BATTLESHIP (2012) MOVIE REVIEW by Farhana Isa

GROUP ASSIGNMENT (PART B)

ICP 823 PREPARED FOR : Ts Dr Mohd Ashraf Bin Mohd Fateh

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Assignment Brief Referring to any Movie in the market, kindly identify and elaborate two (2) issues in management / managing people concerning Part B syllabus. From the two (2) issues identified, proposed an ideal solution for each issues and justify accordingly. Prepare with a proper format and citation (if any). You may come up with any relevant example if necessary. Thus this paper will focus on two (2) issues in related to: • Leadership and Motivation Theories • Communication and Conflict Management

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Contents Â

1.0

Introduction

1.1 1.2

Movie Background Movie Synopsis

2.0

Character Analysis

2.1 2.2 2.3

Motivation & Leadership

2.1.1 2.2.1 2.2.2

3.2

4.0 4.1 4.2

What is Leadership Theory of Leadership Type of Leadership

Character Analyze

3.0 3.1

What is Motivation

Communication & Conflict Management Communication

3.1.1

Categories of Communication

3.1.2

Effectiveness of Communication Skills and Lesson Learn form the Movie

3.1.3

Display Interpersonal Skills

Conflict Management

3.2.1

Definitions of Conflict & Conflict Management

3.2.2

Type of Conflicts

3.2.3

Type of Conflict Management

Conclusion Movie summarize Lesson Learnt Hak Milik Universiti Teknologi Mara

1.0 | INTRODUCTION 1. 0 1.1 | Movie Background Tittle

Battleship

Release Date

April 12, 2012

Directed By :

Peter Berg

Produced By :

Peter Berg, Brian Goldner, Sarah Aubrey, Duncan Henderson, Bennett Schneir.

Written By

Jon Hoeber, Erich Hoeber

Music By

Steve Jablonsky

Running time

131 Minutes

Budget

220 Million

STARRING Main Lead Character Taylor Kitsch as Lieutenant (Lieutenant Commander-select) Alex Hopper, an undisciplined, hothead, ex-enlisted U.S. Navy officer assigned to the guided-missile destroyer USS John Paul Jones as Tactical Action Officer

Alexander Skarsgard as Commander Stone Hopper, Alexâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s older brother, Commanding Officer of USS Sampson. He loses while fighting with the aliens.

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1.0 | INTRODUCTION 1. 0 1.1 | Movie Background Con’t STARRING Rihanna as Gunner's Mate Second Class (GM2) Cora Raikes, a weapons specialist aboard John Paul Jones

Brooklyn Decker as Samantha "Sam" Shane, a physical therapist and Alex Hopper's girlfriend. She Also the daughter of Admiral Terrance Shane.

Tadanobu Asano as Captain Nagata, JMSDF, Commanding Officer of JDS Myōkō. He had a conflict with the Alex Hopper before fierce the fighting ensued between the aliens and human.

Hamish Linklater played as Cal Zapata is a scientist working in O'ahu, Hawaii together with Danny, Cal's Jr. Tech. At their station, they were caught by the aliens where Cal was able to escape and Danny was killed back there. He found Mick and Sam calling for help.

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1.0 | INTRODUCTION 1. 0 1.1 | Movie Background Conâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t STARRING Gregory D. Gadson as Lieutenant Colonel Mick Canales is an Army combat veteran and double amputee. Ever since he lost both of his legs he feels like he is half a man and his new physical therapist Samantha Shane tries to help him overcome this.

Admiral Terrance Shane portrayed by Liam Neeson, is an Admiral in the United States Navy. He is the father of Samantha Shane and the direct superior of both Hooperâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s brother.

