mentors will be on hand throughout the weekend to give talks on their personal business experiences and share their wisdom.

The Business School at The University of Exeter was recently voted as having the top MBA program for sustainable social change, so with this in mind - and knowing that some of Exeter’s most recognised entrepreneurs will be returning for the event - this is set to be a great experience.

Adam Lusby, Circular Economy Specialist at the University said: “The Business School is delighted to be hosting Exeter’s seventh Startup Weekend. I am particularly pleased that this edition will focus on creating business with purpose, which reminds participants about their core values, helping to create a more engaged and connected society. All businesses want to make money, but the majority also want to make a difference and we are eager to help them with that.”

Tickets for the weekend are available from Eventbrite. For more information contact Natalie Collard.

LINE UP FOR CHRISTMAS LIGHT SWITCH ON Natalie Keffler News Editor

It has been confirmed that two of the Exeter Chief wingers, Olly Woodburn and Jack Nowell, will be switching on this year’s Christmas lights in the city centre.

The event is taking place on Thursday 16 November; entertainment will begin from 4pm, and the switch on itself is set to take place at 7pm.

Performances will be occurring from Jonah & The Superband, a Festive House Band, and Exeter Cathedral Choristers. Ann Hunter, InExeter and Exeter BID manager, has said of the event “Kick off your countdown to Christmas in the heart of Exeter as we celebrate an incredible evening filled with festive family fun.

“We’re delighted to have the Exeter Chiefs switch on our lights which will illuminate the whole city and thrilled that our Star InExeter competition winners will entertain the crowds with their uplifting music. It’s an evening not to be missed.”

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COMMENT

EDITORS Alicia Rees Malcolm Wong comment@exepose.com

THE EVOLUTION OF UNI

Beth Lindsay Contributor As students at Exeter University in 2017, it seems bizarre that for over 100 years now students have been driving the locals mad and trudging up Forum Hill. As Exeposé reaches its 30th anniversary, looking back even that far seems completely alien.

It’s hard to picture hand-writing an essay without Google or being able to panic about it to your course friends on your Facebook group chat. Let’s get down to the important stuff, though: the price of a pint has almost quadrupled since the 80s. On the other hand, do I really want to live in a world where jägerbombs don’t exist?

As I show up to my lecture and whip out my laptop, ready to bash out some neat and detailed notes (and definitely not catch-up on my newsfeed), I look around and see some of my fellow students still stuck in the dark ages, no doubt getting hand cramp as they hunch, scribbling frantically over notebooks that will probably end up going missing a week or so before exams. But it does make you wonder: are we so stuck in our ways that we are blind to the possibility that the traditional approach might be best?

The existence of lecture recordings is another one of modern technology’s glorious achievements.

Students can rest easy in the knowledge that should

the worst happen and they are unable to make a lecture, more likely than not it will be available online, and they will be able to act as though they never missed it at all. But before the age of ELE, imagine having to hunt down your friend’s crudely written notes and just keep your fingers crossed that they had paid enough attention. I have heard many of my lecturers complain that students feel like they don’t have to come to their 8.30s because they know the lecture will be recorded. I do agree that by completing most of your course from the comfort of your own room you miss a fundamental part of the university experience, walking into your early morning lecture with a bucket of coffee and complaining “it’s so early” to everyone you see. But sticking to your timetable does make you feel like you’ve done something with your day and gives students some much needed structure.

30 years ago was the romanticised golden age of no mobile phones, when if plans were made you had to stick to them. No last-minute text messages saying, “sorry I can’t make it” - if someone didn’t show up you had to assume that either something had come up or they were dead. But as I think about the role that Facebook has played in my university experience, notifying me of events coming up that my friends are going to and keeping me up to date with the societies and sports that I am a part of, I can’t help but pity our predecessors who had to

make sure they showed up to every society meeting or ensure they kept up with what was going on at their favourite bars. Indeed, if you wanted to make a phone call to your parents, friends from home or a long-distance girlfriend or boyfriend whilst in halls, you would have to be prepared to queue for the payphone and wait for anyone else who wanted to catch up with their loved ones to finish their conversations first.

Despite the suggestions that we live in a technologyobsessed age it clearly adds to our university experience, and frankly I pity the first writers for Exeposé 30 years ago who would have had to handwrite their articles before trudging up to the newspaper office for it to get typed up and published.

ULTIMATE HOUSING GUIDE Lauren Geall Lifestyle Editor When it comes to house-hunting, every year seems to be the same. As October comes to an end, whispers start to spread around campus, with debates such as private landlord vs agency, big vs. small house and location vs price circling the library. Coming from the perspective of a third year, I can stand back and watch the process happen, remaining smug that I won’t be chasing landlords around Exeter this year. From my two years of experience, I’m here to share my knowledge, in an attempt to make the house hunting process less stressful and frustrating.

To begin with, the people you share your house with are just as important as the house itself. Whilst you may have been able to avoid certain flatmates this year, in a house: everything is just that little bit more intimate. Away from the accommodation staff, it’s up to you to manage communal space, cleanliness, and everything in-between. It can be easy to forget the fact that you actually have to share a lot with these people; do you really want to hunt down dubious smells all year just because someone refuses to clear up their plates?

I don’t think so.

Another thing to consider is the price range you’re

all prepared to pay. It is possible to get houses on the cheaper end of the scale, but you’ve got to have a discussion about what kind of situation you’re looking for: would you rather have a cheaper, slightly less nice house, or is it better to spend more for comfort? You don’t want to get halfway through your viewings before someone lets it slip that they won’t live anywhere which isn’t completely modernised and then find yourself stuck paying £150 a week.

When it comes to location, I’ve got it down. Having lived on Devonshire Place last year and Springfield Road this year, I’ve lost any rights to moan about the walk to campus compared to friends who have lived on the other side of Polsloe Road. Again, this is something to discuss with your housemates when you begin to look. It’s fine to be a 45-minute walk away from campus if you find the house which is right for you, but

it’s important to consider how this might affect your commitments. If you’re someone who finds themselves on campus a lot, it may be a good idea to search for one closer (or brave the hills and get a bike, sweatiness unfortunately included).

The final question you’ll need to ask is whether you’re looking for a private landlord or an agency. Whereas an agency can be a great way to find a lot of houses quickly and have someone oversee the process, the added administration fees can be an extra expense.

Having gone with private landlords for both of my houses, I would highly recommend it. Not only does it mean you don’t have to pay extra, but it also means you can go straight to your landlord with any problems so when something goes wrong, they can get it fixed quickly. In my experience, an added bonus also happens to be their generous nature; my housemates have been given bottles of rum, gin, and wine just for moving in or letting people view the house (in fact, our last landlord was even disappointed we hadn’t thrown more parties throughout the year).

I may have been lucky when it comes to housing, but it is possible to find yourself a house which works for everyone. Communication is key: make sure to let everyone share their opinions, and if you like a house, get it as quickly as possible. Houses in Exeter don’t wait for anyone!

EIGHTEEN AND KEEN Isabelle Gray Contributor “You know Exeter is just for Oxbridge rejects right?”

“Exeter is just another playground for rich kids.” These kind of comments were ringing in my ear in the lead up to my move here to Exeter. Truth is, I didn’t really care what people thought of my choice - from about 16 I had been eyeing up Exeter, and I had fallen in love with my course. Every time I researched another course it just didn’t live up to it. Not to mention, Exeter was the first place I got an offer from and by far the most prestigious, and from that moment I knew that this was the place for me.

So, I was set on Exeter as being the university for me, but the prospect of university itself I wasn’t so sure about. Before starting university, I didn’t have that itch for a new adventure that everyone around me seemed

to have. My life was pretty perfect, I had my family, my friends, my boyfriend down the road and a lovely pub job. Things were good, so saying goodbye to somewhere so comfortable and full of happy memories was really difficult for me. Of course, there were so many elements of university I was excited for. Mainly my course, but also becoming independent and finally feeling like an adult. I was looking forward to it, but I was far from desperate to leave.

One part of me that was holding me back from feeling excited about the prospect of university was my anxiety. Obviously, moving hours away from everything you have ever known is an extremely daunting thought. My anxiety about university made me feel physically sick, and I would get so anxious that I would often consider not going at all. Now I am here, and having such an amazing time, I am so glad that I didn’t listen to those anxious thoughts that’d gnaw away at me. If I could tell myself that I could go to university without pretty much any problems or drama, I would have laughed. “No! Of course you won’t get on with your flatmates and your course will be way too hard and the club nights will put you to sleep. That’s just how it is for anxious little things like you!” Apart from the club nights part being slightly true, I couldn’t have been more wrong. I have a lovely flat and my course, whilst challenging, is extremely rewarding.

NIGHTMARE BEFORE CHRISTMAS Alex Wingrave Contributor I am a November baby. So let me make it very clear that once Halloween is over and the pumpkins have all miserably rotted away, it’s time to unashamedly celebrate the glorious occasion of my birth for an entire hedonistic month. For some reason, though, my housemates, and just about everyone else in Exeter, insist on celebrating some irrelevant holiday called Christmas as soon as the clock strikes midnight on 1 November.

Don’t get me wrong, I love Christmas as much as the next elf - but there’s a time and a place for baubles and brussel sprouts, and November is not it. However no-one seems to agree with me; my housemate has already watched four Christmas movies and has Michael Bublé’s hilariously insecure version of ‘Santa Baby’ on repeat, like some kind of madwoman. It’s only a matter of time before this insanity spreads and everyone’s favourite festive tunes are blaring out in every public space, Mariah Carey and Bing Crosby chasing you down the high street with their impossibly catchy jingles. There’s never even any decent snowfall to comfort me or fool me that it is actually Yuletide; cheers, global warming.

Christmas is a magical time of year, all about spending time with your loved ones, hoping they give you good presents, and eating so much that you fall into a short coma and don’t wake up until New Year’s Eve, a few stone heavier and a lot happier. I can’t help but feel that starting celebrations so early ruins the magic a little bit. It also means that because of the endless joys of capitalism, every big company uses Christmas as an excuse to shove a million different things down your

throat. No, Cadbury’s, I don’t want to spend extortionate prices on a chocolate Santa more hollow and fragile than my masculinity – you’ve already broken my heart enough with Freddo inflation.

Maybe we’re lacking a decent occasion to fill the void between Halloween and Christmas. I think it’s time to remember, remember Guy Fawkes Night and elevate it to the mighty status of those month-long celebrations. We need fireworks every night for weeks, bonfires blazing high in every park, effigies of anyone and everyone being lit by angry mobs in the street until society comes crashing down. In other words, a real distraction to fill the empty space in our hearts so we can properly appreciate the warm hug of December and chug mulled wine to combat the frost.

Ultimately, I think it’s too soon to celebrate Christmas yet, and not just because I want to spend November drunkenly and narcissistically celebrating myself.

However, that might be because I’m bitter and jaded and I hate fun, so honestly, throw caution to the wind and wear an ugly jumper with a reindeer on it to your 8:30 lecture, because what is there to lose. Bah, humbug.

As we all know, Exeter as a university does have a bit of an ‘Oxbridge rejects’/’Surrey private school kids’ stereotype. As someone from a very small state school in south London, it was certainly a culture shock. I was so well accustomed to living in such a multicultural area with all different types of people. But, in reflection, letting these little rumours worry me was silly.

Rumours never automatically equate to fact, and having this culture shock has only made me more grateful for London’s ever-growing diversity and my hope that other places will be as diverse as it is. I’ve met a whole realm of people here who have completely challenged my expectations.

All in all, I’ve learnt that no matter what your initial prospects for university are, you just never know until it happens. Freshers Week is a bit weird, you tell strangers your “life story” at 3am on Monday night, you meet someone one day and think “Wow, this is going to be my new best mate”, forget to ask for their Facebook and never see them again. You get homesick - but what is home now?

I wasn’t keen to go to university, I had a good life that I wasn’t ready to say goodbye too, but now I have a good life here and back home. I’m getting more creative opportunities than ever, and getting good feedback on essays. Pretty good for an Oxbridge reject in a world full of private school kids, eh?

TELL ME WHAT YOUR SECRET IS Agony McAuntface Resident Agony Aunt I fancy this guy but he keeps saying he doesn’t have time for a relationship. What should I do?

The first thing I’d suggest is to establish whether this guy fancies you back. Then you can figure out if him ‘having no time’ is an excuse to soften the blow or a genuine reason. If it’s an excuse, I’m afraid it’s not meant to be. If it’s a genuine reason, again there’s not much you can do. Maybe offer to just be casual but if that’s the case, set out your boundaries early. No one enjoys a messy ending.

My life is a mess and everything is swirling around and all I can think is how to eat a donut in five seconds help please.

Okay so first of all, babe, breathe. Eating a donut in five seconds is going to give you some serious indigestion, you better have those rennies handy. Everyone goes through phases where they think their life is a mess. Around exam season especially, it can be hard. Reach out to friends, family, or university services (like the fucking awesome-balls Expos committee).

A slightly embarrassing one, but how can I clean vomit out of my carpet? Was slightly worse for wear in TP...

Yeah, not something you really want to ask your mum, I get it. Vomit is a bitch of a stain but the secret is: Vanish and bicarb. Squirt some vanish, rub it in, sprinkle a bit of bicarbonate of soda, leave for half an hour and voila! the stain will be no more.

PERKS OF READING WEEK Libby Stalbow Contributor For those of us lucky enough to have a reading week, it’s mostly viewed as the one bright spot on a very dark horizon of deadlines and pre-Christmas stress.

Freshers, you won’t have experienced the avalanche of December essays, but they’re coming for you. Regardless, reading week is an opportunity for relaxation and recuperation for all years. It alleviates the panic for second years who’ve finally realised their work counts now, for third years who are hiding from their dissertation and, even first years who are still carrying freshers flu around like the plague; everyone just needs a home cooked meal and their mum sometimes.

While having a meal with all the necessary vitamins and vegetables included is a novelty, the simple joy of opening the fridge when you get home and seeing food that you are not economically responsible for putting there is incomprehensible. Seeing more types of cheese than just your bog-standard cheddar, and food that is all well within date is like opening the door to

Narnia. This variety of food choice and separation from the university atmosphere can also help to finally kick freshers flu, months after you contracted it, because illness at university rarely goes away until your mum physically forces Lemsip, Vitamin C, and a balanced diet down your throat.

It might just be me, but at university there also seems to be an engrained fear of tea towels. Can you remember when they were last washed? And are you completely aware of everything they’ve been used to wipe up? Uni houses are breeding grounds for bacteria but at home, you are 100% safe in the knowledge that surfaces have been wiped down, the toilets have been bleached and that tea towels definitely don’t need to be treated as a source of trepidation.

A hot shower with acceptable water pressure is also a luxury that you do not appreciate while living at home full-time, along with central heating that you’re actually allowed to use. In uni houses, you layer up or you freeze because the reluctance to spend money on heating bills is extreme. You invest in a dressing gown and slipper socks, because students believe gold dust runs through the pipes rather than hot water. Parents do not

quite share this belief and, as a result, they’re willing to thaw the ice living in their student offspring when we come home for reading week.

And do you know who else enjoys walking into a toasty warm house? My cat. I’m not ashamed to say that I sometimes miss him more than my best friend, my boyfriend and my parents combined. For any other pet owners out there, I’m sure you’ll agree that this isn’t even an exaggerated statement. One thing my home will always have over uni is my cat and, as a result, reading week is a necessity as it accommodates for cat cuddles. My parents showing him a grainy picture of my face over FaceTime isn’t enough; he needs to physically feel my love and affection to make up for the heartbreak I have surely caused by leaving him.

So, some people may see reading week as the Promised Land, while others may only be going home to stop their parents from nagging them. However, sometimes you just need to go home to understand how much you miss it. Also, it’s difficult to procrastinate when your parents are muttering about the £9000 going on your degree, especially as reading is the technical point of reading week…or so they tell me.

VEGETABLE CORNER KALE

ASPARAGUS

POTATO

Deepa Lalwani Contributor

Neha Shaji Contributor

Olivia Denton Contributor

A few years ago, I returned home from a day of sixth form that had been filled with daydreams about my future uni life (probably didn’t think I’d be writing 250 words about a vegetable) and what was for dinner. Blessed with the perks of living at home and blissfully unaware about what my mum was about to tell me was “healthy”, I waltzed into the kitchen only to find a bowl full of some unidentifiable leafy green: kale.

Don’t get me wrong, I’m fully in support of most “millennial fads”, including obsessively collecting rose-gold items, that gif where the pizza guy walks into a burning room, having fake and/or real cacti everywhere, or even putting avocado on everything (mainly because of that guy that said you could buy a house if you didn’t). For me though, kale is a step too far – it’s even worse than its already tasteless sibling cabbage, it has a slimy consistency if boiled and fried it’s like cardboard, it smells weird, and at Tesco it’s £4/kg when you can get broccoli for half the price.

Even the food critic who first popularised kale in the 70s is apologetic about it, declaring it the “black sheep” of its veggie family. It might be called a superfood but there’s nothing super about kale, especially not in crisp form – if you want crisps just live your life and get Walkers; better yet splash out on those Sensations ones that actually taste good and have more than five in a packet.

The chill cousin sitting between you and your significant other, asparagus is the raised eyebrows and ‘you thought this was a date?’ of vegetables. If you’re knocking up a steak for someone you are certainly only friends with, why not serve a side of asparagus with it?

Lanky and sarcastic on the corner of your plate, drizzled with olive oil, asparagus is certain to turn any romantic steak into platonic steak.

Asparagus connoisseurs describe the season for growing the smooth side dish as ‘not too wet and not too dry.’ An asparagus analyst (such as myself) would take that to mean the vegetable is neither soggy enough to insinuate romance, nor dry and curt enough to cut off a friendship altogether. Indeed, even if you overcook the asparagus and your dinner partner suddenly sees lurid white bulbs as candlelight and hears the screams of freshers as Bach – no fear, just mention how asparagus promotes healthy bacteria in the gut and prevents bloating or gas – and the meal will happily reside into platonic bliss.

Asparagus is also, helpfully, a mild diuretic – if our lovely lady or gentleman feels that prime levels of “this is not a date” need to be achieved, shovel some of our favourite vegetable and you’ll be rushing off to the loo in no time. With so many helpful qualities, it’s a godsend that the green saviour dubbed by the British Asparagus site as “the hero vegetable” grows ten centimetres a day – unlike any plausible romantic possibilities!

“Love is not love which alters when it alteration finds.”

We can only assume that Shakespeare was referencing the deliciously alternating and succulently shapeshifting potato. The potato is often disregarded because people don’t know where to place it, you cannot pin the potato down, and that’s where its magic lies. The potato can be transformed into luscious mash, drizzled with gravy and enjoyed on cold Sundays. The potato can be baked into a jacket, smothered in cheese or chilli. The potato can be serenely sliced to dauphinoise or fried to create the most beautiful creation – chips. I don’t care how my potato chooses to come to me, in whatever delectable disguise, the potato warms the cockles of my heart. The potato’s plush texture understands what the human heart desires, warmth, companionship, energy and love.

So, why have we rejected the potato? This fruit of the earth has been the victim of a bad rep from the 21st century Western world, and I think that’s because of the demonisation of baser carbohydrates. The potato has always occupied that space of being a fake vegetable, and pushed into the category of carb. But what if we want to fight that power? What if we want to disregard what society tells us? What if we want to make the potato a vegetable again? The potato is always pushing the boundaries of what is possible, and I urge us all to reclaim this delicious spud and strive to be more like the humble potato!

Your housing guide.

Your guide to housing in your second year and beyond.

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FEATURES

EDITORS James Angove Isabel Taylor features@exepose.com

A NEW WAVE FOR FEMINISM?

