faiyaz k work book 2014 John H Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design
Faiyaz Khan 1-48 Manchester Ave Toronto, Ontario Canada M6G 1V3 fk@faiyazk.com +1 416 995 6386
//education
//additional experience
M.ARCH Candidate University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario
2013Present
Director - 2012Cosco Group of Industries Present Dhaka, Bangladesh
B.ARCH. Ryerson University Toronto, Ontario
2005-10
Founder - 2014Code Kitchen at Daniels Present Toronto, Ontario
//related experience Junior Designer LOH Architects Associates Toronto, Ontario Intern Designer JET Architecture Toronto, Ontario
//software 2013
2011-12
Autocad / Rhino + Grasshopper / Maya Proficient in Java, VB.net, and Python
Small to Large The world can be understood by looking through an electron microscope, or by aiming a telescope at distant galaxies. Through science, we know how the world works yet somehow we have not translated that knowledge into a sustainable existence on Earth. Architecture’s greatest value is its ability to engage with forces and matter on any scale. From materials research using nanotechnology to the design of novel methods of energy generation: architects continue to develop new forms of agency across scales. This is a list of my work ordered by size. My aim is to expand the scope of my architectural knowledge—from the smallest detail to the biggest picture—to find ways humans can live and work sustainably.
TABLE OF CONTENTS small to large Atmosphere Pavilion.............8 Riverdale Park Amenity..........14 City Museum.....................22 493 College St..................26 Variable Plaza..................34 work experience Shenzen High-tech Tower.........40 thesis Next_Export Processing Zone.....44
Atmosphere Pavilion Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Competition, 2012 With Sam Ghantous, Justin Oh, Sara Ives, Michael Stock, Naveed Khan, & Vincent Hui
Atmosphere is a small ephemeral shelter along the Assiniboine River’s landscape. It is inspired by the formal and experiential qualities of a gas. The shelter represents a frozen moment of a material undergoing a physical phase transition. Based on the primitive act of stacking wood, layers of various-shaped plywood are spaced apart by steel supports.
Aerial photo of the Assiniboine River Forks
Plan view
Interior view
Elevations
1 _ of sk to pl id si yw is l te oo oa d de an d d w st ith ru o ct n ur e h al a m lf o em f be the rs d at igit a ally tim m e, ill th ed en p i na ece vi s ga te d
Diagram showing assembly process
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Transportation to Site
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3360 mm
Detail CNC milled 1” Weather Treated Plywood LED Lighting System 60 mm Structural Steel Pipe 4. Milled Receiver Joint for Steel Pipe 5. Bolted Steel Connection 6. 2” by 6” Lumber Transfer Beam 7. 10 mm Bent Plywood Screen
1. 2. 3.
Section Through Seating
Assembly Method 8
View during the day
The layers bend organically to suggest views between the interior and exterior, diffusing the light. Having a constantly shifting form, the shelter produces a varied and sensuous experience, instead of making a single iconographic statement. The overall intent speaks to the elemental and temporary nature of the river, working with its surroundings to create meaning.
9
View during the night
10
11
Riverdale Park Pavilion Toronto, Ontario, Canada Studio Project, 2007
View from site
12
At the boundary between a ravine and a historic neighborhood lies Riverdale Park. Designed to pronounce this boundary, this pavilion contains amenity program for the local community and visitors. The small structure contains a cafe, changing rooms a kiosk. The concept was derived from the topography and the experience of the site, while creating an unassuming form that decomposes into its surroundings.
Immediate Context
The site is a neighborhood with a long history, named Cabbagetown. The area is characterized by 100-year old homes, tree-lined streets, schools and parks. Here begins an ecological connection with the Don River Valley, an important geographic feature of Toronto.
Nature Reserve
Don Valley
Cabbagetown
Riverdale Park
Elementary School
13
Observations from the site
14
The aim of the design was to create a pavilion that took advantage of the topography of the site. By choosing to design the structure at the top of the hill, the pavilion became a viewing platform for visitors and locals.
Preliminary sketches
View from below hill
15
site & roof plan
2
4
8
16m
n
first floor plan
By draping the roof loosely over the functional areas, a unobtrusive form was given to the pavilion and the roof became accessible to the public. The form subtly frames views for its occupants, integrates itself into the landscape, and has its own unique identity. 16
D B
Program Areas
C
LOGIC
A
Operation 1 i) Arranged in a linear form to articulate the contour of
A)Cafe B)Utility C)Kiosk D) Washrooms E)Public Space
the site. ii) Program is kept one-story to remain unbotrusive. iii) program is clustered logically by function for
E
economy but seperated to create more porous circulation.
