The Architectural Association School of Architecture In Partnership with: The Adriano Olivetti Foundation Gehry Technologies Europe
Students’ Work 2013 (ENG)
Factory Futures II AA Visiting School Ivrea 2013 Architecture Without Humans
For more information: http://ivrea.aaschool.ac.uk/ http://www.facebook.com/AAIvrea
FACTORY FUTURES AN AA VISITING SCHOOL PROGRAMME In October 2011, the Architectural School of Architecture - in partnership with the Adriano Olivetti Foundation and Gehry Technologies Europe – launched Factory Futures: a unique research programme exploring innovative architectural responses for the industrial landscape of the future. By connecting the realms of critical urban theories with computational design techniques, Factory Futures is dedicated to the affirmative re-empowerment of the architectural practice within contemporary conditions of production: the engagement with the social and territorial transformations driven by the rising data-economy, together with an architectural formalization of a new industrial aesthetic is at the core of our research. Now in its third year of activities, Factory Futures keeps exploring this highly contemporary field through visiting schools, symposia, publications and exhibitions.
Š AAVS IVREA 2013
AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013 ARCHITECTURE WITHOUT HUMANS Far from being invisible, the physical infrastructure supporting today’s need for data storage and distribution is increasingly transforming the configuration of our productive landscape. In 2013 the Ivrea Visiting School has developed design tools and research concepts to confront this phenomenon, which is challenging the conventions of both architectural design and urban theory. Using the Olivetti design culture as the DNA of their design experiments, students have used time-based and associative design strategies applied towards the creation of innovative data storage infrastructures. The workflow has been subdivided in two main computational design sessions intertwined with a rich program of critical seminars, lectures and field trips focusing on the Olivetti design culture.
AAVS IVREA 2013 - WEEK 1
Sun 30-06 DAY 0 09.00 - 10.00 10.00 - 11.00
12.00 - 13.00 13.00 - 14.00
15.00 - 16.00 16.00 - 17.00 17.00 - 18.00 18.00 - 19.00
© AAVS IVREA 2013
Tue 02-07 DAY 2
Wed 03-07 DAY 3
Thu 04-07 DAY 4
Fri 05-07 DAY 5
Sat 06-07 DAY 6
LECTURE R. Grignolo Olivetti in Scarmagno
STUDIO 1 Intro to Processing
STUDIO 1 Datacenter Typologies (Processing)
STUDIO 1 Datacenter Typologies (Processing)
STUDIO 1 Datacenter Typologies (Processing)
MID REVIEW
LECTURE A. Brennan The Big “O”
STUDIO 3 Datacenter Typologies (Processing)
TUTORIALS
STUDIO 3 Posters Abstraction
LECTURE P. Bonifazio Olivetti’s industrial architecture
11.00 - 12.00
14.00 - 15.00
Mon 01-07 DAY 1
FIELD TRIP Olivetti in Ivrea
FIELD TRIP Olivetti plant Scarmagno M.Zanuso 1962-72
STUDIO 3 Scarmagno Manual
STUDIO 1 Generative autoportraits (Processing)
LECTURE Guest Artist Quayola Works STUDIO 3 Posters Abstraction
LECTURE I. Macdonald Building a datacenter
AAVS IVREA 2013 - WEEK 2
09.00 - 10.00 10.00 - 11.00
Sun 07-07 DAY 7
Mon 08-07 DAY 8
Tue 09-07 DAY 9
Wed 10-07 DAY 10
Thu 11-07 DAY 11
Fri 12-07 DAY 12
Sat 13-07 DAY 13
TUTORIALS with guest artist Quayola
STUDIO 2 Intro to Gehry Technologies Digital Project
STUDIO 2 Associative Components Digital Project
STUDIO 2 Associative Components Digital Project
STUDIO 2 Associative Components Digital Project
STUDIO 2 Associative Components Digital Project
FINAL REVIEW Guests critics
STUDIO 3 Posters Technical Drawings
STUDIO 3 Posters Technical Drawings
11.00 - 12.00 12.00 - 13.00
STUDIO 3 Posters Technical Drawings
13.00 - 14.00 14.00 - 15.00 15.00 - 16.00 16.00 - 17.00 17.00 - 18.00 18.00 - 19.00
LECTURE Gilles Retsin Object Oriented Design
LECTURE Jelle Feringa Recent Work
Monia de Marchi (AA) Max Khalen (AA) Francesco Garutti (Abitare)
AAVS CERTIFICATE CERIMONY
AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013 LECTURE SERIES OFFICINE H, VIA JERVIS, IVREA In the course of the two weeks, 7 guests intervened shaping a broad public programme in which the workshop’s major themes were investigated in depth.