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1.0 | INTRODUCTION 1. 0 1.2 | Movie Synopsis Project in 2005, When the NASA built a

five alien spacecraft arrive at earth in

communication array with the planet G and

responding the signal from NASA. On

Earth because they found the similarity

their way to the earth the communication

between the planet G and earth. They

ship colliding with a satellite and

discover the Planet G to be potentially

damaged. The communication ship

habitable planet after the earth. After a

crashes in Hong Kong while another four

year in Hawaii, the transmission to the

plunges into the water at Hawaii Island.

planet had been designed for establish

Sampson, John Paul Jones, and Japanese

contacting with any intelligent life there.

destroyer JDS Myoko receiving ordered

Meanwhile, Commander Stone force his

by Admiral Shane to investigate the

brother Alex Hopper to join the U.S navy to

floating structure. When the structure

improve his live after he get arrested while

touched by the Alex, it responds and

attempting to impress of U.S Pacific Fleet

generate a force field that enclosed the

Commander Admiral daughter, which is

Hawaii Island. It is also isolating them

Sam Shane.

and the three destroyers from the rest of

After a couple of years, Alex and Sam are in relationship together now and Alex serves as a lieutenant aboard John Paul Jones had been disrespectful by others crew because of his attitude. His brother commander stone is the commanding officer for USS Sampson and receiving the news that Alex being discharge from the navy of disciplinary issues. The Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC) in Hawaiian will be the last exercise for him to join the Rim.

the world by jamming the all radar and communication in it. Three alien warships surface and in a resultant

CONFLICT

During the RIMPAC Exercise,

THE

EXPOSITION

This movie started with Beacon

engagement, Sampson was sunk and Commander Stone with his crew are lost, Myoko is destroyed and the command crew of John Poul Jones are Killed. Alex is the next senior officer reluctantly to assuming command Jones Paul Jones to recover the survivors from Myoko including commanding officer, Captain Yugi Nagata are rescued from the water. Alex and Yuri Nagata did not have a good relation after he inadvertently kicked Alex in the face during a soccer match earlier.

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1.0 | INTRODUCTION 1. 0 1.2 | Movie Synopsis Con’t America in setting up a discreet way to

and board the USS Missori, a 70-year old

track the aliens using wave-detection buoys.

decommissioned battleship that has been

During a night-time battle, the aliens and

converted into a museum, but main

the John Paul Jones exchange pot shots,

battery of 16” naval rifles. Alex with aid

but Hopper manages to sink two alien ships.

of the retired veterans going to

They rescue an alien from the water and

communication array, they confronted by

discover the aliens are very sensitive to sun

the floating structure and Missouri is

light and have to wear filters during the

able to severely damage the mothership.

day. Using this knowledge, Hopper attacks

Alex chooses to use the Missouri's last

another alien ship at dawn, using a sniper

shell to destroy the communications

rifle with Nagata to breach their cockpit

array, rendering The Missouri

window and blind them with sunlight. Both

defenceless from drones launched by the

ships are destroyed in the battle.

foundering mothership. Just before

ACTION

The survivors return to Pearl Harbour

FALLING

CLIMAX

Captain Yuri Nagata assists the

impact, the drones are destroyed by Royal Australian Air Force Boeing F/AEarlier, the group of alien foot soldier was attacked the NASA communication array. Sam and double

18 fighter jets which then finish off the mothership, saving Missouri and eliminating the alien threat.

hike. After becoming aware of aliens, they

Back on Shore, a ceremony is held the

avoid their detection and run into fleering NASA scientist. The scientist Cal Zapata informs them the aliens communications ship crashed in Hong Kong and they plan to use the NASA array to signal their home planet to invade Earth. Ashore, Sam, Nick

honour military personnel, the crew and mick all get the medal. Admiral Shane promises Alex will soon have a ship of his own while he is also offered a chance to become a Navy SEAL.

and Zapata recover his spectrum analyser from the aliens and use it communicate to

RESOLUTION

amputee Mick Canales on the mountain

radio John Paul Jones to inform the Alex that the aliens intend military telecommunication with their own planet in four hours. Hak Milik Universiti Teknologi Mara

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.1 | Motivation & Leadership 2.1.1 | What is Motivation Most familiar motivation theories are Maslow’s Hierarchy of need, Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene (two-factor) Theory, McGregor’s XY Theories and McClelland’s Need for achievement Theory (Pardee, 1990)

2.1.1.1 | Theory Motivation

Maslow’s Hierarchy of need

This needs hierarchy systems that introduced by Abraham Maslow is a classifying human motives that involves five categories that is physical needs (Physiological needs), safety needs (safety and security), social needs (Belonging and loves), Ego needs (Self-esteem – status) and self-actualization needs (Pardee, 1990; Motivation Theories [5 famous Motivation Theories], n.d.). Maslow highlighted that lower level of needs, needs to take priority first before the others are activated ("Motivation", n.d.)