D C
Operation 2 i) Draping public space over the programmatic clusters
B
OPERATION ONE: Clustered volumes
E
A
E
creates an elevated platform for views ii) Bends allow structure to be embedded into the roof creating a singular surface iii) cuts are made into the surface to accomodate the existing site features making the structure more integrated into the park.
E E
OPERATION TWO: Draped public space
west elevation
longitudinal section
17
View from top of the hill
18
19
City Museum Everywhere in Toronto Competition, 2006 A series of pop-up art galleries are proposed that act as local catalysts for social engagement. They are scattered around the city and collect local art for most of the year. Once a year the galleries are moved to a central location for an event, “City Museum”. Here people can see their local habitats and neighbors as part of a larger picture. It is a scalable interface that makes apparent the community which is already present.
EXPAND
CONTRACT
VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION INVOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION
COMM J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M
“Community”, Kevin Lynch 20
Concept diagram
Views of pop-up art galleries across city
For most of the year, art galleries are scattered throughout the city. They collect local art and becomes a part of the neighborhood. 21
View of City Museum
22
Detail view
VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION INVOLUNTARY ASSOCIATION
COMMUNITY J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D
CITY DISTRICT STREET
Concept diagram 23
493 College St Toronto, Ontario, Canada Studio Project, 2008
Typical housing developments in Toronto tend to follow generic typologies and do not integrate well into the city’s vibrant fabric. This project attempts to blend into its surroundings in order to capture the neighborhood’s character. The design is sited in a parking lot with access to a mainstreet and connected to a laneway in the rear. The concept for the building is to transform from a mid-rise building into a laneway house, and to create public spaces along the laneway networks. This strategy addresses the scale of the neighborhood and at the same time densifies the area.
Region to site
Canada
Little Italy
QUÉBEC
Québec
Ontario
Montreal
OTTAWA
United States
TORONTO Detroit
24
New York
Boston
Financial District
Site Elevations
25
Spatial Analysis of Neighborhood
Voids
Chosen Site
Mainstreet Edges
Laneway Edges
Scale 15m
30m
60m
North
Built Area
26
Voids
Site
Mainstreet Surfaces
Laneway Surfaces
Concept Diagram
Sectional morphology
s1
s2
s6
Housing
s3
s8
s7
Commercial
Interior Street
s5
s4
Corridor
Basement
27
Ground Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan laneway
2
1 3
mainstreet
laneway
N
1. Housing lobby 2. Retail 1 3. Retail 2 4. Plaza 4
residential street
Second Floor Plan
1
public
5
private 1. Apartment Type 1 2. Apartment Type 1 3. Apartment Type 1 4. Apartment Type 1 5. Outdoor garden
28
2
private
3
4
public
public
private
Sectional perspective
29
View from main street
30
View from laneway
31
Variable Plaza Toronto, Ontario, Canada reStore Competition, 2011 Second place, With Sam Ghantous
View of site
32
The aim of the competition was to create a successful public space that made use of the site’s many opportunities. The site is defined by a highway on-ramp in an area with a high population density but with little sense of community. Our big design move was to focus on strengthening Toronto’s waterfront corridor instead of attempting to bridge the Gardiner Expressway (an obtrusive elevated highway disconnecting most of Toronto from the waterfront). By way of considering the relationship between publics space and its neighboring buildings, we presented a dynamic and pedestrian-oriented plaza.
Aerial view of proposal
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3a 5b
3a
3b
3b
1
2a
2b
5b
6
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1/6: Public art
3/6: Responsive Plaza
5/6: Urban Connectivity
An otherwise unsightly vehicular onramp is converted into public art by wrapping a media wall along its edge. This creates a dynamic spectacle that can be read from outside, inside and underneath the onramp.
The plaza’s landscape negotiates between hardscaping and green spaces in a formally coherent whole.
(a) The west-east urban corridor is connected to the plaza via streetcar and the plaza is envisioned as a prominent stop along its route.
2/6: Mixed-use tower
(a) Existing trees are kept, and green spaces allow the infiltration and retention of seasonal precipitation.
We propose planning guidelines for adjacent buildings to interface with the plaza on the podium level.
