WGU C787 OA - NUTRITION When nutrition advocates become concerned that recommendations did not do enough to address prevention of chronic illnesses related diet, what policy changes were made? - ✔RDA's expanded into several DRI categories What is true about Daily Reference Intakes (DRIs)? - ✔Food labeling must include info about them. They differ depending on age and gender. What is always found on a nutrition label in the US? - ✔Serving size A healthful diet contains nutrient intake near what amount? - ✔Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) Use when preparing family/ personal meals What is an appropriate use of AMDR when evaluating the appropriateness of a snack food? - ✔(AMDR: Acceptable macronutrient dietary range) 50% of calories from fat is too much fat What is meant by Tolerable Upper Intake Level? - ✔(TUI) The highest level of daily consumption that current data has shown to cause no side effects in humans, ensures people do not take harmful amounts (supplements) How is the estimated average requirement commonly used (EAR)? - ✔To guide recommendations and menu planning for communities, in combination with upper intake levels What is true of the choosemyplate.gov recommendations, as represented by their setting place graphic? - ✔Half of the plate should be fruits and vegetables What is a nutritional benefit of fruits and vegetables? - ✔They provide nutrients that reduce the risk of some types of cancer What is false regarding fruits and vegetables in the diet? - ✔Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin B12 What strategy might be avoided due to expense for patients looking to eat more healthfully on a budget? - ✔Buying frozen meals Which statement is true about planning a balanced meal? - ✔Skim milk has roughly the same amount of calcium and protein as whole milk
What is true about dietary recommendations for whole grain intake? - ✔half of all grain products consumed should be whole grain products Fritz is hosting a brunch and prepares for each of his friends: - omelet with cheese - toasted English muffin - 1 t all-fruit preserves - 1/2 large grapefruit - 1 c whole milk How can his menu be improved to follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? - ✔- use egg whites for omelets - replace cheese with vegetables in the omelets - replace english. muffin with whole wheat english muffin - replace whole milk with fat free milk What is true of recommendations concerning trans fat and added sugar intake? ✔Trans fat and added sugar intake should be minimized, there is no DRI value what is recommended daily amount of protein intake? - ✔60g/ day Which list contains all examples of proteins? - ✔garbanzo beans, chick peas, egg, chicken breast, yogurt, cheese, ground beef, peanut butter, tofu What is the best choice for a combination of plant-based foods to maximize healthy protein in a vegetarian diet? - ✔legumes + whole grains There is a current initiative for more transparent labeling of sugars on nutrition facts labels. in the coming years, which of these might be more obviously labeled sugars? ✔anything ending in -ose honey which carbohydrate will cause a quicker return to hunger? - ✔one with aa high glycemic index which is a reason why seafood can be considered part of a healthful diet? - ✔some seafood is high I healthy omega 3 oils what are generally considered sources of health fat? - ✔fish, nuts, olive oil what is not a common source of high levels of sodium? - ✔spices and herbs which foods are relatively rich in iron? - ✔- dark leafy greens - legumes - red meat
- nuts what is the best vegetarian source of iron from the options provided? - ✔beans Which of these are protective against heart disease? - ✔- fiber - HDL cholesterol which are linked to increase heart disease? - ✔- LDL cholesterol - trans fat - saturated fat Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke: LDL levels - ✔< 120 mg/dL Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke: Limit cholesterol to - ✔< 30 mg/ day Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke: Saturated fat - ✔< 7% calories/ day Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke: daily activity - ✔30+ min Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke: Sodium levels - ✔< 1600mg/ day Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke: Increase intake of - ✔insoluble fiber Reducing risk of heart disease/ stroke: limit alcohol to - ✔1-2 drinks/ day what is an appropriate dietary intervention to address a patient's low albumin level? ✔high protein diet select foods that would be inappropriate for a patient with kidney disease - ✔- fried eggs - hot dog - steak what is the dash diet designed to address - ✔hypertension which factors are important in controlling hypertension? - ✔- sodium below 1600 mg/ day - daily exercise, such as a half-hour walk
