NOTIONS OF HOME | FARAH YUSOF by F Yusof

NOTIONS OF HOME Master of Architecture | Design Thesis

FARAH YUSOF

Thesis Project Notions of Home Master of Architecture | University of Melbourne 2014

Main Supervisor Elliet Spring

CONTENTS NOTIONS OF HOME

DIVERSITY

PHYSICAL INTEGRATION

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

XL - MELBOURNE

L - FITZROY

M - STREET

S - DWELLING

107

XS - ROOM

117

BIBLIOGRAPHY

135

NOTIONS OF HOME Master of Architecture | Design Thesis

Jay Appleton argues that human beings have an inborn desire to seek both opportunity (prospect) and safety (refuge) in our environment. In this thesis, home as refuge reflects the individual’s desires and comfort, whereas home as prospect reflects the wider community that allows one to discover new opportunities. Local residents has highlighted that social integration within the broader community is one of the key issues in the redevelopment of the Atherton Gardens housing estate. Thus this thesis will argue to what extent can architecture bring a balance of prospect and refuge that enables physical and social integration between communities. Within such proximity of the neighbourhood, there is a significant difference in demographics between the Atherton Housing estate residents and the residents of Fitzroy, with 68% and 37.5% of its residents born overseas respectively. Regardless of culture and experience, the home as a place of prospect-refuge is a common notion for everyone. In reference to Maslow’s hierarchy of human basic needs, the needs of a home to provide this balance are that it should be: functional, social, reliable and meaningful. The first two needs reflect the physical integration of communities where it addresses the urban fabric of the site. The last two needs address the social integration of communities, in which this thesis investigates the importance of the dining experience that is inherent in every culture. In designing the urban scale, this thesis has explored the works of Oscar Newman’s defensible space, Jane Jacobs’ eyes on the street, and Jan Gehl’s cities for people. The work of Edward Hall’s proxemics has greatly influenced the design of the individual dwellings, where it provided a framework for creating various spatial sequences that allows for both prospect and refuge.

NOTIONS OF HOME

PROSPECT

REFUGE

NOTIONS OF HOME

PROSPECT AND REFUGE THEORY In his book, The Experience of Landscape, Jay Appleton1 proposed the Prospect-Refuge theory as an explanation of human environmental preferences. He notes that places that provides certain amount of prospect (open view) and refuge (protection) offer an evolutionary advantage to humans. It is in these places that aid “survival from animate hazards by offering an observation point to see, to react, and if necessary, to defend”2. Seeking both prospect and refuge is “aesthetically more satisfying than one that affords neither, but again weakness in prospect or in refuge may be compensated for by strength in the other”3.

PROSPECT

REFUGE

1. Appleton, J (1996). The Experience of Landscape. New York: Wiley 2. Fisher, B & Nasar, J (1992). Fear of crime in relation to three exterior site features (1st ed.). Sage Publications. Retrieved from: http://www.academia.edu/3135254/Fear_of_crime_in_relation_to_three_exterior_site_ features. p37. 3. Appleton, J. op.cit. p74

NATURAL HABITAT

seeking refuge from potential predators

URBAN

clinging to edges to feel secure

CONTEXT

from pickpockets etc.

perception of safety in numbers

NOTIONS OF HOME

REFUGE home as refuge reflects the individualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s desires and comfort

PROSPECT home

prospect

reflects

the

wider

community that allows one to discover new opportunities

NOTIONS OF HOME

MASLOWâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S HIEARCHY OF HUMAN NEEDS Abraham Maslow1 was a psychologist who studied positive human qualities and the lives of exemplary people. In his book, Motivation and Personality, he proposed a heirarchy of basic human needs that can be seen in the diagram below. Maslow suggests that the fundamental needs must be met before one will desire the higher level of needs for constant betterment.

1. Maslow, A.H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370â&#x20AC;&#x201C;96. Retrieved from http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm

REVISED HIEARCHY Maslowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s depiction of the different levels in the form of the pyramid may be considered invalid as the human mind is more complex. The different level of motivations can occur parallel at the same time. Hence the revised portrayal of the human needs was adapted. The diagram below suggests a more flexibe approach with no particular hiearchy.