(b) Hard surfaces are serviced with electricity outlets to allow the plaza to host events and even temporary markets.
(b) The north-south urban connection to the plaza is provided by a skybridge connecting developments north of the Gardiner Expressway to towers at the plaza.
(a) Typical developments in the area have been homogenous and have singular daily patterns. We propose mixed use planning to create a more dynamic and active place.
4/6: Pedestrian street
(b) Retail or exhbition program would be ideal at the lower level, allowing public program to flow out into the plaza, and urban life flow into the building.
The car-oriented site is remedied by pedestrianizing Queens Quay boulevard, giving priority to the local residents in order to create a sense of community.
6/6: Defined edge The plaza is given an identity by the geometry of its landscaping, making the site a prominent destination along the waterfront. The geometry ties all of the elements of the plaza into an unified whole. Seating is also provided along the edge as an interface between the street and the plaza.
33
Exploded diagram of components
MIXED USE TOWER
PUBLIC INTERFACE
BENCHES MEDIA WALL
ADAPTIVE CONVERGENT
ZONES
ECOLOGICAL
OCCUPIED TERRAIN
PAVING PLANTING BED
GENERATED TOPOLGY
ATTRACTORS
REMAINING COMPONENTS ON SITE
34
View from boulevard
35
View of plaza at night
36
37
Shenzen HTT Shenzen, China JET Architects, 2011 Role: Contract Designer (modeling, parametric design) My role in this project was to create an initial geometry for a tower in Shenzen. Since the neighboring lots were vacant we explored a parametric design that could be used to develop two additional adjacent towers. The concept behind the massing was to transform the irregular plot shape into a cylindrical tower.
38
Overview of design
Service Lounge
XL Tower - 220 m 101,300 sf
L Tower - 144 m 52,490 sf
Office
M Tower - 108 m 39,680 sf Lounge Service
Office Service Lounge Lounge Service
Office
Service Service
Office
Lounge
Office
Office Service
Service
Retail / Public Space Office
Service Office Public Plaza Exhibition
Service Retail / Public Space
Service Retail / Public Space
39
Geometry optimization
Physics simulation
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Evaluate geometry
Evolutionary solver
Envelope panelization
After the envelope’s geometry was optimized, different assemblies could be explored. By using a different facade for each tower, the block of towers appears heterogenous but also maintains coherency.
41
NEXT EPZ Undergraduate Thesis, 2009 Urumqi, Xinjiang, China Advisor: John Ingrao
As China developed to become the world’s largest industrial exporter, it experienced tremendous urban development and ecological degradation. Cities have been built within a few short years without long-term planning. But what happens when the market invariably changes over time? Will China’s industrial cities face the same urban challenges faced by other post-industrial cities like Detroit or Philadelphia? This thesis investigates the rise of manufacturing in Urumqi, China, and explores the potential of planning sustainable industrial zones.
42
Is it possible to design a sustainable manufacturing zone?
43
Manufacturing zones in China moving inland
Urumqi is the most populous city in Western China. In a few short years the city became a center of manufacturing due to government investment and the exploitation of local coal, crude oil, and natural gas. 44
Urumqi as part of larger global system World City
GROWING GLOBAL CONSUMPTION
2nd Tier City Global City
1st Tier City Capital
ENERGY INTO SYSTEM Coal
Global City Oil Urumqi
Natural Gas
Minerals
Pollution & Ecological Degradation Unstable global economy
Record commodity prices
Rapid Urbanization
“Manufactured Landscapes”, Edward Burtinsky
45
Commercial
Residential
Industrial
1960
2000
Diagram: Urumqi, Landuse Comparison Between 1960 and 2000
Urban built-up area
Central business district
Glaciel areas
Polluted industrial zones
Contaminated surace water
Mining zones
Contaminated slag disposal
Diagram: Urumqi, Ecological problem areas 46
As manufacturing in Urumqi grew rapidly and at a very large scale, so did its urban fabric. The resulting urban forms were inflexible, generic, and disconnected from each other with large highways and industrial parks. Pollution also became a huge problem due to gas emissions factories and industrial waste. Old parts of the city and mixed-use communities were cut off from each other, increasing dependency on cars.
