British Council - Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for SE Europe (CEHF-SEE)
CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE IN MONTENEGRO
SCOPING
STUDY
Podgorica, 2004
British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
CONTENTS
1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 1.1.1. General information
... 5
1.1.2. Aims of the Study
... 6
1.1.3. Main areas of activities
... 7
1.1.4. Methods of information gathering and structure od the Study
2. 2.1.
...7
ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION Institutional system of heritage conservation 2.1.1. National cultural policy
...8
2.1.2. Legislation
...10
2.1.3. Valorisation of cultural heritage
...11
2.1.4. Institutional system
...12
−
Characteristics
−
Actors (responsibilities, organization, financing)
2.1.5. Questionnaire analysis and results
...17
2.1.6. SWOT analysis
...20
2.2.
Local community government
...21
2.3.
NGO sector 2.3.1. Development and role of nongovernmental organizations in the area of cultural heritage
...23
2.3.2. Nongovernmental organizations acting in the field of cultural heritage in Montenegro
...25
2.3.3. Questionnaire analysis and results
...27
2.4.
Media
...31
2.5.
Education
...34
2.6.
Cultural tourism
...36 Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
2.7.
Activities done so far
...37
2.8.
Ongoing activities
...39
3. ANALYSIS AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
...42
4. IDENTIFICATION OF PARTICULAR PROJECTS
...47
4.1.
...50
Strategic Approach to Implementation of Projects
5. REFERENCES
...51
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
This study was developed upon the initiative of the British Council for Serbia and Montenegro and for the purpose of the three-year project of the Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund in SE Europe. A team of experts was formed, with years of experience in conservation of cultural and environmental heritage in Montenegro. The team members were: Ilija Lalošević, M.Sc., conservation adviser from the Regional Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor, Katarina Nikolić, conservation architect from the Regional Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor, Aleksandra
Kapetanović,
conservation
architect
from
non-governmental
organization Expeditio. During the period of June – July 2004, in cooperation with institutions and nongovernmental organizations in Montenegro, the team obtained and analyzed the data
on
organization,
potential,
lacks
and
needs
of
governmental
and
nongovernmental sector in Montenegro dealing with cultural and environmental heritage. Based on the data and analysis, a number of projects were proposed. Their implementation should create a basis for the development and improvement of conservation system in Montenegro. During its development the Study was emphasised on cultural heritage. Particular attention was paid to the accordance of these projects with the national cultural policy and strategic goals of the British Council. The Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro gave an important assistance to the team. Feedback and cooperation of institutions and organizations were significant.
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
1. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
1.1
General information
Montenegro is a country with large contrasts, where life of people and culture has always been based on the respect of its traditional values and its heritage. In geographical sense, the territory of about 14.000 km² consists of the area of high hills on the North, mountains of Dinarian massif with the mountain climate in the middle part and the coastal part of steep slopes of mountains Lovćen, Orjen and Rumija, characterized by the Mediterranean climate. Total length of the coast is about 300 km. It is a place where mountain and Mediterranean climate meet, and was very favourable for occurrence of rare and endemic species of flora and fauna. History of Montenegro is marked by the centuries-long battles for dominance over its territory. Its location at the crossroads of civilizations of East and West implied good conditions for the unique cultural and artistic expression influenced by the major cultural movements that resulted in significant, rich and diverse heritage. There are four National Parks in Montenegro (Durmitor, Lovćen, Lake Skadar and Biogradska Gora) and two UNESCO World heritage sites (Kotor area and Durmitor). In 1979, Montenegro was stroke by a severe earthquake that damaged or destroyed a large part of its architectural heritage. Still, the earthquake gave a great impulse for research, revalorization and renewal of the cultural heritage. This movement was accompanied by an overall action of material, technical and expert assistance from the country and abroad, especially from UNESCO. The assistance provided to the devastated area created conditions for rehabilitation of a large part of the architectural heritage, using new methodologies and technologies. Relatively well preserved and in a great part intact nature represents a potential for the development of all kinds of tourism, which is the most important part of the economy of Montenegro. Still, uncontrolled urbanization, infrastructure and industrial development are threats to the value, quality and survival of the rich cultural and environmental heritage. Despite the large number of monuments, the lack of understanding of their importance is evident. It causes problems, at the following levels:
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
−
Public community, where the lack of care or an inappropriate usage cause temporary
or
permanent
damage
to
the
natural
resources
and
movable/immovable heritage, −
Institutional system, where due to the lack of number and level of education and training of the staff acting whether through the citizens’ services, scientific research, environment conservation or other, are unable to timely perform all necessary activities.
Yet, growing awareness about the heritage as a potential for the development of the society initiated numerous activities for additional education and experience, especially upon the examples and with the assistance of international organizations. The following text will give a detailed description of the main activities.
1.2. Aims of the Study
Aim of the Study is to perform an overall analysis and make an overview of the system of conservation of cultural and natural heritage in Montenegro. Perceiving this situation will enable identification of the potentials and weaknesses of the system, as well as its needs. Considering recognised needs, existing capacities and expected assistance, a number of projects will be proposed in accordance with national strategy and British Council’s program. This study will also:
Provide an overview of ongoing activities,
•
Analyse the potential for future activities,
•
Create the project proposal of the activities, which should be undertaken by the British Council, through the project of Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund in SE Europe.
The analysis does not include research related to the direct funding of the historical buildings’ conservation.
The goal of the proposed projects is the realization of activities recognised as solution of some actual problems, such as long-term promotion and education of cultural and environmental heritage on all levels, from the local community to the highest institutions of conservation on one, and from the primary and secondary education to the university level, on the other side. So far, there were some similar initiatives, but those were short-time activities, without expected results and effect. Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
1.3.
The main areas of activities
The object of the Study is the system of conservation of cultural and envirinmental heritage, and the analysis relates to the following aspects: •
Legislation and national cultural policy
•
The institutional system of conservation of cultural and envirinmental heritage
•
•
-
Capacities (human resources, knowledge, technical and other equipment)
-
Activities
NGO sector -
Capacities (human resources, knowledge, technical and other equipment)
-
Activities
Public
awareness
about
the
importance
of
cultural
heritage
and
its
contribution to the development of the society •
Involvement of the community and schools in cultural heritage work
•
Cultural tourism.
1.4.
Structure of the Study
Based on the data provided by the relevant ministries, governmental and nongovernmental organizations and experts, through the form of questionnaire and interviews, the Study has two parts: •
Assessment of the current situation (strength, weaknesses, potentials and problems)
•
Project proposal that will be implemented in period 2004–2006 to promote, educate and train decision makers, experts, NGOs and community, if approved.
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
2. ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT SITUATION
2.1.
Institutional system of conservation of cultural and environmental heritage
2.1.1. National policy As stated in the Ministry of Culture’s National report, Montenegro is still lacking in a strategic document with clearly defined concept of the national cultural policy. Up to ten years ago, the Ministry of Culture did not exist in Montenegro neither did any other body capable of creation of the strategy, program and action plan of the national cultural development. “The cultural policy dealt mostly with the daily problems, in random and with lack of transparency in the decision making process and in the distribution of the financial assistance”. In 2003, as a part of the Council of Europe program of an overview of national cultural policies (project MOSAIC I and II) an initiative was made for defining the national cultural policy. Up to now, as a part of that project, the following activities were realized: −
Creation of the National Report (September, 2003)
−
Analyses and the report of the Council of Europe experts’ group (May, 2004)
−
National debate about the national cultural policy (June, 2004)
The National report of cultural policy points out the necessity of replacement of the existing, mostly old and exceeded legislation and necessity for a new one, compatible with international standards. The national program for the area of culture must be grounded in the Governmental strategic documents such as Strategy of Economic Development, Spatial Planning, National Program for Higher Education, Financial and Fiscal policy, etc. The main problem in the area of cultural activities is funding: the scope of the budget and its distribution. The report also points out the need of permanent re-education and additional education of the expert staff, especially since in Montenegro there are no educational programs for whole set of particular professional profiles such as archaeologist, ethnologist, anthropologist, art historian, conservator, curator, etc. There is still a lack of an comprehensive educational concept concerning conservation of cultural and environmental heritage. Also, a need for provision of adequate working spaces for some institutions is emphasized, as well as provision of improved and more complete technicaltechnological equipment. Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
National report was analyzed by an expert group of the Council of Europe, which visited the Ministry of Culture and the institutions of culture in Montenegro in December 2003. The experts’ group rated this report as “solid, and of great help as it was open, particular and competent”. Remarks were related to the lack of the statistic data, lack of transparency and untimely participation of relevant actors in the development of this report. Also, this report is not dealing with the problem of cultural tourism as the potential for the development.
