SSI SCUBA Open Water Diving Certification The purpose of equalization is to - ✔Introduce additional air into body air spaces in response to increasing external pressure Body heat is lost ________ than in air - ✔25 to 30 times faster The absolute pressure expressed in terms of atmospheres absolute at 99 feet in salt water - ✔4 ata One atmosphere of pressure is defined as - ✔- Each 34 feet of depth in freshwater - 1 ata - Each 33 feet of depth in sea water Describing diving with the acronym SCUBA came from what event? - ✔The development of the demand regulator in 1943 Sinus squeeze can be prevented by - ✔Not diving with a cold The greatest relative pressure change in sea water takes place between ___ and ___ feet - ✔0 and 33 Underwater, the bending of light rays causes objects to appear to be: - ✔closer Ear squeeze can be prevented by: - ✔- Relaxing - Never diving with a cold - Rotating the jaw, swallowing, or Valsalva Earplugs... - ✔should never been worn while diving If you experience pain in your ears during descent: - ✔Stop the descent and ascend until the pain stops Which of the statements concerning sound transmission underwater is correct? - ✔Divers find it difficult to locate the direction of a sound producing source - Sound will travel farther underwater than in air - Sound travels four times faster underwater than in air The absolute pressure expressed in terms of atmospheres absolute at 33 feet in sea water is - ✔2 ata If a flexible air-filled container has a volume of 40 cu ft on the surface, what would the volume be at 99 feet in sea water? - ✔10 cu ft
Gauge pressure is defined as: - ✔Absolute pressure minus one The condition in which certain colors are diminished as depth increases is called: ✔Absorption your Delivery system should be serviced and preformance checked: - ✔every year The purpose of a BC is to: - ✔Control ascent and descent rates, maintain neutral buoyancy during the dive, provide surface flotation The Buoyancy Control System components are: - ✔buoyancy compensator, inflation device, and weight belt A scuba cylinder must be hydrostatically tested: - ✔Within fixed interval set by local law the SSI Equipment Service Program is designed to: - ✔Keep all the components of the Total Diving System to Optimal Performance what affects a diver's air consumption rate? - ✔-poor physical conditioning -extreme exertion from working heavily -extreme stress brought on by improper response to anxiety-producing situations One of the primary factors contribution to heat loss for divers is - ✔convection Which of the following Total Diving System subsystems best describes the SCUBA unit? - ✔The Delivery Sytem The Information System components are: - ✔Dive computer, Analogue instruments, and SSI total dive log A high pressure scuba cylinder should be stored: - ✔secured and with a minimum of 500 to 750 psi During normal diving activities, divers should never exceed an ascent rate of ________ feet per minute. - ✔30 three primary features to look for in a qualtiy Exposure System are: - ✔thickness, fit, and seam integrity assuming a constant air consumption rate, diving at a pressure of 4 ata will use __ as much air as diving at 2 ata - ✔2 times
a scuba tank for recreational diving should be filled with - ✔pure, filtered compressed air or Nitrox The only accepted treatment for Arterial Gas Embolism is: - ✔stabilize victim in nearest medical facility and transport to decompression Which of the following over expansion injuries can be characterized by swelling in the neck area with a crackling sensation upon touching the swollen area? - ✔Subcutaneous emphysema The most serious lung overexpansion injury is: - ✔Aretrial Gas Embolism Which of the following would be inappropriate treatment for a diver exhibiting symptoms of Decompression Sickness? - ✔taking the victim back underwater The best prevention for decompression sickness is to: - ✔Plan your dive and dive your plan In air at 1 ata, the partial pressure of nitrogen is___, oxygen is_____. - ✔0.79/0.21 ata Decompression sickness occurs when: - ✔-A diver stays at depth for too long or surfaces too quickly -Excess nitrogen bubbles into the blood and tissues -nitrogen tissue tolerance gradient is exceeded Diving at altitude or flying after diving: - ✔Requires special diving computer functions, altitude tables and/or refraining from flying from at least 24 hours after the completion of a dive The proper first aid for Arterial Gas Embolism, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumothorax, and mediastinal emphysema is: - ✔-watch vital signs -treat for shock -CPR -Administer oxygen -seek recompression chamber The term gradient can be described as: - ✔The difference between the internal partial pressure and the external partial pressure of a gas. Over expansion injuries can be prevented by: - ✔-Learning correct breathing patterns -Dive with a properly maintained Total Diving System -Never holding your breath