NOTIONS OF HOME

Regardless of culture and experience, the home as a place of prospect-refuge is a common notion for everyone. Thus the needs of a home to provide this balance are that it should be: functional, social, reliable and meaningful. A;though the four needs are relevant throughout the multiple scales of home, the first two needs may largely reflect the physical integration of communities where it addresses the urban fabric of the site. The last two needs may also largely address the social integration of communities, in which this thesis investigates the importance of the dining experience that is inherent in every culture.

PROSPECT | REFUGE

DIVERSITY

DIVERSITY | MELBOURNE Today, one quarter of Victoriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s popultion were born overseas. By 2050, the population in Victoria is expected to double, and Melbourne is likely to grow with another 3.4 million people. In turn, more than 1.6 million dwellings will be needed to accomodate this growth.1 Melbourne will become even more diverse and thus the housing options should be reflective of this ever changing demographics.

10M 2050

7.7M 2050

5.3M 2014

4M Victoria

Greater Melbourne

2014

Population Growth1

180 233 Residents from

Victoriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population born overseas

countries

1. State of Victoria (2014). Plan Melbourne: Metropolitan Planning Strategy. Melbourne: Victorian Government. p6

languages and dialects spoken

1.6 million more dwellings

1. State of Victoria (2014). Plan Melbourne: Metropolitan Planning Strategy. Melbourne: Victorian Government. p5-6

DIVERSITY

DIVERSITY | FITZROY & ATHERTON HOUSING ESTATE The age profile of the Atherton Housing estate residents and the population of Fitzroy is considerably different. There are larger population of families with dependent children living in the estate compared to the Fitzroy area, where there are more young proffessional singles and couples.1

18.6% FITZROY

37.5%

Fitzroy residents born overseas

68% 49% estate residents born overseas

29.6% ATHERTON HOUSING ESTATE

32.4%

ATHERTON HOUSING ESTATE

FITZROY

ONE PARENT FAMILY

16% 12% 7.2% VIETNAM

CHINA

SUDAN

LONE PERSON HOUSEHOLD

SOMALIA

2.9% ETHIOPIA

1. ALL STATISTICS: Roberts Evaluation (2012). Social Impact Assessment: Background Report Fitzroy. Retrieved from: http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/753199/Roberts-Social-Impact-AssessmentFitzroy-Final-Report-2012.pdf. p16

DIVERSITY

BRIDGING SOCIAL CAPITAL It is highlighted that social stigma is an ongoing challenge for residents of the estate. Stigma and the perception of the estate is considered as being separate from its surroundings. Very few of the Fitzroy community would visit to socialise with estate residents or for other reasons. Many existing residents do not trust or rely on their neighbours, which indicates a relative absence of weak social ties. The estate residents tend to associate mainly within smaller social groupings based on common ethic or familial ties, and are suspicious of and have limited interactions with the broader Atherton Housing Estate and Fitzroy community. There is also a degree of conflict where social groups compete for resources (communal indoor spaces).

“I’ve lived in Fitzroy for over 20 years and to be honest with you, I have only walked through the estate a couple of times” Fitzroy resident

1. Roberts Evaluation (2012). Social Impact Assessment: Background Report Fitzroy. Retrieved from: http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/753199/Roberts-Social-Impact-Assessment-Fitzroy-FinalReport-2012.pdf. p41

Melbourne Museum

400m

800m

DIVERSITY

CRIME RATE The City of Yarra is considered one of the most dangerous districts in Melbourne with 12,400 crimes for every 100,000 residents, compared to 7,100 crimes for Greater Melbourne. However, there is a general decrease of crime rate from 2012 to 2013 in the City of Yarra, with the exeption of anti-social behaviour and other crimes1. It is said that domestic violence, assault and drug-related crime take up most police time at Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s high-rise estate2.

1. Victoria Police (2013) Crime Statistics by Local Government Area (LGA) 2011/12 and 2012/13. Retrieved from: http://www.police.vic.gov.au/content.asp?Document_ID=782 2. Donelly, B. (2013). Public Housingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Towers of Trouble. The Weekly Review Melbourne Times. Retrieved 10 August 2014, from http://www.theweeklyreviewmelbournetimes.com.au/story/1611480/ public-housings-towers-of-trouble/?cs=2229

PHYSICAL INTEGRATION

defensible space In his book, Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design, Oscar Newman argues for informal community control for crime prevention. He states the physical environment should be designed to strengthen the perception of ownership and encourage guardianship by users.1 Thus places will be safer when people feel a sense of ownership and responsibility for the community. Similarily Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), developed by Ray Jeffery, elaborated Newmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s idea further by adding the need for: natural access control, good maintenance of buildings, and activity support.