National debate about the cultural policy in Montenegro was held in Podgorica, on June 24-25, 2004. Participants at the debate were representatives of the Government of Republic of Montenegro, local governments, nongovernmental organizations, national experts and Council of Europe experts. It was based on the Cultural Policy of Serbia and Montenegro, whose development was initiated in 2002, as a part of the Council of Europe project Mosaic. It is aimed at cultural exchange and cooperation between countries of Southeast Europe. Participants made their comments on incompatibility of the National report with new population consensus data, untimely information and lack of transparency during the development of the report. Basic topics of National debate were questions regarding cultural policy, cultural tourism, transition of cultural institutions, culture in the market economy, etc. Inadequate cooperation between ministries was one of conclusions, as well as lack of financial support for cultural activities, lack of attention to the development of international cooperation and the development of cultural tourism. The participants pointed out a need for horizontal and vertical interaction. Horizontal interaction, on the level of ministries, implies synchronization of activities of the Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Environment Protection and Spatial Planning. Inter-ministerial cooperation is becoming more and more important tool for communication between and within governments. In order to promote culture and cultural values various ministries, public institutions, civic society and business sector should work together. Conservation and presentation of cultural and environmental heritage must be treated
as
integrity,
organizations,
mainly
based the
on
Council
the of
approach Europe.
established The
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
by
ministries,
international governmental
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
institutions, local government and nongovernmental organizations should work together to achieve this goal. Participants expressed a need for re-education and additional education as well as connection with international partners. As the cultural tourism is one of priorities of the Montenegrin Government, it is important that tourism respect cultural heritage, as a resource of sustainable development. International cooperation, cooperation with local authorities and nongovernmental organizations active in the field of culture can help initiation of this partnership. One of conclusions of the National debate was that it should be a basis for creation of a strategic platform for an integral approach to culture and its integrity with science, education, tourism, urban development and planning, etc. The National debate completed the MOSAIC project. Follow up is development of a national strategy through one or more legal documents and undertaking steps to implement that strategy through the short-term, middle term and long-term plans of activities and projects.
2.1.2. Legislation The oldest sources of monumental law in Montenegro originate from the Middle Ages. The modern practice of treatment and care for the cultural heritage was established in the second half of XIX century, with the following legal acts: −
1868. – National Parliament of Principality of Montenegro proclaimed Financial
Reform which is considered to be the first legal act in Montenegro partially related to the conservation of cultural heritage, −
1896 – the Law about the Library and Museum of the Principality of Montenegro was proclaimed,
−
1945 – The Law about the protection of cultural monuments and natural rarities was proclaimed,
−
1949 – The Law about the protection of cultural monuments was proclaimed.
Acts that currently follow organisation and work of the cultural institutions were mostly proclaimed during the 1990es; most of them were not changed since 1980es, while the law still not adequately regulates some activities (ex. underwater archaeology). Currently, the following legal acts statutory protect cultural heritage in Montenegro: Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
−
Law about the conservation of cultural monuments (1991),
−
Law about the museum activities (1977, 1989),
−
Law about the library activities (1977, 1989),
−
Law about archive activities (1991, 1994),
−
Law about rehabilitation and revitalization of old towns damaged in the disastrous earthquake on April 15, 1979 (1984, 1986),
−
Law about rehabilitation of the monumental area of Kotor (1991),
−
Law about monuments, memorials and historic events and persons (1971, 1972, 1988),
−
Rule about keeping the Inventory of protected cultural monuments (1992),
−
Rule about conditions and work on the archaeological research and excavation of cultural monuments (1992),
Law about the conservation of cultural monuments (1991) regulates the work of the conservation service, on all levels, as well as jurisdiction, organization, financing, activities and process of registration of cultural monuments. This Law
“regulates the system of conservation and usage of cultural monuments, realization of the special social interest, rights and obligations of legal and physical subjects related to the conservation of cultural monuments and organizing and income generating for financing of institutions performing activities of conservation of cultural monuments.” (Law about the conservation of cultural monuments, article 1.) New Law about the protection of cultural heritage is in the process of development. This law should correct lacks of the current law, such as the process of proclamation of cultural monuments, adequate sanctioning of violations, care and value of other categories beside cultural monuments (cultural landscape, vernacular architecture, modern architecture, industrial architecture, intangible heritage), process of financing and other issues. The new Law should be adopted during the year 2005.
2.1.3. Valorisation of cultural heritage The Law for conservation of cultural monuments (1991) statutory values cultural heritage. This law defines three categories of monuments:
I category – monuments of universal value II category – monuments of national value Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
III category – monuments of local value This law also regulates the process of proclamation of cultural monuments. It
establishes movable cultural monuments, and proclaims immovable cultural monuments. Upon recommendation of an expert institution based on relevant documentation, Parliament of the Republic of Montenegro reviews it in the period of six months and proclaims the monument of culture. Based on the Act of proclamation, Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments makes the registration in Central Inventory of cultural monuments of Montenegro.
Central Inventory of protected cultural monuments was established in 1960. Keeping of the Inventory is regulated by the Rule of keeping of the Inventory (1992). Republic Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Monuments keeps the Central Inventory of cultural monuments on the territory of Republic of Montenegro. Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor keeps the Inventory of cultural monuments for the region of the Boka Kotorska bay. Objects and items that are suppositious to have elements of cultural monuments are previously protected in accordance with the current law. The lack of the existing law is that, beside monuments of traditional architecture and art, it does not value any other category or attribute of cultural heritage such as cultural landscape, buffer zone, complexes and objects of modern architecture, industrial architecture and intangible heritage. It also does not consider the problem of integrated conservation, risk preparedness, etc. Due to the Parliament procedure, process of proclamation of a property as a cultural monument is very long and slow. The last proclamation took place in 1994, and since then 17 properties are waiting to get into procedure. Even they are not formally established or proclaimed as monuments, conservation service, although without enough legal support, interim treats them as protected cultural monuments.
2.1.4. Institutional system Conservation service was officially established in 1948 when the Institute for
Conservation of Cultural Monuments and Rarities in Cetinje (today Republic Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments) was established. The first modern law in this field was proclaimed in 1949. Today, currently valid Law for conservation of cultural monuments from 1991 regulates work of the service.
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Based on the UNESCO Convention of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972), and after inscription of Kotor area on the World Heritage List (1979), the Municipal Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Kotor was founded (1980). Due to the high concentration and importance of monuments on territory of Boka Kotorska bay, in 1992 this Institution became the Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor. Republic Institute for Environment Protection, founded in 1961 and Museum of Nature of Montenegro, founded in 1995, are dealing with protection of natural heritage in Montenegro. Beside above-mentioned Institutes directly responsible for conservation of movable and immovable heritage, there are specialized institutions dealing with museum, archive and library activities. The supreme body is the Ministry of Culture, which directs, manages and coordinates work of the whole system of conservation of cultural and environmental heritage. Institutions for environment protection are under jurisdiction of this Ministry, but also under Ministry of Spatial Planning and Environment Protection. The following scheme shows the organizational structure of the conservation system. The following text explains in details its jurisdiction, work, financing and activities. Please note that this plan relates only to Governmental institutions, yet, there are numerous institutions such as museums, galleries etc. which run by the local municipal government.
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
MINISTRY OF CULTURE
Cultural – artistic activity
Cultural and environmental heritage
Conservation of cultural monuments
Republic Institute for Conservatio n of Cultural Monuments
Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor
Museum activities
Archive activities
Library activities
National Museum of Montenegro
State Archives of Montenegro
National Library «Djurđe Crnojević»
Cultural – artistic associations
Archaeology
Centre for Archaeologic al Research of
Protection of natural heritage
Republic Institute for Protection of Nature
Museum of Nature of Montenegro
Maritime Museum of Montenegro
Mausoleum
Petar II Petrović Njegoš
Organization scheme of institutional system of conservation of cultural and environmental heritage in Montenegro
Ministry of Culture Ministry of Culture, as a body of the Government of Republic of Montenegro, performs management activities related to the development and improvement of culture and artistic activities. It provides material means for cultural activities, literary and translation, music and theatre activity, fine arts and design, film production and other audio-visual media, museum, library, theatre, publishing and cinematography production, and conservation of cultural and environmental heritage. As a part of conservation, preservation and presentation of cultural heritage, Ministry of Culture presently finances and performs management monitoring over following public institutions: −
Republic Institute for Conservation of Culture Monuments,
−
Republic Institute for Protection of Nature,
−
National Museum of Montenegro,
−
State Archives, Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
−
Central National Library Djurđe Crnojević,
−
Centre for Archaeological Research of Montenegro,
−
Regional Institute for Conservation of Culture Monuments Kotor,
−
Maritime Museum of Montenegro,
−
Museum of Nature of Montenegro,
−
Mausoleum Petar II Petrović Njegoš
Ministry of Culture approves internal organization and systematization of working places in institutions of culture, reviews and issues agreements on annual reports of institutions, reviews and participates in creation of annual and long-term plans, controls their realization and distributes funding according to priorities set up. Ministry of Culture has a special role in the creation of amendments of existing laws and other legal acts, as well as in realization of international cooperation. Based on the systematization from July 29, 2003, Ministry of Culture has 23 employees within following four sectors: −
Sector for cultural and environmental heritage
−
Sector for cultural – artistic activity
−
Sector for media
−
Sector for legal, financial and other affairs
Head of each sector is one of three Minister’s assistants, with exception for legal, financial and general affairs, whose head is the Secretary of the Ministry of Culture. Ministry is a Government funded body.
Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments was founded in 1948. It is situated in Cetinje. The Institute is responsible for conservation of cultural monuments on the territory of the Republic of Montenegro, with exception of municipalities Kotor, Tivat and Herceg Novi. It defines the protection policy in the Republic of Montenegro. Activities of the Republic Institute involve conservation of movable and immovable cultural monuments. Activities of legal protection and conservation of movable cultural monuments are regular activities of the Institute and involve re-registration of monuments, field recognition, documentation gathering and processing, issuing of conservation conditions, work in ateliers for conservation of paper, textile, stone, Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
ceramics, easel painting, fresco paintings and mosaics. The institute has 56 employees. It is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture.
Republic institute for Protection of Nature Republic institute for Protection of Nature was founded in 1961. It is situated in Podgorica. Its activities are related to research and protection of natural monuments of Republic of Montenegro. The institute has 18 employees and is Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture. The Ministry of Environment Protection or Ministry of Education and Science also provide funding for projects.
