Reconsideration of Resilient Landscape Architecture, Master Thesis, 2

CONNECTING ROAD

WATER FRONT SPACE

ARTIFICIAL CANAL

EMERGENCY

Figure 29: Original Typology Analysis, made by author

5.2.2 THE RING

Typologies

The ring offers horizontally the extension from the neighborhood, as it functions more than a dike or a surrounded ring road. It offers its multifunctionalities through the road elevation. The construction of the ring can be distributed in a spectrum from one end to a more urban extension to the other end of a more natural performance.

The frst typology of the ring shows a more near nature-end scenario. Firstly, while building an elevated surrounding dyke-like road, it offers the potential of a buffer place between neighborhood and the water. By attaching the habitat cubes into the water, it makes up the possibilities for a natural bank reclamation. The cube as it shows in the concept drawing, functions as a hive-shaped habitat, and offers place for water-bone species such as oyster and fshes. While accumulating oyster reefs at the waterfront, it changes the deposition of sediments, which shapes the land in a more heterogeneous way. Along with the deposition from nature movements, the stilted road connects the water with the elevated road, in order to connect the neighborhood with this natural performance. In the end, it offers a less human intervention space, where nature plays its magic.

The second typology of the ring shows another end of the spectrum which can be seen as an urban fabric extension. It was born with the elevated surrounding road as well. In this scenario, it offers a fooded-friendly terrace in order to support urban activities. Combining the plaza idea in an urban context that offers a meeting point with the leveling idea in order to host the food in a resilient way, it connects humans with fooding in another approach. While offering different possibilities in the plaza, it has the ability to host most urban activities, such as weekend markets, outdoor performances, urban meetings, etc. With the leveling terraces, built to offer spaces for water, nature extends when the water level rises. To a more linier bank, it also intends to attach the hive habitat in order to host different species, while the water barriers them from the visiting of humans. It is a scenario that tries to balance the urban life with nature.

Basically, the typology shown in the following pages of making the ring is to actually take nature into consideration, while building dykes-like robustness reactions. Indeed, it changes the water land dynamics while building hard robust constructions to protect human lives, yet the intention behind the robustness is actually making space for nature. It leaves buffer spaces for nature where it can food in and humans still enjoy the least disturbance from the food while maintaining the usual urban lives. While using the ring seems like a way to harden the dyke mindset, it actually offers the possibilities to soften the bank, and leave space for fooding, while subconsciously changing our reactions towards fooding. Whenever we see no danger of living with water, is where we can see the more softener natural reclamation that can happen.

NATURE EXTENTION

New Habitat

Figure 30:Nature Habitat sketches, made by author

URBAN EXTENTION

Figure 31:Urban Terrace Sketches, made by author

STILTED ROAD

MARSCHLAND

OYSTER REEF

HABITAT BOX

GRASSLAND

FAST LANE

LOW TIDE

NATURE EXTENTION

Softened Bank & New Habitat

LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE

Figure 32:Nature Habitat Low Tide Scenario, made by author

The frst typology of the ring shows a more near nature-end scenario. Firstly, while building an elevated surrounding dyke-like road, it offers the potential of a buffer place between neighborhood and the water. By attaching the habitat cubes into the water, it makes up the possibilities for a natural bank reclamation. The cube as it shows in the concept drawing, functions as a hive-shaped habitat, and offers place for water-bone species such as oyster and fshes. While accumulating oyster reefs at the waterfront, it changes the deposition of sediments, which shapes the land in a more heterogeneous way. Along with the deposition from nature movements, the stilted road connects the water with the elevated road, in order to connect the neighborhood with this natural performance. In the end, it offers a less human intervention space, where nature plays its magic.

NATURE EXPLORATION

HABITAT BANK GATHERING PLAZA

WATER SPORT

HIGH TIDE

NATURE EXTENTION

Softened Bank & New Habitat

MULTI-FUNCTIONS

BIKING & RUNNING

Figure 33:Nature Habitat High Tide Scenario, made by author

MARSCHAL PLANT

OYSTER REEF

PLANTING POOL

URBAN PLAZA

TERRACE

FAST LANE

HABITAT REVETMENT

LOW TIDE

URBAN EXTENTION

Urban Terrace

LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE

Figure 34:Urban Extension Low Tide Scenario, made by author

The second typology of the ring shows another end of the spectrum which can be seen as an urban fabric extension. It was born with the elevated surrounding road as well. In this scenario, it offers a fooded-friendly terrace in order to support urban activities. Combining the plaza idea in an urban context that offers a meeting point with the leveling idea in order to host the food in a resilient way, it connects humans with fooding in another approach. While offering different possibilities in the plaza, it has the ability to host most urban activities, such as weekend markets, outdoor performances, urban meetings, etc. With the leveling terraces, built to offer spaces for water, nature extends when the water level rises. To a more linier bank, it also intends to attach the hive habitat in order to host different species, while the water barriers them from the visiting of humans. It is a scenario that tries to balance the urban life with nature.