Figure 2.1 : Maslow's Hierarchy of Need (Motivation Theories [5 famous Motivation Theories], n.d)

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.1.1.1 | Theory Motivation Cont.’

Herzberg’s Motivation / Hygiene (two-factor)

McGregor’s XY Theories

Herzberg highlight two factors of

Two aspect under this theory are

motivation that is hygiene factors and

categorized under Theory X and Theory Y

motivators ("Motivation", n.d.). Herzberg

where both people exist, and they must be

conclude that the job satisfaction and

managed accordingly. The idea of the

dissatisfaction are the products of two

leader’s attitude have impact on employee

different factors that is motivating factors

motivation a proposed by Dougles Mc

(satisfiers) and hygiene factors

Gregor (McGregor’s Theory X and Theory

(dissatisfiers) (Pardee,1990). The aspect of

Y, n.d). For theory X (negative), workers

hygiene is to make sure employee is not

are inherently lazy, self-centres and

dissatisfied while motivation factors are in

lacking ambition so there is a need a top

order for ensuring employees’ satisfaction

down control and a strong management

(company policy and administration,

style while for Theory Y (positive), workers

supervision, interpersonal relation,

are motivating and eager to accept

working conditions, salary, status and

responsibility. In this aspect, it is focusing

security) and employee’s motivation for

on creating productive work environment

high performance (achievement,

include with reward and reinforcement

recognition, work itself, responsibility,

(Motivation Theories [5 famous Motivation

advancement, growth) (Motivation

Theories], n.d.; Business Jargons. (2020).

Theories [5 famous Motivation Theories], n.d.).

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.1.1.1 | Theory Motivation Cont.’

McClelland’s Need for achievement Theory

The concept that highlight in this theory, when the need is strong it tends to affect the motivation of the person to use the behaviour that leads to the satisfaction of needs (Pardee, 1990). Three motivation drivers are achievement, affiliation and power. (Motivation Theories [5 famous Motivation Theories], n.d.). Through achievement, people are seek to excel and avoid low risk and high risk situation where the focusing towards see the outcome rather than own’s effort while for affiliation aspect, people need harmonious relationship with other people and need to feel accepted by others. For power, people have intention towards the personal and institutional effort towards ability to influence others (McClelland - Theory of Needs, n.d.)

Figure 2.2 : McClelland’s Motivational Framework.

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.2 | What is Leadership Technically past researcher had come out with 7 different theories for Leadership management which are “Great Man” theories, Trait theories, Contingency theories, Style and Behavioral theories, Participative theories, Management theories, and Relationship theories.

2.2.1 | Theory Leadership

"Great Man" Theories

Great leaders are born, not made (Cherry, 2019). This leadership theories highlighted by Thomas Calyle that this ‘Great Man theory’ and those people that are born with heroic potential are will become a leader (Nawaz & Khan, 2020) where they have internal characteristics like charisma, confidence, intelligent and social skills and these characteristics are natural born (Cherry, 2019). Two aspect that had been highlighted by these theories are great leaders are born possessing certain traits that ensure them to rise and lead and great leaders can arise when the need for them is great (The great man theory, 2019).

Trait Theories

Traits theories are quite similar with ‘great man theories’ where this theory highlight that leaders are born with certain physical traits and personality characteristics that differ them from the non-leaders (Nawaz & Khan, 2020). Three item that had been mentioned in these theories are certain traits need the certain pattern of behaviour, pattern is consistent by different situation and people are born with leadership traits. This mentioned that the traits theories like self-confidence, extroversion, and courage all the traits are potentially link to a great leader (Cherry, 2019).