- health weight BMI < 25 Because obesity affects many org systems and hormones, impairing body functions: ✔it is now considered a disease what BMI is considered obese, requiring counseling about a weight loss dietary plan? ✔BMI > 30 what is the BMI calculation for a patient that measures 5' 4'' in height and 175 pounds in weight ? - ✔30 BMI calculation - ✔weight (lbs) / height (in)^2 * 703 what describe a diet least likely to result in obesity? - ✔a diet with a variety of fruits, whole grains, and vegetables identify which heart disease risk factors are modifiable. - ✔- sedentary lifestyle - BMI 32 - diet high in trans fats which statement is true? - ✔obese children and teenagers are at increased risk of coronary heart disease you are working in a family medicine clinic with a 22-year-old patient. you note a BMI of 17 what counsel would you give the patient? - ✔at this BMI, you are at increased risk of infertility, osteoporosis, and premature. death. let's find a solution what health risks clearly increase with BMI - ✔- heart disease - DM - Premature death - osteoarthritis - sleep apnea what is true regarding genetic influence on body weight? - ✔body weights of parents are oft predictive of body weights of children even when they do not raise them. to maintain weight in the long term patients should - ✔balance energy expenditure with energy intake, eat jus enough calories for activity level You can only DRAFT five pieces of advice for weight loss, which do you choose - ✔reduce process foods - increase activity - when you want food, ask yourself if you are actually hungry - eat 5 small meals to maintain energy throughout the day - limit sugary drinks`
which person is most likely to lose weight and keep it off? - ✔one who sticks to their diet long term which is true of weight loss - ✔10 % reduction in total body weight has consistently been shown to improve health and decrease risk ex) what would a 180 pound person. have to lose to show health benefits? - ✔18 pound to weigh 162 pounds which is likely not an appropriate sustainable weigh loss goal - ✔to lose 20 pounds in a month and be envied by friends motivational interviewing - ✔- health behaviors have rewards separate from pounds lost - don't focus on failure - don't focus on negative images/ unfairness - don't sugarcoat or be dismissive what is true of water intake and weight loss - ✔there is evidence to support that drinking 48 oz of water or more supports weight loss which foods are likely appropriate for consistent inclusion on weight reduction dietary plan - ✔- baked fish - broiled skinless chicken breast - steamed green vegetables which are thought to be societal factors in the obesity epidemc - ✔- more desk based jobs - increasing size of food portions at restaurants and home - increased consumption of processed foods obesity. messages to adolescents - ✔- constant focus on. food: bad - focus of praise on athletic achievers: bad - food as a reward: bad - consumption of media messages: mostly bad what is inappropriate advice to a family of a 14 year old with anorexia - ✔serve separate meals to different family members what is true of physical activity, in conjunction with diet, to support weight loss - ✔patient should strive for 90 minutes of moderate physical activity at least 3 times a week what is a legal supplement bodybuilders take in an effort to increase muscles mass and increase nitrogen retention - ✔protein powder
what are anthropometrics? - ✔weight management assessment stools including weight, height, ,and waist size how do you calculate physical activity level (PAL) - ✔total energy expenditure/ basal metabolic rate you are working in the family medicine clinic and are working with a patient with a BMI of 52 and a sedentary lifestyle. he is wondering about bariatric surgery. which pieces of advice are appropriate - ✔increase your physical activity now, but do it gradually, to reduce strain on your heart and increase your likelihood of keeping with it - even after surgery you will need to continue to exercise - after surgery, you may lose weight rapidly - you will need to take specific vitamin supplements after surgery What is true of nutrition for infants? - ✔human milk contains immune factors that infant formula does not why is juice not recommended for infants? - ✔- contributes to dental decay - lacks fiber and may contribute to diarrhea - it is highly caloric source of fluid Which behavior may contribute to risk of dental caries in infancy? - ✔Sharing utensils what parent behaviors may put a child at risk of having a poor relationship with food? ✔- never involve children in meal planning - avoid offering children choices How does the CDC define overweight in childhood? - ✔BMI for age over the 85th percentile When teaching kindergartners 5 to 6 years old about use my plate, what would an appropriate educational strategy be? - ✔teach them a rhyme with the concepts When teaching 8 to 10-year-olds about healthy meal planning, what would an appropriate educational strategy be? - ✔have them write out a description of a healthy menu with different food groups you are working in a pediatric practice and have an appointment with an obese nineyear-old boy and his parents. What are some pieces of advice you might give this family? - ✔- High levels of family stress can contribute to poor eating habits -limit portion sizes and avoid frequent restaurant meals -encourage the child to help choose and prepare meals -encourage physical active play and not just desk based study - provide in model choices of healthy plant-based snacks and colored fruits and vegetables at meals
