FOUNDATION & STRUCTURAL CONCRETE FRAME | BUILDING CONSTRUCTION | SLIDES

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Foundation & Structural Concrete Frame

WHAT IS FOUNDATION IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

A foundation is a lower portion of building structure that transfers its gravity loads to the earth. A tall building must have a strong foundation if it is to stand for a long time.

BASICALLY THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF FOUNDATION WHICH IS

SHALLOW

FOUNDATIONtransfer the load to the soil at the base of the substructure known as a stepped Foundation. depth of foundation is less than or equal to its width. depth does not exceed 10 meter

DEEP

FOUNDATION deep foundation is used where the soil underneath the structure is not able to support the building load within the appropriate depth, therefore the structure has to rest at a greater depth. The function of deep foundations is to transmit the weight of the building to firm layers deep inside the ground..

SHALLOW FOUNDATION

PROS AND CONS

soil has a good bearing capacity

Control of the excessive displacement of settlements

residential or light commercial building

CONS

settlement limit capacity irregular ground surface

PROS

cost labours material construction procedure

simple and cost effective

mostly usig insitu concrete

TYPE OF SHALLOWFOUNDATION

COMBINED FOOTINGSTRAP OR CANTILEVER FOOTINGMAT OR RAFT FOOTINGINVERTED ARCH FOOTING

DEEP FOUNDATION

PROS

beneficial in areas where earthquakes are likely to occur.

can carry a huge load Piles can undergo corrosion.

can be prefabricated off-site allows efficient installation on the site. The induced piles displace and

Soils that are high compression, low shear strength and have swelling or shrinkage

Daily inspection required. Skilled labor is required

compact the soil which will increase the bearing capacity of the pile. Piles will keep the facility safe and

Soils that resist lateral loads, surface

erosion and Resist tensionto fix the piles.

.

strong for many years.Increase overall productivity.

TYPE OF DEEPFOUNDATION

PILE FOUNDATION CAISSONS FOUNDATION HOLLOW BOX FOUNDATION SHAFT FOUNDATION CYLINDER FOUNDATION

Framed structure components

COLUMN

vertical member that carry the loads of the upper column. column is the most important part of the building and if it fail the whole structure will collapse.

SLAB

they usually carry vertical loads. they also can carry quite large forces like from earthquake and wind then them transfer it to the beam.

BEAM

they carry the loads from slabs and also the direct load as masonry wall and their own self weight. beam is may supported by other beam and column.

FOUNDATION

The loads from the columns and walls are transmitted to the solid ground through the foundations

Framed structure components

SHEAR WALLELAVATOR SHAFT

Shear walls are actually very large columns because of which they appear like walls rather than columns. Shear walls also carry the vertical loads. they only work for horizontal loads in one direction,

they usually carry vertical loads. they also can carry quite large forces like from earthquake and wind then them transfer it to the beam.

The Admixtures are additions to a concrete mix that can help to reduce the time of concrete curing and other aspects of fresh concrete

admixture also improve the performance of problem concrete by modify its characteristics and enhancing workability.

WHY CONCRETE IS ADDED WITH ADMIXTURE?

FIVE CLASSES OF CHEMICAL MIXTURE

AIR ENTRAINING ADMIXTURE

WATER-REDUCING ADMIXTURE

RETARDING ADMIXTURE

ACCELARATING ADMIXTURE

SUPERPLASTICIZER ADMIXTURE

used to develop a large number of small air bubbles in the concrete air bubbles have several effects on the fresh and the hardened concrete.

increase the strength and workability of concrete and to reduce cost

used to slow the rate of setting of concrete. concrete mixture can stay in its fresh mix state longer before it gets to its hardened form

increase the rate of hydration of hydraulic cement, shorten the time of setting and increase the rate of early strength development

high range water reducers, are additives used in making high strength concrete.