National Museum of Montenegro National Museum of Montenegro was founded in 1992. It is situated in Cetinje. Its main activity is related to exhibition of museum artefacts and to their systematic research, preservation and presentation. It is a museum of the complex type. It consists of five museum units: −
State Museum – Palace of King Nikola (memorial museum, founded in 1926),
−
Njegoš’s Museum (memorial museum, founded in 1951, situated in Biljarda building),
−
Art Museum (specialized museum, founded in 1951, planned to be situated in edifice of Serbian legation in Cetinje)
−
Historic Museum (specialized museum, founded in 1951, situated in Region House)
−
Services and departments such as museum inventory and documentation service, library – archive department, conservatory service, tourist service and service of general affairs.
This institution has 125 employees and is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture. National Museum, along with regular activities, has programs of presentation (exhibition, publishing, souvenir shop) and with marketing activities provides income generating.
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
State Archives of Montenegro State Archives of Montenegro was founded in 1946. It is situated in Cetinje. Activities of the State Archives imply preservation, usage, unison and protection of archive material, as a common state and social wealth. Due to the priceless cultural treasure held in the archive building, and its monumental quality the State Archive of Montenegro is inscribed in the Inventory of protected monuments of culture. It is Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture.
Central National Library «Djurđe Crnojević» Central Public Library «Đurđe Crnojević» was founded in 1946. It is situated in Cetinje. Its library activities imply gathering, preservation, processing and usage of books,
brochures,
magazines,
newspapers,
documents,
musical
pieces,
reproductions of paintings, drawings, posters, geographic maps and other material; i.e. gathering, processing and providing information about the library material for cultural, educational, pedagogical and other purpose, and promotion of economic, scientific and technical development. The biggest treasure of this institution is librarian fond of 1 450 000 library units. This institution has 77 employees and is Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture, and partially from membership fees.
Centre for Archaeological Research of Montenegro Centre for Archaeological Research of Montenegro was found in 1961. It is situated in Podgorica. It deals with all kinds of archaeological research in the field as well as the documentation processing. It has three departments: Sector for archaeological research, Sector for documentation and conservation and Sector for General, legal and financial affairs. The Centre has 19 employees and is Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture.
Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor After the catastrophic earthquake in 1979, Kotor area was proclaimed as the UNESCO World Heritage site. The Municipal Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor was founded in 1980. In 1992, it was transformed to the Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor, responsible for conservation of cultural monuments in Boka Kotorska bay, i.e. municipalities Kotor, Tivat and Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro 17
British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Herceg Novi. Activities of the Regional Institute involve research and protection of movable and immovable cultural monuments. This institution has 25 employees, and is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture, and from its own revenues.
Maritime museum of Montenegro Maritime museum of Montenegro was founded in 1952. It is situated in the historic town core of Kotor. Museum activities imply systematic research, gathering, treasuring and presentation of museum objects related to the maritime tradition of Montenegro. It is a specialized type of museum. Collections are systematized according to its content and are of complex type. The Museum has 14 employees and is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture and partly from its own revenues (tickets, renting, publications, souvenirs) and through sponsorships.
Museum of Nature of Montenegro Museum of Nature of Montenegro was founded in 1995. It is situated in Podgorica. Activities imply systematic research, gathering, preservation and presentation of exhibits. It is specialized type of museum. The Museum has 19 employees and is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture.
Mausoleum «Petar II Petrović Njegoš» Mausoleum was founded in 1994. Activities imply protection and presentation of Mausoleum of Petar II Petrović Njegoš one of the most important persons in the history of Montenegro, as an historic and artistic monument of special importance for the Republic of Montenegro. It has 14 employees and is a Government institution, funded through the Ministry of Culture.
2.1.5. Results and analysis of questionnaire For the purpose of obtaining and analysis of the data about governmental institutions in the field of cultural and environmental heritage, a questionnaire was created. Aim of the questionnaire was to gather data not obtainable from other sources or databases, i.e. about the activities of institutions, their problems and suggestions for Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
the future activities. The questionnaire was distributed by e-mail or fax to all institutions under authority of the Ministry of Culture as well as local institutions. Almost all institutions responded and sent the questionnaire back. The information obtained through this questionnaire creates certain database. However, this database is slightly incomplete since not all information was available. Upon this information, an updated and more detailed database can be created and hence even more useful if put on the Internet. Beside general information about institutions, following categories were considered:
Number of employees – according to obtained data, in governmental institutions in Montenegro there are 403 (+ Državni arhiv) employees of expert, administrative and other staff. Those are experts with at least two years of university education or Bach. degree in architecture, art history, archaeology, history, archive science, ethnology,
conservation
and
museum
science,
with
adequate
professional
qualifications such as adviser, senior conservator (senior curator, senior librarian) conservator (curator, librarian). Other staffs are mostly technical with at least eight years of primary education or at most four year of higher education such as artisans, security workers, gardeners, cleaners, etc.
Number of employees in administration – it varies from 16% in institutions with more than 50 employees up to 30 % in small institution.
The age structure of the professional staff Years of work: 0 -10 - about 27 % Years of work: 10 – 20 - about 31 % Years of work: 20 – 30 - about 30 % Years of work: over 30 - about 12 %
Number of trainees in last five years – it varies from 5 – 10% of the employee’s number, with an exception of Museum of Nature of Montenegro that trained five (25%) new professionals.
Education funding – almost all institutions provide some financial means for different kinds of educations of their employees, from training on PC to professional specialization in international organizations or foreign universities.
Technical equipment – most of the institutions lack in adequate technical equipment, from PC to conservation tools or material.
Foreign languages – professionals in institutions understand, write or speak some of the following foreign languages: English, Italian, Russian, French and German. The Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro 19
British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
data does not include certificated proficiency, only personal statement of the contact persons.
Technical skills – upon the obtained information 30% of the professional staff use PCs and digital equipment in their work. Most of them use MS Word, Excel and Internet Explorer. There are also professionals working with specialized software applications such as AutoCAD, COBISS etc.
Membership in national associations – most of the professionals in institutions are members of some of the following national professional associations: −
Society of architects,
−
Society of archaeologists,
−
Society of conservators,
−
Society of librarians,
−
Society of art historians
Cooperation with NGOs – almost all institutions have some kind of cooperation with relevant national and international NGOs. Those activities range from providing NGOs with necessary documentation to work on common projects.
Cooperation with University of Montenegro – almost all institutions have some kind of cooperation with University of Montenegro. Those are mostly informal activities from exchange of documentation to students' summer schools and professional practice in institutions, experts working as lecturers on relevant faculties, common projects etc. Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor has a formal Contract of Cooperation with Civil Engineering Faculty of University of Montenegro.
Cooperation with local government – all institutions work with local government bodies. This cooperation was described as modest, routine and satisfactory.
Memberships
in
international
associations
–
individual
professionals
in
institutions are members of relevant international organizations such as ICOMOS, IUCN, IFLA, International ISSN Centre etc.
Cooperation with international organizations – institutions in Montenegro cooperate with many international organizations in the field of cultural and environmental heritage conservation through different activities such as projects, regional cooperation, education, publishing etc. Some of them are as follows: UNESCO, IUCN, ICOMOS, Council of Europe, Europa Nostra, British Council, French Cultural Centre, ICCROM. Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Raising awareness – there were no major actions on this subject so far. Yet, all institutions have raising awareness of the public in the official description of their activities. The related activities are mostly influencing the public through the media, publications, exhibitions, lectures etc.
Public information – institutions inform public about their activities mostly through media – in the first place through periodical reports, press conferences and daily press announcements. Institutions do not use mailing lists, and most of them do not have own web presentations. Information about some activities is presented through the web site of Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Spatial Planning, etc.
Presence In the media – information about cultural and natural heritage activities are daily present in the media. Most of the answers in the questionnaire were that that information was good. Yet, there are opinion that information in the media are incomplete, selective and with political background.
Problems - regarding its urgency, seven general problems were ranged in the following order: 1. Insufficient number of trained professional staff 2. Lack
of
information
about
latest
achievements
in
the
field
of
heritage
conservation 3. lack of adequate conditions for implementation of new technologies and methodologies 4. Insufficient technical equipment 5. Lack of financial funds Under the category of other problems, the following items were elaborated: general disrespect of the laws, old and exceeded legislation, inadequate working conditions, etc.
Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
2.1.6. SWOT analysis
Based on the gathered date and questionnaire analysis, a SWOT analysis of the institutional conservation system was made, i.e. analysis through the following categories: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
Ministries
Institutions
Proclamation of laws Creation of plans and programs Strength
Setting up the priorities Organization of conservation service
Experience, human resources, documentation funds, operational activities insight of needs in the field
Allocation of funds Initiation of international projects Inadequate and old legislation Insufficient number of trained staff Weaknesses
Lack of knowledge in new methodologies inadequate cooperation between ministries
Old fashioned system of institutional organization Insufficient number of professionally trained staff Unbalanced age structure of employees (lack of young experts) Unequal territorial distribution of institutions Lack of technical equipment
Ability to influence changes of legislation Initiation of international projects, grants and similar Opportunities
Mobilization of young professionals Affirmation of NGO Training and information about international experiences
Possibility to organize, perform and supervise projects and conservation works Education and introduction to international experiences Possibility to mobilize citizens through cooperation with NGO Centralism Age structure Lack of professional employees
Threats
Negative influence of political parties and business interests on cultural policy
Difficult adoption of new methods and technologies Lack of motivation Negative impact of influence from political parties and business in the work of institutions
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
2.2.