HIGH TIDE

Urban Terrace

Figure 35:Urban Extension High Tide Scenario, made by author

5.2.3 THE LINE Typologies

While the ring talks about a more robust reaction, the line offers a glance in a more utopian imagination. What if we have to live with water no matter how many rings we add towards the food? The line is an elevated “connection” to assure our future life in facing this imagination. Basic concept of the line is by elevating one layer from the ground level, that connects neighborhoods through it and to leave the ground as an non-essential layer for human activities.

To keep on the concept of elevating this layer, it actually focuses more on returning land to nature, as we don’t have to use the layer beneath, it gives nature the opportunities to claim it back. The line works mostly in connecting different rings. While the ring works normally as elevated roads, it has its abilities already to connect the whole island while offering emergency car access when it faces the food. The line then doesn’t have to offer the same accessibilities for car use. It takes more consideration of how to provide a layer for urban individual/ public activities performing.

First of all, due to the elevated situation, it indeed cuts the link between human and ground. In another word, it cuts the link between human and nature. In that case, it will lose the bond between human and nature which will furtherly infuence the mindset of how we perceive nature. The porous line is to re-bond humans with nature again. While allowing trees that grow from the lower ground level through, it shrinks the feeling of living above nature. Rather it offers an opportunity to see a different aspect of nature. It shows the different shape of nature underneath, while passing through the pores, it gives humans the glance of back to the ground. Looking through the canopies, it shows humans another perspective of how a less intervened nature can be.

Secondly, the linier catwalk offers a faster connection between each ring and the neighborhood. It is a divided fast lane where one side could support the accessibilities of bikes and the demand of urban sporting and the other side of a wide scenery possibility.

Last but not least, is the typology of a more complex idea, it extends the idea of layers to rather one layer but a more cubicle imagination of this elevated layer. On the other hand, while increasing the complexity of the layers, it also supplies the capability of hosting more abundant urban activities. The accumulated space offers a lot of imaginations such as concerts, urban meetings, urban sports, recreational use, nature performance observation, etc.

Further applying the multilayer typology into the neighborhood, it offers more autonomy in a future scenario. As the multiple layers allow the autonomy happening in the neighborhood. It enhances the individualities into the urban context, while providing the multi-layers, it can involve residences innovations on urban space use. The multiple layers that have been elevated, provide no longer only the space, but also the sharing and accumulating of neighborhood residences.

While establishing the lines, it actually intends to ensure more fexibility in the future hazard scenario. As it retains the urban context and activities as it should be while giving back more space to nature underneath. It is indeed a more utopian imagination of the future rather than a solid idea of construction, yet it offers the opportunities for urban context a new vocabulary. As elevating a layer it also provokes us to rethink our relation with nature, with water, with ground.

Figure 36:The Line Sketches, made by author

NATURE RESERVATION

GATHER LAYER

PORES LIFTED CATWALK

LOW TIDE

PORONOUS Relating Nature

LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE

Figure 37:Pornous Line in Low Tide Scenario, made by author

THE RING

First of all, due to the elevated situation, it indeed cuts the link between human and ground. In another word, it cuts the link between human and nature. In that case, it will lose the bond between human and nature which will furtherly infuence the mindset of how we perceive nature. The porous line is to re-bond humans with nature again. While allowing trees that grow from the lower ground level through, it shrinks the feeling of living above nature. Rather it offers an opportunity to see a different aspect of nature. It shows the different shape of nature underneath, while passing through the pores, it gives humans the glance of back to the ground. Looking through the canopies, it shows humans another perspective of how a less intervened nature can be.

NEIGHBOURHOODPLAYGROUND

MEETING POINT

WEEKEND MARKET (TEMP)

LOUNGE

ENVIRONMENTAL EXPLORATION

OURDOOR CAFE (TEMP)

HIGH TIDE

PORONOUS Relating Nature

MULTI-FUNCTIONS

Figure 38:Pornous Line in High Tide Scenario, made by author

NATURE RESERVATION LIFTED CATWALK

LOW TIDE

LINIER

Fast Connecting

LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE

Figure 39:Linier Line in Low Tide Scenario, made by author

THE RING

Secondly, the linier catwalk offers a faster connection between each ring and the neighborhood. It is a divided fast lane where one side could support the accessibilities of bikes and the demand of urban sporting and the other side of a wide scenery possibility.