Jac Lewis Contributor We are all gripped in a spasm of the virtual; our very self-identity co-exists in a dizzying thrall of abstraction and digital identities. Traces of human interaction are so caught up in the quickening speed of techno-innovation that smartphone screens have become achingly emotional supplements for real life. Online connections between people can happen worldwide and instantly, far beyond the closed communities of two centuries ago, interspersed alongside the spectral digitised currents of global Capital.

But advanced technologies have not only engineered and re-purposed our international economy and wider society, a cybernetic link is now expanding between AI and the human brain itself.

In 2008, brain-machine interface (BMI) company BrainGate developed a chip which, when implanted in the brain, responds to neuronal activity with a nearby computer which interprets these impulses as actions. In practice, a paralysed man was able to command and move icons across a screen using only his mind. Now, in August 2017 SpaceX and Tesla mogul Elon Musk has invested an additional $27 million into his major BMI project Neuralink, which he hopes will connect the human mind directly with the internet through micron-sized devices to be inserted in the brain. Musk dreams of a world of “consensual telepathy” between people who have overcome the livelihood risks of AI and automation with our own mental internet, dubbed “neural lace” (a term inspired by the public telepathic network of Iain Banks’ sci-fi Culture book series). Whether this effort to control the frenzied neuronal traffic of our brains on such a mass-scale will be successful is unsure. But what this futurist enthusiasm in the business world shows is that our very humanity is adapting and rapidly coalescing with the artificial intimacy of technology.

It is this common space between virtual simulation and human identity that is generating new zones of political activism. Earlier this year Laboria Cuboniks, an online feminist collective, released a manifesto that quickly circulated on social media. “Xenofeminism: A Politics for Alienation” sees the anxiety and mayhem of 21st century techno-alienation, not as hopelessly dispiriting, but as a boundless creative impetus for new gender identities, new politics of fluidity and new systems of desire spiral-

ling out of the machinic nexus – “We are all alienated, but have we ever been otherwise? ... Freedom is not a given–and it’s certainly not given by anything ‘natural’.

The construction of freedom involves not less but more alienation; alienation is the labour of freedom’s construction.” Reading its title, ‘Xenofeminism’, alone suggests a feminism that is reserved for all that is alien, for the shifting multiplicity of identities (the trans and queer), those dubbed “unnatural” who experience the fixed social and organic orders that persist through the sway of biological standards - “Essentialist naturalism reeks of theology – the sooner it is exorcised, the better”. In brief, ‘Xenofeminism’ is a plea for a post-human technological accelerationism as a means to progressive gender-abolitionist ends.

Surprisingly, this futurist vision of a post-gender world does not appear in most of today’s prophetic sci-fi. Despite what was termed by critics as a “post-human vision of capitalism”, Blade Runner 2049 presents a late corporate culture that has intensified gender roles rather than having displaced them. Giant holograms of seductive women, once the hazy backdrop of flickering commercial screens in the original Blade Runner, now populate Los Angeles, teasing and interacting with citizens directly. All of the sex workers depicted in the film are female. Robyn Wright’s LAPD Lt. Joshi is essentially an archetype of the “Nanny State”, the maternal instinct of legal structures to curtail Wallace Corp’s self-destructive commercial advances.

Sylvia Hoeks’ replicant Luv is a classic femme-fatale.

Ana de Armas’ holographic Joi is simply a fantasy-construction of the central character, K. ‘Spoiler Alert’, but all three of these characters also have to die near the end of the film. Not only does this future society appear to be based almost entirely around the wish-fulfilment of old heteronormative desire, but even the female characters in the film remain symbolically gendered within traditional cinematic laws.

Now, am I being unfair? The reason for Blade Runner’s status as amongst the greatest films of sci-fi is precisely for its concerns over self-commodification and fabricated human identity (which in the replicants’ case, involves the imbedding of false memories as a support for their ‘true’ selfhood). Denis Villeneuve’s sequel could be crudely highlighting this anxiety with its hypersexualisation of women, and it is true that it also undermines human reproductive imperatives when the android replicants are shown to be capable of having children. But if the film is showing a development of capitalism toward post-human stages, with the market’s de-centred arrays of power, incessant demand for progress and the destabilised identities and orientations that follow it, then why is there not a more fluid or challenging depiction of gender in Blade Runner 2049? Granted it is a sci-fi utopia that runs opposite to the Blade Runner universe. But Iain Banks’ intergalactic Culture with its anarchic mass-availability of physical gender as a malleable lifestyle choice, is one of a few that responds to questions of gender identity as caught up in the merging boundaries of humanity and technology.

Right now you might be wondering: marginalised trans and queer people still campaign under identity politics or an LGBTQ+ activist framework, what is so different

about ‘Xenofeminism’ other than its slightly pretentious title? Currently the way we are going means human nature is facing profound changes, with biogenetic innovation and cybernetic intervention in the brain only a part of this techno-enhanced change, and ‘Xenofeminism’ as a radical gender politics responds to these complex new realities.

“A sense of the world’s volatility and artificiality seems to have faded from contemporary queer and feminist politics, in favour of a plural but static constellation of gender identities, whose bleak light equations of the good and the natural are stubbornly restored”. ‘Xenofeminism’ is fiercely anti-essentialist; there are no permanent grounds of identity and being. It is also opposed to contemporary identity politics and eco-feminism in that it moves beyond mere resistance to the “straight white patriarchy” in order to simply “accept” and “tolerate” fringe identities (and in so doing recognises that even patriarchy, though influential, is no longer a hegemonic position today, but another gendered component of the de-centred global network). In light of our complex time, scientific novelty can rather be united with the gender non-conforming to erase any trace of ‘natural identity’ and the repressive agendas that come with them. “Xenofeminism is about more than digital self-defence and freedom from patriarchal networks. We want to cultivate … freedom-to rather than simply freedom-from and urge feminists to equip themselves with the skills to redeploy existing technologies and invent novel cognitive and material tools in the service of common ends.”

This is what ‘Xenofeminism’ is all about and what it tells us about our time – that unbridled technological process is hurtling towards an era that will redefine the human. Access to digital networks has never been more widespread, more frequently consumed and, most importantly, more open to political guidance and advancement – “Xenofeminism seeks to strategically deploy existing technologies to re-engineer the world”. The destructive and dehumanising effects of technological acceleration do not have to be restricted to capitalist systems, nor do they have to be seen as inherently bad when this worldwide social change can be appropriated for progressive ends. “Let a Hundred Genders Bloom!” declares the Laboria Cuboniks manifesto which navigates the post-human as a zone for gender revolution.

Fatima Zehra Contributor

BIRTH OF TWO NATIONS

According to the UNHCR, over 6.5 million people had been displaced in Syria by 2014. Experts believe there are 4 million Iraq refugees around the world. In Nigera, there are over 200,000 people categorized as IDPs by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC).

In 1947, over 10 million people were displaced in the Indian subcontinent. On 14-15 August, three parties, all with individual stakes in the game, officially established partition.

And at midnight, India and Pakistan were born.

British India The British Raj’s policy of divide and rule helped them govern India for over a century, beginning in an official capacity after the Mutiny of 1857 – which locals still refer to the as War of Independence. Initially arriving in the aftermath of the Dutch and the Portuguese to trade in cotton and spices, British forces systematically annexed and took over territories governed by either independent rulers or by the Mughal dynasty. By the twentieth century, Britain’s hold on India was secure.

Trouble began in 1905, when the divide and rule policy backfired with the partition of Bengal, a measure undertaken by viceroy Lord Curzon in an attempt to divide the vast province of under religious lines to help in the representation of minorities and the administration of the province. His reasons were immediately dismissed – the partition was too soon after the 1885 formation of the Indian National Congress, and was seen as a direct attack on the region’s governing Hindu elite. In response, in 1906 the All-India Muslim League was formed, to combat the growing Hindu influence in British India. Thus the Partition of Bengal and its reversal in 1911 began the debate that would last over 40 years: who should rule India?

Pakistan The idea of Pakistan is attributed to many people – Sir Syed Ahmad Khan has been considered the architect of the Two-Nation Theory, firmly believing that a separate area for Hindus and Muslims was necessary in order for the latter community to flourish as it had under Mughal rule. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, a philosopher heavily involved in the formation of the Muslim League and a strong promoter of Muslim rights in the Indian subcontinent, was another notable influence. However, the man often given sole credit for the creation of Pakistan – once called the Ambassador for Hindu Muslim unity when he was a member of Congress – was Muhammad Ali Jinnah. A trained barrister from Lincoln’s Inn in London, this esteemed politician has been given the title of Quaid-e-Azam: ‘Father of the Nation.’

Critics of Jinnah argue that religion was a means to an end, a convenient way to unite the Muslims based on the one thing they all had in common. Caste, creed, language, and geographical locations came second, which was the definitive reason behind East and West Pakistan being separated by more than 1,000 miles of territory governed by the newly formed and independent India. In addition, the Pakistan Movement did not begin until 1940. Prior to this, Jinnah was advocated the idea of self-rule perpetuated by Congress, but unwilling to go along with the idea of a separate nation for Muslims. It was not until the provincial elections of 1937, when the League failed to create a government and Congress’ policies were found to alienate Muslims, that Jinnah took a stand.

India Mahatma Gandhi is a name renowned world-wide, not only as the leader of the Indian independence movement but as the founder of a variety of nonviolent civil disobedience campaigns in India that have inspired countless other operations all over the world.

Beginning as a lawyer in South Africa, Gandhi arrived in India in 1915 to organize the disgruntled peasants and farmers, calling for them to protest what he saw as unfair taxation and administration by the British Raj. Prior to Jinnah’s decision to split from an independent India, Gandhi assumed leadership of Congress in 1921 and called for “Swaraj” – self-rule. It is noteworthy, however, that while Gandhi was insistent on British rule ending in the subcontinent, he did not advocate the two-nation theory. Under his model, India would remain united, with Congress leadership representing both Hindus, Muslims and all other religions.

It was Jawaharlal Nehru’s vision of a secular, socialist India that was to emerge after Gandhi’s efforts. Despite strong policies and popularity with the people, Nehru’s unwillingness to compromise on the united India ideal has been seen as a major contribution to the bloody partition that took place in 1947. His personal friendship with Lord Mountbatten and his family has also been viewed as a reason for his extreme dislike of the creation of Pakistan.

Then and Now Salman Rushdie, arguably one of the most famous writers to come out of South Asia, has referred to Pakistan as a failed state - a “failure of the imagination”.

However, it is necessary to examine what exactly the imaginary homeland was that Muslims envisioned for themselves, and how the modern Pakistan differs from this conception. Jinnah’s idea for Pakistan was a land for the Muslims, by the Muslims, comprising of Muslim-majority states of the Indian subcontinent.

What we have today is only West Pakistan (East Pakistan fought for separation and emerged as Bangladesh in 1971). A country dogged by numerous challenges, such as debt and political controversy, it is not the ideal that Jinnah had painted for his followers prior to 1947.

Then again, India is not perfect either. Despite Nehru’s insistence on a secular state, India’s Bharatiya Janata Party (Prime Minister Modhi’s party) has Hindu nationalist policies that echo the era of the Indian National Congress in 1935, when critics began to call it a Hindu dominated party rather than a representation of all the people of the Indian subcontinent. This may have contributed to the violence of 2002, which was based on Hindu-Muslim clashes, leading to the alleged rape, torture and murder of over 100,000 people.

Unresolved Issues The two countries have gone to war multiple times, notably over the state of Kashmir and the war that led to the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. In 1960, the Indus Water Treaty was signed with the aid of the UN that allowed Pakistan water from mountain ranged based in India, without which the agriculture-based economy would have perished. Border skirmishes are also common, and the changing of the flag ceremony at Wagah Border is attended by hundreds of people daily as an expression of patriotic spirit.

It is easy to focus on the problems of these nations as their responsibility. However, divide and rule is something that most historians have brushed under the rug of history. How was it, that an empire which had been functioning perfectly well on its own, should fall into disorder and chaos once it was given the right to rule itself after nearly a century of oppression and divided accordingly? The keyword is, of course, divide. Hindus and Muslims, the two dominant religious groups of the area, had been turned against each other steadily since 1857 once the ruling authorities had figured out that the only way to stay in India was to ensure that the Indians wanted them there. And for years, it worked - most did. The British kept religious violence to a minimum, and soon Muslims forgot that they had once ruled India, just as Hindus forgot they had once helped them do it. It was not until political awareness took root and the effects of revolution reached the subcontinent that its inhabitants realized they were not dependent on the British Empire. Battles and wars had been fought and won and lost for a cause many did not believe in, and even more did not understand. In the end, the only battle that mattered was the battle for independence. Unfortunately, subsequent battles between the two nations have had less than noble motivation, which only goes to show how far the divide aspect of the divide and rule policy has seeped into the mindsets of the residents of the onceunited Indian subcontinent.

Hope Nevertheless, faith in one’s nation has rarely been a force that can be defeated. A strong feeling of patriotism is often expressed by Indians and Pakistanis.

This may perhaps be because the stories of freedom and the migration across the border are ingrained into the minds of all from an early age, whether they lived through that time or not. Pakistan hosts the fourth highest number of refugees in the world, boasts two Nobel Prize winners, and is the only Muslim-majority country in the world to possess nuclear weapons.

Its average economic growth rate in the first five decades of independence had been higher than the growth rate of the world economy during the same period. Similarly, India has a booming software industry, a 70 per cent literacy rate, and has kept the spirit of democracy alive without a single dictatorship in its political history. Only 70 years old, their history and culture spans centuries, giving an impression that they have been around for far longer. And, with a little bit of luck and a lot of effort, one day they might just be friends.

Neha Shaji Contributor

THE REFORMATION GAME

Five hundred years ago, on 31 October, Martin Luther nailed a list of ninety-five theses onto the door of a church in Wittenberg, sparking a reformation not only in his native Germany but within the whole of Christendom. The theses themselves were primarily concerned with the extravagances undertaken by bishops and monks, and the over-exalted position given to the Pope – topics well observed by Luther as he was once an Augustinian monk himself.

During that period however, he described himself as having lost touch with Christ himself, and made Jesus “the jailer and hangman of (his) poor soul.” He began to notice discrepancies between the teachings of the Bible and the operations of the then-dominant Catholic Church, namely with the giving and receiving of indulgences. Indulgences were, to save a verbose explanation, a ‘pay-your-way-into-Heaven’ fast track ticket where money and gifts were showered upon the Church in order to gain forgiveness for sins.

Luther condemned the faux Christianity practiced by those who would walk by the suffering poor yet give to religious institutions that had plenty, and those whose faith was within the Church rather than within Christ.

He claimed that there was no fast track to heaven through good deeds and papal indulgences, but rather through faith in Christ alone. He even dared to criticize the Pope, who at the time was an almost Messianic figure.

Luther was excommunicated and his theses banned by the Catholic Church in 1521 – yet with notoriety he gained followers. As his speeches gained traction, Luther’s proclamations grew more fervent – declaring the expulsion of Jews from the Holy Roman Empire, and culminating in calling the Pope the Antichrist. Students came from across Germany to hear him speak, and by the following year he and his followers had translated the Bible into German for the public. Luther managed to combine the primary dialects in Germany at the time, Upper and Lower German, and craft a version of the Bible everybody could understand. Theologians today claim Luther helped invent the modern German language – translating the Bible using colloquial turns of phrase, where Jesus spoke as a carpenter speaking to a common fisherman rather than the highbrow Latin that acted as a barrier for the uneducated masses.

Luther wanted every German to be able to access his newly translated Bible, and literacy was heavily promoted so that Germans could read the word of God. This proved to be one of the most effective arguments for reading and literacy levels skyrocketed from the 1520s onwards. Even a modern Germany, especially the formerly Communist (and thus, atheist) East, that

has undergone decades of secularisation, is still very much Luther’s Germany. Luther frowned upon gaudy decorations and statues in churches but praised music as a way of bringing Christians together in worship and today Germany has a whopping 130 public orchestras - more than any other country. His adherence to order and discipline is seen in the German work ethic, from the workplace to how religiously separate their recycling.

But it was not just Germany that was affected by Luther. Closer to home, in 1532, Henry VIII separated England from the Catholic Church for personal reasons (read: he wanted a divorce). This English Reformation led to the razing of monasteries and the seizing of treasures that had formerly belonged to monks, as well as Henry declaring himself and every subsequent monarch as head of the English Church. However, apart from moving aside the monks and frowning upon relics here and there, English Protestantism was not much different from the Catholicism it suddenly shunned. With the exception of the short regime of Puritan rulers like Cromwell, Anglicanism still maintained a hierarchal structure with bishops and a head of the church, like Catholicism. Where one would find bare churches with minimal decor in the United States, Anglican churches in the UK are similar to their Catholic predecessors, with ornate decorations and carvings, and even the liturgy and order of service given are similar. The reason for Anglicanism being a watered down, somewhat Lutherised Catholicism lies in Henry VIII’s insistence on a church he could control, as well as subsequent monarchs’ unwillingness to perform too drastic a revolution.

… This is to be done in honor of our Lord and of Christendom…”, and proposed “putting a flail, an ax, a hoe, a spade, a distaff, or a spindle into the hands of young, strong Jews and Jewesses and letting them earn their bread in the sweat of their brow” and several other vitriolic proclamations that would have looked more at home in the mouth of Adolf Hitler rather than the spark that started a new branch of Christianity. Indeed, some claim that Hitler’s own opinions as well as the willingness of the German populace to follow such antisemitism was influenced by Luther’s principles.

Reinhold Lewin wrote that “whoever wrote against the Jews for whatever reason believed he had the right to justify himself by triumphantly referring to Luther”, and indeed, using religion as a crutch for hate often leaves the listener to believe that what they believe has no counter.

Yet other scholars, such as Roland Bainton assert that Luther’s position was “entirely religious and in no respect racial” in regards to the Jewish population, whilst others claim that one man’s prejudice from four centuries ago should not be held to blame for atrocities that took place in the 20th century. It is also argued that Luther’s criticism of the Jewish people was based purely on their religion’s reliance on the Old Testament and refusal to accept Christ as a savior, quite different to the racial purity theories used by the Nazis. However, radical Protestantism, not necessarily what Luther had intended, and the fervent German culture of the 1940s shared a similar fear of corruption and Others in their pure and clean religion, homeland and race. Whether or not Luther himself had a direct impact on the Nazis and their deeds, it is arguable that his thoughts on nonChristians only solidified xenophobia in the country, influencing the turn from religious to racial hatred.

Despite these stains on his legacy, statues of Luther today are depicted as hale, strong men with large bellies and of tremendous size. A world away from frail Catholic martyrs, statues of Luther show him as living, a man and a hero rather than a ghost to be worshipped like a saint. Five hundred years on, Protestantism is the primary religion of both the United States and the United Kingdom – with even that being split into several denominations such as the Pentecostals, the Evangelicals, the Methodists, and several dozen more, all sharing the same reliance on faith for final justification, and rejection of indulgences given to churches.

It is remarkable that Luther’s proclamations on a door in Wittenberg had such an effect on a country that did not even exist at that time. Germany was shaped by that event 500 years ago, for better and for worse. And Protestantism was properly done in the newly founded so the world with it. As Protestants across the globe United States however, with the majority of the im- remember the reformation today, they reflect on how migrant Pilgrims being strict Puritans. As a result most the son of a copper miner came to revolutionise the early settlements revolved around churches and reli- way we see the world. gion and consequently the United States, though secular on paper, relied heavily on the churches. Whilst the Church of England does not interfere too much in politics and sticks to religious matters, religion is still a major way of life in the United States. 65 per cent of Americans say that religion is important to them and no Presidential address goes by without the Commander-in-Chief asking God to bless America. What’s more, Luther’s ideals of hard work can be seen in the early settlers’ intense work ethic. His beliefs about not earning money without working for it later become evident in America’s worship of capitalism, and his emphasis on faith showing in the country’s unwillingness to modernise laws that go against the Bible.