Local government
In territorial and administrative organization, the Republic of Montenegro is divided into 21 municipalities as a basic unit of local government, with political and economic
independence.
Montenegro
consists
of
three
geographic
regions:
Northern region (municipalities of Andrijevica, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Žabljak, Kolašin, Mojkovac, Plav, Plužine, Pljevlja, Rožaje and Šavnik), Central region (municipalities of Podgorica, Nikšić, Cetinje, Danilovgrad) and Southern region (municipalities of Bar, Budva, Kotor, Tivat, Ulcinj, and Herceg Novi). These three regions do not have appropriate organization of cultural and political life. Upon the Maastricht Declaration, adopted by European Union in 1992, and by the proclamation of the Law of the Local government in Montenegro in 2003, a principle of “vertical subsidiary” was introduced in municipality organization. By these means, administrative functions and tasks are assigned to the local government and transferred to the higher levels only if they cannot be performed on that particular one. In the Republic of Montenegro, there are 357 (428)∗ immovable cultural monuments. They are unequally distributed on its territory. The highest number of cultural monuments is concentrated in municipalities of Kotor - 17.65% (31.31%)∗ and Cetinje (15.41%). On the territory of Boka Kotorska bay, there are 33.60% (46.77%)∗ of all immovable cultural monuments in Montenegro, and in the rest of it, there are 53.23%. Municipalities with the lowest number of monuments are Žabljak - 1 (0.28%) and Mojkovac - 1 (0.28%), while on the territory under the authority of municipalities of Andrijevica and Rožaje no immovable cultural monuments were registered. Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor is responsible for conservation of monuments on the territory of Boka Kotorska bay, which consists of the area of the municipalities Kotor (with the World Heritage site of Kotor), Tivat and Herceg Novi. The Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments in Cetinje is responsible for conservation of monuments on the rest of the territory of the Republic of Montenegro and carries out the conservation policy in the Republic.
∗
Data in the text were provided from the Central Inventory of the Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments and the Inventory of the Regional Institute Kotor. Since the data in those two Inventories are not matching, both data are shown in the table. The coordination of the two Inventories is in the process.
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
“Local government should play an important role in conservation of cultural monuments since they stand on the territory under its authority. Previous practice shows that local government, regarding problems related to conservation, mostly relies on the Governmental conservation institutions, so their role is not proportioned with real needs. It is even more important in the case of municipalities that have protected urban areas and historical nucleuses under its authority. The Law about Local government from 2003 states that municipality creates and provides conditions for protection of monuments and monumental areas of local importance.
Municipality 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
1st category monuments
2nd category monuments
3rd category monuments
No.
No.
No.
%
%
Total
%
No.
%
ANDRIJEVICA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
BAR
1
2.86
13
9.8
19
10.05
33
9.24
BERANE
1
2.86
2
1.5
2
1.06
5
1.4
BIJELO POLJE
2
5.72
3
2.26
1
0.53
6
1.68
BUDVA
1
2.86
15
11.28
10
5.3
26
7.28
DANILOVGRAD
0
0
2
1.5
8
4.23
10
2.8
ŽABLJAK
0
0
0
0
1
0.53
1
0.28
KOLAŠIN
1 10 (12)
2.86 28.6 (31.57)
0 30 (52)
0 22.56 (32.76)
2 23 (70)
1.06 12.17 (30.17)
3 63 (134)
0.84 17.65 (31.31)
MOJKOVAC
0
0
1
0.75
0
0
1
0.28
NIKŠIĆ
1
2.86
10
7.5
14
7.41
25
7.00
PLAV
0
0
2
1.5
4
2.12
6
1.68
KOTOR*
PLUŽINE
1
2.86
1
0.75
1
0.53
3
0.84
PLJEVLJA
2
5.72
4
3
0
0
6
1.68
PODGORICA
2
5.72
6
4.51
32
16.93
40
11.20
0 0 (1)
0 0 (2.63)
0 3 (6)
0 2.26 (3.78)
0 7 (3)
0 3.70 (1.30)
0 10 (10)
0 2.8 (2.30)
ULCINJ
2
5.72
1
0.75
7
3.70
10
2.8
HERCEG NOVI
1
2.86
17
12.78
29
15.34
47
13.16
10
28.6
22
16.54
23
12.17
55
15.41
0
0
1
0.75
6
3.17
7
1.96
ROŽAJE TIVAT*
CETINJE ŠAVNIK TOTAL
35 (38)
100
133(158)
100
189(232)
100
357(428)
100
List of registered immovable cultural monuments in municipalities in Montenegro *Note: Data in the table were provided from the Inventory of the Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments and the Inventory of the Regional Institute Kotor. Since the data in those two Inventories are not matching, both data are shown in the table. The coordination of the two Inventories is in the process. Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
The Law about Conservation of cultural monuments from 1991, states that a municipality has obligation to take a good care of monuments on its territory, to maintain, use and protect them from destructive influences of nature and human acting, to make them available to the public and to provide funding for their regular maintenance. During the development of urban plans, for the purpose of preservation of urban, historical or ambient character of old towns and settlements, municipality is obliged to provide a professional opinion of the Republic Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments. The Law states that it is necessary to provide license for any construction works on a monument, which can cause its changes. The licence can be issued by the Republic Institute� or the Regional Institute. (Article 83; par. 5; Law for Conservation of Cultural Monuments of Republic of Montenegro). Municipalities take care for cultural and environmental heritage through the Departments for urban and construction affairs, cultural activities and activities related to environment protection. Secretariat for cultural and natural heritage exists only in the Municipality of Kotor. Local government also establishes and financially support museums, libraries, galleries and cultural centres of local importance situated on their territory. For effective conservation of heritage, it would be useful to have an intensive cooperation between bodies of the local government and state institutions, since currently, that cooperation is insufficient and lacks in quality.
2.3.
NGO Sector
2.3.1. Development and the role of nongovernmental organization in the field of cultural heritage An important element in the process of heritage conservation, beside an institutional conservation system, is the participation of the civic society. Citizens’ involvement in conservation of cultural and environmental heritage is mostly realised through the nongovernmental, non-profit or volunteer organizations or associations. Those organizations are not Government founded and through different activities without any profit, they contribute to the overall welfare. Nongovernmental sector in Montenegro, as it exists today, was initiated in 1999 when the Law about Nongovernmental Organizations in Montenegro was proclaimed. Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Yet,
existence
of
nongovernmental
organizations,
active
in
the
process
of
conservation of cultural and environmental heritage, has its background way before this law was adopted, and is related to the different societies and associations of citizens. Volunteer organizations, and those dealing with conservation of cultural heritage, have been active since the mid XIX century (ex. The National Trust – England, The Norwegian Association for Protection of Cultural Monuments). Concerning our territory, first societies active in heritage protection (Association of Serbian Slavs – later SAN in Belgrade, Association for Yugoslav history and antiques in Zagreb) were founded in the middle of XIX century. First associations of citizens were formed in the first half of 20th century. Those organizations were involved in solving problems of heritage and protection of the tradition of particular towns and places. During 1920es in town of Herceg Novi, the Association for aesthetic improvement of
Herceg Novi and its surrounding -“Orjen” was very active. Concerning the town historic and other values, this association had significantly contributed to its care and arrangement. In 1924 it published a significant book “Herceg Novi – historic notes”, by Tomo Popović. In period 1930-1941 in town of Perast, the Association for improvement of town and
turnover of foreigners was active. The Association tried to make Perast attractive to visitors and was active in arrangement of Perast and improvement of life conditions in town. It arranged coast and beaches, planted decorative trees and bushes in the town and conducted water into town from reservoir above the fortress. Today, some very influential international nongovernmental organizations, such as ICOMOS and Europa Nostra, exist in the World. They are important actors in the international heritage conservation. In the last few years, there was significant support and stimulation to involvement of nongovernmental organizations in conservation of cultural and environmental heritage and cooperation with Government institutions. At the 4th European Minister’s Conference authorised for cultural heritage, held in 1996 in Helsinki, it was stressed that “role of volunteer organizations must be promoted, used and supported more effectively, having in mind great contribution of volunteer initiatives in building a democratic society”. Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
At the following Conference, held in April 2001 in Portoroz, a “Declaration about role of volunteer organizations in the field of cultural heritage” was proclaimed. The Declaration points out that volunteer organizations must have opportunity to participate in the decision-making processes, such as spatial planning and valorisation
of
cultural
properties.
Field
of
work,
where
nongovernmental
organizations are acting, is complementary with those of state institutions, who are still responsible for protection of cultural heritage. Role of nongovernmental organizations in Montenegro is also recognised as important one. Ministry of Culture took a stand, stated in National report from December 2003, that process to establish partner relations between public, private and third, i.e. NGO sector, must be stimulated. At the press briefing, held on April 2004, on subject of “Projects of Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro in cooperation with Committee for culture of Council of Europe”, the Minister of culture stated that the Ministry wants partnership with NGO sector in order to promote volunteer work and strengthen role of nongovernmental sector in cultural life of Montenegro. After numerous meetings held in December 2003, organized with representatives of institutions and nongovernmental organizations, in May 2004, an expert team of Council of Europe submitted its report, stating, “NGOs and those working in them
deserve more trust. The Government should develop more positive and dynamic relations towards NGOs active in culture”. The expert team also defined their recommendations, clearly stating, “The role of NGOs should be empowered, while
volunteer work should be recognised and supported. Concerning the country development, it is necessary to model civic society and sense of responsibility of every citizen. The role of regional and local authorities should be empowered. It is necessary to find a way for secure and stabile financing of work of regional and local institutions, as well as nongovernmental organizations.”