HIGH TIDE

LINIER

Fast Connecting

MULTI-FUNCTIONS

Figure 40:Linier Line in High Tide Scenario, made by author

NEIGHBOUHOOD USAGE

URBAN PLAZA

NATURE RESERVATION

TERRACE

CONNECT STAIRS

LOW TIDE

TERRACE

Multi-layers

LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE

Figure 41:Terrace Line in Low Tide Scenario, made by author

FAST LANE

FAST LANE

Last but not least, is the typology of a more complex idea, it extends the idea of layers to rather one layer but a more cubicle imagination of this elevated layer. On the other hand, while increasing the complexity of the layers, it also supplies the capability of hosting more abundant urban activities. The accumulated space offers a lot of imaginations such as concerts, urban meetings, urban sports, recreational use, nature performance observation, etc.

WEEKEND MARKETING (TEMP)

BIKING & RUNNING

FESTIVAL EVENT (TEMP)

MEETING POINT

NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAYGROUND

HIGH TIDE

TERRACE Multi-Layers

MULTI-FUNCTIONS

Figure 42:Terrace Line in High Tide Scenario, made by author

TERRACE-NEIGHBORHOOD VERSION Multi-layers

LOW TIDE LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE

Figure 43:Terrace Line Neighborhood Version in Low Tide Scenario, made by author

FAST LANE

PLANTING POT

NEIBORHOOD GARDEN

NEIBORHOOD FARM

Further applying the multilayer typology into the neighborhood, it offers more autonomy in a future scenario. As the multiple layers allow the autonomy happening in the neighborhood. It enhances the individualities into the urban context, while providing the multi-layers, it can involve residences innovations on urban space use. The multiple layers that have been elevated, provide no longer only the space, but also the sharing and accumulating of neighborhood residences.

HIGH TIDE MULTI-FUNCTIONS

TERRACE-NEIGHBORHOOD VERSION Multi-layers

Figure 44:Terrace Line Neighborhood Version in High Tide Scenario, made by author

6. CONCLUSION

The frst and second part of the thesis illustrates what a future could be, and what our reactions are not abundant in facing sea level rising. To further discuss the thesis introduces the resilient approach while comparing what is already being planned on the example site area -Wilhelmsburg. Further continuing the logic threads, it offers those resilient typologies that can be applied to the site, while taking theories like the CFC system, movable architecture to ensure the solidity behind the seemingly radical approach.

Despite the extreme conditions that were portrayed, this thesis is about a rather utopian imaginative design approach facing future food hazards. It intends actually not to give solutions, rather it offers the glance of the possibility for changes, the changing of applying food-proof reactions, the changing of our mindset and the following changing of our behavior in adjusting to it.

Imagining if that really happened, we are walking on the elevated line, with a cup of coffee, some teenagers playing some jazz music in a band besides you, in the distance, people are jogging from the fast-lane coming from the elevated ring where the water is already just beside. While the water bank is no longer what you remember 50 years ago, it fulflls its job as providing habitats for other species. You suddenly realize, you are not the only one who lives here. Passing by the pores, you touched the trunk, calling your friend about the event that will happen tomorrow, as it will be the low tide day. You can go to that concert by the water on the terrace. You have the access to the above layer while still remembering days before you can still go down to maintain your urban garden as the water was not there yet. But over all experiences, you are no longer shocked by the rising water level, as you fnally understand, it is not to fght with nature but to live with nature.

The story that comes from the design approach intends to illustrate a more resilient scenario in the future while facing the uncertainties. Yet it also introduces a new mindset coming along with the design which is the main point of the thesis. Landscape architecture approaches are not only offering the space in reality to transform, but also offers the change from the space in the human mind.