What are some strategies to avoid when teaching high school students about nutrition? - ✔- Focus on how good nutrition will make them pretty - explain ways to skip a replace meals A healthy 17-year-old girl is reading a nutrition label and sees that a product contains 13% DV of calcium per serving. How many servings of this product with this girl need to have that day to get the recommended amount of calcium from the product alone? ✔10 servings A nurse is evaluating a 16-year-old boy with short stature, ( stunted linear growth), a poor bone development, and developmental cognitive delays. What might be a dietary cause of this boys condition - ✔Malnutrition what nutrient do young adolescents have an increased need for, relative to adults? ✔thiamine What is appropriate guys to get a newly pregnant mother? - ✔alcohol should be avoided during all trimesters of pregnancy what is a possible effect of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on the fetus? ✔permanent developmental disability What nutrient reduces the risk of neural tube defect's - ✔folate/ folic acid what are some good dietary sources of folate? - ✔lentils, spinach, oats how can a pregnant mother minimize the risk of preterm delivery - ✔- abstain from tobacco and drugs prior to conception and theough pregnancy - discontinue the use of all alcohol - maintain a healthy weight - maintain a healthy diet to help prevent gestational diabetes what is false about breastfeeding? - ✔it is a reliable form of birth control Why are adults over 70 years of age more vulnerable to in adequacy of one or more dietary nutrients? - ✔different gastrointestinal physiology interferes with absorption What are some potential benefits of probiotics and prebiotic's for an older adult? - ✔decrease total cholesterol - control of irritable bowel syndrome- yogurt/ cultured products - support immune system functioning - rebuild bone density
How about you advise the patient about adapting to older adult hood? - ✔To avoid obesity remain active and realize your overall caloric needs may decrease A patient is considering adding a dietary supplement and wants to know more. What should they do first? - ✔discuss it with their healthcare provider to which patient, represented by a quote, a meeting with the nurse, should the nurse recommend a dietary supplement - ✔" the doctor said my lab showed that I have iron deficiency anemia " the phrase not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease... - ✔is required to appear in the label of all supplements which vitamins can be flushed out in the urine Stream if they are in moderate access? ✔vitamin b and c (water soluble) Match the supplement with what it aims to improve: ergogenic aid - ✔athletic performance nootropic aid - ✔cognition probiotic - ✔digestive problems galactagogue - ✔breast milk production Supplemental not contain an active ingredient. What else may they contain? - ✔extra ingredients that are unlisted and are similar to fillers in prescription drugs How should you counsel a patient about providing information about the supplements I take to the healthcare team? - ✔Supplements can interact with medicine and make the medicines affect too strong. This can cause a life-threatening event thiamine deficiency - ✔beriberi iodine deficiency - ✔Brain damage, intellectual impairment, goiter vitamin a deficiency - ✔blindness in young children Vitamin D deficiency - ✔rickets Why do you many women take calcium supplements? - ✔To reduce the risk of osteoporosis vitamin K - ✔should be avoided while on warfarin
What is unavailable and plant foods, and therefore may need to be consumed as a supplement to a vegetarian diet - ✔vitamin B 12 What nutrients are available and plant foods, but may require special consideration and a vegetarian diet. - ✔- iron - vitamin d - protein: can be the hardest macronutrient on a vegetarian diet - calcium: must be in a bioavailable form A limited ability to acquire nutritionally adequate food and socially acceptable ways is called - ✔Food insecurity what is true Of food waste and overpopulation - ✔they are contributing factors to global hunger what are natural causes of famine - ✔pests, drought, flood What does the economic research service do? - ✔assist in providing research and analysis and food security issues in developing countries Food deserts are often characterized by their lack of - ✔Availability and accessibility of healthfully foods What a characteristics of food deserts? - ✔- fast foods more available - markets in the area do not have fresh produce what are some public strategies to reduce food deserts? - ✔- implement farmers market - supporting public policy to reduce cost of fresh foods Financial limitations to adequate nutrition our main focus of which diagnostic tool? ✔food security survey module A situation where a person who consumes any calories, but without adequate nutrients, can be considered - ✔Under nutrient, which also includes the chronically hungry What is an appropriate use of the child food security survey module - ✔determine if a child is experiencing hunger at home What does household food security status referred to - ✔an outcome easure to examine the publics ability to secure adequate food What is a term that means all people have access at all times to sufficient food for an active and healthy life - ✔food security