However Luther poses a more problematic and complex figure than his legacy might suggest. Luther was notoriously vicious about the Jewish population. He demanded “first, set fire to their synagogues or schools

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LIFESTYLE

EDITORS Barbara Balogun Lauren Geall lifestyle@exepose.com

HAPPY BIRTHDAY EXEPOSÉ

Barbara Balogun Lifestyle Editor HAPPY BIRTHDAY EXEPOSÉ!

As an editor of the newspaper, it is incredible to think that I am continuing a legacy which began thirty years ago. Because this was such an iconic anniversary, I decided to back track the first issues of Exeposé and see how it has changed. After a good hour and a half of asking questions, running around campus, spelling and explaining what Exeposé was, I got my hands on the precious copies. Sadly, either the University lost or never got their hands on the first thirteen issues but the first one available to me was dated Monday 22 January 1990. This was already way before my birth and can be considered as one of the first issues. Yes, thirteen copies in three years averages around 4.3 copies per year ,which is way below what we are doing now (“quick maths” - Big Shaq, 2017). But you have to understand that, for the time, it was already a big deal. In the early days, Exeposé was typed on typewriters! The copies were around four pages and explained the events of the week and the ‘big news’ around campus. It was definitely not in colour and didn’t have as much variety as we have now.

Simply seeing all these issues and how much Exeposé has changed over the years brought a smile to my face, making me proud to be an editor and to continue to help this newspaper remain a reliable presence on campus.

More importantly, I wanted to see how the campus had changed throughout the years, and that’s where I started my search through all the newspapers that I was given at Special Collections in the Old Library. I wanted to find pictures of spaces around campus that had changed, things that we see and assume are normal

and part of the university, yet were definitely not there a few years ago - let alone thirty years. I also wanted to find out about the “5 Year Plan” I was reading about in those past issues was.

My first discovery started with accommodation. As you’ll be able to read on the next page, accommodation was already an issue and, to show this, my fellow past editors had decided to use a picture of Birks. Birks is of special importance for me as this is where I lived in my first year. However, even after looking at this picture for a while, I still cannot figure out which building it was. Is it one of the catered accommodations or is it a little of cardiac that I can see there? This will remain a mystery, but I can safely say that it reminds me more of Old Lafrowda than any accommodation from today’s Birks.

Whilst continuing my search for the past, I discovered a picture of what seemed to be the Comida of the time.

At that time, there was no Comida but a ‘Coffee Bar’, which was having issues due to the Nestlé ban; hence Kit Kats were not sold anymore on campus.

The issue of 25 January 1993 showed our beloved Lemon Grove already nicknamed ‘the Lemmy’. As you can see from the picture, there was no fancy little cube on top of the entrance and no fancy pathway, but the Lemon Grove itself remains. I am glad to report that the show it was putting on 30 years ago is the same one it is putting on now.

It was also great to see the Library and how students were already hardworking (and dying under the weight of their books) at the time. Just as a little reminder, the Forum as we know it now was opened by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in 2012, a project worth £48 million led by the architects Wilkinson Eyre.

During my research, I also found out about a 5-year

plan designed by the Guild in accordance with the one made by the University in the 1990s. In their plan, the Guild wanted to create a sort of arcade in the Lemmy to have more of a “disco” atmosphere, refurbish the Ram, the Print Shop (now called the Print Room) and more.

Safe to say that St Luke’s campus has not changed much during the years, and is aging respectably anyway. At the same time, the University introduced Mercury phones. With this discovery I couldn’t help but laugh, thinking about how much technology has changed since. In an article about these phones, Exeposé answered many different questions that would have no space in today’s paper: questions such as “Where can I buy my Mercury Card?” or “How do I make operator calls?” were the main issues in the 1990s.

Additionally, I was so glad to discover that our Sexposé issue has a long history, and even if the name wasn’t as explicit, the Cupid messages were very bold. My personal favorite one is definitely “I’d like more than just a pizza. If I ring your bell, will you fit in me?” Cheeky, and right to the point.

What else?

- I was so glad to see that Nightline was already a project that was running and functioning - They had free vouchers for garlic bread in the issue of 2 November 1992 - very jealous, can we go back?

- In the 1990s they had an ‘Oxbridge Rejects Society’ What more to add?

- The only adverts were from Ernst and Young - Maya Angelou visted the University - ...as did Gary Glitter - A Valentine’s issue in 1990 was called ‘I Like It Creamy’ Another Happy Birthday to you Exeposé !

THE GHOST OF STUDENTS PAST

Lauren Geall Lifestyle Editor Flicking through the pages of Exeposé’s thirteenth issue, it’s hard not to mistake the writers as students from 2017. Whilst there are obvious differences in style and production, the writing is quintessentially student, including news about the upcoming events, a rant from the arts committee, and updates on various political issues. The similarities between student lifestyle now and then are surprising; there are obvious differences, but I felt a weird familiarity as I skimmed through the articles, scattered with black and white photos and graphics.

Where there are students there are social events, and the listings section which covers a double page spread is a clear example that nightlife has always been an important part of university life. Within the list, there are mentions of BodySoc, RAG and Debating Society thrown in the mix. But Exeter students have always loved going out, with mentions to the Ram bar (who knew it had been going that long?!) alongside club nights at Timepiece. My personal favourite discovery was the name of the event at Timepiece on a Tuesday ‘“Headcharge” – Reggae/ Soca/ Latin/ Africa”; salsa night has and always will be a key part of the Exeter nightlife experience.

As well as socialising, the annual house hunt has always been an integral part of student life. Whilst it can be easy to blame the stress of this event on increasing student numbers, the reality is that students were still as stressed 30 years ago. Covering the front

page of issue 14, the article, entitled “Farmhouse or Fridge” describes the rush to get in there “before all the best houses are taken!”. Whilst this article may have been published on 29 January, it appears that no matter what time of year the house hunting period begins, it is still inevitably going to be a race to get in there quickest. Echoing the front-page article from our last issue, it’s pretty amazing to see that no matter how much has happened in the last 30 years, the university bubble has remained safe and secure.

However, the way students interact with the outside world has definitely changed. Without the presence of social media to provide students with a voice, the importance of Exeposé to organise campaigns and protest was definitely key to its role.

It’s interesting to see the “…united…” section with news from other universities, similar to our Worldwide University News now, but there are definitely more differences than similarities. The paper itself had a ‘campaigns’ section, describing the latest campaigns on campus and what they were working on. Attached to part of the paper was a return slip in order to show your interest in any of the campaigns, including “Grants Not Loans”, “Anti Fascist Action” and “Women’s Campaigns”. Through various meetings and fundraisers, the students of Exeter were directly involved with the political climate of the time. One of their main projects, the South African Scholarship, provided a student with the opportunity to come and study at Exeter away from the control of Apartheid. Exeposé has always remained a way for students to explore and debate current issues, but the rise of social media has meant that this way of organising students has, unfortunately, be-

come redundant.

Also, prevalent in these early issues is the involvement with the wider student population. Featuring a section of letters, Exeposé published feedback from their readers, including direct responses to articles.

Starting the address with “Dear Exeposé”, the letters would go on to list their complaint or opinion, with openings such as “I was saddened, but not surprised, by the sports page of last week’s Exeposé”. As well as this the paper also featured personals, with small messages from readers published in a column.

With confessions such as “Rachel would like to apologise for her recent behaviour whilst under the influence of alcohol and antibiotics!”, the student voice not only came through its writers but spread to the wider student body. In a time when it’s so quick and easy to write a Facebook message to one of the editors, I wonder whether anyone would write into Exeposé with their opinion? And more importantly, who would be brave enough to put their name with it? In a time when it’s so easy to be anonymous, I wonder whether we’ve lost the capability to have this kind of open debate without hiding behind a screen name.

What it lacked in production value, the origins of Exeposé made up for in the way it provided a platform for the student voice. In a world free of social media, Exeposé enabled students to explore their opinions and organise important campaigns. It can be easy to forget our past, but having a look back at where our paper began gave me a weird sense of comfort. 30 years may not seem like too long a time in the grand scheme of things, but I am proud of our paper and all it has achieved.

STRIKE A POSE

Rhiannon Moore Contributor

The 80s was a standout time for fashion fads, largely influenced by the likes of Vogue magazine and MTV. The 70s still lingered for a few years – think subdued colours, flared jeans, women replacing once loved skirts with trousers. But soon enough, however, the 80s developed its own style. Seemingly overnight, teenagers were donning brand tees. Coca-Cola went from being a drink to a fashion statement. Everyone was desperate to get their hands on the new Reeboks and Nikes. Girls had a choice of two hairstyles: hair sprayed until it sat a foot above their head, or pulled into a rather conspicuously coloured scrunchie.

Whilst these trends are the first things that come to mind when considering fashion of the 80s, power dressing also became increasingly popular – women would dress in more masculine styles, donning suits and shoulder pads to gain respect in work environments.

Second-wave feminism was coming to Lauren Geall

a close in 1987, and people often looked to powerful and influential women such as Margaret Thatcher and Princess Diana for inspiration. It soon became a dayto-day trend, rather than simply a work uniform. Fashion in 1987 became a tool for women to assert their strength, rather than something used to make them feel diminutive.

Perhaps the young women of Exeter would trudge up the city’s torturous hills in turtleneck sweaters, blazers to take away from their shape, and long pencil skirts, with very minimal jewelry – God forbid people thought they were women! The colour choices were typical of masculinity: greys, blacks and blues – brighter shades, whilst likely very popular choices for the ‘wild’ nights Exeter provided, were feminine and thus not so popular for everyday wear by professionals and university students.

Exeposé’s first writers may have turned up to Lauren Geall press events wearing

only the most respectable of outfits, masculine shapes and styles paired with a hint of femininity in the form of small earrings or an inconspicuous pearl necklace.

Of course, it wouldn’t be Exeter without the stash and the sportswear. Fashion of the 80s may trigger images of Fame, Footloose and Flashdance – legwarmers and leotards paired with a statement belt. Perhaps we’re lucky that today we see more sports leggings and sweaters and less skimpy dancewear on campus, but there should be no doubt that exercise wear has always been, and will always be, the standard ‘Exetah’ look everyone tries (and fails), to escape from, except maybe minus the bright colours and patterns.

Fashion often changes quicker than you can say “Cardiac Hill” but some things hardly change at all. Trends came from a variety of sources, and reflected more than just what people wanted to wear. On the 30th anniversary of Exeposé, we can look from a place of hindsight - shoulder pads were a terrible idea, you don’t need to dress like a man in order to deserve respect, and Exeter will forever be a fan of sportswear - no matter what.

MEMORY MAKING Fiona Edwards Contributor Everyone has their own way of capturing those important moments in life that pass in the blink of an eye. For many, this might involve taking smiling photos with family or friends, or perhaps even artistic shots of the places they visit. Whilst I subscribe to both methods semi-faithfully, the way I prefer to document such important memories is through a memory board – essentially a larger version of a single page of a scrapbook.

Those who know me really well can attest to the fact that I am a bit of a hoarder; I will keep anything that has sentimental value, such as society event tickets, postcards and even place names used at tables. With such an array of seemingly random items, you would think scrapbooking would be the ideal way to document my memories. Unfortunately, despite my best intentions any scrapbooking attempts have stalled at the point where I actually need to buy a scrapbook in the first place.

Fiona Edwards

The solution to this problem was a memory board, bought for me by my mother at a school Christmas fair many years ago. This board has recorded my early years through pink and family photos, my embarrassing adolescent years (of which little was seen of myself on that board), my good intentions and societies in my first year at Exeter, and my friendships cemented in second year.

Whilst my memory board has gone through various evolutions and transformations throughout its time documenting my life, its current form is a record of my life from the start of the second term in my second year, through to today. The thread that ties all the seemingly random leaflets, pictures, tickets and other miscellaneous items together is my relationship with my boyfriend. Presenting mementos from our first date at Exeter Cathedral, visits to one another’s homes, holidays and other important events, this board serves as a visual documentation of our time spent together.

Every time I look at this memory board I am transported back to happier times when studies and deadlines were but a distant concern.

Bea Fones

Bea Fones Contributor Travel is my one true love, so most of my important memories are from my trips over the last few years. Let me take you back a few years...

For as long as I can remember, I would collect fridge magnets from everywhere I visited. This worked for most of my childhood – magnets are fairly cheap, always an easy souvenir to get hold of and make for a nice display back home.

That said, I quickly ran out of room on the fridge/boiler/other magnetic surfaces in my parents’ house.

By this point, I was approaching 18 years old and decided that naturally, I’d start collecting shot glasses instead.

That lasted less than a year – my travels across the USA with only a backpack quickly put a stop to the idea of carrying any number of fragile little glasses in a bag that was constantly being thrown into the back of a tour bus. Next?

Sew on patches for my backpacks – an ideal solution! But the next time I went

travelling – after leaving my Law degree to travel in India, Thailand and Cambodia - I realised that the rest of the world isn’t quite as obsessed with sew on patches as the US. So those were out.

So it became a bit of a mix. I try to collect a piece of cheap, local jewellery in every new country I visit, and I always buy postcards. A while ago, when reading one of my favourite travel blogs, I also got the idea of picking up abandoned playing cards on the street – once you’re looking out for them, they’re everywhere. I’ve got a decent collection which I hang on the side of a shelf or corkboard in my room.

Aside from uploading photos on social media, my walls and boards are usually covered with postcards and old vintage photos which I have picked up on my travels, but the one thing which I will always remain faithful to is adding to my various travel journals. So far I own three journals, bursting with photos, leaflets, tickets and diary entries from the last few years of travelling around the world - and I don’t intend to stop anytime soon!

Charley Cross Contributor I’m a sweet over savoury girl any time of day, so given the chance I’ll always have dessert instead of a starter. One of my favourite desserts of all time is pie, specifically apple pie, and even more specifically, my mum’s apple pie. For about six years now, she’s followed the same recipe and it never disappoints.

My enthusiasm for it is so great that my mum started making it for occasions as a treat, like when I left for uni, when I got my results and when I returned from my year abroad. Even whilst studying in America, the land of apple pie, nothing I had came close to my mum’s. This isn’t just comfort food, it’s something with a deeper significance, and when I have it, it’s like coming home. It’s a dessert my whole family loves; crisp pastry with gooey cinnamon apple filling that’s best served hot with cold vanilla custard (contentious, I know) or ice cream.

So from the family recipe book, my mum’s apple pie: Ingredients: Pastry: • 225g butter • 50g golden caster sugar • 2 eggs • 350g plain flour

NOSHSTALGIA

ter and sugar in a large bowl until just mixed. Add one whole egg and a yolk, setting aside the spare white. Beat together lightly until just combined. Add the flour to the wet ingredients a third at a time, using a wooden spoon to bring it together.

Work the dough into a ball with your hands. Wrap in cling film and set to chill for 45 minutes in the fridge.

Meanwhile, prepare the apples into 5mm thick pieces. Spread them out between layers of kitchen roll.

Once the pastry has chilled, heat the oven to 170°C. Set one third of the pastry aside, rolling out the bulk of the dough to line your pie tin. Roll the smaller piece into a circle for the lid.

In a large bowl, whisk together the sugar, cinnamon and flour, then toss the apple pieces in it and pile them into the tin.

Brush a little water around the pastry rim and lay the lid on top. Trim the excess before using a fork to crimp the edges together. Make a few small slashes on top to allow steam to escape, and use the leftover pastry to decorate! (My mum usually makes leaves or the word PIE).

Beat the leftover egg white and brush it over the pastry to glaze it. Sprinkle sugar all over and bake in the oven for 40-45 minutes until golden. Leave it to rest for about 10 minutes and serve hot with the accompaniment of your choice. @themaddyadventures

Filling: • 1kg Bramley apples • 140g golden caster sugar • 1 tsp cinnamon • 3 tbsp flour Method To make the pastry, combine the but-

Lauryn Mathews Contributor

Ruby Bosanquet Online News Editor

Flickr

This is the first recipe I ever mastered and it stayed with me throughout the ups and downs of my teenage years. These aren’t just chocolate brownies or a reliable comfort food, they are also: A mender of hearts: I once tearfully ate an entire tray whilst watching comfort movies and sobbing over my teenage heartbreak.

A peace offering: okay I might have used my parents’ ingredients but they still worked wonders to smooth over an argument and present an apology.

A birthday present: knees wet from the field we would all lean round and sing happy birthday to the lucky girl over a pile of these gooey treats.

They even followed me to university; secretly stashed at the bottom of my bag I found them with a card on my first evening and a recipe for ‘the one and only chocolate brownies’ in the box. This reminder of my teenage years continue to work their magic, waiting patiently until they get their chance in the adult world at my first dinner party.

Break the eggs into a bowl and beat them. Now add them to the rest of the mixture and beat well until all the ingredients are combined.

Sift flour into the bowl and add the baking powder and cocoa.

Pour the mixture into a cake tin and bake for around 30 minutes. You can vary the time depending on the squidginess you’d prefer: a shorter time leads to Method: softer brownies, but make sure they’re Put margarine into a pan and melt it over able to hold their shape outside of the tin a low heat. Pour it into a mixing bowl if you want to avoid a messy disappointand add the sugar and vanilla essence. ment. Allow to cool before dividing.

Ingredients: • 175g margarine • 350g caster sugar • 1 teaspoon of vanilla essence • 3 eggs • 100g plain flour • 75g cocoa Heat to 180°C, 350°F, Gas mark 4.

FEELING FRESH?

It’s hard to believe that it’s been 6 weeks since my life at university started. So much has happened since I arrived, it feels like I’ve been here for years. Time flies, to say the least. I wouldn’t say that settling into the student lifestyle has been easy, as it’s a big change from the typical sixth form or college setting, but it hasn’t been as much of a challenge for me as I expected.

Without trying to sound cliché, everyone’s in the same boat.

My favourite part of being a student at the moment is all of the opportunities that I have available to me.

Whether that be getting to meet lots of new people or trying out things I never would have done before, it’s so refreshing to be able to get out there and do things that I couldn’t do less than two months ago.

However, I’m not going to sit here and pretend it’s all fun and happy constantly. The work has been a challenge as it’s quite different from what I’m used to but at the moment, it’s manageable as long as I stay organised. Moving away from home is strange, especially as for many this is the first time you’ve experienced such a thing, and sometimes it’s inevitable that you’ll feel a bit odd sat in your room wondering what you are actually doing. But that moment will pass, and it’s important to remember these feelings are normal, especially as a Fresher.

Before I arrived, I was so concerned about the prospect of being a “fresher”; it seems like quite a pressuring label to have, with it being so stereotypically attached to heavy drinking culture and somewhat of a crazy lifestyle when that is pretty much the opposite of myself. Although, I have learned that there are peo-

ple who have the same interests as me and even those who do enjoy going out aren’t going to think any less of me just because I don’t want to join them in Unit 1. This definitely played a big part in my settling into the student lifestyle, as I’ve made friends with people who have such different views, opinions and interests which has been really insightful.

But really, the student lifestyle is different for everyone. I can’t speak for my fellow Freshers as some may have had a much better or much worse experience so far. However, I’m looking forward to seeing where the rest of first year takes me and how it will help me to grow as an individual.

ARTS & LIT

EDITORS Maddie Davies Mubanga Mweemba artsandlit@exepose.com

WHEREFORE ART THOU 1987?