Diagram: Urumqi, Typical Contemporary Urban Landscape
BARRIER
VOID
BARRIER BARRIER
BARRIER PRUIT IGOE
VOID BARRIER PRUIT IGOE
VOID VOID
PRUIT IGOE
BARRIER
VOID
VOID
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Economic Concept
Sustainable“Industrial� Zone Adaptive Matrix
Positive Social Development
Capital Ecological Rehabilitation
Renewable Infrastructure Small Scale Workshops / Mixed Use Large Scale Industry
Urumqi’s economy developed quickly due to industrialization but it came with an ecological and social cost. Could industrial parks be built sustainably and still remain competitive? This thesis explored an alternative development model using capital to fund an integrated approach to building industrial zones. By planning for the long term, engaging the local economy, and maintaining sustainable building standards, an industrial zone can avoid the problems Urumqi faces today.
48
In simulating this concept in Urumqi, I researched and listed all the potential requirements of a sustainable economic zone. Using network/graph theory, all the parameters needed to coordinate these objectives were modeled and analyzed. A list of design objectives were generated by finding the most central requirements within the network/graph. A central requirement was one that had many other requirements linked to it, and was deemed a crucial part of the network.
Excerpt of graph/network of functional requirements ECONOMIC PRINCIPALS 1.Free trade zone should encourage high-skill labor force. 2.Zone should contribute to a transfer-of-technology to host country. 3.Taxes are waived for exported goods to attract foreign direct investment. 4.Zone should contribute to a positive social development for local community. 5.Zone should offset lost revenues from elimination of tax, by building green local infrastructure. 6.Zone should be adaptive towards the business cycle (growth, low growth scenarios) 7.Zone should be adaptive in accommodating global and local market forces. 8.Zone should not contribute to public financial debt. 9.Zone should look for international clients that are willing to contribute to positive social change. 10.Zone should have an engagement with local and regional policy makers. FREE TRADE ZONE 11.Free trade zone should be sited in a strategic part of city or region. 12.Zone contains a network of infrastructure for factories. (roads, electricity, gas, water, waste) 13.Central plants and utilities increase energy efficiency of whole zone. 14.On-site customs office allow convenience for factories. 15.Free trade zone should be secure. 16.Internal vehicular circulation needs to connect to roads and highways. 17.Dock for loading and unloading on rail would be convenient 18.Zone should include small / medium business incubators for local entrepreneurs. 19.Zone should be sited in urban area close to housing and market. 20.Zone should respond to urban context and edges. 21.Pedestrian circulation should be healthy and safe. 22.Pedestrian experience should be enjoyable. 23.Zone should maximize public access. 24.Zone should maximize density and be compact. 25.Zone should be energy and ecologically conscious as part of an integrated plan. (i.e. LEED) FACTORIES 26.A factory needs to be sited to access raw materials. 27.A factory needs to be sited to access ports for transport of finished goods. 28.A factory needs to be sited to access a workforce. 29.Factories need to be designed to change and grow. 30.Factories need to be secure. 31.Factories need to be efficiently organized. 32.Adequate warehouse space is required. 33.Production space needs to be easily configurable 34.Offices are required to oversee and manage work. 35.Utility plants are required and maintenance should be easy. 36.Loading docks are required for shipping and receiving.. 37.Small delivery entrance is required for ancillary functions 38.Parking for administration and visitors should be accommodated. 39.Assembly lines need to be a continuous linear flow. 40.Worker entrance / exit needs to accommodate large volumes of movement. 41.Emergency egress must be accommodated. 42.Mechanical and support spaces should not obstruct work flows. 43.Day-lighting in spaces should be maximized. 44.Worker environments need to be safe. 45.Adequate area should be given for worker social space and training. 46.Bicycle storage and changing rooms for workers should be accommodated. 47.Factory building should be easily convertible to other uses. SMALL / MEDIUM BUSINESS INCUBATOR
48.An incubator needs to be sited close to markets. OBJECTIVE 01: ADAPT / RE-USE 49.An incubator needs to be sited close to workers’ residence or public transport.
50.Incubator should provide affordable workshops and offices for small / medium businesses.
REQUIREMENT: 51.Incubator should provide community space for interaction.