Private

Private Semi-private

Private

Private Semi-private

Semi-public

Semi-private

Private

Private Private

Private

Public Transition between public space and private space through semi-private zones

1. Newman, O (1972). Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. New York: Macmillan

Factors in creating Newmanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s defensible spaces:

Territoriality

Natural Surveillance

Image and Milieu

perception of oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s space

reduces the feeling of fear for

the urban fabric to convey

as their own

residents

a sense of security

Additional factors adapted in Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED):

Natural access control

Maintenance

Activity Support

Increasing the risk of detection of

deterioration indicates lesser

increasing the risk of detection of

criminal and undesirable activities

control of a site and a greater

criminal and undesirable activities

tolerance of disorder

PHYSICAL INTEGRATION

The Atherton Gardens estate had replaced

6 hectare block 250 buildings 8 streets

PHYSICAL INTEGRATION

1895

2014

LOSS OF STREETSCAPE Critics have argued that the modernist solutions to slums were hardly an improvement to the neighbourhood they had previously replaced. In particular, Jane Jacobs accused Le Corbusier of this planning process as inhumane and highlights that this method would only shift the problem from one place to another and destroy neighbourhoods.1 In her book, The Death and Life of Great American Cities, she argues that mixed-use and dense neighbourhoods will improve the quality of urban life and help reduce level of crime and disorder.2 Jacobs proposes the concept of â&#x20AC;&#x153;eyes of the streetsâ&#x20AC;? for crime prevention , where it can deter potential offenders from commiting a crime as there are people watching.3 For a healthy development of the city, Jacobs identifies four qualities: mixed primary use; short blocks; high density; and aged buildings. 1. Jacobs, J. (1992). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage Books. 2. ibid 3. ibid

Brunswick Street,1906

Brunswick Street, 2014

Mixed primary use

Short blocks

High density

Aged Buildings

activating streets at

allowing high pedestrian

>100 dwellings/acre

so new businesses and

different times of the day

permeability

poorer residents can afford to be there

PHYSICAL INTEGRATION

Social places in hotels/pubs 1895

Social places in F&B, 2014

BRUNSWICK STREET DEVELOPMENT Recent gentrification of Fitzroy sees a change in demographics and thus the area has found a new character and identity. New services had replaced old ones in which most working class pubs had been converted into artisan workshops, bars, cafes and restaurants. Smith Street was one of the first retail stip in Melbourne. However today, there seems to be a shift in activity centres from Smith Street to Brunswick Street. This correlates with the number of food and beverage located more along Brunswick Street in 2014. During 1895, hotels and pub were a place where social interaction would occur and as shown this was more centralised along Gertrude and Smith Street. Jan Gehl notes the importance of introducing active edges along city streets.1 The consideration of the ground floor faรงade is considered essential to create levels of interest and activity.

1. Gehl, J (2004) Places for People. Retrieved from: http://www.gehlarchitects.dk/files/pdf/Melbourne_small.pdf

PHYSICAL INTEGRATION

PROSPECT/ REFUGE

OUTDOOR FURNITURE Jan Gehl mentions “it is generally true that people and human activities attract other people”.1 He also insists that “resting is an integral part of pedestrian activity patterns” and that the outdoor lifestyle suggests an invitation for people to stay longer and thus participate in the public life of streets.2 Overall, Melbourne has seen to have doubled the number of seating in the streets which provide for social interaction. One can see Gehl’s contribution to the development of public space in the CBD shows to have some influence along Brunswick Street. There are formal street furnitures as well as planter box edges that provide opportunities for leaning and informal seating. Creating more opportunities to stop and linger enables more “eyes on the streets”. 1. Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. p23 2. ibid. p34