APPENDIX a: Figures

Figure 1: Flood In New York From The Day After Tomorrow © 2004 Twentieth Century Fox. (6)

Figure 2: Sea level rising Projection, GSFC/PO.DAAC . (7)

Figure 3: David McCandless,et al 02.2014, Informationsibeautiful.net. (8)

Figure 4: National Geographic Magazine, S.Hallegatte et al, 2013 NATURE. (11)

Figure 5: Wolleys Trench Sketch, 2014, Expedition Magazine (14)

Figure 6: Water Laid Deposit, 2014, Expedition Magazine (14)

Figure 7: Coenraet Decker, Noah’s ark in Mount Ararat, illustration for: Arca Noe, Athanasius Kircher, 1675 (16)

Figure 8: Isar competition, 2003-2005: frst prize (Burckhardt/SKI), second prize (Jerney/EDR), fnal compromise (Burckhardt/Jerney/SKI) (State of Bavaria and City of Munich). (17)

Figure 9: Living Break Water Concept Drawing, SCAPE Studio ,2014 Rebuild By Design Competition (17)

Figure 10: fgure: @yamashitaphoto, 02.2016, Instagram. (19)

Figure 11: Yona Friedman | Ville Spatiale in Binckhorst, 2010,Dpr-Barcelona (21)

Figure 12: La Ville Spatiale”Courtesy Yona Friedman Archives, Paris. (21)

Figure 13: The Big U Perspective, BIG TEAM, 2014, Rebuild by Design Competition. (23)

Figure 14: Photo of fooded city of Hamburg at Wilhelmsburg in 1962, 1962 Gerhard Pietsch (28)

Figure 15: “Transformations of the Canal depth” re-edit by author, original credit from studio urbane landschaften. Wasseratlas,2008. (28)

Figure 16: After Storm Nadia 2022, picture alliance/dpa | Daniel Bockwoldt (29)

Figure 17: Recurrence intervals of storm surge water levels at Cuxhaven, North Sea coast (data from BSH-statistic and Goennert and Ferk, 1996). An assumed 1-m ASLR would reduce the storm surge interval by at least one order of magnitude. Host Sterr, 2008 (30)

Figure 18: 2 Coastal Flood Projections, From a mild 2meters rising scenario to an extreme 3meters one. Credit: Owen Mulhern,2020 https://earth.org/data_visualization/sea-level-rise-by-2100-hamburg/ (31)

Figure 19: Flood Proofed Building& Catwalk in Hafen City. D Goltermann1 , G Ujeyl1, and E Pasche1, 2008, MAKING COASTAL CITIES FLOOD RESILIENT IN THE ERA OF CLIMATE CHANGE 2008 (33)

Figure 20: Flood-management strategies distribution in Hamburg, edited by author, map source: Google Map, datasource:Hamburg.de (35)

Figure 21: Landuse Analysis in Wilhelmsburg, edited by author, map source: Google Map, datasource:Hamburg.de (36)

Figure 22: Flood risk and vulnerabilities based on population density, made by author, datasource: SRTM 30 M satellite map, Hamburg.de (37)

Figure 23: principle and risk analysis of CFC system, D.Goltermann et al 2008 (39)

Figure 24: Concept of The Ring, made by author. (40)

Figure 25: Concept of The Line, made by author (41)

Figure 26: Concept Drawing, made by author (42)

Figure 27: MasterPlan, made by author,Map source:Google Map (44-45)

Figure 28: Flood Risk and Compartments Analysis, made by author,Map source:Google Map (46-47)

Figure 29: Original Typology Analysis, made by author (48)

Figure 30:Nature Habitat sketches, made by author (50)

Figure 31:Urban Terrace Sketches, made by author (51)

Figure 32:Nature Habitat Low Tide Scenario, made by author (52)

Figure 33:Nature Habitat High Tide Scenario, made by author (53)

Figure 34:Urban Extension Low Tide Scenario, made by author (54)

Figure 35:Urban Extension High Tide Scenario, made by author (55)

Figure 36:The Line Sketches, made by author (57)

Figure 37:Pornous Line in Low Tide Scenario, made by author (58)

Figure 38:Pornous Line in High Tide Scenario, made by author (59)

Figure 39:Linier Line in Low Tide Scenario, made by author (60)

Figure 40:Linier Line in High Tide Scenario, made by author (61)

Figure 41:Terrace Line in Low Tide Scenario, made by author (62)

Figure 42:Terrace Line in High Tide Scenario, made by author (63)

Figure 43:Terrace Line Neighborhood Version in Low Tide Scenario, made by author (64)

Figure 44:Terrace Line Neighborhood Version in High Tide Scenario, made by author (65)

APPENDIX b: Bibliography

Cazenave, A. and G. Le Cozannet (2013), Sea level rise and its coastal impacts, Earth’s Future, 2, 15–34

D Goltermann, G Ujey, E Pasche, (2008) . “Making coastal cities food resilient in the era of climate change.”