From Murakami to Sondheim, Exeposé writers take a look at the cultural phenomenons which debuted 30 years ago

The Eyes of the Dragon by Stephen King In the late 80s, Stephen King was standing with pride upon the peak of his success. Already a cultural icon of the decade, the man could not be stopped – he still hasn’t stopped. But it’s rare to see people talking about The Eyes of the Dragon, King’s tribute to fantasy tradition. While it’s difficult to describe the book as an essential and influential part of the Stephen King canon, it is still worth reading. At only 326 pages, The Eyes of the Dragon is one of King’s shortest and least indulgent works. The premise is simple, traditional: an evil magician (named Flagg, a reference to King’s aforementioned magnum opus, The Dark Tower) poisons the king of Delain in order to usurp his power, and the sons must work together to take revenge. The story is told in retrospect from the perspective of an unnamed narrator, who adds their own commentary and repeatedly breaks the fourth wall. This all adds a layer of charm and love over the bulk of the story, which is tight but traditional. In the end, a whole fantasy package is created; nostalgic, romantic, and wonderful.

Into the Woods by Stephen Sondheim Stephen Sondheim’s musical Into the Woods is a fairy tale for grown-ups. The tale brings you face to face with all the well-known characters of your childhood, twisting their stories together into a new, thrilling, and surprisingly modern adventure. Unlike the fairy stories of Disney, not all the princes in Into the Woods are quite as charming as they seem: in the woods, you will learn that princesses aren’t always happy, big bad wolves can be sexy, and even if all your wishes come true you may not find your happy ending. Into the Woods takes the fairy tale cues from the Brothers Grimm and Charles Perrault, presenting us with a realism that allows us to relate the heroes; heroes who aren’t perfect and don’t always make the right decisions. But amongst the cheating and lying and corruption, Into the Woods is also a tale of love and friendship, a coming-of-age story that from which we can learn how to be a better people. Through the music and lyrics of Sondheim’s genius, you will take back from the experience many valuable things. Just remember – be careful what you wish for, it might just come true.

Writers (left to right) Johnny Chern:Online Screen Editor Emma Hewetson: Contributor Alexandra Luca: Contributor Ryan Allen: Contributor Chris Allen:Contributor Images: wikicommons

Watchmen by Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons Written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Dave Gibbons, Watchmen was intended to showcase the unique artistic power of the comic medium.

The radical aesthetic, the layout of the panels on the page, even the design of the word balloons, pushed the boundaries of the period’s conservtive formatting. Alan Moore’s multi-layered, non-linear story structure reveals much about our conceptions of time as well as the messy world these characters operate in. Yet somehow, through all the clutter, something frightfully honest lunges from the panels. All the subtext and narrative complexity would be too much for most writers, but in the capable hands of Alan Moore it works.

Watchmen started off as an experiment of what would happen if these comic superheroes were real psychologically complex individuals existing in the real world - a world dominated by Cold War paranoia. Simultaneously a celebration of the medium of comics and a criticism of the traditionalism which they were approached with, Watchmen is a seminal work not only of Moore’s career, but for the graphic format as a whole.

Norwegian Wood by Haruki Murakami The coming-of-age novel Norwegian Wood is perhaps the most acclaimed work of Japanese author Haruki Murakami, and for good reason. Its pages contain a cornucopia of meaning, exploring themes of sexuality, mental illness and growth against a backdrop of tragedy and civil unrest.

The plot follows the recollections of Watanabe, a middle-aged man reliving the tumultuous events of his youth that took place in the 1960’s. An unexpected suicide shakes the characters, permanently shattering their calm lives and setting them on journeys of self-discovery. Some are set on a downward spiral of mental anguish whilst others develop conflicting affections that force them to make decisions not just about who they want but about what they want their future to look like. It is a powerful story, which illustrates the random cruelty of the world but the astonishing beauty that exists alongside, almost as if in contradiction.

If you are looking for an uplifting story at the end of a long week, this may not be the book for you; on the other hand, if you thrive on dark yet authentic narratives then this is the book to read.

Dirk Gently’s Holistic Detective Agency

by Douglas Adams If Noel Fielding were a book, he’d be Dirk Gently’s Holistic Detective Agency. The humour, ingenuity, and good-natured English oddness of Douglas Adams’ better-known Hitchhikers’ Guide to the Galaxy series can be found in this book too. Fans will recognise Adams’ comic blending of the ridiculous with the mundane, and the unobtrusive profundity which underpins it.

Part murder-mystery, part ghost story, part 2001: A Space Odyssey, the book concerns time travel, quantum space, Coleridge, a gentle mockery of belief systems (religious, scientific, and alternative) – and lots of pizza. It spans the timeline of life on Earth in under 300 pages – and there’s a sequel. Unfortunately, Adams’ death in 2001 left the third book unfinished, but his whole body of work ensures his place amongst the best English authors of the 20th century. Occasionally dark but never harrowing, baffling but never frustrating, Adams’ inoffensive, gentle, and genuinely funny tone makes this a wonderfully diverting read.

ART CAPSULE: ECHOES OF ‘87 Emily Garbutt Online Arts&Lit Editor

Andy Warhol, arguably the most famous pop artist of the twentieth century, passed away in his sleep from sudden post-operative arrhythmia after gallbladder surgery in February 1987. Not the ending to a life as colourful as Warhol’s that you might envision.

However, there were always two sides to Warhol’s life, one more glamorous than the other. Although undoubtedly defined by his art, it was also characterised by loneliness. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1928 to parents originally from an area of Europe that is now Slovakia, English was his second language, and he spoke it with a heavy accent. This marked him as coming from among the lowest of the city’s immigrant working classes. He was a painfully shy child and although he was never actively bullied at school, he would always struggle socially.

He once famously said “I come from nowhere” referring to life in an immigrant family as well as to the myth of self-creation. The 1960s saw his reinvention into the pop artist that established him as a household name, but his awkwardness and solitude persisted into later life: renowned for the parties hosted in his work space known as the Silver Factory, he would stay in the corner, painting or working, on the edge of things but never fully involved. Always alone in a crowd, pop art was a medium that allowed Warhol’s art and loneliness to align. In her book The Lonely City, Olivia Laing says, “Sameness, especially for the immigrant, the shy boy agonisingly aware of his failures to fit in, is a profoundly desirable state.” This is at least in part where the origins of the cans of Campbell Soup and the many multi-coloured faces of Marilyn Monroe can be traced to. Laing points out that Warhol painted “objects whose value derives not because they’re rare or individual but because they are reliably the same.”

Art and technology were liberating for Warhol. He’d always struggled with language and talking but, inspired by a perverse fondness for speech errors, he frequently used a tape recorder, making over 4,000 audiotapes throughout his career. These included an audiobook comprised solely of recorded speech of those around him. In the words of the critic John Richardson: “He made a virtue of his vulnerability, and forestalled or neutralised any possible taunts. Nobody could ever ‘send him up’. He had already done so himself.”

Molly Gilroy Online Screen Editor 1987 was monumental for the art world with the famous Saatchi Gallery, holding the exquisite exhibition of New York Art Now within that year. The exhibition featured artists such as Philip Taaffe, Jeff Koons, Carroll Dunham and Robert Gober. John Russell, for The New York Times in 1998, regarded the exhibition as a “mysterious space”, introducing these artists for the first time within the UK, differing from the Saatchi’s usual worldwide known activity - until now, it had “never taken a flyer on artists who were generally unrecognised.”

The collection of artists blended minimalism, historical motifs, anti-art, and Neo-Pop. The ‘Neo-group’ which most of these artists belonged to, had not yet won itself any solid acceptance in the UK, and was being ‘floated’ around waiting for curators to pick the movement up within exhibitions. Despite Russell’s dubious nature of the artwork within the collection, he notes the powerful space of Saatchi as “the ideal conditions [for the exhibition] where we do not question the commitment”.

Phillip Taaffe is a contemporary American artist, known for his sampling methods of collage, relief printing and silk-screening. Taaffe’s work within the exhibition featured his densely-patterned works, meshing together art-historical motifs, personal experience, with complex layers of colour and depth. Taaffe founded his work on the belief that art should embody a bricolage of visual ideas, a synthesis of layering, adding patterns, building colour and borrowing from the historical vocabulary of art.

Moving away from Taaffe’s work, NY Art Now featured Jeff Koons, an American artist, working with popular culture subjects, and re-imagining everyday objects such as balloons, transforming them into marvellous blown up animals produced in a staggering scale of stainless steel with coloured mirror finish surfaces. Iconic and subversive, Koons admired Synthetic Cubism. Koons may be described as an ‘anti-artist’, reminiscent of the 1920’s Dadaist movement of Marcel Duchamp, whilst also embodying the 1980’s movement of Neo Pop. Whilst relatively unknown in Britain at the time of the NY Art Now Exhibition, his works have since sold for incredible sums: on 12 November, 2013, Koons’ Balloon Dog (Orange) sold at auction for $58.4 million, becoming the most expensive work by a living artist sold at auction. NY Art Now propelled the blurring of high art with popular culture, and the transgressive methods of bricolage technique. John Russell had no need to be dubious about these ‘flyer artists’ but thankfully we are now assured of their cultural potency.

Chloe Kennedy Contributer

Richard Deacon, winner of The Turner Prize 1987, is a British sculptor, using abstractions to portray the human experience. In an interview with the TATE, Deacon states: “I don’t carve, I don’t model, I fabricate”.

Therefore, sculpting is more than carving a bit of wood to look like a tree; it is blurring the lines between the real and the constructed. His wood and mixture of metals become one interconnecting, intersecting life-form, jumbling movement in a fusion of materials. His vastness of vocabulary through materials – such as using plywood and vinyl in Boys and Girls (1982; London, British Council) – creates a deeply metaphorical and individual idiom.

After being nominated for the Turner Prize in 1984, his 1987 win was arguably unevenly matched. Changed from being a ‘lifetime achievement’ award to ‘outstanding contribution to British art’ lessened the ego somewhat. Expected to win in 1987 was the wellknown and established Richard Long, making Deacon’s win a surprise. The shortlist also included two female artists, Helen Chadwick and Thérèse Oulton, which was the first time any females had been nominated. However, this was seen as a politically correct response to rising liberal attitudes on gender. Despite the slight controversy, Deacon presented cleverly abstracted work worthy, subjectively, of such a prize.

Deacon’s early work was very interested with sculpture representing anatomy. For Those Who Have Ears #2 (1983), resembles that of a hilly landscape whilst abstractedly representing the functions of eyes, ears, and mouth and how they perceive the world. The title draws from the Biblical phrase: “He that hath ears to hear let him hear”, accentuating Deacon’s interest in both the physical sensations of perceiving and the view of the world itself. For Those Who Have Ears #2 epitomises his early work, with lots of use of smooth lines, resembling the British countryside, with the resin and rings of the wood imitating wood that was alive.

Deacon consequently smears construction with life.

The wood itself isn’t dead, yet it is. It is the memory of what was once alive before it became a new form of art—wood that is manipulated, contorted, and reborn.

THE ESSENTIAL 1,225 PAGES Fatima Zehra Contributor War and Peace is as poignant in 2017 as it was when first published in the 1860s. Set during the French invasion of Russia, over 50 years before Tolstoy’s time, the writer records and reflects on the historical significance of Napoleon’s campaign, and its effects on the society he grew up in. At first glance, the text may seem unreadable, and I have heard more than one person express bewilderment at the fact that I have read it multiple times: “But it’s so long!” Yes, it is a long book. Five Russian families, the war against Napoleon, scenes with over 500,000 soldiers and locations that switch between the battlefront and St. Petersburg dining-rooms (a different kind of battlefield in Imperial Russian society); all of these can make this book understandably confusing, leaving readers disoriented.

But the disorientation is the best part, and the vastness of the book is almost exhilarating. War and Peace follows history as faithfully as Tolstoy’s wariness of it will allow, but it is much more than a chronological retelling of events. The plot leaves us reeling, as Tolstoy engages with characters as passionate as Natasha Rostova, projects his own beliefs via Pierre Bezukhov, and creates heart-warming personas such as the Rus-

sian peasant Platon Karataev. Perhaps the confusing part is that we have seen all these archetypes before, but never together, in a narrative so enormous that its sheer volume is what allows it to make sense.Tolstoy’s characters love with the frivolity of Lydia from Pride and Prejudice, question their place in society with the steely-eyed gaze of someone from The Handmaid’s Tale, and engage in beautifully described war scenes that put fantasy masterpieces like The Lord of the Rings to shame.

War and Peace was never called a novel by Tolstoy himself; conscious of the form and style of the book, he insisted that Anna Karenina was in fact his first “real” novel. He called War and Peace a “black sheep” within the perfect white flock of 19th century novels, because it engaged with history and philosophy almost as much as it engaged with his characters (more so, some would argue). Perhaps that is where the distaste for the book stems from: it is difficult to appreciate a writer when it seems as though they are preaching at you directly from the pages, instead of letting their characters do it subtly. But I would argue this lets you engage with the writer in a way that is no longer done – the reader’s one-sided conversation with Tolstoy is an important part of the experience of reading War and Peace. The writer is both brilliant and irritable, distrustful of history and almost innocent in his outlook

towards notions of war and peace, and yet pointed in his critique of campaigns led by singular men instead of revolutionary movements by large groups of people. Most importantly, the book blurs the line between fiction and reality, and tells the story of a real-world event in a way in which the world would be more willing to accept.

In conclusion, is War and Peace really a book you should read before you turn 30? Probably. Is it a book you should read whenever you have time, regardless of how old you are? Definitely.

COLOUR, CANON AND COLONY Mubanga Mweemba Arts & Lit Editor University of Cambridge student Lola Olufemi penned an open letter to the university’s English faculty that sought to broaden the current English curriculum to include more writers of colour. This belief was shared by fellow students and academics who signed the missive earlier this year in June. On 25 October, The Telegraph ran a story with Olufemi’s picture on the front-page, the headline reading “Student forces Cambridge to drop white authors”, the headline warping the sentiment of the letter. Though the Telegraph would go on to issue a correction on the statement that helmed Olufemi as some saboteur of English literature, the reactions from the piece revealed two very distinct lines of thought that always seem to arise in situations like these. And just like that we have to wonder how much weight we should give our notions of progress if these discussions are still receiving vicious backlash and that these conversations still have to take place.

When it comes to thinking of our literary canon, we need to interrogate why we hold it in such high regard,

why we view the slew of white (and overwhelmingly male) writers that inhabit its hallowed vestibules as literary leviathans? These are writers whose place in history are signatures of the vast injustices that Edward Said describes as “shapes imposed and disfigurements tolerated”. The open letter considers Said and his work on post-colonialism to be as essential to the English degree as Barthes, discussing meaningful incorporation of BME writers. We shouldn’t relegate these writers into obscurity by putting them in an optional module or having one writer take on the weight of their entire racial, ethnic, gender or class group in reading lists that still boast the hegemony of the white narrative. To decolonize is not merely to admit these writers into the syllabus, but making sure other voices are accepted and respected, to the degree that a student who hasn’t read James Baldwin is given the same perplexed reaction as someone who hasn’t read George Orwell.

In fact studies have shown the benefits of racial diversity in higher education. A Stanford study, titled Effects of Racial Diversity on Complex Thinking in College Students’, finds quantitative data to back up previous claims in research which states how “racially diverse educational environments are associated with positive intellectual and social outcomes”. This parallels the Watson, Kumar and Michaelson 1993 paper on cultural diversity which found that racially heterogeneous (racially diverse) groups had a more extensive set of alternative solutions to a structured problem than homogeneous (racially alike) groups. We benefit from having a diverse cohort of students; imagine the effects of having a racially diverse literature degree.

The myth that writers from the global south do not contribute to an English degree to the same extent as their Western counterparts is fuelled by fear; fear that students will not want to apply to a university if they are not receiving the comprehensive literary education they expect. Yet, as learning institutions, the role of

universities shouldn’t be to run programs that necessarily suit student and societal expectation. University shouldn’t be a commodity that can be bought and run by those who pay for it. We cannot hold onto the security of tradition if, as a consequence, we are failing to give recognition to the writers who improve our understanding of the world and help us understand how the world can improve. Such disfigurations shouldn’t be tolerated.

The recalibration of the canon will not be without its difficulties. But we can only improve as scholars and academics and citizens if we are willing to be challenged morally and critically, and to move on from exhaustive systems that are not preparing us for the world outside of our classrooms and our own experiences.

EXEP SÉ 30 YEARS

30TH ANNIVERSARY PULLOUT

30 YEARS...

AND COUNTING! Join us as we take a look back through the exeposé archives

The oldest issue of Exeposé that we managed to get our hands on was also the first made on a computer. Unfortunately, it seems as though the editorial team had a bit of a problem getting the acute accents to work.

Distréssing.

One of the oldest news stories we can find has probably the best headline we’ve encountered: ‘The Pasty They Tried To Ban’. we’re not sure what the pasty was and who was trying to ban it, but hey, if it gets you to pick up a paper…

Have you ever thought ‘oh boy, there’s nothing I’d rather do than read through all the numbers in the Guild’s budget!’ No? Well, back in the early days of Exeposé, we used to publish it in full. Perhaps we’re better off sticking to Arts+Lit now…

the Conservative MP Sajid Javid came to Exeter, but he had a little less success with elections before graduation. In this front page, we see that he lost the race for Campaigns Officer.

Top-up loans were a big deal back in the day, so much so that 40 students decided to occupy the Vice-Chancellor’s office in protest. They were led by the Guild President of the time – over to you, Shades!

Early Exeposé didn’t exactly hold itself back, especially when the National Front decided that it would pay a visit.

I think we’ll leave the headline, “Vile Scum RETURN TO EXETER”, to speak for itself.

Back in the day, BUCS reports were built on bad quality banter rather than admiration of athletic prestige. Fortunately, our Sport Editors now know better than to write headlines in the vernacular of your average Wednesday Timepiece-goers.

What would Uni be like if we didn’t have the Guild? There was a real worry back in ’93 that thanks to new laws coming through government, we might lose our students’ union. Here at Exeposé, we’re glad we didn’t – after all, where else would we get our curly fries from?

T would take a brave - or foolish - person

Some wise guy back in ’95 thought it would be a good idea to change our name up to ‘Exepress’ – disappointing. Thankfully, it only lasted a few issues, before good old Exeposé returned to campus.

This was a massive issue for Exeposé – our first in colour! Unfortunately, it seems as though the editors at the time got a little bit excited and took things a bit too far (sick bags not provided).

Freshers’ Week can be a messy time for some, but it takes some real effort to drink the Ram dry. That’s what happened back in ’96, when our campus pub ran out of lager after just two and a half days. We dread to think what the hangovers must have been like…

Ahh, Ben Bradshaw, our local MP. The Exeposé team took great joy in covering his election in the ’97 landslide a full 20 years ago. Keep going Ben, your term will get to our age eventually.

Think back to the olden days, when people didn’t pay tuition fees (you know, when all the politicians that impose them went to Uni). The Guild held a student referendum on the issue, and Exeposé was providing all of the (absolutely, positively, definitely not biased) coverage.

Everybody knows that students are culinary geniuses. That’s why it comes as somewhat of a surprise that back in this issue, Exeposé reported that on average three calls were being made to the Fire Department every day from halls. Maybe just stick to beans on toast?

You thought getting kicked out of a club at 2:30 was bad? Spare a thought for our pre-1998 alumni, who had to deal with a 1am nightclub curfew. And people say Exeter’s nightlife is poor now!

Remember when the Lemmy was a good night? No, us neither (sorry Guild), but apparently once it was popular enough that it tried to hold Wednesday club nights too. Unfortunately, the Guild couldn’t get a licence, and now we can only dream about seeing those sticky floors in the middle of the week.