SMITH STREET

BRUNSWICK STREET

SMITH STREET

BRUNSWICK STREET

JOHNSTON STREET

GERTRUDE STREET

ACTIVITIES Outdoor tables

SHOPFRONT WIDTH Carpark

<6m

Stops

Residential

6m - 12m

Street furniture

Vacant lots

12m - 30m >30m

PHYSICAL INTEGRATION

COMMUNITY FACILITIES / USE AND QUALITY Resident feedback identified youth boredom as one of the key challenges in the estate. Although there are some existing facilities for children in the surrounding area, many residents feel young people living on the estate do not have their â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;ownâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; place to go. Most facilities were rated good or average quality by the estate residents, with the exception of the Housing Office and the IT Hub. The main reasons for the dissatisfication of the IT Hub is due to the quality of internet connection provided and associated charges, rather than the physical environment itself. The residents value the comunity facilities, but also regards the existing infrastructure as ageing and in need of repair.2 1. Roberts Evaluation (2012). Social Impact Assessment: Background Report Fitzroy. Retrieved from: http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/753199/Roberts-Social-Impact-Assessment-Fitzroy-FinalReport-2012.pdf. p19 2. ibid. p48 3. Capire Consulting Group (2011). Fitzroy Housing Estate: Stakeholder Engagement Phase 1. Retrieved from: http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/888091/Fitzroy-Phase-1-stakeholder-engagement-fullreport.pdf, p27-29

MOOR STREET

Fitzroy Library Sacred Heart Catholic Primary

Fitzroy Police

Atherton Childrens Hub The Cubbies

Fitzroy Town Hall

Acacia Fitzroy Creche

Yarra Community Youth Centre

Napier Street Child and Family Resource

Atherton Gardens Kindergarten

Annie Todd Children’s Centre East West Child Care

Playground

GORE STREET

BBQ

NAPIER STREET

BRUNSWICK STREET

IT Hub

GEORGE STREET

Playground

Basketball Community Garden

Meeting rooms Community Children services

GERTRUDE STREET

POOR

GOOD

AVERAGE

Formal open space

Housing Office

Community Hall-Room

86.5%

68.1%

Most used in last 12 months

Community Children’s Playground Garden 44.4%

43.5%

BBQ Facilities

Basketball Court

Soccer Ground

IT Hub

38.2%

32.4%

30.4%

2.4%

Least used in last 12 months

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

THE IMPORTANCE OF SHARING A MEAL Michael Pollan suggests eating together can teach children skills and manners to get along in society. These can include learning: How to share. To take turns. To argue without fighting and insulting other people. To develop communciation. Some research indicates frequent family meals can lead to reduced risks of drug use in young adolescences.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The family meal is the nursery of democracy.â&#x20AC;? Michael Pollan .

communication

learning to share

food preparation teaches the value of working together

social etiquette

health and well being

happier mental states

1. Johnson, R. (2013). Michael Pollan: Why the family meal is crucial to civilisation. The Guardian. Retrieved 10 August 2014, from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/may/25/michael-pollan-family-mealcivilisation

THE IMPORTANCE OF SHARING A CONVERSATION Sherry Turkle argues “we live in a technological universe in which we are always communicating. And yet we have sacrificed conversation for mere connection”1. She further notes face-to-face conversation unfolds slowly and teaches us patience. In contrast, we learn different habits when we communicate on our devices. Through the instant social connection, we start expecting faster answers. In order to get these, we ask one another simpler questions; we dumb down our communications, even on the most important matters.2

1. Turkle, S. (2012, February). Sherry Turkle: Connected, but alone? [Video file]. Retrieved from h􀆩 ps://www.ted.com/talks/sherry_turkle_alone_together 2. Turkle, S. (2011). Alone Together (1st ed.). New York: Basic Books.

