Topic 1: Anatomy Sports, Exercise and Health Sciences
Sď “
The Skeletal System
Skeletal System
Axial & Appendicular Skeleton
Notes S Structure of a bone: -
Contains a healthy arranged matric of protein fibers + water + mineral salts
S 4 types of bone: -
Long bone
-
Short bone
-
Flat bone
-
Irregular bone
-
*Sesamoid bone
4 Types of bones: Long Bone
Long Bone
Location of bones
Location of bones
Functions of Connective Tissue S Ligaments:
- can replace the tendon - Ligament: bone to bone S Cartilage: - Protects bones from rubbing against each
other (eg knees & elbows) S Tendon: - Tendon: muscle to bone - Act as a bridge between muscle and bone
3 Types of Ligaments S Synovial S Space between bones is called joint cavity S Functions of a cartilage: reduce
friction, absorb shock & protect bones S Synovial membrane secretes
synovial fluid to reduce friction + provide nutrients to cartilage
3 Types of Joints: Fibrous S Fibrous: have a thin layer of muscle
tissue connecting the edges of 2 bones
Classification of joinst
3 Types of Joints: Cartilaginous Sď “â€Ż Cartilaginous: bones can be separated by a
fibrocartilage disc or a layer of hyaline cartilage
Ligaments
Joints
S Joints: - When bones come together or
when two or more bones articulate - To increase mobility of the body &
limbs
Types of joints
Synovial Joint
Types of Synovial Joints S Types of Synovial Joints S Ball & Socket S Hinge joint S Pivot joint S Saddle joint S Gliding joint S Condyloid join
The Muscular System
Muscle Functions S Movement S Move substances around the body
(eg food) S Stabilize & maintain body position S Generate body heat
Properties of a tissue Contractibility: to contract and generate force when stimulated by nerve Extensibility: to be stretched beyond its normal length Elasticity: to return to its original resting length Hypertrophy: When a muscle gets bigger after being trained through exercise/increased activity = due to myofibrils increase As you increase the amount of exercise you do, the bigger your muscles will get Atrophy: Number of myofibrils decrease
Different Types of muscle
Origin & Insertion Origin: muscle tendon to stationary bone
Insertion: muscle tendon to moveable bone
Structure of muscle
Structure of muscle: Actin & Myosin
Origin & Insertion
S Origin: the attachment of a muscle tendon
to a moveable bone
S Insertion: the attachment of a muscle
tendon to a moveable bone
Origin & Insertion
Skeletal Muscles
Skeletal Muscles