2.3.2. NGOs active in the field of cultural heritage in Montenegro According to the data provided by the Ministry of Justice, in Montenegro there are about 2.650 registered nongovernmental organizations. Only 940 organizations, i.e. 35.4% are registered in the database that was used for the Study, created by the Centre for Development of Nongovernmental Organizations (CRNVO). Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Upon on the published and available data, no categorisation exists, regarding NGOs working in the field of cultural and environmental heritage. In “The Directory of nonprofit organizations in Montenegro”, published by CRNVO in November 2002, categories such as goals and implemented activities were introduced. It is possible, upon these categories, to create a comprehensive image of nongovernmental organizations active in the field of cultural and environmental heritage. In the updated database from 2004, only the name of the organization and contact are available. The following estimation is based upon these categories whether they contain description of the organization’s activities, or upon our personal knowledge about it. Number of NGOs in CRNVO database Area
November
June
Heritage
2002
2004
June 04
1.
Culture and art
118
161
59
2.
Education and research
65
95
5
3.
Environment protection
59
97
3*
4.
Humanitarian work
30
37
-
5.
Socio-humanitarian problems
103
128
-
6.
Youth and students
43
54
1
52
68
12
57
93
11
56
69
2
6
12
-
11
15
2
37
40
-
9
18
-
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Creation and development of the local community Promotion and protection of business, professional and vocational interests Promotion, protection and improvement of human rights and freedom Legislation, advocacy and public policy Promotion of culture of peace and nonviolence Promotion and protection of women’s human rights
13.
Problems of IDPs and refugees
14.
International activities
13
16
-
15.
Other
27
37
9
686
940
104
TOTAL
11% or 104 organisations of 940 registered in the database, are somehow involved in solving problems of cultural heritage (note: authors’ estimation). There are 97 organizations active in environmental protection. Most of them are involved in the protection and promotion of environmental heritage through different activities. Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Regarding cultural heritage, only three organizations were considered because their names clearly show their field of work, aimed at some specific cultural-historic area. A special group consists of
nongovernmental organizations that cherish tradition
and national and local customs, as cultural-artistic associations, music and dance groups, etc. In almost every municipality of Montenegro numerous cultural-artistic associations are active. They are typical examples of organization and performance of amateur creativity. In CRNVO database from June 2004, only 12 cultural-artistic associations are registered. Some of those “traditional organizations” have special status in certain municipalities. For example, in municipality Kotor there are three traditional organizations: Bokelian Navy, Serbian singing society “Jedinstvo” and Kotor town music, which are funded directly from the municipal budget, and not as the rest of nongovernmental organizations through the public competition. During the period of transition, many vocational associations were transformed into nongovernmental organizations, mainly financially supported by the State.
2.3.3. Results of the questionnaire
During the process of the project proposal development, a questionnaire for NGOs was created. The purpose of the questionnaire was to recognise active NGOs dealing with cultural and environmental heritage, as well as to give an insight about their goals, activities, problems and needs. The analysis of the questionnaire will be entered in a forthcoming database and will be a base for defining activities of the proposed project.
Distribution of the questionnaire −
The questionnaire and basic information about the Study were set up on web site of NGO Expeditio www.expeditio.org
−
Invitation to NGOs active in the conservation of cultural heritage was sent to the following mailing lists: MANS (Network for Affirmation of Non-governmental Sector) - about 400 organizations, CRNVO and Expeditio-RAC (Regional Advocacy Centre) - 90 organizations. Five organizations replied.
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
−
Individual e-mail massages, with the questionnaire and basic project information, were sent to organizations that are known as active, i.e. 20 organisations. Five organizations replied.
−
A certain number of questionnaires were distributed directly to NGO members during seminars, lectures or in the office of NGO Expeditio.
−
An invitation to NGOs was also broadcasted on 14 local radio stations and a statement was given to the Radio 98.
Results and analysis Nineteen NGOs answered the questionnaire. Bearing in mind there are about 100 NGOs active in conservation of heritage in Montenegro, this is about 18% of the total number.
Territorial distribution – a great number of NGOs that replied to the questionnaire (13 of them) were from the coastal region, 4 from Podgorica and only 2 working in the northern region of Montenegro.
Year of founding – most of the organizations were founded in period 2000 – 2003, i.e. those are new and young organizations. The exceptions are Cultural homeland society “Napredak” from the village of Gornja Lastva, founded in 1975, and the Serbian singing society “Jedinstvo”, founded in 1839.
Number of members – this number varies from 3 to 400, while the number of actively involved members is usually smaller, average about 10. The half of organizations’ members are conservation professionals. Number of volunteers is rather high, in some cases all members are volunteers. Only two organizations have the full time employed members. Great number of nongovernmental organizations (9) have their own web sites.
Activities - Projects that were implemented by the above-mentioned organizations were mostly: −
Presentation and popularization of heritage (16 organizations), Pointing out to problems and potentials of cultural heritage (14) and Research and valorisation of heritage (13)
−
Cherishing of tradition (9), Protection, mountaineering, project design (8) and Conservation, restoration and maintenance (6). Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
−
Education about heritage (4), Management (2) and Cherishing of traditional crafts (2).
Categories of implemented projects - Summer schools (of architecture, palaeography, diplomacy and archivist), workshops (NGOs: Expeditio, “Napredak”, “Notar”, Association for rehabilitation of monastery Podlastva, Godinje); −
Volunteer working camps of restoration – using traditional techniques and materials, training volunteers and artisans (Expeditio, Society of friends of the town of Perast);
−
Volunteer cleaning and arrangements actions (Godinje, Expeditio);
−
Brochures Publishing, setting up of information signs (Association of friends of town Perast, Godinje);
−
Experts’ meetings, conferences (Association for rehabilitation of monastery Podlastva, Notar);
−
Round tables, lectures (Association “Korijeni”, Notar, Expeditio);
−
Exhibitions (Association of architects from Nikšić, Art club Kula, Napredak, Expeditio);
−
Publications, books, magazines, expert’s articles (Association for the archive and
history
of
Herzegovina,
Institute
for
photography
of
Montenegro,
Association “Korijeni”, KGB – Creative Graphic Bureau, Napredak, Association of Piva’s residents, Notar, Expeditio) −
Heritage
presentation
on
WEB
(Rastko
-
www.rastko.org.yu/rastko-bo,
Expeditio / travelogues - www.expeditio.org, Expeditio / Medieval towns of Montenegro - www.gradovi.cg.yu) and presentation of organizations’ activities; −
Heritage presentation through the 3D modelling (Sarag multimedia);
−
Popularization through media, lectures, etc. (Association for archives and history of Herzegovina)
−
Data gathering and creation of database (Institute for photography of Montenegro, Expeditio, Association of Piva’s residents);
−
Rehabilitation and preservation of traditional customs and events (Society of friends of the town of Perast, Napredak);
−
Concerts, literary events;
−
Initiation and organization of cultural events (Napredak, Society of friends of the town of Perast, Association of Piva’s residents)
−
Initiation of concrete conservation-restoration works on cultural monuments (Association
for
rehabilitation
of
monastery
Podlastva,
Gornja
Lastva,
Association of Piva’s residents, Art club “Kula”); Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
−
Initiatives for establishment of international cooperation (Notar)
−
Participation at seminars, workshops, meeting in country and abroad (Notar, Expeditio)
−
Promotion of cultural tourism (KGB – Creative Graphic Bureau, Expeditio)
−
Participation in the development of urban projects (Napredak, Expeditio)
−
Painting colonies (Napredak)
Half of nongovernmental organizations provided data about their annual budget for 2003, which varied from 300 € to 33 500 €. Three organizations’ budget was more than 10 000 €. Almost all organizations, up to now, have had local donors (14), and less than half of them (7) have had international donors.
Cooperation – The cooperation between local NGOs active in cultural heritage exists (10 organizations). Still, only three of them cooperate with international NGO active in the field of cultural heritage. The cooperation with governmental institutions is significant, while cooperation with local government is not that intensive. Only five organizations are members of the network of organizations active in conservation of cultural heritage, and four of them are members of Europa Nostra-e, the Pan European organization for cultural heritage.
Media – Most of NGOs regularly inform public about their activities, mostly through press releases, information in media, etc. Most of them are satisfied with presentation of their activities. All organizations agreed that citizens are not informed enough about values and potentials of cultural and environmental heritage of Montenegro.
Communication, equipment – All organizations have members with knowledge of foreign languages, English, Italian, Russian or French. Most of the organizations possess basic technical equipment. A high number of their members use computers in their work.
Training - About half of all the organizations are satisfied with available education and training programs for NGOs. Still, there is a small number of organizations whose members participate in trainings. Project proposal writing – nine participants; Fund raising training – six participants; Management training– 6 participants; Public Relation training – 3 participants; Public advocacy training - 2 participants.
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Problems - Almost all organizations pointed out that lack of funding, i.e. donors (14) is the basic problem in their work as well as insufficient cooperation with institutions involved in the process of heritage conservation (14). Another problem is lack of cooperation with other NGOs active in the process of heritage conservation (12) and lack of technical equipment (12). About half of them mentioned following issues as problems: −
lack of active members (10),
−
lack of expertise and training of their members for activism in the NGO sector (10)
−
lack of cooperation with governmental bodies (Municipalities, Ministries) (10)
−
lack of information about successful examples and models of NGO activism in the field of cultural heritage (9).