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

SOCIAL ISOLATION In her book, Alone Together, Sherry Turkle argues technology has become the “architect of our intimacies”.1 She highlights today’s technology of sociable robots and networks have disrupted the value society puts to face-to-face human connections. In her 15 years of research, she observed people have become lonely but are fearful of intimacy. They would rather text than talk as one is able to “process” people as quickly as one wish to.2 The instant connection to the virtual world has formed an inseparable attachment of people to their devices, and thus prompted several recent films responding to this online generation. Such example of film include “Look up” by Gary Turk3 and “I Forgot My Phone” by Miles Crawford4, both showcasing the lack of face-to-face communication in today’s society, where people are too busy looking down on their phones to the extent that they socially isolate themselves. This habit of looking down is one of the reasons that led Google to develop Project Glass. The design of Glass aim to free ones hands, eyes, and ears so that one can be more active and keep in the present moment.5 However, its ease of accessing and gathering data has caused controversial issues, especially with privacy. One would also ask, if we are already distracted with the internet at a click away, how are we to behave in public when distraction will only be an eye movement away? Will we become even more socially isolated without us even noticing? Scientific studies have shown social isolation as comparably destructive as smoking 15 cigarettes a day or being alcoholic, and twice as bad as being obese. In a review of 148 previous studies that includes 308,000 participants; found that individuals with adequate social relationships have 50% greater likelihood of survival compared to more socially isolated people.6 In Australia, social isolation is proven to be a problem for older generations. Those with disabilities and are unable to use a car are not able to simply access their community. They will be at a disadvantage.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Turkle, S. (2011). Alone Together (1st ed.). New York: Basic Books. p1 ibid Turk, G [Gary Turk] (2014, April 25) Look up. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7dLU6fk9QY Crawford, M [charstarleneTV] (2013, Auguset 22) I Forgot My Phone. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OINa46HeWg8 Brin, S (2013, March) Sergey Brin: Why Google Glass? [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/sergey_brin_why_google_glass Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Layton JB (2010) Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review. PLoS Med 7(7): e1000316. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316. Retrieved from h􀆩 p://www.plosmedicine. org/ar􀆟 cle/fetchObject.ac􀆟 on?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000316&representa􀆟 on=PDF

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

FAMILY MEALS IN DIFFERENT CULTURES The term family does not necessarily mean only nuclear families, but it can refer to extended family members and close friends and acquaintances. Sharing a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;familyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; meal round one table can range in different cultures and environment. This can vary from being in the garden, kitchen top, or a restaurant. In some cultures, particularily in Asia, there is a close relationship with the floor. In most African cultures and some part of Malaysia, sharing a plate with 4/5 people is a tradition.

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

DINING TABLE OF VARIOUS CULTURES

“Increasing Disorder at a Dinner Table” by Sarah Wigglesworth and Jeremy Till

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

DINING TABLE Proxemics by Edward Hall1

1. Hall, E.T. (1969) The Hidden Dimension. New York: Doubleday 2. Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for people. Washington, DC: Island Press.

“people look ‘less alone’ while seated at a round table.” Karen Blumenthal

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

COMMUNAL HOUSING Narkomfin Building, 1932

The Narkomfin building is a renowned example of Constructivist

Moscow, Russia

architecture and avant-garde interior planning. The apartments

Architect: OSA Group (Moisei

were designed to encourage collective living, through offering

Ginzburg and Ignaty Milinis)

communal facilities such as kitchens, day care centre, library, gym and laundry. Each dwelling units are provided with only the

54 Units

basic living and sleeping spaces. Very few units included a small kitchenette, with the rest of the units are to share the communal kitchen. Although this project aim to act as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;social condensersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, its seperation of the communal facilities and provision of minimal,

1. Dining Hall, Childcare Facilities 2. Internal street 3. Dwelling Unit

if any, kitchen and dining, ensures too much prospect and little refuge in the apartments

1 4 2

2 1

Typical Plan 1. Internal street 2. Entrance 3. Living room 4. Bedroom

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

COMMUNAL HOUSING MISS SARGFABRIK, 2000

Miss Sargfabrik is a collective housing development, in which the

Vienna, Austria

tenants formed a cooperative and approached the government for

Architect: BKK-3 Architects

additional funding. The project offers 20% more common areas than social housing, these include: a library, IT space, community

39 Units

kitchen and dining area for event use, laundry and a clubroom for teenagers. There is a slightly more balanced proportion of prospect and refuge in this project compared to the Narcomfin building...

3 2

1. Internal street 2. Living room 3. Kitchen 4. Bedroom 5. Communal Lounge Typical Plan

Section: ramped floors in common areas.

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

LOCAL CASE STUDY: APARTMENTS 1. Storage 2. Preparation 3. Cooking 4. Consumption 5. Washing

Tip Top: Silo Melbourne

Tip Top: Stables Melbourne

QV8 Melbourne

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDY: APARTMENTS 1. Storage 2. Preparation 3. Cooking 4. Consumption 5. Washing

B端lachhof Marc Langenegger Zurich

3 4 1

2 5

Hannibal Road Gardens Peter Barber Architects London

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

program relationship

SOCIAL INTEGRATION

The kitchen and dining area in apartment units are usually the more public space where one usually does not mind being open to the public. Yet the apartment examples in Melbourne have these areas more secluded and thus there is limited interactions between the immediate neighbours.