what is true of the food security survey module - ✔It measures efficiency of food and very low food security requires intervention low Food security is characterized by - ✔reduce quality, variety, or desirability of diet What was one of fact of the national nutrition monitoring and related research act of 1990 - ✔development of standardize questionnaires for measuring household food security status The uneasy or painful sensation caused by lack of food is - ✔hunger Which factor might be a cause of patients frequent emergency room visits for congestive heart - ✔Patient often goes without medication because they cannot afford them until they get paid What problems are factors can be associated with food insecurity - ✔- poor nutrition trouble obtaining food obesity lower cognitive and academic performances poorest health status what does the supplemental nutrition assistance program do (SNAP) - ✔Help low income families who have trouble affording food acquire food Which is the most appropriate referral to have home meals delivered by meals on wheels - ✔Male age 82 limited income be on my 17 mobility issues and cannot drive Which is the most appropriate referral to the women, infants, and children program ✔Female age 22 speaks limited English six months pregnant low income difficulty obtaining prenatal care What is not a primary consideration when addressing nutritional needs for a homeless patient - ✔Is the food fair trade certified What is a major barrier to nutritional education and a strategy for overcoming that barrier - ✔Illiteracy screening for problems with written materials and providing verbal or picture based instruction When working with a patient who speaks limited English what should be avoided ✔using text only to teach Using only traditional American foods
What program teachers older doubts how to shop plan and prepare nutritious meals as well as conducting hypertension assessments - ✔Elderly and nutrition program What is one way that program seek to provide socialization to older adults - ✔Providing meals in group settings senior farmers market nutrition program - ✔Allows older adults to acquire fruits and vegetables Supplemental nutrition assistance program - ✔Helps low income families acquire food Special supplementary nutrition program - ✔Recognize his medical and dietary risks to women and children Which is an important consideration of the meals on wheels program - ✔That the meals are appealing to the patients taste What is food poisoning - ✔can be caused by either primary infection by microbe or production of toxins by microbe skin what is true of botulism - ✔it is thought to be the most lethal bioterrorism agent Which infections are most commonly disseminated by ingestion - ✔cholera shingeosis what is food system security - ✔A system to focus on locating the source of a bioterrorism incident and notifying effective facilities What foods have been common sources of food contamination in recent years? ✔bean sprouts spinach milk (frozen berries) Which home cooks have put themselves at increased risk of spreading microbial foodborne illness - ✔Fred who didn't wash the spinach for the salad Francine who under cooked her chicken Philip who put a handful of raw sprouts on his thai noodles Franc who defrosted a steak steak on the counter flow who stores her cooked and raw vegetables together campylobacter - ✔under cooked poultry E. coli - ✔Foods contaminated with fecal matter
mycotoxins - ✔molds glycol alkaloids - ✔potatoes exposed to light Ciguatoxin - ✔Fish such as grouper monosodium glutamate - ✔Flavor enhancer which can cause chest pain, Adema, facial numbness, and headache enteritis And diarrhea are commonly caused by - ✔e coli and salmonella Why should pregnant woman eat cheese only if it has been pasteurized - ✔Listeria in unpasteurized cheese increases the risk of spontaneous abortion and congenital infection of the newborn Foods that require freezing, preservation techniques or immediate use are called ✔perishable foods true or false: Pasteurized milk can be stored at room temperature - ✔false although pasteurizing milk increases it Shelflife and reduces the number of micro organisms only ultra pasteurized milk can be stored at room temperature True or false contaminated drinking water should be boiled for at least five minutes ✔True it will be not be hot enough out of the tab freezing and salt treating is not reliable True or false irradiated food becomes radio active - ✔false irradiating food helps to control E. coli and salmonella but does not drastically affect taste and texture and does not make food radioactive. However it's use is not common True or false dented cans should be discarded - ✔True dented cans maybe compromise and may harbor contamination True or false chicken should be cooked or frozen with them four days of purchase ✔False poultry should be cooked or frozen within two days of purchase What is a term for a chemical agent that gives rise to obesity - ✔obesogen- bisephenol A is an example what does the USDA organic seal indicate - ✔that a food is 100% organic according to current standards that food is not genetically engineered and no synthetic fungicides or insect that sides were used
A bottle of pasta sauce said made with organic tomatoes onions and basil what can you infer from this - ✔The sauce contains at least 70% certified organic content