01 JULY 2013 Guest Lecturer
PATRIZIA BONIFAZIO ‘Reflections on the relationship between technology and industrial architecture in Olivetti from 1930s to 1960s’
Held in the form of lectures, symposias, and skype talks (Lectures Without Humans), the contributions consituted the intellectual framework of the work which was in parallel being produced.
Patrizia Bonifazio teaches urban history at the Politecnico of Milan: her area of interest is the second half of the XX century, with a particular focus on the exchange of disciplines and scales of architectural design and urban planning. Actually she is the director of the Architectural Programme of the Adriano Olivetti Foundation.
04 JULY 2013
06 JULY 2013
Guest Expert
Guest Artist
IAIN L. MACDONALD
DAVIDE QUAYOLA
‘Data Centres: Design and Development’ & ‘Developing Digital Real Estate’
‘Recent Work’
Iain Macdonald is an architect and founder of Iain Lachlan Macdonald . Previously a director of FTSE listed Aukett and YRM he has over 28 years of experience working at varying scales of development for international clients such as AIG, Bouygues Immobilier, British Land, Colt Telecom, GSK, Steiner AG, Electricite de France, Immofinanz, Mercedes-Benz, Worldcom. Having been a Visiting Scholar at the Bartlett, he has lectured internationally at WAPIC, UCity Korea, MIPIM, RIBA, Harvard, MIT, UCL, ETH Zurich, and his work has been published and exhibited in Europe and Asia. Increasingly his focus is on the transformative impact of technology on cities and urban culture including the development a new industrial aesthetic. © AAVS IVREA of 2013
Davide Quayola is a visual artist based in London. He investigates dialogues and the unpredictable collisions, tensions and equilibriums between the real and artificial, the figurative and abstract, the old and new. His work explores photography, geometry, time-based digital sculptures and immersive audiovisual installations and performances.
01 JULY 2013
02 JULY 2013
Guest Lecturer
Lectures Without Humans
ROBERTA GRIGNOLO
ANNMARIE BRENNAN
‘The Olivetti industrial Plant in Scarmagno, 196272 Strategies for reuse and management of large scale complexes’
‘The Big O’
Roberta Grignolo graduated in Architecture from the Turin Polytechnic, in 2003 she completed the DEA in Sauvegarde du patrimoine bâti moderne et contemporain at the Institut d’Architecture de l’Université de Genève. In 2006 she gained a PhD from the Milan Polytechnic, co-supervised with the Institut d’Architecture in Geneva. Since 2009 she has been assistant-professor of Restoration and reuse of twentieth century architecture at the Mendrisio Academy. Since 2002 she has worked with the Fondazione Archivio del Moderno in Mendrisio and has recently edited “Marco Zanuso. Scritti sulle tecniche di produzione e di progetto”, Mendrisio-Cinisello Balsamo 2013.
Dr. Brennan has received her professional architectural degree from the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. (B.A.1993, B.Arch 1994) and continued her graduate education at Yale University School of Architecture with a Masters of Environmental Design (M.E.D. 2001). She earned a Master of Art (M.A. 2003) and Ph.D. (2011) from Princeton University. Her dissertation examines the industrial utopia of the typewriter businessman Adriano Olivetti.
07 JULY 2013
10 JULY 2013
Lectures Without Humans
Lectures Without Humans
GILLES RETSIN
JELLE FERINGA
‘Object Oriented Design’
‘Recent Work’
Gilles Retsin is a Belgian born architect holding a Masters in Architecture + Urbanism (Dist) from the Architectural Association School of Architecture’s Design Research Laboratory (AA.DRL). He is senior designer at Kokkugia in London and co-founder of SofKill Design, a collective design studio investigating generative design methodologies for additive manufacturing. He teaches Diploma Unit 6 at University of East London with Robert Stuart-Smith and was previously unit Master at the AA visiting school in Shanghai and Beijing. His current research is focused on developing Object-Oriented Design in architecture, a consistent design strategy for radical differentiation on a range of scales.
Jelle Feringa is currently writing a PhD thesis, titled Design-by-Simulation, exploring the potential of simulation for architectural conception, at the HyperBody Research Group, TU Delft. He has taught and lectured at the ESA, Paris-Malaquias, ETH, and TU Delft. He is a founding partner in EZCT Architecture & Design Research. Jelle’s work is focused on the close coupling of advanced simulation methods with evolutionary computing methods. His academic research work is focused on the development of generative design representations. Working together Thomas Paviot, Jelle has been driving the developement of an open source CAD framework, PythonOCC a CAD/CAE/PLM development framework for the python programming language.
AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013 DAY 1: FIELD TRIP / SCARMAGNO MANUAL Following the two morning lectures focusing on the Olivetti design culture, students embarked on a field trip to the former Olivetti complex of Scarmagno designed by Marco Zanuso in 1962. Each team was assigned with a specific aspect of the building to be analysed by photographs made on site and drawings generated from selected archive material. The exercise was directed at the development of a critical knowledge on grid-based systems and industrial prefabrication methodologies.
Š AAVS IVREA 2013
© AAVS IVREA 2013
AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013 WEEK I: DATA TYPOLOGIES Starting from the standard dimensional and energetic requirements of the latest modular datacentres technology (such as Microsoft ITPAC’s and Google Modular Components), students have developed highly individual scripting techniques in order to simulate dynamic modular aggregations based on specific parameters of the server units. The use of code as the main design tool allowed for a rigorous systematization of each team’s design logic: starting from one-dimensional notions of grids, students have then further expanded the complexities of their studies to three and four dimensional systems. It is precisely in the possibility of embedding growth and time-based processes to complex organizational systems that we seeked the opportunity to formulate innovative responses to the typological and organizational complexities of modular datacenters.
Google patents for modular datacenters
© AAVS IVREA 2013
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Students work - Differential densification strategies # Processing
Students work - Attraction / repulsion distribution strategies # Processing
Š AAVS IVREA 2013
AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013 WEEK II: DATA TECTONICS The second phase made intensive use of Gehry Technologies’ Catia based software Digital Project to explore its most powerful aspects on component-based and rule-based approaches (Powercopies, Knowledge Patterns, Rules, Instantiations…). Students have been introduced to these contemporary design concepts through a fully generic pre-defined template controlled by a series of design tables in excel. Specific parameters such as granularity, snapping, and component type have been introduced to to explore the physicality of the strategies developed in Week I. Cube
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BOX_29 16 1 Excel Design Table # Digital Project BOX_30 16 18
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© AAVS IVREA 2013 BOX_31
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AA Visiting School | Ivrea, Italy | July 2013
Digital Project Workshop (w/ Lea Sattler, Digital Design Consultant)
Students work - Granularity tests # Digital Project
GehryTechnologies
Copyright Š 2013 GT France SAS All Rights Reserved
AA Visiting School | Ivrea, Italy | July 2013
Students workWorkshop - Instantiation for vertical # Digital Project Digital Project (w/ Leastrategy Sattler, Digital Design systems Consultant) © AAVS IVREA 2013
GehryTechnologies
Copyright © 2013 GT France SAS All Rights Reserved
AA Visiting School | Ivrea, Italy | July 2013 Students work - Instantiation strategy for radial systems # Digital Project Digital Project Workshop (w/ Lea Sattler, Digital Design Consultant)
GehryTechnologies
Copyright Š 2013 GT France SAS All Rights Reserved
Students work - Instantiation strategy for linear systems # Digital Project Š AAVS IVREA 2013
AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013 TEAM I FRANCESCO APOSTOLI - NIKOLA ARAMBASIC TITLE: DOPPELGANGER STRATEGY: TOP-TO-BOTTOM W1 PARAMETERS: DENSITY / HEAT / HEIGHT W2 TECTONICS: VERTICAL STACKING Team I explored a vertical growth system based on PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
the efficiencies of the chimney effect for the natural cooling of prefabricated IT modules. By systematizing the relation between density and heat the proposal generates multiple instances of vertical aggre-
generate a city-like, vertical accumulation?
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
How can the resulting physicality of data production
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
gations based on initial density inputs.
What kind of rules should govern such aggregation? How would this aggregation relate to the traditional conception of the city?
Growth strategy # Processing PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
Height of chimney
Vertical satcking # Digital Project Š AAVS IVREA 2013
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK EDUCATIONAL PRODUCT
© AAVS IVREA 2013
9m
6m
3m
OOA - Problem domain AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013
The space that has been built doesn’t actually grows but we can grow in resolution considering the continuing miniaturisation of technological objects as a exponential parameter in time
TEAM 2 MARCO CAPRANI - DAMIR MAMIC TITLE: DATA RESOLUTION STRATEGY: TOP-TO-BOTTOM W1 PARAMETERS: TIME / MINIATURIZATION W2 TECTONICS: RECURSIVE SUBDIVISION Team 2 problematized the increasing miniaturization of data storage technology and its relation to space. By developing an abstract computational model able to differentiate the resolution of the subdivision of a given volume, Team 2 proposed a data infrastructure resembling a geological formation where the strata
object oriented process
of accumulated material correspond to different
size
stages of technological advancements.