HOME as a balance of PROSPECT & REFUGE

MELBOURNE as a balance of

FITZROY as a balance of

PROSPECT & REFUGE

STREET as a balance of

DWELLING as a balance of

ROOM as a balance of

PROSPECT & REFUGE

MELBOURNE as a balance of PROSPECT & REFUGE

PROSPECT - REFUGE | XL - MELBOURNE

The Ausssie barbie is a significant tradition in Australian culture. Similarly festivals and events that celebrate the diversity of food are increasingly becoming part of Australiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s growing food culture. As food is quite inherent in all cultures, it is a good way to understand the different cultures and also a way to engage with friends, family and the broader community.

FITZROY as a balance of PROSPECT & REFUGE

PROSPECT - REFUGE | l - Fitzroy

1. Defining major axis.

2. Reinforcing prospects along edges

including the alignment towards Melbourne Museum, and one towards Fitzroy Town Hall.

Extending the retail strip along Brunswick Street and Gertrude Street. Residential apartments will be on the upper levels (4-5 storeys).

3. Central refuge

4. Permeability

Residential zones are allocated towards the inner part of the site. Community hub and culinary school is located in the centre so it is accessible to the residential zones

Providing shorter blocks to make the site more permeable from the broader community.

PROSPECT - REFUGE | l - Fitzroy

TOWNHOUSE 170

/ ha

h: 10-13m 75% social 25% private

APARTMENTS 280

/ ha

h: 15-18m 75% social 25% private

No. units (Townhouses): 170 No. units (Apartments): 672 Total no dwellings: 842

Residential The townhouse, which can be considered more family orientated than the apartments are located to the more Northern side of the site as it is closer to the childcare facilities and community hub. Also, the apartments are higher than the townhouses and thus are more suitable to be at the Southern side of the site to avoid overshadowing.

PROSPECT - REFUGE | l - Fitzroy

Shared zone (pedestrian priority)

Private Transportation The design of the street grid allows permeability and traffic to flow through the site to promote more â&#x20AC;&#x153;eyes on the streetâ&#x20AC;?. Thus encouraging the some perception of saftey. There is, however, different level of street hierarchy, where it gives more priority for pedestrians. This is predominantly located at the internal residential street.

5 min

Dedicated lane for Bicycles Tram Stop Carshare parking space

Public Transportation As the site is located close to public transport, there is limited parking space. Instead, the masterplan has included a carsharing scheme that is located conveniently across the site.

PROSPECT - REFUGE | l - Fitzroy

1. Expansion of community garden open to the wider community of Fitzroy

2. Culinary school provide opportunities to develop skills

3. Market. opportunity to support local economy

Program The various scale of open spaces aim to facilitate a sense of ownership between the residences. The central location of the community hub (IT, communal rooms and library) and the culinary school ensures direct access to adjacent public park, community garden and neighbouring residences.

phasing strategy

Phase 1 • Replacing the 2 tower blocks that are adjacent to Brunswick Street • The carpark building is removed to provide more open space • Expansion of the community garden to the northern side

Phase 2 • Replacing the remaining 2 towers that are adjacent to Napier Street with community hub and culinary school and apartments. • Relocation and expansion of the childcare facility to provide space for the sports facilities. This open space is recommended as it has direct relationship with the adjacent Town Hall. The space has the option to hold events.

STREET as a balance of PROSPECT & REFUGE

PROSPECT - REFUGE | M - STREET

The notion of prospect-refuge in a home is also brought forward in its architectural language. The concept derives its idea from looking at how animals in the natural habitat seek refuge in caves and enclosures. Thus the dwellings’ exterior is considered as a solid structure, which is portrayed by the fibre-cement material. However the interior ‘refuge’ space and where outdoor social interaction occurs is contrasted with a warm timber palette.

PROSPECT - REFUGE | M - STREET

TOWNHOUSE The approach to creating the internal â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;refugeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; space can be seen through the row-house and townhouse typology. However, due to its orientation, it created issues with the central space being overshadowed all day in the winter season. Thus the design of the townhouses was driven by the need to optimise natural light into the central courtyard spaces and creating further pocket spaces.