Small number of organizations stated lack of knowledge about valid laws and procedures in the current conservation system (5) and lack of heritage conservation experts members (3).
Needs – concerning the most urgent needs in order to perform a quality work in NGO sector, most of the organization pointed out the following issues: −
Connecting with other local NGOs and individual experts working in the field of conservation in order to exchange experience;
−
Introduction to the successful examples (local and foreign) of work in cultural heritage;
−
Training of staff for work in NGO sector;
−
Introduction to the valid legal mechanisms;
−
Introduction to organisation of conservation systems.
Potentials – Issues, where nongovernmental organizations can contribute the most in the development of cultural heritage are as follows: −
Presentation and popularization of heritage (17);
−
Research and valorisation of heritage (16);
−
Pointing out of problems and potentials of cultural heritage (16).
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Almost half of all organizations saw their participation in the heritage conservation through education and training (8) through conservation, planning and project design (8) and through practical conservation and restoration works and maintenance. A small number of NGOs interviewed, is involved in preservation of tradition and customs (7) and only two of them deal with traditional crafts. Interviewed NGOs pointed out their efficiency, enthusiasm, interest in topic and volunteer work as the greatest potential for their involvement in preservation of cultural heritage.
2.4.
MEDIA
Media has a very important role in presentation and promotion of the significance, values and potentials of cultural and environmental heritage. Unfortunately, this subject is not present enough, in the Montenegrin media. There are about 350 registered media in Montenegro. One hundred fifteen media are active. There are 45 printed media, 43 radio stations, 15 TV stations, 4 on-line agencies and 1 news agency. Among them, 21% are public services, 31% are companies’ ownership and 16% are run by NGOs. Companies are mostly owners of radio stations, while NGOs run printed media. More than two thirds of journalists have University education. Age structure of journalists is good as younger people are prevailing. Among them 38% are between 25-35 years of age.
PRINTED MEDIA Daily magazines −
Pobjeda – once a week has additional section for culture; daily has culture page
−
Vijesti – daily has culture page (about 3, 5%)
Periodics There are 21 magazines, while six of them has subjects related to the cultural and environmental heritage (Arhivski zapisi – Journal for archival theory and practice;
Buzuku – Review for culture and society; Darovi kamenog mora – Journal for ecology, tourism and healthy food; Gajret - Journal of citizens’ association for care of spiritual
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
and cultural heritage of Bosniacs in Montenegro; Grad – Journal for culture and city themes of the Municipality of Danilovgrad) Cultural periodicals There are 13 magazines dealing with different aspects of culture and art, where only one has heritage as the subject emphasized in its title - Almanah – magazine for research, promotion and protection of cultural – historic heritage of MuslimsBosniacs.
ELECTRONIC MEDIA TV stations Upon the research performed by the Institute for Media of Montenegro, information about watching of TV program in Montenegro are available. According to the number of the audience and time of watching, following three TV stations have the highest percentage of the public audience: TV IN, Radio Television of Montenegro (RTVCG) and TV Pink.
Radio Television of Montenegro (RTVCG) In the program of the Educational and Scientific Department there are some series related to cultural heritage such as Škrinja, Riznica, Korjeni etc. During the summer scheme, there are reruns, such as eight episodes of «Ljetopis kulturne baštine Crne Gore». This Department cooperates with the Department for Ecology, concerning programs dealing with environmental heritage. There are four employees and seven associates in this department. There is also the Department for transmission of foreign programs. Importance of the work of this Department is that they unlike satellite channels transmit international programs with translation to the native language. One of the main problems is the change of the financing policy for public services. Now it is required to prepare a program, upon which the Budget finances are allocated.
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Local TV stations TV IN – During the summer, it has not any program related to the subject. MBC Television – Once in two weeks, there are 15-minutes documentary reports related to the wide range of topics, occasionally to heritage. Once in two weeks in the women magazine Ksenija there are topics related to the history. During the summer, these programs are not running. There are five people working on their production.
ELMAG Television – this television has two programs partly related to cultural and environmental heritage, broadcasted once a month. Those are Kultura – Review of cultural events, and Ars Antica – related to antiquities.
TV Nikšić – according to its program scheme, there is a program about science, education and culture broadcasting once a week, but nothing particularly related to heritage.
SKY SAT, Herceg Novi – according to its program scheme, once a week there is 10 – 15 minutes program Epoha related to the topics of cultural heritage. Few times a year programs that promote environmental heritage are produced. Production of these programs depends mostly on the personal engagement of the author who writes screenplay, directs and shoots those programs. Basic problem of the local TV stations is that they are self-financed, or partly financed from municipalities' budgets. Thus, non-commercial programs are not represented enough.
TV Pink – one TV station that has the most auditorium in Montenegro does not have any program related to the subject of cultural and environmental heritage.
Radio stations
Radio Montenegro and local radio stations Some local radio stations pay attention to promotion of authenticity of the local environment and heritage. Radio Skala from Kotor has daily and weekly programs related, among other themes, to cultural heritage of Boka Kotorska bay (local language, customs, music, cuisine).
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
ON-LINE MEDIA In Montenegro, there are three on-line media. They are as follows: -
MN NEWS ON LINE www.mnnews.net
-
MN TODAY www.mntoday.com
-
PCNEN www.pcnen.cg.yu
None of these media has pages particularly related to cultural or environmental heritage. Satellite programs such as BBC, National Geographic, and Discovery channel are available regularly to a great number of citizens of Montenegro. They have very important role in promotion of international cultural and environmental heritage. Some national and local TV stations transmit particular programs from international TV Networks. Significant number of those programs is related to cultural and environmental heritage. In some parts of Montenegro, there is a possibility of watching foreign TV programs such as RAI and HTV (Croatian Broadcasting Network) broadcasting programs related to different aspects of their national and international cultural and natural heritage.
2.5.
Education
Due to the insufficient awareness on the values and importance of heritage there is an inadequate presentation of national and local cultural heritage through the educational system in Montenegro.
Primary education Through 8 years of primary education, cultural heritage is studied through the subject of History. Other activities, such as student’s excursion and visits, provide schoolchildren with knowledge about cultural-historic monuments, national and local history, culture and art.
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Secondary education In curriculum of secondary schools, there are no subjects related to cultural heritage. In Gymnasium, through the subject of History of Art, students are informed about the art history of the World, while information about the national art and heritage are provided only upon teacher’s personal initiative. In other secondary schools situation is even worse. In Kotor Education Centre during the 1980es, there was a course for education of conservation technicians called Conservation-restoration course. During 1990es, in the same school, there was also a course about cultural heritage. This course was organized in cooperation with Regional Institute for Conservation of Cultural Monuments Kotor. Topics of these lectures covered different segments of local cultural heritage. In the current reform of the educational system, Ministry of Education and Science of Montenegro is planning to introduce a new subject called Cultural heritage, for curriculum of secondary Tourist schools.
Higher education Faculty for Civil Engineering – Department for architecture At the Department for Architecture on Faculty for Civil Engineering of University of Montenegro, the subject such as Conservation of cultural heritage does not exist. Heritage conservation is studied only as a part of the subject History of architecture.
Faculty of Tourism At the Faculty of Tourism in Kotor there was an optional subject Cultural tourism, but it was recently suspended. The subject of cultural heritage is taught only as a part of some other subjects such as: Art history, Basics of tourism, Intercultural relations
and Tourist space arrangement and protection. Faculty of Culturology In Cetinje from 1981-1988 there was the Faculty of Culturology, that educated conservation experts of different profiles such as wood, metal, stone, ceramics, paper and textile conservators. In 1988, the Faculty was transformed in Academy of Fine Arts of general course without any subject related to heritage or conservation techniques. Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
2.6.
Cultural tourism
Cultural tourism is that form of tourism whose object is, among other aims, the discovery of monuments and sites. It exerts on these last a very positive effect insofar as it contributes - to satisfy its own ends - to their maintenance and protection. This form of tourism justifies in fact the efforts that said maintenance and protection demand of the human community because of the socio-cultural and economic benefits, which they bestow, on all the populations concerned. (From the 1976 ICOMOS Charter on Cultural Tourism) A positive development of an attitude of the Ministry of Culture of Montenegro towards cultural tourism is shown through the development of the national Cultural policy. In the 2003 National Report, not much attention was paid to it. After Council of Europe experts’ team report and their suggestions, during the National Debate on Cultural policy one day was reserved for the discussion on the subject of cultural tourism. Within the Adriatic – Ionian initiative the Ministry of Culture will initiate a project called
Cultural routes of Montenegrin coast, as a pilot project for cooperation with other countries in the region. A German Company DEG in cooperation with the Ministry of Tourism developed the Master Plan for the Development of Tourism in Montenegro until 2020. In this Plan the main segments of the development of tourism were emphasized: −
Beach tourism, remains the most dominant aspect of tourism,
−
Tourism for a target group that likes culture and travelling (the closest to cultural tourism), and
−
Sports, mountain and agro tourism.
The Ministry of Tourism initiated project of Promotion of the National cuisine, as a good way of promotion of one aspect of the intangible heritage. In the Faculty of Tourism in Kotor cultural tourism is not studied as a separate subject. There are some initiatives to develop a postgraduate course with a subject on cultural tourism. The most of NGOs active in the area of cultural and environmental heritage, among other activities have promotion and care for heritage. It is one of the first steps in the development of the national cultural tourism. So far, different initiatives were initiated, such as: publishing of guides and brochures about particular aspects of cultural heritage, WEB presentations, revival of traditional festivities, etc. Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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Considering its universal value and attraction for the cultural tourists, more attention should be paid to promotion of the UNESCO World Heritage sites in Montenegro.