52.Incubator should provide facilities to develop business (i.e. computer labs, training rooms)
1.m 1 is related to m (45,52) 2.m 2 is related to m (9,45,52) 3.m 3 is related to m (5,14) 4.m 4 is related to m (5,8,10,18,44,46,51,52,54) 5.m 5 is related to m (3,8,25) 6.m 6 is related to m (18,19,47,60) 7.m 7 is related to m (18,19,47,60) 8.m 8 is related to m (3,4,25) 9.m 9 is related to m (2,10) 10.m 10 is related to m (4,9) 11.m 11 is related to m (16,26,27,28,48,49) 12.m 12 is related to m (13,25,53) 13.m 13 is related to m (12,25,53) 14.m 14 is related to m (3,26,27) 15.m 15 is related to m (23) 16.m 16 is related to m (12,20) 17.m 17 is related to m (26,27,48) 18.m 18 is related to m (4,6,7,19,23,50) 19.m 19 is related to m (18,20,21,22,23) 20.m 20 is related to m (11,21,22,47,48,51,54,55,56,61) 21.m 21 is related to m (22,23,28,40,44,48,49,54) 22.m 22 is related to m (21,48,49,54,55,56,61) 23.m 23 is related to m (4,6,15,21,51,54,55,56,61) 24.m 24 is related to m (25,22) 25.m 25 is related to m (5,8,12,13,43,46,47,62) 26.m 26 is related to m (11,14,16,17,36) 27.m 27 is related to m (11,14,16,17,36) 28.m 28 is related to m (11,19,40) 29.m 29 is related to m (6,7,31,33,47) 30.m 30 is related to m (15) 31.m 31 is related to m (24,29,33,39,47) 32.m 32 is related to m (39) 33.m 33 is related to m (29,31,39) 34.m 34 is related to m (39) 35.m 35 is related to m (31,33,42) 36.m 36 is related to m (26,27,36) 37.m 37 is related to m (26,27,36,48) 38.m 38 is related to m (34,48) 39.m 39 is related to m (31,32,33,34) 40.m 40 is related to m (21,28) 41.m 41 is related to m (44) 42.m 42 is related to m (31,35) 43.m 43 is related to m (25) 44.m 44 is related to m (4,41) 45.m 45 is related to m (1,4) 46.m 46 is related to m (25) 47.m 47 is related to m (6,7,20,25,28,29,31) 48.m 48 is related to m (11,16,17,20,21,22,37,38) 49.m 49 is related to m (11,21,22) 50.m 50 is related to m (18) 51.m 51 is related to m (4,20,23,52) 52.m 52 is related to m (1,4,52) 53.m 53 is related to m (12,13) 54.m 54 is related to m (4,20,22,23,55,56) 55.m 55 is related to m (20,22,23,54,56) 56.m 56 is related to m (20,54,55) 57.m 57 is related to m (58,59) REQUIREMENT: 58.m 58 is related to m (57,59) 59.m 59 is related to m (57,58)
m6. Zone should be adaptive towards the business cycle. m7. Zone should be adaptive in accommodating global and local market forces. m25. Zone should be energy efficient and ecologically conscious as part of an integrated plan (i.e. LEED) DESIGN INTENT: m47. Factory building should be easily convertible to other uses. RELATED TO: m29. m20. m31. m28.
Factories need to be designed to change and grow. Zone should respond to urban context and edges. Factories need to be efficiently organized. A factory needs to be sited to access a workforce.
Child
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62
43
46
32
60
42
13
35
38
34
39
37
26
36
40
27
16
17
14
59
30
58
15
45
57
50
18
23
61
56
55
22
49
21
48
44
19
41
28
11
47
31
20
33
24
25
12
54
29
8
6
51
52
7
1
Excerpt of design objectives generated from graph/network 3
5
OBJECTIVE 04: PUBLIC ACCESSIBILITY
OBJECTIVE 08: DEDICATED PEDESTRIAN NETWORK 4
REQUIREMENT: 10
Node Typology
m4. Zone should contribute to a positive social development for local community. Economic Principals DESIGN INTENT: Parent Free Trade Zone
m20. Zone should respond to urban context and edges. 9 m28. A factory needs to be sited to access a workforce. m54. Incubator should be publicly accessible. 2 m19. Zone should be sited in urban area close to housing and market. m48. An incubator needs to be sited close to markets. m54. Incubator should be publicly accessible. Factories m44. Worker environments need to be safe. RELATED TO: Small / Medium Business Incubator DESIGN INTENT: Workshops m20. Zone should respond to urban context and edges m21. Pedestrian circulation should be healthy and safe. m21. Pedestrian circulation should be healthy and safe. m22. Pedestrian circulation should be enjoyable. RELATED TO: m55. Incubator should have mixed use functions. m56. Workshop requires a service element (showroom and office) m49 An incubator needs to be sited close to workers’ residence or OBJECTIVE 03: ACCOMMODATE GROWTH / CONTRACTION public transportation.