1. Overshadowed spaces The outdoor space is overshadowed throughout the day during the winter season

2. Side courtyard

3. Back-to-back

The outdoor space is allocated adjacent to the dwellings, allowing light into the central space.

The dwellings are merged together to be more efficient whilst still mainting the units to have dual aspect.

4. Optimising northern lights Slight angles to the dwellings to maximise natural light into the courtyard.

5. Enclosed spaces Enclosing the courtyard for more privacy and create pocket spaces in the upper units

PROSPECT - REFUGE | M - STREET

apartments Similar approach has been done in the shaping of the apartments. The overall concept of the apartments is to bring some essence of “street life” and the notion of the “front yard” into the corridor spaces of the apatment typology.

1. Commercial

2. Streetlife

Apartments adjacent to Brunswick Street and Gertrude Street will have retail/commercial allocated on the ground floor. Elsewhere, these spaces are allocated for communal facilities.

incorporating â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;streetlifeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; into the corridors and making it open to the outdoors

3. Carving the prospects

4. Extending the refuge

widening the corridor to allow space for residents to use as their balcony

This extension is in response to capturing as much Northern light into the bedrooms. The altering facade adds depth to the street frontage.

PROSPECT - REFUGE | M - STREET

Ground floor plan

100

101

PROSPECT - REFUGE | M - STREET

typical floor plan

102

103

PROSPECT - REFUGE | M - STREET

section

section aa’

section bb’

104

105

DWELLING as a balance of PROSPECT & REFUGE

PROSPECT - REFUGE | S - DWELLING

The arrangement of the units are designed so that residents are able to build trust and familiar relationships through giving them subtle opportunities to socially interact, without feeling too awkward. This is done through using the kitchen and dining areas as the mediator between the neighbours.

108

STUDIO 1 BED 2 BED 3 BED COMMUNAL LOUNGE/KITCHEN

109

PROSPECT - REFUGE | S - DWELLING

unit typologies | Townhouse

39m2

37m2

2pax

Unit TS-01

Unit TS-02

Suitable for a single or couple household who enjoys the flexible use of space to entertain guests. The bed can be concealed with screens, which enables privacy from the living area.

Suitable for single or couple household who enjoys more privacy.

110

60m2

72m2

2pax

3pax

Unit T1B-01

Unit T1B-02

Suitable for single or couple household. The dining booth allows more intimate dining experience with views scross the courtyard.

Suitable for live-work household. The smaller bedroom can be converted to a study or office. The larger dining table can be used as a bigger workspace or a meeting table for clients.

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PROSPECT - REFUGE | S - DWELLING

unit typologies | Townhouse

80m2

4pax

Unit T2B-01

Unit T2B-02

Suitable for a couple or small family household who prefers larger bedrooms.

Suitable for couple or small family household who prioritises more living and dining space and less sleeping space. The living room has the option to extend out towards the courtyard

112

100m2 6pax

Unit T3B-D A duplex suitable for medium family household.

113

PROSPECT - REFUGE | S - DWELLING

unit typologies | Apartments

Community garden Common kitchen for larger event space Laundry

Communal lounge

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115

55m2 2pax

Unit A1B Suitable for single or couple household

75m2 4pax

Unit A2B Suitable for couple or small family household

100m2 6pax

Unit A3B Suitable for medium family household

ROOM as a balance of PROSPECT & REFUGE

PROSPECT - REFUGE | xS - room

The spatial sequence of the individual spaces are designed so that when one enters the units, they will move from a more social space (prospect) to the more secluded space (refuge). Within each of these spaces there are also elements that offers prospect-refuge, which allows the residents further opportunities to interact or retreat.