2.7.
ACTIVITIES DONE SO FAR
Due to noticeable lacks of existing conservation system the Ministry of Culture and institutions under its authority initiated numerous activities aiming to overcome existing problems through available legislative actions. During those activities, significant assistance was provided by international organizations, institutions, foundations and donors. Many expert teams analysed the values and state of conservation of heritage in Montenegro as well as organisation of its conservation systems. The activities initiated during the last few years have been considering the following issues: National policy In 2003, as a part of the Council of Europe’s European Overview Program of National Cultural Policies (project MOSAIC I and MOSAIC II), the work on defining the national Cultural policy was initiated. Up to now, as a part of this project, the following activities were realized: −
The National Report (September, 2003)
−
Analysis and report of the expert team of the Council of Europe (May, 2004)
−
National debate on the Cultural policy (June, 2004)
Detailed description of this project was given earlier in this text, section 2.1.1.
Education and training In order to overcome the existing lack of information and knowledge on new methodologies and technologies, the following activities were initiated: Seminar: Reforms and management in culture, French Culture Centre, British Council, ZAMTES (Budva - Paris – London, 2001) Course: Integrated territorial and urban conservation - ITUC 03, ICCROM, 2003 Master: New technologies of valorisation and management of Mediterranean
heritage, Ravelo Italy, 2002-2003 Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
Data base of the movable monuments of culture In March 2004, in Cetinje, the first database for movable monuments of culture in Montenegro was presented. The project was initiated by the National Museum of Montenegro. The original software was designed by local experts.
2.8.
ONGOING ACTIVITIES
Proclamation of new laws The new Law for Protection of Cultural Heritage, Law for Spatial Planning and other laws are being developed during the ongoing process of proclamation of new laws in Montenegro. During the development of the drafts of these laws, principles and standards of European Union were respected. The experiences of the neighbouring countries such as Slovenia and Croatia, but also others with similar problems such as Republic of Ireland were analyzed and taken into consideration. Development of drafts was supported by international institutions and organizations, such as Council of Europe, UNDP and others.
Law of the Spatial Planning During 2003 and 2004, numerous public hearings were held regarding the draft of the Law of planning and space arrangement. UNDP, as a partner of the Government of the Republic of Montenegro, in cooperation with Ministry for Environment Protection and Spatial Planning, organized these public and experts’ hearings as its contribution to the development of a quality law. The first cycle of public hearings is finished. Beside these public hearings, organized in every municipality in Montenegro, additional three regional expert hearings were organized in Budva, Podgorica and Bijelo Polje. Expert hearings were intended mainly for expert public, municipal departments for urbanism, private companies involved in planning, design and construction, and for public companies, freelance architects, urban planners, etc. It was aimed at obtaining an expert and constructive input for the draft bill.
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
The second cycle of the public hearings was held in Podgorica, on July 9, 2004, when comments on suggestions in the first cycle were given. Besides, opinions of international experts about Draft bill were discussed. It is expected the Law to be adopted by the end of year 2004.
Development of the Spatial plan The Ministry of space arrangement and environment protection, with development of new Law for planning and space arrangement, initiated the development of new Spatial Plan for the Republic of Montenegro.
COUNCIL OF EUROPE – Regional program for cultural and natural heritage
of SE Europe 2003-2005 This project was initiated in 2003 by the Council of Europe and is being developed through the next three components:
Component A: the Preliminary Technical Assessment of architectural and archaeological heritage (PTA)
Component B: The Priority Intervention List (PIL) Component C: A Pilot project for the local development So far, components A and B have been implemented.
FORMEZ – Innovations and cohesion of the central and local administration
in the Balkan region In accordance with expressed needs of Montenegro and articles of Italian law which plans assistance to the Balkan region, Formez Centre from Italy, in cooperation with Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, prepared a two year project with a goal to share knowledge and experience to central and local institutions on the territory of the Balkans. The first project phase was a three-day seminar, held in Cetinje, July 7 – 10, 2004. Participants were representatives of the Ministry of Culture, Government institutions under the Ministry’s authority (Institutions for ocnservation of cultural monuments, Institution for environment protection, museums, libraries, etc), and representatives of nongovernmental sector. Beside the opportunity to see the organisation of the Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro 42
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conservation system in Italy, through legislation and administrative organization, all participants had opportunity to elaborate problems they encounter daily while working on heritage conservation in Montenegro. Key problems were lack of expert staff, organization, legislation and financing.
ADRIATIC – IONIAN INITIATIVE Adriatic – Ionian initiative (AII) was formed at the Conference for the Development and Security of the Adriatic-Ionian region, held in Ancona, Italy, 19-20 May 2000. Members of the AII are: Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Greece and Serbia and Montenegro. Basic goal of AII is to achieve political and economic stability in the region through cooperation in solving specific problems, promotion of sustainability economic growth, environment protection and exchange of cultural heritage if countries from the region.
Priorities of the Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro during its chairmanship period, 2004-2005. -
During the chairmanship period of Slovenia, all member countries made agreement to create a mutual database about underwater archaeological sites. Italia will present a model for the database. Considering that underwater area in Montenegro has not jet been researched, during the chairmanship period of Montenegro continuation of this initiative will be suggested. Beside the database, it will be suggested to create mutual maps of flora and fauna.
-
At the meeting in Portorož, March 2004, representative of Ministry of Culture of Republic of Croatia expressed interest for cooperation on a joint research of
underwater archaeological area of Prevlaka. As a Republic Institution the Centre for archaeological research of Montenegro will be involved in the project. -
We will promote the idea of integrated presentation of cultural and natural
heritage in function of cultural tourism. Since there are many monumental remains from various past epochs and Montenegro’s greatest resource is its untouched nature, it makes excellent potential for development of cultural tourism. As one of priorities, creation of cultural paths and networks within Adriatic-Ionic basin will be suggested. Question on conservation and promotion of intangible heritage of this area will be suggested as a subproject. Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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-
We will try to promote cooperation with the countries with similar language as ours. Cooperation will consist of joint publication, printing and distribution of books.
UNESCO – Application for the Participation program 2004-2005 Through the National Committee for cooperation with UNESCO, several Institutions submitted application for assistance program through various projects related to conservation of cultural and environmental heritage.
INTERREG The INTERREG project was initiated in order to strengthen economic and social cohession in Europian Union by promoting cross border (A), international (B) and interregional (C) cooperation. Montenegro, in cooperation with an Italian partner, local government of the Province of Ferrara has became a member of the project IIIA – Adriatic Cross Border Programme. Aim of this project is the development of a network of World Heritage sites in the Adriatic
region
and
their
common
promotion,
definition
of
guidelines
for
management and usage of heritage, exchange of experience, knowledge, methods, technologies etc. Project is funded by the European Fund for Regional Development (ERDF), as a part of Structural Funds, and national partners as co-funder. Deadline for application is 2002-2006 and all activities are to be fully implemented until the end of 2008.
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3. ANALYSIS AND PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Based on the gathered data and its analysis several groups of problems were identified. Those problems disable work and efficiency of the conservation service in Montenegro. In the next chart, beside the identification of key problems, activities and active participants are suggested, who would enable overcoming of problems.
NATIONAL STRATEGY Problem
Lack of national program and strategy for the development of cultural and natural heritage
Goal
Activities
Active participants
Creation of the National Strategy for the development of cultural and environmental heritage Strategy development through time defined plans and programs
Proclamation of a formal document
Ministry of Culture
Implementation strategy
Ministry of Culture
Development of action plans
Ministry of Culture, professional consultants
Active involvement of high number of respectful professionals
Ministry of Culture, University of Montenegro, international institutions, NGO
Monitoring of the development and implementation of the strategy
Independent expert body
Goal
Activities
Active participants
Proclamation of quality and applicable laws based on EU standards
Including of an interdisciplinary team in development of laws
Ministry of Culture, team of experts
Analysis and supervision of the process of the evelopment and proclamation of laws
Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Environment Protection and Spatial Arrangement, institutions, local government
To avoid negative influence of interests from political parties, business, organizations and individuals
LEGISLATIVE Problem
Lack or incompatibility of existing laws
Compatibility of all relevant laws (Law of heritage protection, of local self-government, of spatial planning, etc.)
Analysis and compatibility of existing laws Introduction of Codex of conservation of cultural and environmental heritage ( for ex. Italian Codicci) Active participation of all actors
Quality in implementation
Verification of staff’s professional qualification
Monitoring Introduction of licences to work on culture monuments for professionals, craftsmen, NGOs (process of issuing, seizing and prolongation of licence)
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Ministry of Justice Competent ministries of Government of Republic of Montenegro Ministries, local community, institutions, NGOs Group of experts Ministry of Culture, adequate expert body
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
ORGANIZATION OF CONSERVATION SYSTEMS Problem
Goal
Activities
More effective conservation system
Incoherent and ineffective conservation system Better cooperation between active participants
Adequate territorial allocation of activities Separation of activities within professions
Analysis of existing organization of the conservation system (efficiency, potentials, needs) Analyses of Rules of working relations and Rules of systematization and organization of working positions and similar Reorganization of existing and introduction of new activities conditioned by needs of new systems organization and new technologies (program managers, administrators, PR person, etc.) Legal regulation of available ways of cooperation Public presentation of available ways of cooperation Mutual project work and stimulation of such projects Forming of network, associations Activation, reorganization, associating existing active participants in the area of decreased activities Forming of scientific – research, operational, administrative and other sectors and bodies
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Active participants
Ministry of Culture, independent professional consultants
Ministries Institutions, NGOs
Ministries, Institutions, NGOs
Institutions, NGOs Citizens, NGOs
Ministries, institutions
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
EDUCATION AND TRAINING Problem
Goal
Activities
Education of new staff Provision of lacking professional staff Additional education of existing staff
Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Culture, University of Montenegro with international assistance Local and international institutions, organizations and experts (ICCROM, IUCN, Universities, foundations, and similar.)