OOD - Modeling
density
A set of recursive components developed in Digital Project allowed for a consistent relationship between server space and ventilation equipment at the different resolutions.
OOD - Modeling
Components subdivision # Digital Project © AAVS IVREA 2013
OOD - Modeling
ITPAC 2013
ITPAC 2XXX
OOD - Modeling
time space
OOD - Modeling
time space 2013
XXXX
2013
XXXX
2013 XXXX
2013
2013
2020
2020
2050
2050
2150
2150
2250
2250
2xxx
FUTURE DATA STORAGE DNA
DATA STORAGE DNA
2020
2050
2150
2250
2xxx
Recursive resolution strategy # Processing
Instantiations # Digital Project AA Visiting School | Ivrea, Italy | July 2013
Digital Project Workshop (w/ Lea Sattler, Digital Design Consultant)
AA Visiting School | Ivrea, Italy | July 2013 GehryTechnologies
Digital Project Copyright Workshop © 2013 GT (w/ France Lea SAS Sattler, All Rights Digital Reserved Design Consultant)
GehryTechnologies
Copyright © 2013 GT France SAS All Rights Reserved
2xxx
© AAVS IVREA 2013
1 EXISTING CONDITION OF THE SYSTEM
AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013 TEAM 3 LORENZO MARCELLINI - COSTANZA QUENTIN
A
B
C
if A=false
if B=false
if C=true
TITLE: RULES OF ENGAGEMENT STRATEGY: OBJECT-ORIENTED W1 PARAMETERS: QUANTITY / POSITION
A+B
W2 TECTONICS: MODULARITY / CONNECTIONS
if A+B=true
A+C
(A+B)+C
if A+B=false
if (A+B)+C=true
2 2 RULES OF ATTACHMENT RULES OF ATTACHMENT
Team 3 explored an object-oriented approach where a basic set of three modular datacentre compo-
A A
nents – the vertical connection, the IT module and the ventilation shaft – is combined by a coded set of
A AA
A
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B AB
local rules. These rules involve the quantity of available modules (i.e. their percentage on the whole amount of modules) and their position in space. In Digital Project, Team 3 developed a modular set of interlocking elements responding to the different possibilities of combination established in the first phase.
Local sets of rules for aggregation # Processing
C CONNECTION A ITPACK
B VENTILATION SHAFT
Dell modular datacenter installation © AAVS IVREA 2013
Components typology and instantiation # Digital Project
3 DEGREE OF AGGREGATION
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DEGREE - VERTICAL B RULES OF2ndATTACHMENT
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3 DEGREE OF AGGREGATION
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C CONNECTION
C CONNECTION A ITPACK
A ITPACK
B VENTILATION SHAFT
B VENTILATION SHAFT
B
A+B
50%.50%.0%
A+B+C
A+A+B
A+A+A+B
A+A+A+A+B
A+A+A+A+B+A+B
66%.33%.0%
75%.25%.0%
80%.20%.0%
71%.39%.0%
33%.33%.33%
50%.25%.25%
A+A+B+C
A+A+A+B+C
A+A+A+A+B+C
A+A+A+A+B+C+A+B +C
A+B+C +A+A+B
A+A+B+C+A+A+B+C+A+B
A+A+A+B+C+A+A+B+A+B
A+A+A+A+B+C+A+C+A+B+A+A+B
A+A+A+A+B+C+A+B+C+A+A+A+A+A+B
43%.43%.14%
© AAVS IVREA 2013
50%.30%.20%
60%.20%.20%
60%.30%.10%
66%.17%.17%
62%.23%.15%
62%.19%.19%
62%.26%.12%
it pack
ventilation shaft
connection
if A = false
if B = false
if C = false
if A+B = true
if A+C = false
if (A+B)+C = true
AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013
100 %
TEAM 4 JACEK KAMIL - KLAUS PLATZGUMMER TITLE: WORLD CRAFT STRATEGY: OBJECT-ORIENTED W1 PARAMETERS: TIMEZONE / HEAT W2 TECTONICS: INTERLOCKING In analysing the different usage of a datacentre in relation to different timezones, Team 4 devised an
50 %
algorithmic logic based on a cellular automata algorythm which shifts IT loads around given number of servers (or cells). This strategy not only allows an efficient way of cooling servers by avoiding having two active servers next to one another, but also becomes a visual threedimensional representation of global IT activities in space. For this reason Team 3 proposes this strategy at the scale of the building. 0%
06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 AM
Tectonically, Team 3 explored a complex system of
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Asia
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interlocking parametric components and their reconfiguration in space based on the varying exten-
World of Warcraft server usage per timezone
sion.