Haldanes theory that the human body can withstand a 2:1 pressure difference was revised by D Workman to a nitrogen ratio of: - ✔1.58:1 Other symptoms of decompression sickness include: - ✔-paralysis and loss of manual dexterity -numbness -itchy skin The rate at which the body becomes saturated with nitrogen: - ✔will vary based on blood flow to the body Gas can enter the bloodstream and cause serious damage to the lungs or even death by: - ✔-holding your breath while diving -diving with respiratory congestion -ascending too fast The transfer of oxygen and nitrogen into the bloodstream occurs through the walls of the: - ✔Alveoli The most common symptom of decompression sickness is: - ✔Joint pain If a flexible air-filled container at 100 feet of sea water has a volume of 10 cu ft, what would be the volume if it were transported to the surface? - ✔40 cu ft repetitive dive- - ✔any dive started more than 10 min. and less than 12 hours after a previous scuba dive The term No-decompression Limit is defined as: - ✔The maximum depth without having to perform a mandatory decompression stop during the ascent Use of the SSI Total DiveLog is important because: - ✔- It is a good resource for future dives - It keeps an accurate record of personal info and dives - It contains your medical history and provides emergency info If you lose contact with your buddy, you should: - ✔Search for no more than a minute by turning 360 degrees and looking up and down and then perform a normal ascent to the surface Dive computers are essential for planning and executing dives because they - ✔-help divers stay within no-decompression limits - monitor ascent and descent - record important info
When entering the water through the surf, dive buddy teams should - ✔Maintain physical contact and time entry to coincide with the lull between wave sets The most important reason for planning your dives and executing the dive per your plan is to: - ✔prevent accidents Surface Interval - ✔The amount of time the diver stays out of the water or on the surface between dives To use a compass to navigate to a sighted object - ✔-Point compass toward object -rotate bezel so witness marks are above magnetic needle -follow the lubber line You should perform a safety stop at 15 feet for 3 to 5 minutes on every dive - ✔true The recommended max ascent rate is: - ✔30 feet per minute Residual nitrogen is defined as: - ✔Residual nitrogen is the amount of excessive nitrogen dissolved in our bloodstream and tissues after a dive and all previous dives in a series Rip currents are formed by: - ✔water breaks over sand bars and reefs near the beach and recedes through channels or cuts in the bars and reefs It is OK to share a computer with your dive buddy (T/F) - ✔false a good diving buddy - ✔- makes diving more fun - is able to help in all phases of diving and dive planning -is as familiar with their buddy's equipment as they are with their own Which of the following steps should be taken in the selection of a dive site: - ✔- honest evaluation of your diving abilities and conditioning levels, as well as those of your buddy - purpose of the dive -degree of difficultly presented by the site Examples of freshwater marine life include: - ✔-bass -crayfish -eels Divers should avoid contact with corals because: - ✔-touching coral can damage equipment -contact can damage coral -contact can be harmful to divers
When diving in Marine Protected Areas, divers should: - ✔Respect and follow local Marine Park regulations Two examples of hard corals are: - ✔Elkhorn & Staghorn If a diver is injured by harmful sea life it is often because: - ✔-the diver's aggressive behavior -the diver's ignorance -the divers negligence Two examples of soft corals are - ✔black and red coral The ocean is an important source of life because: - ✔it is home to many of the first links in earth's food chain Coral reefs are formed by: - ✔coral animals called polyps that form skeletal structures Divers can help protect the marine environment by: - ✔-swim neutrally buoyant at all times. -Keep your equipment secured to you -Always be a responsible diver. More than ___ of Earth's oxygen is produced by marine plants. - ✔85% A dependent action to take in response to an out of air emergency is: - ✔Sharing air using the primary second stage and using the alternate air source for yourself Signs of a panicked diver are - ✔wide-eyed, fearful look and a fast erratic breathing pattern The first thing you should do if you observe sign of panic in a diver at the surface ✔Completely fill your BC and instruct the panicked to establish positive buoyancy The SSI responsibile diver code states that you should - ✔-accept resonsibility for you rown well-being on every dive -deive within limits of trining and ability -be envoirnmentally responsible on every dive Panic can be prevented by: - ✔-Properly maintaining your Total Diving System -Taking specialty training -honestly evaluating your diving limitations The most important rule when assisting a panicked diver is - ✔never needlessly endanger yourself
In an out-of-air emergency, your buddy is close enough, you should: - ✔swim to your buddy, give the out-of-air signal, and share air To achieve the SSI Master Diver rating, a diver is required to: - ✔Be certified as and SSI advanced open water diver, complete the SSi stress and rescue specialty course, and log a total of 50 dives The first thing you should do if you observe signs of panic in a diver underwater is ✔locate your alternate air source in case it is needed To achieve the SSI Advanced Open Water Diver rating, a diver is required to ✔complete 4 specialty courses and 24 additional dives In a deep water out of air emergency, and your buddy is not close enough, the best response to this emergency is to perform a Controlled Swimming Ascent - ✔false Causes of panic include - ✔-diving outside of a comfort zone -certain enviornmental conditions -Using unfamiliar or misfitted equipment To achieve the SSI Specialty DIver rating, a diver is required - ✔2 specialty courses and 12 dives total