OBJECTIVE 02: EFFICIENT PLAN & SECTION
REQUIREMENT:
m22. Pedestrian circulation should be enjoyable.
REQUIREMENT:
m6. Zone should be adaptive towards the business cycle. m7. Zone should be adaptive in accommodating global and local market forces.
OBJECTIVE 07: SUSTAINABILITY
DESIGN INTENT:
m5. Zone should offset lost revenues from elimination of tax by using green infrastructure.
m24. m29. m33. m47.
Zone should maximize density and be compact. Factories need to be designed to change and grow. Production space needs to be easily configurable. Factory should be easily convertible to other uses.
DESIGN INTENT: m31. Factories need to be efficiently organized. RELATED TO: m39. Assembly lines need to be continuous and linear. m35. Utility plants and mechanical spaces are required and maintenance should be easy. m42. Mechanical and support spaces should not obstruct work flows.
m29.
Factories need to be designed to contract and expand
RELATED TO: m33. Production space needs to be easily configurable. m31. Factories need to be efficiently organized. m47. Factory building should be easily convertible to other uses.
REQUIREMENT:
DESIGN INTENT: m25. Zone should be energy efficient and ecologically conscious as part of an integrated plan (i.e. LEED) AFFECTS:
OBJECTIVE 05: PROMOTE LOCAL BUSINESS
m12. Within zone is a network of infrastructure for factories (transportation, electricty, gas, water) m24. Zone should maximize density and be compact. m47. Factory should be easily convertible to other uses. OBJECTIVE 06: CONTINOUS URBAN FORM m13. Central Plants and utilities incease energy efficiency of whole m1. Free trade zone should encourage high-skill labour force. m2. Zone should contribute to a transfer-of-technology to host zone. REQUIREMENT: country. m43. Daylighting in factory should be maximized. m4. Zone should contribute to a positive social development for lo- m46. Bicycle storage and changing rooms for workers should be acm51. Workshop incubator should provide space for community interac- cal community. comodated. tion. m6. Zone should be adaptive towards the business cycle. m62. A workshop should have adequate natural light. m54. Incubator should be publicly accessible. m7. Zone should be adaptive in accommodating global and local marOBJECTIVE 09: INTEGRATED INFRASTRUCTURE ket forces. DESIGN INTENT: DESIGN INTENT:
49
In order to accommodate the overlap of functions in the network, a modular industrial zone built up of 60m x 60m units was proposed. Comprised of different building types that connected together, design objectives were addressed in each module, or groups of modules. Concept model of modular industrial park
50
Proposed industrial zone typologies / modules
Factory
+
Workshop / Incubator
+
Open Space / Infrastructure
=
Export Processing Zone
Comparison between large scale and small scale industry
ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL PEOPLE TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES INFORMATION RESOURCES INFRASTRUCTURE
ARCHITECTURE URBAN
LARGE SCALE GARMENTS FACTORY
FAMILY SILK WORKSHOP
Limited liability company, corporation
Sole-proprietorship, general partnership, limited liability company
Banks, multi-national corporations, foreign markets
Credit-unions, local businesses, local markets
Zone operator, foreign investors, management, wage-laborers
Small business owners, apprentices
Assembly lines, heavy machinery, inventory systems
Small - medium machinery, tools
In-house assembling, fabricating, and processing
Specialized trade
Global market prices, logistics
Local market prices, local buyers
Raw materials, energy
Raw materials, energy, recycled materials
Utilities: Electricity, gas, water Transportation: Highways, rail, waterways, etc.
Utilities: Electricity, gas, water Transportation: Commercial street, alleys
Large sheds, adminstrative facilities, utilities
Small workshops, service interface, infrastructure
Proximity to sea, land, or airports. Peripheral development for low rents
Proximity to residential areas for workers, and commercial streets Central development for access to local markets
51
Pedestrian street through industrial zone
Factory module schematic Design
Base Module
52
Vertical Goods Movement
Public & Support Spaces
Clear Space for Production
Each square module is serviced by two adjacent vehicular edges, and two adjacent pedestrian edges. Placed next to each other, the modules formed an urban grid with alternating vehicular and pedestrian streets. This pattern repeated to create a public and private realm within the industrial zone.