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.2.1 | Theory Leadership Cont’

Contingency Theories

Style & Behavioural Theories

There is no leadership style that suit all

Behaviour theories are different with the

the condition (Cherry, 2019). This

“Greatman theories”. In this theory, they

contingency theory mentioned that no

believe that leaders are made but not born

leadership style is isolated to themselves

where people can made to become leaders

only but it depends on factors like quality,

through teaching and observation (Cherry,

followers’ situatio n a n d n u m b e r s o f

2019). These advantages are it allow

variables. This theory mentioned that

leader to be more flexible based on

there is no single right way to lead due to

circumstances and anyone is capable to be

there are internal and external factor that

a leader. It focussed on how the leader

ensure the leader to adapt in the

behave and the traits can b e c o p i e d

particular situation (Nawaz & Khan, 2020).

another leader. It is also called style

A good leader in this theory are able to

theory where leaders aren’t born

access the need of their followers, taking

successful but can be created with

stock of the situation and adjust the

learnable behaviour (Leadership Theories

behaviour accordingly (Cherry, 2019).

and style, 2020). Also mentioned, example of this behavioural theory to show the flexibility is when there is issue, taskoriented leader will look at the process and adjust while people-oriented leader, will looks at the person in charge and asking what is the issue.

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.2.1 | Theory Leadership Contâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

5 Participative Theories

Management Theories

Participative theory also called democratic

Management Theories are called

leadership where this leadership theories

transactional th e o r i e s a r e b a s e d o n

suggest employee involve in the decision

systems of reward and punishments that

making. This leader gathers the ideas and

focus on role of supervision, organization

takes all the suggestion and comes out

and group performance where it is based

with best possible action where through

on systems rewards and punishments

this type of motivation it will motivate

(Cherry, 2019). Followers are rewarded

employee when they are involved in

and recognized by completing and

making decision (Leadership Theories and

accomplishing agreed upon objective. This

style, 2020). Although it is been issued

reward include merit increase, bonusses

that raised through this style, leaders are

and work achievement (Bass and Avolion,

seen week and they will not have the best

1994) but when they get fail, they may got

outcome because the decision will follow

punish. This consequences and

what people needs not the company or

punishment however tend to decrease

project need Leadership Theories and style

morale i n o r g a n i z a t i o n ( L e a d e r s h i p

(2020), but here the leader are the one that

Theories and style, 2020).

retain the right to include the inputs (Cherry, 2019).

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.2.1 | Theory Leadership Contâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Relationship Theories

Relationship theories are also called transformational theories where in this theory it focusses on the relationship or connection between the leaders and followers. Leaders will motivate and inspire people by guiding the group members to see the best alternative (Cherry, 2019). Leader will act as a mentor for employees and focussing on positive work environment and will resulting in most effective towards the employees tends to contribute growth in employees and encourage employees to stay longer in an organization (Leadership Theories and style, 2020).

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.2.2 | Type of Leadership

Autocratic

Autocratic theories are mentioned as rarely effective. This type of leadership is inverse from the democratise leadership where leaders will make decision without any inputs from the other people including the employees (Becker, n.d). These theories use the concept â&#x20AC;&#x153;I tellâ&#x20AC;? philosophy where leaders will instruct the followers what to do. This will give a clear direction, but the disadvantages are manager lead to ignore inputs from team (Iqbal et al., 2015). It is also mentioned by them that this type of leadership is useful when require a crisis or urgent problem that require immediate response. Orders are usually given to the followers without any explanation for the reasons (Iqbal et al., 2015). Adolf Hitler the legendary German politician and leader of the Nazi Party was the example of Autocratic leader in this world. While for current time, Donald Trump are the perfect example practicing Autocratic leadership style.