T would take a brave - or foolish - person

Pre-exam angst can cause quite a few things, but a rampage through the library? We’ve all been frustrated with deadlines, but I think we can safely say that we’ve never smashed up a computer!

Our friends down at Xpression just got back from a night at the Student Radio Awards, but did you know that they once broadcast out to the entire city for a whole fortnight? They had an expected 12,000 listeners at peak times, leading them to compete with the main local station - impressive!

Ah, yes, R.O.N. Our trusty friend that always runs but never actually wins, right? Wrong.

With only one candidate for President back in 2007, R.O.N. managed to pick up 1,184 votes and force a re-run.

Imagine Streatham campus without the Forum. The heaving heart of campus, renowned for its well-used library, coffee chains and the indomitable Market Place, was still just a semiabstract concept back in 2009.

SIR STEVE SMITH VICE-CHANCELLOR, UNIVERSITY OF EXETER

“Over the past three decades, Exeposé has made a vital contribution to the University community, whether it be debating University issues or commenting on the big topics of the day. It has made a massive contribution to student voice here at Exeter and has never been afraid of investigating and covering challenging and difficult subjects. It has been the training ground for outstanding journalists and has created some memorable headlines. As Vice-Chancellor I am very proud of what it has achieved so far and I look forward to watching its progress in the years to come.”

“Exeposé is an integral platform for representation of the student voice in its truest form since 1987. it has reported on the issues and events foregrounded in student mindsets and provided several of their writers, photographers and designers the experience to go on and work for numerous major publications like The Guardian, The Independent, the BBC, Xbox 360 Magazine and many others.

SHADES PRESIDENT, STUDENTS’ GUILD

From the year 2000 to date, they have been shortlisted and have won various awards including the Guardian’s Student Media Campaign of the year, NUS Student Publication of the Year and Best ‘Student Journalist’ award at the Virgin Money Giving Mind Media Awards. They have also undertaken numerous fascinating projects like XMedia’s concurrent coverage of the US Election last November.

They are a testament to the fact the students at Exeter are smart, driven individuals who are high achievers and are constantly driving for positive change.”

T would take a brave - or foolish - person

EXEP SÉ 30 YEARS

The University of Exeter’s independent student newspaper since 1987

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THE BEST ALBUMS OF 1987

30 years ago in 1987, actor-turned-politician Ronald Reagan was President of the United States, Margaret Thatcher occupied 10 Downing Street having secured a third consecutive victory for her government, and the first issue of Exeposé was hot off the student press. Cinema-goers flocked to see Dirty Dancing, and Michelangelo, Donatello, Leonardo and Raphael (perhaps better known as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles) made their cartoon debut on television.

Yet, among other seismic events which shaped the 1980s, 1987’s music scene arguably had one of the longest-lasting legacies of the year, and not just on popular culture. In a year where Madonna, Whitney Houston and Bon Jovi were household names and global stars, many of the year’s critically acclaimed releases are still important records today and continue to evoke and inspire their listeners, with the following among the best.

Chloe Edwards, Online Music Editor

Fleetwood Mac Tango in the Night

A decade after their 1977 breakthrough Rumours, 80s electronic and pop hooks had carved their way into the band’s trademark sound. With over 15 million copies sold and recognised as the last studio album from the band’s classic lineup, Tango in the Night spawned some of the group’s most-loved singles. ‘Little Lies’ and ‘Everywhere’ perfectly symbolise the decade’s sonic influence on Fleetwood Mac’s signature, yet still feature enough of the group’s originality and innovation to form a record adored by fans old and new.

INXS Kick

Top picks: ‘Need You Tonight’, ‘Never Tear Us Apart’.

Top picks: ‘Isn’t it Midnight’, ‘Big Love’, ‘Everywhere’.

George Michael Faith

The Smiths Strangeways, Here We Come

Prince Sign o’ the Times

Whilst some may raise an eyebrow at the inclusion of an album whose title track is known throughout the globe, its prominent status reflects the record’s success, which launched George Michael as a solo artist. Fresh out of Wham!, Faith saw Michael win various awards, notably the first white artist to reach number one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums Charts. With its R&B and funk-tinged singles, and lyrics mostly focusing on relationships, it marked a new start and phenomenal fame for a mature artist who was not yet twenty-five.

Australian rockers INXS struck gold with their sixth studio album which preceded a 16 month global stadium tour. The best-selling album from the group with reported sales almost at the 20 million mark in 2012, Kick is recognised by critics worldwide as “rhythm rock perfection”. Touching on pop rock, alternative rock and new wave, Kick is filled with infectiously snappy hooks and sharp lyrics which at times conflict themselves in songs covering topics from romantic intimacy to apartheid.

Depeche Mode Music for the Masses

A record which contributed to Depeche Mode’s launch into success, and produced by a recording engineer who had previously worked for Tears for Fears, Music for the Masses is a sparkling example of Britain’s sonics in the late 80s. Littered with electro notes and drum machine beats which form a framework for the tracks, this record paved the way for 1990’s Violator, which features some of the group’s biggest tracks such as ‘Enjoy the Silence’ and ‘Personal Jesus’.

Top picks: ‘Hand to Mouth’, ‘One More Try’.

Top picks: ‘Never Let Me Down Again’, ‘Strangelove’, ‘Behind the Wheel’.

With its title a reference to the former name of Manchester’s high-security prison, the final record from indie duo Morrissey and Johnny Marr saw the tensions between the two reach a head as the group had split up before the album’s release. At the time of the record’s creation, Johnny Marr had begun looking for other influences, notably the Beatles’ White Album. Certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry and spending seventeen weeks in the charts, Morrissey and Marr feel the group’s swan song record is their best together.

Having met in an electronics shop in London in 1981, former architect student Chris Lowe and former music journalist Neil Tennant, or Pet Shop Boys, have since sold over 50 million records and are three-time BRIT Award winners, having released a staggering 42 Top 30 singles. After the success of their debut release, Actually has been loosely marked as a critique of Thatcherism, sublimely told through synth-pop and dance pop, and recorded just before Thatcher’s third electoral victory.

Pet Shop Boys Actually

Top picks: ‘What Have I Done To Deserve This?’, ‘Heart’.

Top picks: ‘Last Night I Dreamt That Somebody Loved Me’.

Three years after debated magnum opus Purple Rain, Sign o’ the Times is Prince’s most critically acclaimed record and embodies a variety of styles, such as funk, soul and electro. With opening title track a sober commentary on political and social issues in American daily life and across the globe, its lyrics feature sombre and evocative lines such as “sister killed her baby ‘cuz she couldn’t afford to feed it/And yet we’re sending people to the moon”; it’s no surprise Prince was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame several decades later.

Top picks: ‘Housequake’, ‘It’, ‘Starfish and Coffee’.

The Cure Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me

The record which helped to launch The Cure in the U.S. and across the globe, Kiss Me, Kiss Me, Kiss Me is the seventh album from the group and received high praise from the music press upon its release. With The Cure being prominent figures in the early 80s emergence of gothic rock, this album features one of the group’s most well-known singles, ‘Just Like Heaven’, in addition to Robert Smith’s instantly recognisable vocals and perfectly layered instrumentals.

Top picks: ‘Why Can’t I Be You?’, ‘Just Like Heaven’, ‘One More Time’.

NEW WAVE: 70S MEETS 80S Chris Connor Contributor New Wave is one of the great 80s genres, giving birth to a slew of hit singles and groups from Blondie to Eurythmics to The Police sandwiched in with A-ha, Depeche Mode and Talking Heads. You’ll still find many New Wave singles getting serious radio airplay in 2017 – Eurythmics’ ‘Sweet Dreams’, The Police’s ‘Every Breath You Take’, Blondie’s ‘Heart of Glass’, to name a few. So, which New Wave albums are worth a listen?

I think I’ll start with The Police, who are arguably one of the defining New Wave bands and still much-loved to this day (even if Sting isn’t). The Police had hit singles on all of their albums so choosing a favourite is hard, but I decided to go for the group’s debut, Outlandos d’Amour, which captures them at their rawest and showcases the range of their sound. It contains several of their biggest songs (‘So Lonely’, ‘Roxanne’, ‘Can’t Stand Losing You’), as well as lesser-known gems such as ‘Born in the 50s’ and ‘Next To You’.

I feel this album is a fantastic starting place for The Police, illustrating that there is more to the band than ‘Every Breath You Take’ and much more to Sting than his solo career would indicate. It showcases the skills of Stuart Copeland and Andy Summers and demonstrates the band’s versatility through punkier songs and reggae undertones.

Moving on to Power, Corruption and Lies, New Order’s 1983 album, which showcases the growth of this group from its parent Joy Division. It starts with one of New Order’s signature songs, ‘Age of Consent’, and is a constant buzz from start to finish, with ‘Ultraviolence’ and ‘5 8 6’ (the song which influenced their hit single ‘Blue Monday’), proving New Order’s capability to make you move your feet. It’s probably up there as New Order’s danciest record and shows how diverse New Wave could be as a genre. I find it shocking that New Order aren’t as well recognised as

other New Wave bands like Eurythmics, Duran Duran or even Spandau Ballet (make of them what you will).

Parallel Lines cemented Blondie as one of the biggest groups of the late 70s and early 80s. It features several of their biggest hits, including ‘One Way or Another’, ‘Heart of Glass’, and ‘Sunday Girl’. It’s a perfect album from start to finish, merging rock and disco, and illustrating Debbie Harry and co. at the height of their powers and how fun New Wave could be. I feel this album also made Debbie Harry one of the greatest women in music.

Talking Heads released some of the best albums of both the 70s and 80s, with tracks like ‘Psycho Killer’ and ‘Once In A Lifetime’ standing the test of time.

Their album Stop Making Sense is one of the most acclaimed live albums of all time, with several incredible renditions of their songs up to that point. Little Creatures is perhaps not the first album that Talking Heads fans would think of, however, it’s a fantastic showcase of one of rock’s more experimental bands. It kicks off with the superb ‘And She Was’ and concludes with one of Talking Heads biggest singles, ‘Road to Nowhere’.

It’s a shame Talking Heads weren’t around longer, but boy, what a legacy they left behind. This album, whilst not containing the band’s best-known material, has ended up being their best-selling album, with two million copies in the US alone. Talking Heads are another example of how New Wave was able to blend genres together with funk and disco influences on display throughout their work.

BACK AND BADDER THAN EVER Alex Wingrave Contributor aAAAA The year is 1987...

“They say the sky’s the limit, and to me that’s really true,” sings Michael Jackson on the titular track of Bad, and it certainly seems to be reflective of his career so far. Thriller is the best-selling album of all time, won an unprecedented eight Grammys in 1984, and firmly established Jackson as a powerful talent and a titan in the music industry. The huge expectations for a follow-up, coupled with all the recent controversy around hischanging appearance and eccentric lifestyle,

mean that Bad is a very important record for Jackson’s career.

We open with the titular track, a murky, funky song that builds on the edgier sound from tracks like ‘Billie Jean’ and ‘Thriller’, and shows a confident Jackson asserting that he’s “really bad”, a line that pairs well with the black leather ensemble he sports on the album cover. The whole album has the singer trying on a new darker, swaggering aesthetic, and it mostly fits – ‘Dirty Diana’ is a rock-centric spiritual sequel to ‘Beat It’, with some dubious lyrics about a groupie, but an agreeably dirty guitar sound. ‘Smooth Criminal’ has a fantastic synth bass line that drives another lyrically disturbing song about a woman named Annie attacked in her home – Jackson’s fierce delivery, and the dynamic horns in the chorus, makes it a compelling and catchy listen, crafting an almost cinematic sound reminiscent of ‘Thriller’.

Fortunately, the more upbeat side of the singer is by no means absent, with ‘The Way You Make Me Feel’, ‘Another Part of Me’, the hidden final track ‘Leave Me Alone’, and Stevie Wonder duet ‘Just Good Friends’ providing soulful, joyous tones that will fill discos everywhere. The first of these is particularly infectious, as Jackson passionately sings to a lover over yet another fantastically produced beat – Quincy Jones and the studio musicians have done a stellar job across the board.

‘Liberian Girl’ and ‘I Just Can’t Stop Loving You’ are both well-executed ballads, particularly the latter, and it goes without saying that Jackson’s vocal delivery is fantastic throughout, packed with power and emotion.

While he was heavily involved with the album creatively, writing nine of the eleven songs on the CD, the highlight of the record, ‘Man in the Mirror’, is a composition from frequent collaborators Glen Bal-

lard and Siedah Garrett. The introspective lyrics about self-reflection and change, combined with the gospelinfluenced epic choruses, make it a real highlight for Jackson’s career. I feel like it would have been an ideal pick to close the album on a high. Instead we are given the relatively standard ‘Leave Me Alone’, which is a tad forgettable, as is ‘Speed Demon’ and much of the album’s middle section – though by no means bad songs, there is nothing unique used to capitalise on the unique groove and dynamism which Jackson’s voice has.

Bad is an album that has the impossible task of trying to top the once-in-a-lifetime musical earthquake that was Thriller, and it’s no surprise that it doesn’t top the highs of its predecessor. However, this is still an excellent album of pop music, expanding on the funk, soul and rock influences which Jackson has previously displayed, and is arguably more consistent. Hopefully the singer’s well-publicised lifestyle doesn’t overshadow Bad, because this is a fantastic album from a musician continually honing his craft, well deserving of the domination of pop music he currently enjoys.

NEVER GONNA GIVE 1987 UP

Olivia Denton Contributor

1987 was a phenomenal time for music, and here’s why: in 1987, if they were in love, they let you know it; if they wanted to dance with somebody, they wanted to sing about it, and they danced like no one was watching. Although the year was a wonderful time for iconic albums that may be seen to be of more artistic merit, I want to appreciate the glory of the hits that we often make fun of, but in actuality are absolute bangers.

In 1987, music exploded from the stereos in the form of power-ballads, electronic dance music, and rock, to name but a few popular styles. It’s no coincidence that Whitney Houston’s iconic ‘I Wanna Dance with Somebody’ single came out the same year as Dirty Dancing.

Lest we forget the plot of Dirty Dancing: two people are brought together by a reaction to music. ‘I’ve Had the Time of My Life’, and ‘Hungry Eyes’ soundtrack the most passionate moments of the film, where the high-running emotions can be felt in the pounding of drums, like hearts beating against ribcages. It’s as if 1987 tapped into some animalistic response, so that we hear these tunes and simply cannot help ourselves from wanting to dance. This sounds dramatic but 1987 was dramatic, and refreshingly so.

If you’ve ever been in love, 1987 is right there with you. For whatever reason, 1987 was unashamedly in love, and songs like Heart’s ‘Alone’ cried out with the emotional formula that typifies the quintessential 80s power-ballad. These songs begin slow, quiet, and tame then crescendo up at the chorus in exultation. An additional hit that follows that same dramatic thread is Cutting Crew’s ‘(I Just) Died In Your Arms’. There is something so honest and appealing about the hyperbolic beauty of these tunes that seems so relatable to the actual, mad, loud feeling of being in love. How can our current chart hits even come close to capturing the emotion of love like they did in 1987, with their soaring electric guitars, synths and colossal vocals? Answer: they can’t.

It’s easy to forget, with all the incredible pop and dance

music, that the 80s was an excellent decade for rock, including releases such as Fleetwood Mac’s heartstopping ‘Everywhere’. Although songs like these are old, they still sing out with a freshness. The time’s simple sentiments and lyrical beauty still speak to us today. Matched with that comes the success of U2’s still intensely emotional song ‘With or Without You’.

These iconic and heart-breakingly excellent songs came out of 1987 and have continued to be influential in the rock genre.

The rise of glam metal culminated in Bon Jovi’s anthem ‘Livin’ on a Prayer’ (which went on to be the biggest worldwide hit of 1987). Depending on your musical preferences, what is really strong about this year in musical history is the combination of heavy rock with pop to create just a total treat. Let us all take a sharp inhale of breath as I utter the words ‘Sweet Child O’Mine’ by Guns N’ Roses, which I have to say speaks for itself in its place in rock history.

Additionally, the first house music track reached number one, as a result of the ever-increasing interest in electric dance music, with ‘Shake you Down’

by Gregory Abbott. It’s no surprise that with the rise of digital music, songs that tended to be at the top of the charts were those that incorporated potentially bizarre but lovable tropes in their songs, for example The Bangles’ number one ‘Walk Like An Egyptian’ with its tambourines and incredible cymbal clashes, and various other intriguing sound effects - all hail the desertvibes of The Bangles.

Rick Astley was the British success story with the iconic track ‘Never Gonna Give You Up’. Its sweet sentiment, matched with the darkness of his baritone vocals, still resonate today. Even in 2017 people constantly reference this song, whether that be sarcastically or not. A prime example of this is ‘Rick-Rolling’, which involves sharing a link to something (usually the more serious the better) and that link actually redirecting you to a video of ‘Never Gonna Give You Up’. I would recommend trying this out as a way of immersing yourself in the pure joyfulness of 1987’s music because honestly, you have to hand it to Astley - it’s incredibly catchy.

My mum (an original 80s babe), claims that 80s music is different to contemporary music because it “had to tell a story”. I think this urgency to tell a tale through song is partly due to the rise of music videos, with public access to music being so multi-sensory that it had to almost feel like the emotional journey of watching a film. To highlight some story-telling corkers, I invite you to check out Chris de Burgh’s ‘Lady In Red’, a beautiful tune which just describes a guy realizing he wants to dance with someone. One of the reasons that the iconic Christmas song ‘Fairytale of New York’ by The Pogues remains so popular is because of the endearing narrative that takes place within it.

The music of 1987 should be particularly treasured as that music urged you to forget your worries, get up and dance. What I personally adore about the music from that specific year is its ability to express emotion, like a tidal wave rich in electric guitar riffs and hella catchy tunes.

MIDLIFE CRISIS MIXTAPE Childish Gambino - ‘Terrified’ Jake Myers

David Bowie - ‘We Are the Dead’ Maddy Parker

Jay-Z - ‘30 Something’ Josh Mines

Inception OST - ‘Dream is Collapsing’ Sakshi Raizada

The Beatles - ‘When I’m Sixty-Four’ Graham Moore

Oasis - ‘Fade Away’ Benedict “O.K.” Rees

Tears For Fears - ‘Advice for the Young at Heart’ Theodore Stone

New Order - ‘Elegia’ James Hacker

Billy Joel - ‘Only the Good Die Young’ Chris Connor

Iron & Wine - ‘Die’ Emily Garbutt

FOE - ‘A Handsome Stranger Called Death’ Tash Ebbutt

LCD Soundsystem - ‘I’m Losing My Edge’ Gabriel Brook

Stranger Things OST - ‘Descend into the Rift’ Alex Brammer

Vangelis - ‘Tears in Rain’ Holly Johnson

LAW CAREERS FAIR WEDNESDAY 15 NOVEMBER 2017 1PM – 4PM GREAT HALL AND SANCTUARY, STREATHAM CAMPUS Sponsored by

OPEN TO ALL STUDENTS www.exeter.ac.uk/lawfair To view a list of exhibitors visit:

SCREEN

EDITORS Fenton Christmas Ben Faulkner screen@exepose.com

UNDER THE INFLUENCE Exeposé Screen Editors list their most influencial films since 1987.

BEN’S PICKS

FENTON’S PICKS

Groundhog Day (1993) A cult classic that still holds strong today. When Harold Ramis wrote a not only comedic but also unexpectedly sweet Bill Murray flick, he introduced the world of film to the concept of one day repeating itself over and over. For better or for worse, it’s a concept that has been used a plethora of times since.