118

Prospect | Living, kitchen, dining

Refuge | Bedroom

119

PROSPECT - REFUGE | xS - room

apartments

Intimacy Gradient

personal and social Space Personal Space - 1.2m Social Space - 3.6m

120

unit plan

section

121

PROSPECT - REFUGE | xS - room

apartments

122

123

PROSPECT - REFUGE | xS - room

townhouse

intimacy gradient

personal and social Space 1.2m - Personal Space 3.6m - Social Space 7.5m - Public Space

124

câ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

unit plan

125

PROSPECT - REFUGE | xS - room

TOWNHOUSE

section cc’ 0m

126

127

- softwood timber vertical panels - horizontal batten - DPM - sheep wool insulation - softwood timber wall panel

- fibre cement panels - vertical profile - DPM - sheep wool insulation - softwood timber wall panel

PROSPECT - REFUGE | xS - room

townhouse

128

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bibiliography

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adams, R. (2010). Transforming Australian Cities for a more Financially Viable and Sustainable Future. Retrieved from: https://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/AboutMelbourne/Statistics/Documents/TransformingCitiesMay2010.pdf Appleton, J (1996). The Experience of Landscape. New York: Wiley Brin, S (2013, March) Sergey Brin: Why Google Glass? [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/ sergey_brin_why_google_glass Capire Consulting Group (2011). Fitzroy Housing Estate: Stakeholder Engagement Phase 1. Retrieved from: http://www.dhs.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/888091/Fitzroy-Phase-1-stakeholder-engagementfull-report.pdf Crawford, M [charstarleneTV] (2013, Auguset 22) I Forgot My Phone. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=OINa46HeWg8 Donelly, B. (2013). Public Housingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Towers of Trouble. The Weekly Review Melbourne Times. Retrieved 10 August 2014, from http://www.theweeklyreviewmelbournetimes.com.au/story/1611480/public-housingstowers-of-trouble/?cs=2229 Fisher, B & Nasar, J (1992). Fear of crime in relation to three exterior site features (1st ed.). Sage Publications. Retrieved

from:

http://www.academia.edu/3135254/Fear_of_crime_in_relation_to_three_exterior_site_

features Gehl, J. (2010). Cities for People. Washington, DC: Island Press. Gehl, J. (1987). Life Between Buildings. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Gehl, J (2004) Places for People. Retrieved from: http://www.gehlarchitects.dk/files/pdf/Melbourne_small.pdf Hall, E.T. (1969) The Hidden Dimension. New York: Doubleday

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Holt-Lunstad J, Smith TB, Layton JB (2010) Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review. PLoS Med 7(7): e1000316. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316. Retrieved from h􀆩 p://www.plosmedicine. org/ar􀆟

cle/fetchObject.ac􀆟

on?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1000316&representa􀆟

on=PDF Jacobs, J. (1992). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage Books. Johnson, R. (2013). Michael Pollan: Why the family meal is crucial to civilisation. the Guardian. Retrieved 10 August 2014, from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/may/25/michael-pollan-family-mealcivilisation Mallet, S (2004), ‘Understanding Home’ in The Sociological Review. (Volume 52, Issue 1, pages 62–89, February 2004). Retrieved from: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2004.00442.x/abstract Maslow, A.H. (1943). A Theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–96. Retrieved from http:// psychclassics.yorku.ca/Maslow/motivation.htm Newman, O (1972). Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. New York: Macmillan Roberts Evaluation (2012). Social Impact Assessment: Background Report Fitzroy. Retrieved from: http:// www.dhs.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/753199/Roberts-Social-Impact-Assessment-Fitzroy-FinalReport-2012.pdf SGS Economics and Planning (2002). Safety and Security on Public Housing Estates. Retrieved from: http:// www.collingwood.vic.au/sites/default/files/Safety%20and%20Security%20on%20Public%20Housing%20 Estates_0.pdf State of Victoria (2014). Plan Melbourne: Metropolitan Planning Strategy. Melbourne: Victorian Government. The Monthly Video (2013, May 2) Cities for People: A lecture by Jan Gehl. [Video file]. Retrieved from: https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=KL_RYm8zs28

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Turkle, S. (2011). Alone Together (1st ed.). New York: Basic Books. Turkle, S. (2012, February). Sherry Turkle: Connected, but alone? [Video file]. Retrieved from hô&#x20AC;&#x2020;Š ps://www.ted. com/talks/sherry_turkle_alone_together Turk, G [Gary Turk] (2014, April 25) Look up. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Z7dLU6fk9QY Victoria Police (2013) Crime Statistics by Local Government Area (LGA) 2011/12 and 2012/13. Retrieved from: http://www.police.vic.gov.au/content.asp?Document_ID=782 White, G F (2006). Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design: How investing in physical and social capital makes communities safer. New York: Edwin Mellen Press

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