Olivetti ICO Factory Ivrea - Grid system precedent Š AAVS IVREA 2013
Components typology # Digital Project
AM
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(x - 1, y - 1)
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(x + 1, y + 1)
if ((kind == 1) && count < 2) { newkind = 1; } if ((kind == 1) && count >= 2) { newkind = 0; } if ((kind == 0) && count == 1) { newkind = 1; }
3D Cellular Automata implementation # Processing
© AAVS IVREA 2013
COMPONENT A length ratio: 2 width ratio: 0.1
COMPONENT B length ratio: 2 width ratio: 2
COMPONENT C length ratio: 2 width ratio: 0.1
COMPONENT D length ratio: 0.1 width ratio: 0.1
ASSEMBLY A
ASSEMBLY B
ASSEMBLY C
ASSEMBLY D
AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013 TEAM 5 IVAN KRIZIC - XIN YANG TITLE: WARM AIR OUT STRATEGY: TOP - DOWN W1 PARAMETERS: COOLING / DENSITY W2 TECTONICS: MODULARITY Text Here
© AAVS IVREA 2013
density [increasing distance between IT packs] T/째C
distance/m
© AAVS IVREA 2013
AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013 TEAM 6 ILARIA TOLDO - ALES GOLOB TITLE: HIGH FREQUENCY STRATEGY: BOTTOM - UP W1 PARAMETERS: HEAT / DISTANCE W2 TECTONICS: MODULARITY Text Here
AA Visiting School | Ivrea, Italy | July 2013
Digital Project Workshop (w/ Lea Sattler, Digital Design Consultant)
© AAVS IVREA 2013
GehryTechnologies
Copyright © 2013 GT France SAS All Rights Reserved
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identification point number_ 001 client _ Siemens number of servers _ 400 power _ 36MVA at 50kV cooling _ chillers supply 4.7MW of cooling per chiller identification point number_ 002 client _ Aol number of servers _ 200 power _ 36MVA at 50kV cooling _ chillers supply 4.7MW of cooling per chiller
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identification point number_ 003 client _ Google number of servers _ 1400 power _ 2 x 10kV incomers to a dedicated substation on-site cooling _ chillers supply 11.8MW of cooling
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identification point number_ 004 client _ Yahoo! number of servers _ 800 power _ 3 x 11kV supplies for 4 transformers cooling _ 28 MW of total cooling provision
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identification point number_ 005 client _ Microsoft number of servers _ 1200 power _ 2 x 15kV incomers cooling _ chillers supply 4.7MW of cooling per chiller
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identification point number_ 006 client _ Digital Reality number of servers _ 1000 power _ 24 MW total power capacity through dedicated circuits cooling _ chillers supply 11.8MW of cooling per chiller identification point number_ 007 client _ Microsoft number of servers _ 1200 power _ 2 x 22kV supplies cooling _ 1000 watts of cooling per m²
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Š AAVS IVREA 2013 F7
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AA VISITING SCHOOL IVREA 2013 TEAM 7 Alexandra Savtchenko - Mihail dinu TITLE: FORTRESS STRATEGY: TOP - DOWN W1 PARAMETERS: OBSOLESCENCE / SECURITY W2 TECTONICS: STACKING Text Here
© AAVS IVREA 2013
© AAVS IVREA 2013
temperature constant climate change [attack] vandalism; risk only at site perimeter
obsolete ITPACs moved off-site
temperature fluctuation obsolescence
obsolete ITPACs repurposed` no climate change
no change
physical
temperature constant climate change [accident] fibre connection cut at nearby building site
obsolete ITPACs moved off-site
temperature fluctuation obsolescence
obsolete ITPACs repurposed`
radical instance of political instability
no climate change
temperature constant climate change digital
[attack] hacking / political activism; risk distributed randomly
temperature fluctuation
obsolete ITPACs moved off-site obsolescence obsolete ITPACs repurposed`
no climate change
SECURITY RISK
CLIMATE CHANGE
OBSOLESCENCE
© AAVS IVREA 2013