Democratic & Participative

Democratic leaders considered most effective leadership style where the leader will make decision based on the inputs from each of the team member and the leader will decide the final decision (Becker, n.d). The opinions are taken from the group and are used for the consideration to decide the decision (Iqbal et al., 2015). It is considered most effective as there are contribution of ideas from the followers. It will encourage the group member to participate but retain the final say to the leader (Cherry, 2006) Figure 2.3 : Adolf Hitler

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.2.2 | Type of Leadership

Laissez-Faire Leader

Laissez-Faire are a French term that mean “let them do” where the leaders putting fully trust on the employees while leader focussing on managing the company. Although this type of leadership is discussed that this type of leadership that

“

If one rejects Laissez-Faire on account of

mans fallibility and moral weakness, one

must for the same reason also reject every kind of government action.

did not have any standard policies or guideline but on negative side, it tends to limit the development and overlook the

- Ludwig von Mises -

”

company opportunity to growth (Becker, n.d). Team members will be exposed and suffer for lack of communication, feedback for improvement and unable to meet the company/ project objective (Al Maliki & Juan, 2018). Among the famous leader with this leadership style are Queen Victoria and Warren Buffet.

Figure 2.4 : Queen Victoria

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.3 | Character Analyze Leadership and motivational trades are tremendously shown by different characters in this movie. Every scene and every character play a vital role to enhance the leadership skill within their credibility. Despite all the crisis and challenge they were facing during combat battle with alien invasion, they shown their key value in harmony manner due to good leadership with courageous and discipline. Below will analyse about main character of Battleship movie in terms of leadership and motivational skills. The study by Smith and Cooper, C. (1994) analysed the relationship between leadership character and stress or conflict they are facing. Perhaps this analysis aims to identify whether conflict has a significant influence on the behaviour of those characters.

Taylor Kitsch as Lieutenant Commander Alex Hopper The main character is Lieutenant Alex Hopper which portrayed by Taylor Kitsch who

shown a hot temper attitude, undisciplined navy officer and at the end of career at the early stage of story. Despite with all the talent he had, it seems been drain away due to disrespectful action during football exhibition game between United State of America and Japan navy forces. He had been knocking out at the stoppage time and refused to give penalty taken by other teammate despite his incompetency. He stubbornness costs his team a victory in a soccer game. As result, they lose the match with only one goal deficit. In this scene it shown that Alex Hopper not only fail to show good leadership to his subordinate but fail to manage himself due to egoistic. Clearly, he fails to do the right thing during that soccer match. Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things (Peter F. Drucker).

Figure 2.5 : Alex Hopper during Football Match Hak Milik Universiti Teknologi Mara

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.3 | Character Analyze Even though Alex Hopper is one of navy officer which successfully promoted to one of high rank officer in shortage time. He is now a Lieutenant Rank Officer that had been disrespectful by his own crew due to his lack of leadership skill under normal circumstances. Before alien invasion and death of high rank officer, he was a Tactical Action Officer aboard John Paul Jones battleship. During the Rim of the Pacific Exercise (RIMPAC) in Hawaii, Alex Hopper is in danger of being discharge from the US Navy told by Admiral Shane that happen to be his girlfriendâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s father. These three events happening during early stage of movie including the death of Stone Hopper trigger the leadership skills which been used to beat the alien invasion.

Figure 2.6 : Alex Hopper confronting Admiral Shane This main character shown that military leadership involve in making critical decision during high-pressure state with consequential risks. At first, Alex shown recklessness during commanding as he was in emotional state due to death of his brother. Under this circumstance, he was forced to take command since he was the only highest officer left. In this scene shown that, due to some turning point your leadership skills were tested under several limitations. Alex Hopper almost being discharged at first place must take responsibility of defeating the alien invasion. He has been persuaded by his crew to recover few survivors from Myoko Battleship including Captain Nagata who had problem with him since soccer match. Although he had a disagreement with his crew members due to his stubbornness.

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.3 | Character Analyze Alex Hopper start showing maturity under his leadership which he is practicing two ways communication between superior and subordinate throughout movie. Alex’s character willing to accept other people’s advice. Eventually he takes his crew’s opinion into consideration even though he is the commanding officer in charge. During epic battle between John Paul Jones and alien invaders, Alex Hopper showing his class in leadership by put aside his misunderstanding with Captain Nagata to get rid of the alien. He gave a commanding centre seat to Captain Nagata as he had idea of using N0AA’s tsunami warning buoys for tracking the alien attack ships. Alex Hopper starts to earn respect from their team member since then. This responsibility of the main actor had to get involves looking out for their subordinate welfare, unlocking individual potential and recognizing successor to create a unified team. Two nation of heavy forces with their Pearl Harbour history long time ago, stand together to accomplish assigned missions. It takes next level kind of leadership to bring them together. Transformational leadership is characterized by several patterns of behaviour (Bass, 1990). Alex intellectually stimulate his crew member by emphasizing rationality and creativity in problem-solving situations. Even the situation is looks impossible, he shown desire and willingness to in charge and guiding his crew.