Program proposal for training of youth (primary and high school education)
Ministry of Education and Science, schools, NGOs
Development of the training program at University and introduction of subject of cultural and environmental heritage at faculties (architecture, construction, tourism, art academy, economy )
Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Culture, University, international and local experts
Development of training program for craftsmen
Institutions, NGOs, specialized international organizations
Education of teaching staff
Program development for teaching staff
Ministry of Education and Science, University, specialized international organizations
Introduction and training in new technologies and methods of work
Introduction to successful examples
International and local experts and organization
Increase of number of trained staff
Training for craftsmen (courses, workshops)
International and local experts and organizations
Involvement of youth
Raising awareness through the involvement of subject of cultural and environmental heritage in primary and secondary education Motivation of volunteer activities (workshops, etc.)
Development of the training and education program Lack of professional staff Lack of knowledge Lack of possibilities to apply new technologies and methods
Active participants
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Ministry of Education and Science, international and local experts, NGOs Institutions, NGOs
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
FINANCE Problem
Goal
Activities
Activation of existing financing mechanisms (taxes, contributions, funds and similar)
Analyses of usage, redefinition and activation of funds
Increase of non budgetary sources of financing Insufficient usage of existing and potential financial resources
Monitoring of usage
Involvement of the private business sector
Government, local community, independent expert bodies Independent bodies, NGOs
Self financing through provision of services and other activities related to basic function of institutions and organization
Institutions and organizations
Using funds of local and international donors (foundations, grants, sponsorship, etc) and activation of emigration population
Government, institutions, international organizations, associations
Recognition of importance of cultural tourism in the development of Montenegro Improvement of cultural tourism in accordance with principles of conservation of cultural and environmental heritage
Active participants
Introduction of cultural tourism problems in local and regional strategies and actions plans Mobilization and involvement of as large as possible number of participants Legal regulation and motivation for founding of fundations, legacies, endowments, and similar Cooperation projects of interests for all parties Motivation for founding funds for cultural and natural heritage Motivation through tax and other privileges
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Ministry of tourism, Ministry of Culture, local and international experts
Government, institutions, business sector, NGOs, citizens Government, relevant stake holders
Government, business sector, NGOs, citizens
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British Council Serbia and Montenegro Cultural and Environmental Heritage Fund for South East Europe (CEHF-SEE)
AWARENESS ABOUT VALUE AND IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE Problem Lack of knowledge of value and importance of heritage
Goal
Activities
Recognition of values and importance of heritage
Overall campaign of popularization of heritage Involvement of the high number of participants
Active participants
Ministries, institutions, local communities, NGOs, media
Work with youth through school programmes Recognition of heritage as potential for development Explanation of the conservation system organization to citizens
Introduction to participants of possibilities to use heritage for economic development of the society Explain to citizens about legal rights and obligations of all participants in the conservation system
Local and international experts Ministry of Culture, institutions, NGOs, media
Introduction with methods causing devastations Prevention of heritage devastation
Institutions, expert, NGOs Introduction with methods preventing devastations
4. IDENTIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL PROJECTS Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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Concerning previous analysis of needs of conservation system in Montenegro and program of British Council, here follow the reviews of individual projects related to one of three suggested topics of this project – Training and education. This topic was chosen because the analysis confirmed the opinion that the greatest lacks in the work of conservation service in Montenegro are direct results of weaknesses in the field of education on all levels, from local community and citizens, through NGOs to the highest institutions of conservation service who are decision makers and define cultural policy.
Project
NATIONAL CAMPAIGN FOR PROMOTION OF VALUES AND IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HERITAGE Lack of knowledge about the value of heritage, responsibilities toward heritage, negative consequences of unprofessional acting, cause temporary or permanent damage of movable or immovable heritage and natural resources. The goal of
Description and importance
this campaign is to make care for heritage a part of everyday life of all citizens in Montenegro. Long-term action of popularization must involve citizens in the process of conservation, and to help them to recognise ways for economic prosperity through cultural and environmental heritage.
Design and broadcast of TV clip
TV programs
Exhibitions and other kinds of presentations
Sub projects /
Public tribunes
activities
Printed propaganda material (brochures, posters, fliers)
Target group
Billboards
Popularization through printed and on-line media
“Days of Cultural Heritage”
Broad public A significant participation of the Government (Ministries, University, Institutions),
Implementers
media, citizens, nongovernmental and private business sector is planned in realization of this project
Period/Duration
3 years (during the whole project)
Scope of finance
Larger part of available funds
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CREATION OF THE DATABASE OF THE CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL Project
HERITAGE CONSERVATION SYSTEM AND CONNECTION OF ALL ACTIVE PARTICIPANTS Lack of connection between professional institutions; organization and individuals has negative impact on conservation service because it disables
Description and importance
possibilities for mutual activities. The goal of this project is to provide an insight in work of all institutions, organization and individuals, and to create possibility to for the network of institutions and organizations, which will enable the system to act more coherent and efficiently. The insight will be preformed by creation of a database, which will be through internet, available to all active participants.
Sub projects / activities
Creation of the database of relevant institutions
Creation of the database of experts
Creation of the database of NGOs active in area of cultural heritage
Design of the national web site of cultural heritage with all relative participants, information, news
Period/Duration
Sub projects / activities
1 year maximum
Starting up of mutual projects connecting all participants (mutual presentations of specific segments of heritage, production of publications, motivating of connecting through activities of craftsmen associations, etc.)
Target group
Ministries, institutions, University, NGOs
Implementers
Institutions, NGOs
Period/Duration
3 years (during the whole project)
Scope of finance
Smaller part of available funding
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Project
TRAINING AND EDUCATION Due to long years of isolation and economic situation when culture was at the margin of social activities, there is a need for additional education of the existing
Description and importance
and employment of new staff in the conservation system. With additional education, currently employed staff will be trained for work in new, modern methods and technologies, and will be specialized for certain areas of heritage. For better quality and efficiency of future experts, before founding the specialized schools, faculties or departments, it is necessary to develop educational programs and form quality teaching staff, especially at the University. ADDITIONAL EDUCATION OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF Short trainings by visiting British experts:
general (leadership, project proposal writing, finance management, public relations - PR)
managing (decision makers, managers)
Specializations in Great Britain: Sub projects /
•
practical specific training (conservators, restorers, custodians)
activities
•
master courses
•
training of University’s teaching staff
EDUCATION OF OTHER PARTICIPANTS
Journalists
Religious organizations
NGOs
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PROGRAM FOR YOUTH EDUCATION Target group
All active participants in system of protection (Ministries, institutions, NGOs, media, religious organizations) A more frequent participation of experts from Great Britain is planned as a part of
Implementers
this project. Education will be done through seminars, workshops, trainings, specializations, professional excursions, etc.
Period/Duration
3 years (during the whole project)
Scope of finance
Larger part of available funding
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4.1.
Strategic approach to project implementation
For better implementation quality of proposed projects, beside British Council as promoter and project implementer, it is necessary to include all relevant available participants, from level of community and citizen participation up to the Government level. We also suggest founding of a coordination team that will organize, manage and follow implementation of individual projects and activities. The team will consist of five members; one of them will be representative of the British Council, two representatives
of
Government
Institutions
for
conservation
of
cultural
and
environmental heritage and two representatives of nongovernmental sector.
4.2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE TRAINING AND EDUCATION PROJECT
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5. REFERENCES
National Report of Cultural Policy of Montenegro, Ministry of Culture, September 2003.
Council of Europe experts’ reports, May 2004.
Documentation of the Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro
Directory of Non-profit Organizations in Montenegro, CRNVO, Podgorica 2002.
Overview of Local Nongovernmental Organizations (electronic database), CRNVO, June 2004.
Book of Media in Montenegro, Media Institute of Montenegro, Podgorica 2002.
Book of contacts of Governmental/public Institutions in Montenegro, Media Institute of Montenegro, Podgorica 2003.
NGO Directory, A Directory of Environmental Non-governmental Organisations in Central and Eastern Europe, The Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe (REC), Szentendre, Hungary 2001.
Quantity media analysis in Montenegro and professionals involved, Media Institute of Montenegro, 2004
Public rating of television programs in Montenegro, Media Institute of Montenegro, March 2004.
MASTER PLAN, Development of Tourism Strategy in Montenegro to 2002, DEG, web site Ministry of Tourism of Montenegro and CD Regional Tourist Master plans, DEG
WEB
Ministry of Culture of Republic of Montenegro www.ministarstvokulture.vlada.cg.yu
Ministry of Environmental Protection and Spatial Planning of the Republic of Montenegro - www.mepp.vlada.cg.yu
Ministry of Tourism of Republic of Montenegro - www.mturizma.vlada.cg.yu Scoping Study 2004 – Montenegro
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∗
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