Paper presented at 4th International Symposium on Flood Defence: Managing Flood Risk, Reliability and Vulnerability Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 6-8, 2008

Duncan M. FitzGerald, Michael S. Fenster, Britt A. Argow, and Ilya V. Buynevich, (2008)

“Climate impacts due to Sea-Level Rise” Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2008. 36:601–47

Farshad Bahrami, Ayda Alehasheim, Heshmatolla Motedayen, (2019)

Urban Rivers and Resilience Thinking in the Face of Flood Disturbance,The Resilience Planning of the Kan River, 2019, MANZAR, 11 (47): 56-67

Frédéric L.M. Rossano (2021), Floodscape Contemporary Landscape Stratgiees in Ttimes of Climate Change

Grossmann, I., Woth, K., von Storch, H. (2006). Localization of global climate change: Storm surge scenarios for Hamburg in 2030 and 2085, Die Küste, 71, 169-182 Mauch, Felix. (2012)“The Great Flood of 1962 in Hamburg.”

Environment & Society Portal, Arcadia 2012 no. 6. Rachel Carson Center for Environment and Society. https://doi.org/10.5282/rcc/3733

McGranahan DA, Balk D, Anderson B. (2007). “The rising tide: assessing the risks of climate change and human settlements in low elevation coastal zones”. Environ. Urban. 19:17–39

Robert J.Nicolls (2011) “Planning for the Impacts of Sea Level Rise”, Oceanography , Vol. 24, No. 2, SPECIAL ISSUE ON Sea Level (JUNE 2011), pp. 144- 157

Sterr, Horst .(2008) “Assessment of Vulnerability and Adaptation to Sea-Level Rise for the Coastal Zone of Germany.” Journal of Coastal Research 242 (2008): 380–93. https://doi.org/10.2112/07a-0011.1

Studio Urbane Landschaften.(2008)

Wasseratlas: Wasserland-Topologien für Die Hamburger Elbinsel. Berlin: Jovis, 2008

APPENDIX c: Internet Sources

Berwyn, Bob. “Hamburg’s Half-Billion-Dollar Bet.” Hakai Magazine. Accessed January 21, 2022. https://hakaimagazine.com/news/Hamburgs-half-billion-dollar-bet/.

EPA(2016) .”Report on the environment, Sea Level”. EPAcfpub.epa.gov › roe › indicator_pdf Friedman. (n.d.-a). principles of mobile architecture. Yona Friedman. Retrieved August 6, 2021, from http://www.yonafriedman.nl/

Hamburg Marketing. “Facts & Figures.”. Accessed January 19, 2022. https://marketing.Hamburg.de/facts-and-fgures. html.

IBA, November 5, (2019) “2006 – 2013 IBA Hamburg // Leap across the Elbe.” IBA, November 5, 2019. https://www. internationale-bauausstellungen.de/en/history/2006-2013-iba-Hamburg-leap-across-the-elbe/.

NASA(2021) “Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation.” NASA, August 23, 2021 https://climate.nasa.gov/solutions/ adaptation-mitigation/

Penn Museum, (2014) “Water_laid_deposits” Expedition Magazine . (2014): n. pag. Expedition Magazine. Web. 06 Feb 2022 <http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/?p=16717>

Penn Museum,(2014) “Wolley Trench Sketch” Expedition Magazine . (2014): n. pag. Expedition Magazine. Web. 06 Feb 2022 <http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/?p=16717>

Professional Practice. Resilient design. (n.d.). Retrieved January 18, 2022, from https://www.asla.org/resilientdesign. aspx

Schmidt , Fabian. “Opinion: Germany’s Know-It-All Attitude after the Floods Helps No One: DW: 19.07.2021.” DW.COM. Accessed January 20, 2022. https://www.dw.com/en/opinion-germanys-know-it-all-attitude-after-the-foodshelps-no-one/a-58317029

USGCRP (2017). “Climate Science Special Report. Chapter 12: Sea Level Rise”. science2017.globalchange.gov. Rob Moore (2019). “IPCC IPCC Report: Sea Level Rise Is a Present and Future Danger”.https://www.nrdc.org/experts/ rob-moore/new-ipcc-report-sea-level-rise-challenges-are-growing, 2021

Yeung, Peter. (2021) “In Hamburg, Surviving Climate Change Means Living With Water.” Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, December 18, 2021. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-12-18/how-Hamburg-learned-to-live-with-rising-water.