Figure 2.7 : Alex Hopper confronting the Alien

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.3 | Character Analyze 2

Alexander Skarsgard as Commander Stone Hopper

Even though the presence of Commander Stone Hopper portrayed by Alexander Skarsgard only in the early stage of movie, he is showing leadership characteristic in shaping his brother even after his death due to attack of aliens on the Sampson battleship. Typical elder brother who showing the way to his bloodline for signing up to U.S. Navy Forces. Not losing hope on your own brother or subordinate regardless their undisciplined action, hothead attitude and lack of motivation in life. He brings the best out of his subordinate that happen to be his brother. In this scene, he believes that leaders are made but not born where people can made to become leader through teaching and observation (Cherry, 2019). Indirectly we can say that without motivational guidance from Stone Hopper, there is no good side of Alex Hopper. Nevertheless, Stone Hopper is the commanding officer of Sampson battleship dying during saving his subordinate from alien invasions. He was awarded with the Navy Cross from the United States of America for the act of extraordinary heroism and leadership. Most leaders want to do things that matter, to inspire others to do it with them and leave a legacy once they have gone (Hargreaves & Goodson, 2006).

Figure 2.9 : Commander Stone Hopper

Figure 2.8 : The Hopperâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Brother

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.3 | Character Analyze 3

Rihanna as Petty Officer Cora ‘Weps’ Rikes As just women could bring something unique to a leadership culture, that is what Cora

Raikes character all about portrayed by famous Hollywood star, Rihanna. The value of women in leadership trade has been enhance in this movie as Cora Raikes was an important member of Alex Hopper’s unit. A woman in charge of weapons specialist aboard John Paul Jones which kills dozens of alien’s troops throughout the movie. People understand that to be a good leader, you first need to be a great follower. He who cannot be a good follower, cannot be a good leader (Aristotle). Cora Raikes help to save her colleague; Ordy and Alex Hopper from attacking of alien on their battleship. In fact, she is following the direct order on timing to shoot towards enemy during destroying and sinks two of the alien battleships using standard missile.

Figure 2.10 : Cora Raikes , the person in charge for Weapon Specialist.

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.3 | Character Analyze 4

Tadanobu Asano as Captain Nagata

Humbleness in leadership is a kind of leadership portrayed by Tadanobu Asano as Captain Nagata. Despite rivalry between Alex Hopper and Captain Nagata at the early stage of movie, we can see how character of Captain Nagata cool down the situation. During soccer match, Captain Nagata would the one who leads the team and concede a penalty by accidently kicking Alex Hopper on face. Prior to penalty taken by Alex Hopper, Captain Nagata distracting focus of his rival which leads to non-converted penalty. During battle with alien troops, the respectful manner of Captain Nagata

Figure 2.11 : Captain Nagata of Myoko Battleship

portrayed despite he is the Commanding Officer for Myoko Battleship shown his tendency on team strategy and guiding Alex Hopper’s subordinate. Humility in leadership does not imply the absence of ego or ambition but humble leader is better able to channel their ambition back into the team member, rather than use it for personal gain (Dr Robert Hogen, 2017). He shows the way of defeating the alien’s ship based on his knowledge and experiences as Japan’s navy to American’s Navy. Hak Milik Universiti Teknologi Mara