Factory modules were designed to accommodate change of use, expansion, and contraction in order to adapt to any economic changes in Urumqi. Any public spaces within the factory were oriented towards the pedestrian streets, and production spaces were oriented towards the vehicular roads.
Factory module (continued)
Party Wall For Expansion Between Factories
Variable Program & Floor Area Ratio
Offices Between Factories Share Private Outdoor Space
Setbacks For Continuous Pedestrian Streets
Setbacks Along Pedestrian Streets
Variable Form For Factory Buildings
Public Spaces For Workers Along Pedestrian Spaces
Open Spaces At Pedestrian Nodes
53
Incubator module schematic design
Base Module
Collective Spaces
Buildings Connect Over Vehicular Roads
Variable Program and Floor Area Ratio
Vertical Goods Movement
Access By Public Transportation
Variable Building Form
Incubator modules were proposed to encourage local business development. These are multitenant buildings that are completely accessible to the public to facilitate the trade of goods and services. Collective spaces were planned for daycares or education services in order to contribute positively to Urumqi’s industrial workforce. The ground floor is mostly left for commerce to create active streets. 54
Workshops
Public Space & Parking
Setbacks Along Pedestrian Street
View of incubators
Incubator modules (continued)
Natural LIght Along All Workshops
Active Pedestrian Streets
Public Plaza At Pedestrian Node
55
Hybrid modules exist where clusters of factory, incubator, and open space modules meet. This was designed to create functional and experiential transitions from one area to another. Open space modules are designed for infrastructural support, or to integrate the industrial zone into the city. Transition Modules
Factory to Incubator (Low Density)
Factory to Incubator (Medium-Density)
Factory to Incubator (High Density)
Factory to Infrastructure (Low Density)
Factory to Infrastructure (Medium-Density)
Factory to Infrastructure (High Density)
Incubator to Market
Incubator to Public Space
Incubator to Park
56
View of factories bridging Over vehicular roads
The combination of all the modules produces a variety of conditions, layered functions, and an integrated infrastructure within the industrial zone. The zone is thereby not only appropriate for large-scale factories, but also for small-scale industry and other mixed use functions.
57
Proximity analysis of site features Set of modules Factory & Open Space High Density
Medium Density
Low Density
58
Factory
Factory & Incubator
Incubator
Incubator & Open Space
Open Space
The modules were placed on site using a parametric model. An initial grid for the modules was designed to connect into the adjacent urban network. For each cell within the grid, several proximity calculations were performed to analyze the relationship of the cell to the site’s features: such as connectivity to infrastructure, programmatic edges, and circulation nodes.
Generated land use
Module placement diagram
Within the parametric model, another calculation determined the optimal landuse, typology, and density for each cell. That information determined the placement of factory modules (red), incubator modules (green), and open-space modules (blue). The parametric model allowed for a high degree of control over the industrial zone. One use for the model would be to simulate a long term economic model in order to find a feasible mix of factory, incubator, and openspace modules. This model could be further developed by including cost per area values for each module, and using spreadsheets to financially optimize the zone. Additionally it serves as a design tool to compare costs and benefits across the entire industrial zone.
Density 59
Parametric control of land use within zone
Affinity matrix for determining land use Large Scale Factories Inf.Zoning
Workshop Incubator
Ternary plot used as interface
Infrastructure and Resource Management
Factory
101
Energy Management Water Management Waste Management
32
43
0.80
0.20
Node Primary Secondary
3
0.60
0.40
52 53
Transport Rail
0.60
Highway
0.40
Roads Pedestrian 0.80
0.20
Areas Industrial Mixed Use Waste
60
Incubator
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
Open space
Built form: 0.45 Factory, 0.45 Incubator, 0.10 Open-space
0.78 Factory, 0.19 Incubator, 0.03 Open-space
0.21 Factory, 0.71 Incubator, 0.08 Open-space
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Typical fragment 0
180
240m
Typical section
0
62
60
120
N
10
20
30
40m
CONCLUSIONS
This project demonstrates how modular industrial zones and parametric modelling can create sustainable economic zones. This is achieved by a process that synthesizes complex sets of requirements into form. The design has significant advantages to current industrial park developments in China: the zone is designed for the longterm, contributes to the local economy, and is connected to the surrounding urban fabric. These qualities allow the zone to adapt to different functions and economic scenarios over time. This adaptability coupled with green construction methods makes the industrial zone resilient over time, and minimizes ecological damage.
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