Jurassic Park (1993) This early 90s classic was at the very forefront of special effects and film making techniques. Even just the water vibrating before the T-rex arrives is a timeless piece of movie magic. From incredible advances in animatronics, to digital enhancements, even to the score, it’s still amazing - even 24 years on.

Toy Story (1995) With Pixar’s first brilliantly-animated flick, John Lasseter transcended the traditional kid’s animation. Beyond the vibrant characters and abundance of charm, there were full-bodied characters and a sophisticated, nuanced script - a model that Pixar developed and perfected over the next 30 years.

Pulp Fiction (1994) SAY WHAT AGAIN! Endlessly quotable, darkly comic, and structurally inventive: just some of the reasons why Pulp Fiction is considered a true inspiration for so many films. But its explosion into the cultural sphere is perhaps even more influencial, in terms of the wider acceptance and emergence of the independent scene.

The Blair Witch Project (1999) A cult-horror classic, The Blair Witch Project was a true advancement in how directors attempt to terrify their audience. The idea of telling a story through ‘found footage’ was thrust into the mainstream by the film, and displayed to what extent narrative can be manipulated to tell a story.

The Matrix (1999) Yes, I know - yawn. How many times have you heard someone talk about the influence of The Matrix? Even so, this film has been endlessly ripped off in some way.

From the story, to the setting, to the philosophy, to the aesthetics etc, its all popped up again somewhere. And don’t mention slow-mo dodging bullets.

The Bourne Identity (2002) Doug Liman’s adaptation of Robert Ludlum’s spy novel could easily have ventured into cliche. However, a grounded, realistic take on the spy genre gave audiences a new option to supplement the cheesy and playedout nature of Bond. It not only paved the way for a great trilogy, but changed the face of spy films forever.

Pan’s Labyrinth (2006) Potentially an odd choice, Del Toro’s incredible dark fairy tale is itself a collection of influences from film history. But the amazing make-up and set designs, as well as a renewed appreciation for foreign films, this modern classic will undoubtedly influence filmmakers for years to come.

The Dark Knight (2008) Nolan’s even darker second instalment in his Batman Trilogy was a true revelation, blending a very familiar superhero story (Batman vs. the Joker) with the style and drive of a gritty crime-thriller. Although Marvel have championed a style of their own, The Dark Knight is still very much in its own league amongst DC films.

Inception (2010) Double Nolan - we love it, even if the outstanding special effects have often since been copied with bad results (*cough* Doctor Strange *cough*). A mutli-layered story that makes you question your own existence and a score to melt your ears (in a good way), Inception may never be repeated, but many will give it a go.

Birdman (or The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014) Alejandro Inarritu provided a modern masterpiece in Birdman. Clever editing created the illusion that the whole film was just one continuous shot, which leaves us with a truly unique, immersive experience, one that felt even theatrical in style.

The Raid: Redemption (2011) A close choice between this and Oldboy, The Raid wins out here simply because of the pure brutality and realism of the stuntwork, as true masters of the art do what feels like real battle. Beautifully shot with incredible editing, this film is now certainly the benchmark for action film stunt and camera work.

YOU AIN’T SEEN NOTHING YET

Callum Newens Contributor

30 years ago, in 1987, Exeposé arrived on the planet, blinking, stepping into the sun. It’s fair to say that since then, a lot has changed. In 1987, people lived in a world where the global population was two billion less than it is today, Yugoslavia was a country, the Channel Tunnel didn’t exist, The Simpsons was only just debuting on TV, and Madonna was actually relevant.

The 30-year period between 1987 and 2017 has also seen monumental changes in the cinematic landscape.

Whether it be the technical aspects of filmmaking such as the massive leap forward in visual effects and picture quality, or social aspects such as the increasing (though still lacking) representation of minority groups on screen, film today is incredibly different when compared to 1987.

In 1987 you could watch either a new film at the cinema, whatever was being shown on your television at that time, or any of the films you had on VHS at home.

Whilst these options are still available today (though admittedly if anyone is still using VHS – who are you, why are you doing this, and are you over 65?) so are a plethora of other choices. Online streaming services offer brand new films and televisions shows, as well as a back-catalogue of hundreds of thousands of hours of cinematic content in cheap and convenient ways.

From online content such as YouTube, to video games with blockbuster-level budgets, more forms of visual entertainment exist today than ever before. This changing landscape of consumption shows no signs of stopping. Netflix has announced they are planning to spend $7 billion on the creation and acquisition of

Chris Connor Contributor

original content next year, whilst technology giant Apple is also looking to break into the online streaming market, setting aside $1 billion for next year’s content.

The increase in platforms for distribution and new media types is a trend that shall only continue, so who knows where we’ll be in the next 30 years? Beaming Fast and Furious 26 directly into our brains? Watching 0.5 second ‘micro-videos’ because social media has ruined our attention span?

Both originality and creativity have also developed in cinema over the past three decades. Indeed, the argument could be made that there is less than in 1987.

Take this year’s global box office as an example. At the time of going to print, the ten movies that have made the most money worldwide this year are all based off existing properties. Whether they are sequels (The Fate of the Furious, Despicable Me 3), comic book adaptations (Logan, Wonder Woman), or classic films remade with more badly autotuned Emma Watson (Beauty and the Beast), none are original cinematic ideas. If expanding to the top twenty, only one movie is truly original – Christopher Nolan’s Dunkirk.

However, this is an incredibly reductive way of discussing creativity and originality. Yes, the cinematically bereft Transformers: The Last Knight was made (and, inexpicably, watched), but arguably there has never been a period of more creativity and originality in movie and television making. With the abundance of methods of content distribution, original and creative ideas are now able to reach an audience, no matter how niche. In 1987 would an animated show about a washed-up celebrity horse which contains equal parts biting social satire, accurate representations of mental health and hilarious animal puns, run for four seasons?

Arguably not. Would a major player in TV release a

show that revolves around the central character transitioning from a man to a woman? Unlikely. The numerous platforms for distribution have allowed for creativity to thrive, and for bold, new and striking ideas to reach audiences worldwide.

To summarise the changing nature of an industry across a 30-year period in one mere article is simply impossible, and the aforementioned changes are but two of a number that could be discussed. However, if I was to attempt to encapsulate the change since 1987, I would say that the key takeaway is the fact that now anyone can create and distribute content and anyone can consume content. The CGI is better, the scale and ambition of movies is bigger, and Bruce Willis is grumpier, but the real change is the democratisation and accessibility of video content. Anyone can create and can consume, and this is a change that will continue to impact movies and television forever.

terpiece, both for its own huge impact and for launching the careers of several of its actors, most notably Ewan McGregor.

Despite his failure to follow up since the Lord of the Rings, Peter Jackson certainly deserves a place on this list. That trilogy alone is arguably one of the greatest pieces of modern filmmaking: it’s visually breathtaking, blending Tolkien’s source material with aweinspiring shots of the New Zealand landscape, Howard Shore’s superb score, and meticulous attention to detail. It still holds up remarkably well nearly sixteen years after the release of the Fellowship of the Ring, shaping how people view fantasy sagas and having a profound impact on cinematography.

Christopher Nolan’s influence, too, can’t be overlooked. I feel one of his biggest achievements is reinventing the superhero genre, with the darker tone shadowing his Dark Knight trilogy. These three films are ambitious to a tee, and showcase phenomenal acting and visuals. Other gems such as The Prestige and 2010’s mind-bending Inception have gripped audiences, and this year’s Dunkirk offered a fascinating insight into the minds of the British at the evacuation.

Nolan, much like Boyle, has shown his range within a plethora of genres; for example, his influence is visible in the recent darker take on James Bond, with Casino Royale often being compared to Batman Begins.

Quentin Tarantino has surely been one of the most influential directors of the last 25 years, with a series of critically acclaimed films from 1992’s Reservoir Dogs through to 2015’s Hateful Eight. Whilst his films may be on the violent side they are tremendous fun, with fizzing scripts and zany characters. This is well encap-

sulated by 2012’s Django Unchained, featuring the superb Christoph Waltz. Tarantino’s soundtracks, too, are always impressive: see Pulp Fiction’s 60s and 70s soundtrack, and the use of David Bowie’s ‘Cat People’ in Inglorious Basterds.

We have also seen continued success for artists working prior to 1987, most notably Martin Scorsese who has released some of his most acclaimed films (Goodfellas, Casino, Hugo) in the post-‘87 period. The same can be said of Steven Spielberg (Schindlers List, Jurassic Park). Special mentions also go out to the Coen Brothers and Wes Anderson who have both had stellar track records during the past three decades.

With such an excellent recent history of film to fall back on, surely the future - littered as it may be with endless Marvel sequels and franchise reboots - will provide a plethora of exciting and innovative films for our enjoyment.

BACK TO THE FUTURE

The last 30 years have been a rollercoaster for film, with a slew of writers, actors, directors, composers, and cinematographers coming to the fore. Picking out the ‘most influential’ is therefore a tall order, but nonetheless a worthy enterprise.

I feel I should start with Pixar, one of the pioneers of the animation industry in the 21st century, with a consistently creative and innovative output. The quality of their work in the late noughties is staggering, with gems such as Ratatouille, WALL-E and Up being released in the years 2007-9 to an adoring reception.

Whilst their acclaim may have dipped somewhat after 2010’s Toy Story 3, Pixar returned to its former magic with the 2015 hit Inside Out, providing both an emotional rollercoaster and a fun and thoughtful take on moving home and growing up. Early reviews for Coco indicate that Pixar is set to carry on in force.

Danny Boyle is one of the finest working British directors and has made some remarkable films over the last 25 years, from 1996’s Trainspotting to this years T2.

His work spans a broad range of genres, and proves him adept at handling an array of talented actors and scripts. Boyle also deserves credit for his work in the London 2012 Olympic opening ceremony, showcasing his talents and flair to a global audience. Meanwhile, Steve Jobs was a strong indicator of Boyle’s talents getting the best out of Michael Fassbender in the lead role and burrowing into the mind of a troubled genius. Trainspotting will likely remain Boyle’s mas-

Aaron Loose Contributor

DREAMING UP REALITY

Ever since the birth of the moving image, we have been obsessed with using cameras to document our ever-changing world. In fact, the very first films were documentaries, such as the Luminère brothers’ 1895 silent film The Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station, a fifty-second single take that showed precisely what the title promised.

Of course, documentary filmmaking has enjoyed a few renaissances since that golden era of 12 frames per second. IMAX cameras, for instance, were developed for educational films. And yet this pioneering medium is forgotten when people start writing their ‘best films’ lists. Moreover, many documentaries receive limited theatrical releases - in order to qualify for awards consideration - before being dumped into the mire of syndicated television.

They deserve so much more. Claude Lanzmann’s 1985 Shoah, a nine-hour panoramic descent into the atrocities of the Holocaust, is not just one of the greatest films ever made but also a definitive statement on human catastrophe. Perhaps more than any other form, the documentary can arm us with the knowledge to right foul injustices. They can reveal wrongdoing in our institutions, as in Ava DuVenary’s The 13th, a horrifying account of segregation in American prisons, and in the extraordinary case of Errol Morris’ The Thin Blue Line, even overturn wrongful convictions.

But that’s not to say we should blindly trust everything we watch. Some documentarians - Frederick Wiseman springs to mind - approach a subject like a rigorous

Ben Faulkner Screen Editor

investigative journalist. Their cameras are passive observers, their skilful editing dramatising the facts only as necessary to hold our attention. Then there are the opinionated columnists, like Michael Moore, who cut their footage to dramatise an agenda. Now, Moore’s Fahrenheit 9/11 is a brilliant film: it won the Palme d’Or, arguably the highest accolade in world cinema.

But it’s vital that we appreciate that documentaries do not record the truth; they shape it, too.

To be fair, the line between truth and fact has always been fuzzy in cinema. Directors throughout history have spiked their narratives with documentary technique; for example, the Italian neo-realists would cast non-actors to build realism. However, recent films, such as Sarah Polley’s wrenching 2011 docudrama Stories We Tell, blur fact and fiction to critique the slipperiness of truth itself. Polley’s film, alongside Asif

Kapadia’s home movie biography Amy, confirms that non-fiction cinema can be as moving and innovative as any mumbled indie or VFX extravaganza.

There is, however, an argument that the documentary’s natural home is the small screen. Like a history book, a documentary on television can be split into multiple volumes, examining each facet of a topic in thrilling, granular detail. Behold the jaw-dropping series of natural history films Sir David Attenborough has devised for the BBC since 1978. Here, the episodic format liberated filmmakers to catalogue every tropical nook and subterranean cranny of our extraordinary, mysterious planet. It remains an unparalleled achievement.

However, of all the documentary genres, the concert film might be the most popular. Stop Making Sense, Jonathan Demme’s seminal 1983 film of a Talking Heads concert, is so electrifyingly immersive that you could see it as a forerunner for virtual reality experiences. While some play like million-dollar press kits (sorry, One Direction: This Is Us) a chosen few tune in so deeply into their subjects that it feels like a visual extension of the group’s musical fixations. One such work is 2011’s Pulp: A Film about Life, Death and Supermarkets, a perky experiment that splices arresting performances from the Britpop conquerors’ final UK concert in their hometown Sheffield with loving vignettes of ordinary urban life.

Something about its earthy images of children playing footy on a brisk Saturday morning encapsulates what films about ‘real things’ can do. The greatest storytellers of our time could spend millions of years dreaming up a terrific yarn, crammed with alien invasions and savage breakups, and it could never match those mundane moments of wonder that pass us every day.

STRANGER(ER) THINGS

I hate to think of the number of kids whose trick or treating efforts this Halloween were outright ignored due to people hibernating to binge Stranger Things 2. If you’re anything like me, you may have already demolished the whole nine episodes within 24 hours.

The Duffer brothers have taken us back to Hawkins in an equally gripping, but even more terrifying, sophomore series of the highly-successful Netflix scifi show. Eleven might have killed the Demogorgon at the end of the previous season (spoilers, duh), but Matt and Ross Duffer upped the stakes, introducing an even greater threat and further unravelling the enigma of the Upside Down.

The show is unapologetically genre fiction: it’s aware of its genre, it’s proud of its genre, and has no apologies over how far it utilises its technical elements to push its style. Beyond the brilliant clothing and the impressive details in the set, the way that the kids drive much of the plot harks back to many classic 80’s flicks like Stand By Me, The Goonies, and E.T. It plays on nostalgia and makes the world feel incredibly familiar; it’s this that makes it so easy to binge-watch. In fact, I went to watch Super 8 instantly after, out of a craving for the nostalgic style. When a show can hook you so convincingly on its style alone, it’s giving itself a serious head-start.

Yet the second series continued to prove that Stranger Things is by no means style over substance. The characters are, yet again, the heart of the show – the kids develop further into the heroes they need to be (par-

ticularly Eleven), and the new additions of Max and Billy keep the dynamics fresh. The most welcome new addition, however, was Sean Astin as Joyce’s new love interest, Bob. Arguably the most unique character, he gave a different (yet very much needed) perspective on the central plot. Meanwhile, if the characters are the heart it is the well-paced, exhilarating narrative which is the blood that keeps the show pumping.

By no means is the season perfect. Whether it’s some of the less-subtle, cheesier dialogue, or equally unconvincing moments of acting from the younger cast members, there were moments that failed to satisfy.

This was, for the most part, not a major issue; the writing and the kids’ performances are mostly very strong.

I will, however, endorse the wide criticism that episode seven, “The Lost Sister”, has faced. The Duffer Brothers themselves have recently defended it, saying it was crucial for Eleven’s arc. Certainly, some of her character development in this episode was key, but it didn’t have to take place in such a cheap, thin episode with some horrendously written characters and even worse acting. Most of all, it completely disrupted the building momentum of the show, set up brilliantly by “The Spy”. The final two episodes certainly amended this, however, and found a level of intensity unmatched by any previous Stranger Things episodes.

Despite very pedantic criticisms of some moments of acting, David Harbour and Winona Ryder must be singled out as shining stars yet again. They nail almost every scene they’re in, and produce some of the best scenes of the show when they’re working together.

They highlight one of the show’s key strengths from its very first episode; underneath the well-tuned style and intense plot, there is a genuinely convincing emo-

tional core that is harnessed by stellar performances from these two in particular.

It’s hard to figure out where to place the second season in comparison to the first, and often I’m not sure I like the question of ‘was it better than the first season?’ It’s naturally one of the first thoughts that crosses many of our minds, but different seasons have different purposes. The first was introducing us to the characters, settings, and concepts that inhabited this world, while the second was doing much more to deepen this understanding, and set itself up for further seasons.

At its core – with its irresistible 80s style, enchanting score, and thrilling narrative – this was the same old Stranger Things that we came to love last year. The Duffer brothers have done a remarkable job at feeding us a very similar skeleton to the first series, while still providing enough advancement in the narrative to avoid a feeling of repetition.

STUDY BREAK CROSSWORD # 105

SUDOKU # 43

Across

Down

1

Red, green or yellow skinned fruit (5)

1

Deflect - turn away (5)

4

State levy (3)

2

Treeless grassy plain (7)

6

Carve - mince (3)

3

Charms - our means (anagram) (8)

8

Manatee (anagram) - send out

4

Wobble unsteadily (6)

(a smell) (7)

5

Medical photograph (1-3)

Entertain (5)

6

Infatuation - liking (5)

10

Run to rev (anagram) - pastry dish (8)

7

Playhouse (7)

11

Close (4)

12

Thick pudding - after 1 across, a pastry

13

Red fruit with a hard stone (6)

14

Italy’s continent (6)

17

Remove from office (4)

19

9

dish (8) 13

Female upper body garment exposing

Irregular - a city pal (anagram) (8)

15

Place where 1’s and other fruit grow (7)

22

More faithful (5)

16

Be present at (a lecture, say) (6)

23

Remove hair (7)

18

Cheekiness - after 1 across, an

24

Pastry dish with a crust (3)

25

Offer (in an auction) (3)

20

Untrusting (5)

26

Empty - headed (5)

21

Crustacean with pinchers (4)

the stomach (4,3)

accompaniment for roast pork (5)

ANSWERS

RIDDLE ME THIS 1. GIVE ME FOOD, AND I WILL LIVE; GIVE ME WATER AND I WILL DIE. WHAT AM I? 2. WHAT GOES IN THE WATER BLACK AND COMES OUT RED? 3. WHAT LOSES ITS HEAD IN THE MORNING AND GETS IT BACK AT NIGHT? 4. WHAT KIND OF ROOM HAS NO DOORS OR WINDOWS? 5. WHAT GOES THROUGH TOWNS AND OVER HILLS BUT NEVER MOVES?

5. A Road, 6. Priest.

6. HE HAS MARRIED MANY WOMEN BUT HAS NEVER BEEN MARRIED. WHO IS HE?

Riddle Me This: 1.Fire, 2. A Lobster, 3. Pillow, 4. A Mushroom, Sauce, 20 Leery, 21 Crab.

7 Theatre, 12 Dumpling, 13 Crop top, 15 Orchard, 16 Attend, 18 Down: 1 Avert, 2 Prairie, 3 Enamours, 4 Teeter, 5 X-ray, 6 Crush, Epilate, 24 Pie, 25 Bid, 26 Giddy.