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.3 | Character Analyze 5

Gregory D. Gadson as Lieutenant Colonel Mick Canales

Lieutenant Colonel Mick Canales is an Army combat veteran and double amputee. Ever since he lost both of his legs, he feels like he is half a man and his new physical therapist Samantha Shane tries to help him overcome this. As a former commander is U.S Army, there are not any problem for him to be Lieutenant Colonel Mick Canales in this movie. There are several scenes that show the quality of leadership that Mick Canales h a v e . Generally, the type of leadership that Mick Canales brought in this movie is â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Military Leadershipâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Military leadership involves decision making in critical decision, high pressure situations and consequential risk (Military Leadership, n.d.). This can be seen by the character that he brought

Figure 2.12 : Colonel Gregory as Lieutenant Colonel Mick Canales

although he did not the main character for this movie. In reality, Gregor D. Gadson was a 25 years career Army officer with tittle Colonel Gregoory and serve as commander of 2nd Battalion, , 32nd Field Artiller in Iraq.

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.3 | Character Analyze The first scene that show the leadership that Mick Canales have are when third of them including Samantha “Sam” were overlooking the alien camp. The instruction that he gave to Cal Zapata to going down there to get the courage by saying “Right now, you are going to acquire that courage, or else I’m going to break my

Figure 2.14 : Colonel Mick confronting the Alien

steel leg off in you ****. You fell me?” show

Another leadership quality that Mick

autocratic leadership by this former U.S

Canales show is when he and Sam

Army. This is in line with what Iqbal et al.,

attacked the aliens camp with car. When

(2015) that mentioned this autocratic

Sam had trapped in car and an alien come

leader use the concept ‘I tell’ where leaders

to them and try to attack them, Mick know

will instruct the followers what to do by

his responsibility towards this ‘team’ he

giving direction and ignoring the any

come out from the car and start fighting

possible risk that will come. This

with the aliens. This is also what Nawaz &

autocratic leadership make Cal Zapata –

Khan (2016) explained that an autocratic

the scientist to immediately gets up to get

leader making decision without involving

the courage.

subordinates. This urgent making decision is required for this situation and this is related to the characteristics of a great leader in problem solving.

Figure 2.13 : Zapata went into the Alien Camp after been instructed by Col. Mick

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2.0 | CHARACTER ANALYSIS 2.3 | Character Analyze The motivation aspect that can be seen by this character are very motivate to achieve the goals to help the earth from the aliens. Although did not have any official responsibility towards that, Mick Canales can be seen have characteristic of Achievement aspect and Power aspect. This actually in-line with McClelland’s Need for achievement Theory that highlighted 3 dominant motivator that are achievement, affiliation and power (McClelland - Theory of Needs, n.d.). He shows a strong need to accomplishing goals, ready to face any risk towards his goals, and enjoys the competition and winning.

Brooklyn Decker as Samantha “Sam”

Brooklyn Decker as Samantha "Sam"

For motivation aspect, it can be said that

Shane, a physical therapist and Alex

Sam try to motivate Mick Canales that

Hopper's girlfriend. In this movie, Sam did

already in negative situation that are

not show clearly type of leadership other

already giving up in his life after losing

than able to convince Mick Canales for

both of his legs. In this motivation aspect,

therapist unformal session in the

can relate with Mc Gregor Theory X and Y,

mountain near the NASA satellite.

where under theory X (negative), for a

Although it is not directly a leadership but

worker that is inherently lazy, self-centres

it almost similar with the concept of the

and lacking ambition there is a need of top

relationship theories or also called

down control and a strong management

transformational theories where leaders

style (McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y,

will motivate and inspire people buy

n.d). It is related to this scene where Sam

guiding the group members.

as his therapist try to boost the confident of Mick Canales.

Figure 2.15 : Samantha takes Mick for a walk at the mountain Hak Milik Universiti Teknologi Mara

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.1 | Communication 3.1.1 | Importance of Communication Management “Communication has been identified as one of the single biggest reasons for project success or failure” - (PMBOK 5 , 2013). According to French Famous idiom, “Votre communication n’est pas un jeu d’hasard” which means “Your communication is not a matter of luck”.

Communication has an important role play in conflict management. The importance of

communication can be seen in this movie, where one of the first things the aliens did was attempt to set up communications with their home planet (See Figure 3.1). Effective communication is a top priority for successful leaders. Nothing of value happens without it.