11 Shut, 13 Cherry, 14 Europe, 17 Oust, 19 Atypical, 22 Truer, 23 Across: 1 Apple, 4 Tax, 6 Cut, 8 Emanate, 9 Amuse, 10 Turnover,

BIRTHDAY WORDSEARCH

EIGHTIES POP CULTURE ANAGRAMS

1. REALMS GREW

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9. MALT GLEAM

3. SHUDDER OPALS 4. JOEY SHELLS

11. BOB OR PALACES

5. BUCK BRUISE

12. HOT RED CLAW

6. AGED CAMERAS

13. A GRANOLA NERD

7. OUTBACK FEET HURT

CAN YOU FIND ALL TWENTY ONE WORDS? BALLOONS

EXCITED

LAUGHTER

BARBECUE

FAMILY

LOVE

BIRTHDAY

FRIENDS

PARTY

CAKE

GAMES

PRESENTS

CANDLES

HAPPY

SONGS

CELEBRATE

HEART

SPECIAL

DREAMS

ICE CREAM

SUNSHINE

ANSWERS

10. GATHER CRAM THREAT

14. CIRCA COKE CAN

Crack Cocaine Escobar 12 The Cold War, 13 Ronald Reagan, 14 Pop, 9 Glam Metal, 10 Margaret Thatcher, 11 Pablo 6 Arcade Games, 7 Back to the Future, 8 Dance 3 Shoulder Pads, 4 Jelly shoes, 5 Rubiks Cube, Anagrams: 1Legwarmers, 2 The Breakfast Club,

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SCIENCE

EDITORS Leah Crabtree Luke Smith sciandtech@exepose.com

30 YEARS OF SCIENCE

Leah Crabtree Science Editor 1989: THE WORLD WIDE WEB

erendangered or extinct species. We might not be see- able fantasy. Ordinance survey maps now cast aside, ing woolly mammoths anytime soon, but as we enter we have a vast amount of data about the world at the Earth’s third mass extinction event, our knowledge of touch of a button. genetic manipulation may help save the planet.

2007: IPHONE Despite most of us being barely able to remember a time before we had smartphones, iPhones have been a staple of modern life for a mere decade. Released in 2007, the first iPhone revolutionised modern communication and redefined what users could do on their mobile phones. Gone were the days of asking people for directions or having to start up a slow desktop to check your emails. The handheld devices could do almost everything a standard laptop could and now we can hardly imagine life without them.

Initially conceived by Tim Berners Lee as a way to share data between scientists at the CERN institute where he worked, the World Wide Web soon became an integral part of modern society. Tim soon realised the potential of his invention and he and others advocated to ensure that anyone, anywhere could use and contribute to it without having to pay a fee or ask permission from a central authority to post anything on the web. In 2014, on the web’s 25th birthday, forty percent of people around the world were using it to do everything from sharing research to chatting to friends.

2012: HIGGS BOSON

1995: HIV ANTIRETROVIRALS Since its recognition in 1981, HIV has caused almost 40 million deaths worldwide. While there is still no cure, combination antiretroviral therapies enable HIV sufferers to live long lives. In many parts of the world the treatments are so effective that progression to AIDS in many countries is now increasingly rare.

The first successful HIV combination treatment was an antiretroviral therapy developed in 1996. A three drug therapy, it has resulted in a 60 to 80 percent decrease in mortality, hospitalisation and rates of progression to AIDS. In subsequent years, antiretroviral drugs have become even more sophisticated, vastly increasing the life expectancies of HIV sufferers.

1996: CLONING

A staple of GCSE biology textbooks, Dolly the Sheep represented a major breakthrough in genetic engineering. Created using somatic cell nuclear transfer, Dolly was the first mammal cloned from an adult cell. She was the only lamb to survive to adulthood from nearly 300 cloning attempts and paved the way for a new generation of mammalian cloning. The technique has since been used to revive an extinct mountain goat and has the potential to help preserve or recover oth-

2001: WIKIPEDIA

Considered by many as the most important experimental achievement in the field of physics for over half a century, the discovery of the Higgs Boson was pretty big news. The Higgs Boson is thought to be the particle that gives all matter its mass and its existence had been suspected for many years. It was found by smashing together particles of matter that had zoomed around the 17-mile Large Hadron Collider tunnel. The collisions produced firework-like particle sprays that were analysed by high-power computers to reveal the Higgs Boson fingerprint amongst the products.

What would you do without Wikipedia? Since its inception in 2001, the online database has gathered over five million English-language articles on a plethora of subjects. With over 32 million accounts globally, Wikipedia is larger than any other encyclopaedia on Earth. Whilst sometimes academically flawed due to its open-editing platform, its usefulness is unrivalled for students who often could not live without it. While 2015: WATER ON MARS these issues do exist, the online database’s impact on our ability to harness information about everything The scientific study of Mars began in the 17th century from CRISPR to socks has been truly Wiki(d). when Galileo Galilei made the first telescopic observation of the red planet. Astonishingly, physicist Gio2001: THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT vanni Cassini first predicted water on Mars as early as 1666, but it wasn’t until 2015 that he was proved corThe Human Genome project revealed the exact order rect when NASA confirmed that liquid water was preof our DNA along the entire human chromosome, serv- sent on the ‘fiery planet’. There are no standing bodies ing as a basis for research and discovery in the coming of liquid water because of the very cold Martian temdecades. It provided us with unparalleled information peratures but surface investigations have revealed the about human development, physiology, medicine and presence of ground and glacial ice. With human Mars evolution. Beyond helping to uncover the underly- missions in the not-so-distant future, this discovery ing molecular mechanisms of disease, the sequenc- might make habitation on Mars a real possibility. ing shockingly revealed that humans have only about twice as many genes as a simple garden worm. We are able to grow to be more complex because each of our genes produces an average of three proteins for every one protein produced by a worm.

2005: GOOGLE MAPS Launched in 2005, Google Maps quickly became every directionally-challenged human’s best friend.

Beginning as a series of complex algorithms, years of use by millions of people worldwide has contributed a vast amount of human data. Google Maps is now so sophisticated, encompassing ‘off-road’ trails as well as large roads, that the Borgesian dream of a 1:1 map of the entire world now does not seem such an unachiev-

Jack Warren Contributor

RESISTANCE IS FLU-TILE

Imagine a disease that can infect millions of people a year. One that can spread by merely coughing and sneezing. One that, in a 1918 outbreak, caused the death of at least 50 million people. No, I’m not talking about Ebola, Zika virus or any other disease that tends to dominate the news. I’m talking about the flu.

The flu is caused by the influenza virus, which produces symptoms similar to a common cold, like a runny nose or sore throat, but can be much more serious.

Think back to the panic caused by swine flu and bird flu in the last few decades, and you’ll realise the threat is nothing to be sniffed at.

So it’s good news that we have vaccines that can protect us from the virus. Experts across the world work all year round predicting which strains of the flu will be most prevalent in the following winter, and then producing a vaccine that trains our immune systems to fight the three most likely types to turn up. In the last few decades, we have become very good at this.

But the virus isn’t as easily defeated as that. Influenza has an annoying trait of being able to change its appearance very quickly. Hence we have to produce totally new flu jabs every year. The viruses carry large, globular proteins on their surfaces that draw the attention of the immune system. But an immune system trained to recognise lollipop-shaped molecules will be no help in tackling a strain with cricket bat-shaped molecules.

Most viruses morph like this, but the flu is very speedy at doing this. By the time it has spread from China to the USA, it will look totally different.

Flu’s tricky nature means the World Health Organisation holds off on announcing which vaccine needs to be produced until the February prior to the flu season hits the Northern Hemisphere. This balances the amount of time needed to produce enough of the vaccines with leaving it late enough to be more certain of what we will be fighting.

So how can we better protect ourselves against something that transforms itself so frequently?

One particularly interesting approach is to develop a ‘universal flu jab’. By trying to target the lollipop stick of the target molecule, rather than the lollipop itself, as this doesn’t mutate quite as much. This means many flu strains will have the same target, therefore making a single vaccine work against many different subtypes of the virus. While in theory this is pretty exciting, it’s not (perhaps unsurprisingly) as straightforward as we might hope, but this hasn’t stopped several teams making some huge steps forwards in the last few years.

Another route being investigated is how we can better predict epidemics that might pop up. Computers are often used to determine what will dominate the flu season, and these are getting more and more accurate. The Epidemic Prediction Initiative uses a combination of 28 different models, which is now more accurate than using any single prediction.

Collaborating with teams from other disciplines is proving a very good idea. Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning mean that we

should soon be able to spot more patterns and then work out how to target them better too.

One team managed to almost exactly predict the flu outbreaks in the USA by taking how much the virus is evolving into account as well. While these aren’t advanced enough yet to predict next year’s outbreak with any great accuracy, they are certainly steps in the right direction.

THE ANDROID REVOLUTION? Gabriel Yeap Contributor “One day they’ll have secrets. One day they’ll have dreams.” At least that’s what the scientist in the film iRobot speculated, discussing androids. Could that be true? Is it really possible that robots will actually live among us, and maybe even blend into our society? When we think about conscious machines and robots, we think about androids that are practically indistinguishable from people, with the ability to move and talk just like we do, programmed to be their own independent robot, self-reliant with self-awareness. Well hold your robot horses, while machines today may seem incredibly efficient at what they do (if you ever need proof try losing your smartphone for a day), scientists still speculate that the day an actual conscious robot will dwell among us is still a long time away.

Why then is it so difficult to make one such clockwork being? Well to answer that we need to understand what conscious thought is, and how it differs from unconscious thought. Consciousness is not just all about recognising patterns and crunching numbers. Hakwan Lau, a neuroscientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, whose

name would probably pass for a sentient android, suggests that there are in fact three levels of conscious intelligence.

The first level is called C0. It involves basic unconscious computations, such as that of facial and speech recognition. Most of our human computations happen at this level, which is why we can recognise our friends, whether they are annoying or nice, and be able to talk/shout effortlessly to them.

Despite this, very few people are ever aware of this. After all, how often do you think about how you realised you recognised the person across the road and smiled, or how you developed a crush for that hot guy or girl sat opposite you in the Grove? This is also actually the only level of conscious thought that machines are capable of. These are called convolutional neural networks. Just take the new iPhone X for example, it can read your fingerprint and your face, recognise it is you, and proceed to unlock your phone.

The second level of consciousness is called C1 (creatively named I know...) It involves being able to call upon a large amount of thoughts, and creating multiple possible decisions from them. It is present in the brains of infants and many animals. Take for example the elephant. It is capable to search for, and travel to water holes, no matter how far away they are. Al-

though it sounds easy, it actually involves multiple intricate steps. First, a very complicated neural network pools together information from the environment and from memory. It then needs to make a decision based on this, and stick to it over time, as well as coordinate a variety of actions to enable it to navigate its way over terrain to the watering hole.

The last level of consciousness is called something even more interesting… C2. It involves metacognition. The best way to explain what metacognition is summarised in Rick and Morty when Snuffles the Dog becomes conscious of his existence, which leads to him confronting his human owners with this question: “Where are my testicles, Summer? Where are my testicles, Summer? They were removed, where have they gone?” To everyone else who doesn’t watch Rick and Morty (shame on you), metacognition is essentially self-awareness. This is very important for humans, as it allows us to monitor your own thoughts and emotions. It can also help us learn from our mistakes (such as spending student loans on curly fries), analyse them, and correct them. It is also the origin of curiosity, since you want to learn what you don’t know, but first you must be aware of what you do and don’t know. Recent MRI studies show that metacognition does in fact involve the prefrontal cortex of the human brain.

Scientists now believe that human consciousness is thought to arise from a specific computation that occurs in the neural circuits within the brain. If the difference between unconsciousness and consciousness can be identified in computational terms, then coding that into computers may not be so hard after all, which could be used to create artificial intelligence. So watch this space, who knows one day we might all lose our campus jobs if machines become sentient and all begin serving us at the Ram, or even taking our lectures!

OUR SMARTPHONE ADDICTION

Leah Crabtree Science Editor

Smartphones have become an integral part of our lives, for better or for worse. We are connected to friends and family around the world at the tap of a screen and have the entire world wide web at our fingertips. Whilst these technological advancements have made our dayto-day lives easier in many respects, there is increasing evidence that our reliance on smartphones is becoming harmful to our health and wellbeing.

Adults in the UK now spend an average of two and a half hours on their mobiles each day, unlocking their devices over 50 times. While of course some of this time may be answering important emails, or checking in on family and friends, a large proportion of this time is spent procrastinating on time-wasting apps such as Facebook or Instagram. Many employers have even taken to banning mobiles during working hours, in an attempt to increase productivity and reduce procrastination.

Over 50 percent of teens now consider themselves to be addicted to their smartphones, drastically altering the way they interact with one another. Whilst unlimited access to the internet can provide teens with the ability to connect to friends and access news and information, the ease of access can lead to compulsive and problematic smartphone use or increase the likelihood of ‘Facebook depression’, a term coined by researchers to define depressive episodes associated with excessive social media use.

At times, our smartphones can feel like an escape.

Sometimes it is easier to immerse yourself in the “picture perfect” lives of others rather than face the realities of a stressful job or distressing things going on in the world. Instagram may be full of arty shots of avocados or ‘#fitspo’ posts, but it shows a distorted view of the world that people can become obsessed with comparing themselves to.

We all show our best selves on social media, choosing to forgo posting snaps of piles of laundry or halffinished essays in favour of glamourous snapshots of the one night a week we leave the house. As such, we are continually bombarded with images of how our life should look, which can cause anxiety, depression and sleep disorders in anyone from teens to middleage smartphone users.

Teens may get the worse rap for being obsessed with their phones, but one in ten adult smartphone users admit to using their phones in the shower and even during sex. An even more horrifying revelation is that 50 percent of people admit to using their phone when driving, despite the fact that it is six times more dangerous than driving when drunk.

The term “nomophobia”, the fear of being apart from your smartphone, was first coined in 2008. With similar symptoms to anxiety disorders, nomophobia is not yet classed as a mental disorder but increasing research into our smartphone reliance has begun to uncover some of the negative impacts that excessive smartphone use may have on our mental health. A YouGov study found that over 50 percent of mobile phone users in Britain develop anxiety-like symptoms when

they lose their phone or their battery becomes low. If you feel anxious when you are without your phone, get phantom smartphone vibration syndrome or if you are constantly checking your phone for new texts, you may have some level of smartphone addiction.

Apps such as offtime or BreakFree (iOS and android) can track your usage and screen unlocks and help to get your addictive habits under control. Seeing the amount of time wasted on a handheld device can be a sobering experience and might just make you reduce your screen time. Turning off notifications from social media can also reduce the temptation to check your phone every time you feel a vibration. No meme on Facebook is so urgent that it can’t wait to be responded to for a couple of hours while you focus in the library.

countries. Domestic wood burning and NO2 from vehicle exhausts racked up one fifth of the total deaths and ground-level ozone gases claimed the rest. Heart disease and stroke were the largest contributors to the premature deaths. Alzheimer’s disease, pregnancy and brain development in children were also documented to be adversely affected.

A new study led by the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), has found that exposure to air pollution has adverse effects on the cognitive development of children. They found an association between a reduction in working memory and exposure to PM2.5 and black carbon when children are commuting from school and home. One researcher remarked that the very high concentrations of these pollutants have a disproportionally serious effect on the health of children due to their smaller lung capacities and higher respiratory rate. Statistical analysis revealed that the exposure to PM2.5 and black carbon was linked with a reduction in the advancement of working memory. However, no significant associations were found with the exposure to NO2 and none of the pollutants had any reaction to attention capacity.

What does the future of air pollution look like then?

Would we have to wear N95 masks for our daily commuting and activities all the time? Would the greatest threat to humanity eventually become air pollution?

According to a statement issued by the head of the ISGlobal, they do not want to create the impression that walking or cycling is harmful to you because of the exposure of these harmful pollutants but rather that commuting in this manner far outweighs the negative impacts of air pollution as it builds physical activity into our daily routines, thus providing us with a wholesome healthy lifestyle.

The UK itself saw an estimated 37, 000 deaths in 2014 from exposure to PM2.5 and NO2, due to the widespread use of diesel fuels in vehicles. London’s Mayor, Sadiq Khan, triggered the capital’s seventh emergency air quality alert this year as levels of NO2 had skyrocketed.

How, then, can the UK and the rest of the world turn this situation around, and improve our air quality?

Smart technology is the way to go in limiting air pollution in London such as harvesting solar energy by covering the city in photovoltaic cells (generating electrical energy using solar cells) or even capturing kinetic energy through the movement of man and machine in the city and then, the rest of the UK. Londoners are looking to the river Thames to harness its stored tidal energy. The UK and the world will need energy generated without combustion in order for us to enjoy clean air. The Head of ISGlobal has suggested the reduction in vehicles on the road could reduce pollution on home-to-school routes.

But with all these efforts and ambitions put in place, is it enough to tame the beast? With the Paris Agreement in place, will countries take up the mantle of reducing emissions in their respective countries? And with the US pulled out of that very agreement, what message does it send to the rest of the world that a powerhouse has taken the threat of climate change, that encompasses air pollution, ever so lightly?

We need to realise that air is intangible; it is uncontainable and highly mobile. There is no single consensus, politically or otherwise, on how to prevent air pollution. That does not mean that we should sit by idly and watch our home be consumed by soot and smoke. We can all do our part in reducing our carbon footprint.

EVERY BREATH YOU TAKE

Ramanujen Nathan Contributor As we all well know, air pollution is the result of the release of various harmful gases that negatively impact the environment, like Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Particulate Matter (PM) and other pollutants.

In 2014, Europe had an estimated 500,000 premature deaths due to abysmal air quality, according to the European Environment Agency (EEA) in Copenhagen, Denmark. The EEA states that air pollution is the largest contributor to environmental health risks in Europe.

PM2.5, an amalgamation of tiny particulate matter known as the ‘soup’, was the biggest killer, causing a horrifying number of deaths across 41 European

A TRIP DOWN MEMORY LANE

Wil Jones Sport Editor

Daphne Bugler Online Features Editor

Ben Hart Sport Team

Long before Team Sky’s success in the Grand Tours of cycling became commonplace, Irish cyclist Stephen Roche brought the previously unheralded sport to the attention of these shores with his remarkable riding in 1987.

That year, Roche became the first winner of the Giro d’Italia to come from outside mainland Europe, disobeying team orders by breaking away on stage 15 to usurp team-mate and race leader Roberto Visentini.

From there on, the Irishman kept the pink jersey, despite facing the wrath of both the spectators and the Italian contingent of the peloton.

Shortly afterwards came the Tour de France, and after initially trailing the field, Roche clawed his way up the classification as the tour moved into the south of the country. The iconic moment came in the Alps when -trailing GC leader Pedro Delgado -- he heaved his way back up to Delgado’s wheel to reduce what had been a sizeable stage deficit. Roche went on to claim the maillot jaune with a mere 40 second winning margin, before triumphing in the World Road Race Championship by a single second, joining Eddy Merckx as only the second man to complete the Triple Crown.

1997 is often remembered in the sporting world as the year of one of the most bizarre fights in boxing history. On 28 June, the WBA Heavyweight Championship in Las Vegas featured a highly anticipated match up between Evander Holyfield and Mike Tyson, billed as ‘The Sound and the Fury’. However, the contest is remembered for controversy -- Tyson’s now infamous decision to bite off a portion of Holyfield’s ear in round three -- rather than any extraordinary fighting The pair had fought eight months previously when WBA heavyweight champion Tyson had been the favourite. To the shock of many, Holyfield knocked ‘Iron Mike’ down in the sixth before stopping him in the eleventh, resulting in the rematch.

In the second bout, having been deducted two points for the initial bite, Tyson was disaqualified for repeating the act, losing his boxing license in the process. Holyfield claimed after the fight that Tyson knew he was going to get knocked out and chose to lose by disqualification instead, although the cut above Tyson’s eye was seemingly caused by Holyfield’s head. Tyson’s license was reinstated in 1998 and a public apology to his opponent did not arrive until over a decade later.

Tiger Woods raises the Wanamaker trophy after another dazzling display of golf in Oklahoma. It’s 2007 and a decade after his first, Woods seals his thirteenth major victory. The delight in his face is clear to see, even if it’s commonplace for the American to wipe the field.

It was an archetypal display from Woods, one that golf fans were accustomed to seeing. He led the course from the close of day two and was as ruthless as ever from then on. His final victory margin of two strokes over fellow American Woody Austin sealed his fourth PGA Championship win, but it was not one Woods took for granted. “This one feels so much more special than other majors”, he stated afterwards.

Ten years on and who could have foreseen that Woods would only add one more major trophy to his collection? He seemed set to surpass Jack Nicklaus’s winning hall of 18 major trophies, but since his triumph at the Open in 2008, Woods has grabbed the headlines for scandal and controversy, not his stroke play.

Tiger’s decade of dominance should not be forgotten.

Though his reputation may be tarnished, performances like a decade ago make Woods one of, if not the, greatest golfers of all time.

WHEN SUNDAY COMES

Ben Smith Intramural Columnist

Sunday intramural football – the crowning glory of Exeter’s plethora of sporting offerings. Whether it’s 11 mates turning up bleary-eyed with slight headaches, or a crack team of EUAFC hopefuls, the fixtures so far have provided a microcosm for all that is entertaining about unrefereed football: stunning goals, woeful defending, and horrific tackling are just some of the many highlights.

My team, P11 a side, made the transition to the most natural form of the game after some resounding fourth place finishes in the bottom division of the Friday 6-aside intramural league. A handful of matches into the season, however, and this decision appears to have been questionable; four played, four lost and just the minus 21 goal difference to show for our efforts.

Our first and second fixtures provided perhaps the largest of contrasts between how two games can ultimately end in defeat. Week one began in typical uni fashion, with six players arriving minutes before kickoff in a one five-seater polo. A fashionable 3-5-2 formation was utilised, and quickly discarded, with the

score a competitive 5-0 to the opposition at half-time.

With a rousing team-talk from stand-in captain Dew, hopes of an Istanbul-esque comeback were at the forefront of our minds. Sadly, the only magic came from right-back Rob Hodgins managing to chip our own goalkeeper to score an iconic own goal and contribute to a resounding 12-0 defeat.

Our second fixture began in much brighter fashion, with the return of captain Lewys Coombes – intramural sport’s answer to Lee Cattermole. Some excellent play from star winger Adam Griffin eventually led to an excellent cross across the box which was met by the foot of Sam Newton for our first goal.

Unfortunately, any hopes of a park-the-bus 1-0 victory were dashed, with a sloppy back-pass resulting in the equaliser.

Captain Coombes was off – a ‘severe shin collision’ putting him out of action – and our performance was

Photo: Ben Smith

not much better. The opposition eventually emerged 3-2 winners as a last-minute goal snatched away hopes of a precious first point. Our only moment of glory was Griffin scoring directly from a corner, with the assist coming from our 12th man - hurricane Brian.

Reading week provided the equivalent of an international break, as a result of forfeiting the previous match. With an 11-man squad, including five drafted in after some shameless plugging at TP of our “unbeaten record”, the performance was definitely not something to mention in a drunken conversation.

With three goals conceded, and a poor miss from Smith despite being a yard out put down to “horrific backspin,” it again took Griffin to rescue us, twotwo fine volleys helping to restore some vague respectability. As the game continued, the scraps escalated, culminating in Hodgins producing a two-footed tackle on the edge of the box that would’ve undoubtedly led to a long suspension in the professional game. With the free-kick converted, the result finished 5-2 to the opposition.

So, a month into the season, and a set of results collected akin to that of Crystal Palace, can we find a way to spare Coombes’s blushes? It surely can’t get any worse…can it?

Wil Jones Sport Editor

IN THE GREEN CORNER

With all eyes looking towards the boxing Varsity this Friday, I sat down to have a chat with squad captain Aron Berger Syverson - a second year Sport Scientist - to see what we can expect.

The club has lined up seven fighters for the event, with three of those set to fight competitively for the first time, and Berger Syverson is expecting it to be a good spectacle.

“They’ll be hard fights,” he says, with the EUBC boxers set to face experienced opponents from local clubs.

“But we won’t be outmatched. We won’t be going into easy fights - they should be 50:50 - so we’ll really get to see the full potential of the club.”

Hailing from Cardiff and having fought in the Valleys, Berger Syverson admits there’s “more of a boxing culture” in South Wales than Exeter. However, coming to university provided a whole new approach to the sport.

“It was a bit more fun, a totally different atmosphere.

Not many people I knew [back home] who boxed were going to uni”.

Berger Syverson started boxing at 14 having tried a range of different sports, but found boxing’s rewarding nature appealing: “You get out what you put in. You can be good if you work hard on your fitness.”

That aspect is one he stresses is integral to EUBC. With so many new members signing up to the club in September - to the point where the first few weeks’ sessions involved improvised training sessions due to the vast numbers in attendance - not everyone within

the club is looking to fight.

“You don’t have to get hit in the face to join our club, you can just do it for fitness - and the stash! They are busy sessions and the hard work sees everyone leaving happy.

“Uni’s a really good place to try [boxing], you can do it with your mates, it’s a really relaxed atmosphere where people want to have fun and do pad work. There’s also the competitive aspect if you want it, where people can move up to the squad and get full training from the coaches who come into help us in the technical sessions.”

As part of the coaching team, it’s a role Berger Syverson has relished: “It changed my attitude. Sometimes, when I’m going to a session I’m not 100% ready for, it can be quite hard, whereas coaching is quite fun as you can step back from it and get a different perspective.”

Having attended the “special” fight between Anthony Joshua and Carlos Takam at Cardiff’s Principality Stadium last month, Berger Syverson is enjoying boxing’s current prominence in the national consciousness.

“There’s a lot more interest in boxing in recent years, starting with Froch v Groves a few years ago.”

Despite the recent rise of MMA - and the popularity of Conor McGregor’s recent crossover bout against Floyd Mayweather - Berger Syverson sees no threat: “[Boxing]’s not in competition with UFC, if anything they’re walking together. If people are interested in one, they’re going to want to watch the other.”

That’s exactly what EUBC are hoping for this Friday in what will be the club’s first competitive set of fights

this academic year, and having fought in last year’s Varsity, Berger Syverson noted the difference the crowd can make.

“It was a very different experience having young people supporting me compared to fighting in a social club or pub back home, where people are just coming to watch a fight.

“There are lots of nerves in your first fight, so it will be good to get lots of mates behind the guys to settle the nerves. Hearing people shout my name [last year] and having music when I walked to ring felt amazing.”

Any final words of advice for the fighters?

“It’s not just about a win or a loss, it’s about giving it everything. You’ll still enjoy it as long as you do your best.”

Emmott Leigh Sport Team

Fortunately the final game saw the South Wales player earn himself a handful of points in a half-decent 11-4 scoreline. However, it was not enough to stop a 2-0 lead emerging for the Green Army.

Lastly, Rory Spedding came on court and disappointed everybody by only winning the first game 11-3, though his opponent seemed to show the faintest trace of some talent to be worked with and at least offered up some resistance.

Not for long; Spedding had too much skill and certainly favoured the emphatic kill shot as he won the last two games 11-1 and 11-0.

It was quite surprising that South Wales even bothered making the journey over to Exeter with only three players, but hopefully Exeter got some pleasure out of tearing them apart on the court.

BOXING VARSITY The Lemon Grove Friday 17 November, 7pm-11pm

EXETER SQUASH SOUTH WALES BUCS Roundup: Weds 8 Nov

Sussex 2s........................................................................3 Women’s Badminton 1s .................................................5 UWE 1s............................................................................2 Men’s Football 1s...........................................................4 Bournemouth 1s..............................................................0 Women’s Hockey 4s.........................................................1 Oxford 1s..........................................................................5 Men’s Lacrosse 1s...........................................................1 Bath 1s.............................................................................7 Men’s Rugby 1s...............................................................47 Southampton 1s..............................................................8 Ultimate (Outdoors) 1s...................................................15 Bristol 2s...........................................................................4 Men’s Badminton 1s.........................................................4 Bath 1s ............................................................................2 Men’s Hockey 1s..............................................................2 Bath 2s ............................................................................1 Women’s Lacrosse 2s.....................................................34 Bath 1s ............................................................................3 Women’s Volleyball 1s ....................................................0

Exeter’s Squash 2s proved far too strong for the South Wales 2s in the BUCS Western Conference Cup, with a 3-0 win which will be officially recorded as 5-0 due to South Wales not bringing a full complement of five players to the contest.

In the first of the three matches, Ed Eaton Hart was in action and it soon became clear why South Wales were only in Division 4 of the BUCS league system as opposed to Exeter’s Division 2 placement.

Eaton Hart flew through the first game with a number of boasts, finishing things off appropriately with a kill for a score of 11-1.

The second game progressed along exactly the same lines with South Wales’s player unable to do anything but grin at his teammates watching from above as he was swept aside with relish for a perfect 11-0 game.

He seemed to give up and succumbed to another humiliating 11-0 washout in the third game to put Exeter 1-0 up overall.

Finn Kettlewell took to the court next, and he started off even better than Eaton Hart had with an 11-0 in the first game. At one point, the South Wales player (who was probably fed up of being thrashed) appeared to question the scorer’s call of a let but had to accept the pasting he was receiving.

When the second game also ended 11-0, with Kettlewell landing a few boasts and crosscourt shots, the spectacle became a shade embarrassing.

Photo: Emmott Leigh

2S THROUGH TO NEXT ROUND

Owain Evans Editor

EUNC 2s went to town against Bristol 4s in a match that resembled a lopsided intramural game more than a competitive fixture.

It was no particular surprise that the hosts came out strongest - after all, this cup tie pitted Exeter against a side from the league below.

Nine consecutive goals from Exeter started off the match, and it didn’t get much better for the visitors from there.

Photo: Owain Evans

The hosts’ fast-flowing style of play was proving too much to handle, but the visitors also managed to shoot themselves in the foot.

Time and time again, Bristol missed shot after shot, and in doing so helped to seal their fate. By half-time, the score was 31-5, and the result all but sealed.

Exeter began to rotate their side, and Bristol found themselves on the scoresheet more frequently as the second half progressed, but any hopes of a repeat of their first round victory over Plymouth were unfounded.

Despite the visitors managing to restore some respectability with their second-half performance due to the home side’s experimentation, the 2s lost little of their attacking threat, scoring frequently and with ease.

The final scoreline of 53-21 put Exeter comfortably into the next round.

After the match, EUNC 2s captain Georgie Ormandy told Exeposé: “We’re aiming to win the Cup this year.

“I was pleased with the team. They stuck to their principles against a slightly easier team and got a good lead.

“We managed to get all our players on court, and tried new combinations which was really good.”

Their next Western Conference Cup match, which is in the Round of 16, will be played in the Main Hall on Wednesday 22 November.

Before then, the 2s - who currently sit third in the Western 2A - travel to Somerset to face leaders Bath 4s in a return to the league competition this Wednesday 15 November.

Western Conference Cup Round of 16 22 November

Cardiff 2s v Bournemouth 1s

Bath 4s v UWE 2s

Baths 3s v Cardiff Met 2s

UWE 1s v Cardiff Met 4s

Exeter 2s v Southampton 4s

Winchester 1s v Exeter 4s

Swansea 1s v Cardiff 3s (Medics)

TBC v Exeter 3s

B’MOUTH SERVE UP REAL TEST Dorothea Christmann Sport Editor After a tight 6-6 draw against Southampton 2s a couple of weeks ago, Exeter University women’s 4s were pitted against Bournemouth University women’s 2s, who sat bottom of the Western 2A table after being thrashed 12-0 by the University of Southampton 1s.

This looked to be Exeter’s for the taking, with Paula Mazur and Laura Crow a formidable partnership in their doubles match against Wanblad and Buckman.

Mazur dominated in the match, hitting excellent low shots which just skimmed over the net.

Bournemouth’s Buckman struggled to cope with Mazur’s approach, hitting into the net on many occasions.

The Exeter player suffered her own period of failing to clear the net early, but recovered well by relying on her serve, with a powerful ace proving the difference.

Whilst the early games were marred with a lack of communication between Mazur and Crow fueling confusion over who should be playing the ball back when Bournemouth continuously hit strong shots down the middle of the court - this was swiftly addressed. The pair improved on the fluidity of communication, and they began to show a good level of understanding with each other as a partnership throughout the match.

The duo also learnt from their mistake of leaving too much space at the back by moving into a better formation. Exeter were also fortunate that many of Wanblad’s powerful shots along the line just went out, whilst Buckman incurred a series of double faults.

The Bournemouth pair did, however, launch a resurgence to their slow start, with Buckman excelling in her position at the net, intercepting many good balls from Mazur and hitting a looping shot back over the net which Mazur couldn’t respond quickly to.

Wanblad was also quick at the net, hitting shots that were too sharp and precise for Crow to handle.

However, Bournemouth were being undone by the high number of enforced errors they made, and Crow capitalised on the visiting pair’s mistakes by continuously hitting powerful cross court shots that landed just on the line.The Exeter player was a formidable presence at the net, intercepting many of Bournemouth’s shots and producing several skilful slices, but these were unfortunately offsetby failing to return the ball when required to run into space.

As the match progressed, Bournemouth looked to do capitalise on this as they began to play the ball at tighter angles to move the Exeter pair around the court.

However, Mazur and Crow were saved by some fantastic and tense rallies. Starting with Crow and Wanblad battling it out from opposite baselines before, the point typically ended with a tight en-

counter at the net between Mazur and Buckman, with the former triumphing with an overhead volley more often than not.

The match ended with a victory for the Exeter team, securing a 6-4, 7-6 (7-5) win. After game, Manzur remarked on the contest: “It was a very close match, where our ability to stay mentally tough meant we were hitting some great shots”. Crow was likewise content with the victory: “thankfully we came out with a big win”.

Next ups for the 4s team is a home fixture against Southampton 1s, who arrive having trounced both the Southampton 2s and Winchester 1s. This looks set to be a tough match for Exeter who have the opportunity to reduce the deficit at the top of the table to 2 points.

Photo: Dorothea Christmann

EXSPORT

EDITORS Dorothea Christmann Wil Jones sport@exepose.com

RUGBY 2S DEMOLISH UWE move with his outside-half before jinking his way past several attempted tackles to go under the posts.

Exeter responded by upping the tempo. A quick lineout by Jesse Lipetz-Robic following a UWE clearaning kick made its way to Matt Morish on the left wing, and the speedster beat two defenders on the outside before dotting down. Some lax play at the restart resulted in an offside from an Exeter knock on, and UWE’s kick to the corner was rewarded with a try as, having claimed the lineout, their maul powered over the line to make the score 26-14 after half an hour.

If that score suggested a way back for UWE, it proved to be deceptive. The visitors were struggling to cope with the 2s’ relentless intensity and speed in the carry, and it was only Exeter’s indiscipline that prevented them from capitalising on their dominance.

Exeter’s fifth score of the afternoon saw both high and low shirt numbers involved. Great handling between the two locks made space for the backs. With Hayward bringing carriers onto the ball, when he found George Taylor, the centre span out of the tackle to dive over the line and bring the score up to 33-14 at half-time.

The second half began in similar fashion, and Forshaw had a third when he drove over from another scrum that went against the head. At 51 minutes, Exeter got their seventh score, and Forshaw’s fourth, to end the match as a contest. This time, the number eight peeled off the back of a devastating maul, and with the conversion going astray, the 2s led 45-14.

With that, Exeter took the opportunity to empty their

bench, and the game began to break up. Despite this, the 2s still managed to add two more scores to round off the match in emphatic style. Lipetz-Robic had a clear run in under the posts following some excellent offloading by Taylor and centre partner Max Talman for the tenth, but the best was saved for last.

The Green Army strung numerous phases together, playing real champagne rugby as they ran it from every position. Having started from deep in their own half, composed handling eventually saw Joe Gobaira stretch over the line with the final play of the game.

The victory moves the 2s up to fourth in the South A league whilst UWE -- who finished above Exeter last season in the same competition -- remain adrift at the bottom of the table without a single point.

was rewarded with a clear run at goal which she took well after rounding the goalkeeper.

Soon after, the 1s doubled their lead, and this time it was Collings who finished superbly from a narrow anA ruthless Exeter 1s side put Gloucestershire 1s to the gle on the inside-right flank, smashing the ball across sword in a game where the 13-1 score reflected the ab- goal and into the top-left hand corner. On 25 minutes, solute dominance of the home side.

Collings headed in a cross from the right-hand side afExeter started quickly at Topsham when Vicky Vipond ter Gloucestershire totally switched off. gambled on a weak back-pass to the goalkeeper and Exeter were now fully in control, and the three goal half-time lead failed to reflect their dominance - something the 1s soon rectified in the second period.

Collings played in Nia Lewis who finished sublimely to give the 1s their fourth goal before completing her hattrick after fashioning some space in front of goal and beating the goalkeeper at the near post. The best was yet to come, however – Lana Richards made it 6-0 on 53 minutes with a pinpoint free-kick from the edge of the box, and just two minutes later Exeter had a seventh after the ball bounced fortunately for Vipond, who tucked home following a fluid move.

Goalkeeper Charlie Hogg was finally called into action just after the hour mark when an audacious long-range effort threatened to give the visitors a consolation. In response, Collings picked out Pippa Tilney’s run, and the latter finished well into the bottom left-hand corner Photo: Wil Jones to give Exeter another score on 66 minutes. The only

negative at this point was an injury sustained by substitute Charlotte Barnard, who had to withdraw after a brief appearance on the pitch.

Exeter were in complete control, and as the game entered the final 20 minutes they looked like scoring with every attack. Jess Brown broke through and calmly converted for the 1s’ ninth before Collings found the net again, this time dummying past the goalkeeper and coolly sliding into an empty net. Perhaps the pick of a very good bunch came on 83 minutes, when Alice Bowles sent a 25 yard lob into the Gloucestershire net from a rebound.

The visitors scored a late consolation goal in added time to make it 11-1, but there was time for a response as Vipond scored two further goals that were carbon copies of each other – dribbling past the goalkeeper and tucking into an empty net – to give Exeter a thoroughly convincing win.

Speaking after the game, skipper Collings said: “We work on playing together, as a unit and not 11 individuals and this shone through today. Scoring four is obviously great from an individual perspective but I thought the whole team were brilliant.” The win keeps Exeter top of their BUCS group with four wins from four, scoring an incredible 24 goals whilst conceding just three.

Wil Jones Sport Editor Exeter men’s rugby 2s demolished the University of the West of England (UWE) 1s 59-14 on Wednesday 8 November, scoring nine tries to two.

They set the tone of the game in the first three minutes as Exeter’s physicality saw them make easy ground against the visitors. Following powerful carrying from his forwards, scrum half Pierre Thompson sniped around the edge of a ruck to take the play up to UWE’s line, where number eight Ed Forshaw picked up and battered his way over the whitewash to claim the opening score.

Forshaw got his second try soon after when the Green Army drove UWE off their own put in at the scrum, and once again the defence couldn’t halt the forward’s thunderous physicality as he picked and ran from the base. Ed Hayward added the extras, and Exeter led 120.

The 2s’ defensive lineout was causing UWE serious problems, and from a set-piece turnover, Exeter moved the ball through the backline to the right wing where James Edmondson beat his man to go in under the posts.

The first quarter ended with a suckerpunch by the away side. In a rare visit to the Exeter 22, UWE’s maul was initially nullified by the 2s; when the ball came out, the visiting scrum half played a neat wraparound

Photo: Wil Jones

LUCKY 13 FOR EULFC

Josh Brown Sport Team