Figure 3.1 The radar showing 5 distinct object coming straight to the communication tower / satellite centre ( Minute 31:29 )

After seeing this peculiar object on the radar, Zapata suggested to communicate with different stakeholders that might have interest in this issue, which are NASA and Air Force. Zapata promptly suggested that Air Force and NASA to get ready with anything that is possible. This shows that during emergency, communicating with other stakeholders to get opinion, transfer information to ensure issue that need to be tackled promptly.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

Figure 3.2 : Alien setting up communication with Planet G ( Minute 1:54:42 )

It can be observed in this movie that

Â The selection of words must be relevant,

a poor communication always results

sensible and reasonable according to

misunderstanding and conflicts and a

whom we are communicating, as the

good communication can impr o v i s e

ultimate goal, what we thoughts are well

problems and provide solution especially

understand by others. Avoiding the usage

during the war. A clear and precise

of sentiments, body shaming and

communication is a fundamental key area

derogatory sentences when communicate

to avoid conflicts and mistakes as to

as well as too complicated terminologies

ensure what we intended to convey is well

or bombastic words in order for others to

received and objectives well achieved.

understand what we are going to convey.

Good communication, which is needed for

(Juneja, Prachi, 2020) Nevertheless,

project success, is structured in a way

communication is an act of commenting,

that helps to minimize or even avoid

making connections, an activity and a

u n e x p e c t e d

a n d

process of learning. (Dimbleby, R., &

misunderstandings, prevent duplication

Burton, G., 2020) The following sub-

of efforts, discover issues, implement

chapter will discuss the categories of

preventive measures and deal with all

communication and its role, effective

mentioned above in an effective way.

communication skills and lesson learnt

adopted from this movie.

d e l a y s

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.1.2 | Categories of Communication & It roles in Battleship Movie Communication is categorized into the spoken word, written communication, physical expressions or mixed methods, are diverse and offer varying ways to connect with others as can be seen in the movie. When communicating, people are perceived by others in three ways, including (360Solutions, LLC, 2013):q Verbal: the words you say q Vocal: your voiceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s intonation and inflection q Visual: your facial expression and body language Â Several communication technologies devices used in this movie which are formal meetings and conference, internet - online teleconferencing, emails, telephone call, radar and satellite, radio transmission, walkie-talkie and television and news.

Figure 3.3 : Several communication method and devices use in Battleship movie.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.1.3 | Effective Communication Skills and Lesson Learn form Battleship Movie The list of effective communication skills according to (Hudson, K., Grisham, T., Srinivasan, P., & Moussa, N., 2005) and what we can learnt from the movie as table below:List of effective communication skills (Hudson, K., Grisham, T., Srinivasan, P., & Moussa, N., 2005)

Lesson Learnt from The Battleship (2012)



Display assertive leadership



Display responsiveness management



Display responsiveness management



Display interpersonal skills



Display interpersonal skills



Be decisive



Be decisive



Display social skills



Be diplomatic



Be fluent in speaking



Be tactful



Be diplomatic



Resolve conflicts



Be tactful



Give feedback



Be persuasive



Secure information flow



Be persistent



Secure information flow



Resolve conflicts



Coach and develop the team



Give feedback

Table 3.1 : List of Effectives Communication skills

3.1.3.1 | Be Decisive and Less

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 1

3.1.3.1 | Be decisive and Less Argument

In the set-up, we meet a shiftless beach bum named Alex Hopper, whose brother Stone is a naval officer. In a bar, Alex hits on the lithesome Samantha Shane, who wouldn't you know is the daughter of the admiral of the fleet. Breaking into a convenience store to get her a burrito, Alex is arrested and his brother delivers an ultimatum: be decisive towards his brother, no more argument, Join the Navy or else.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

As from right this second, there is a new dynamic at play.

And this dynamic is the following. From here on, until I state otherwise, there will be no more debate, no more discussion, no more compromise!

The communication between brothers

It's me speaking, you listening. Me saying, you doing.

where, Stone need to give instruction to

Do you understand that?

communicate to Alex, and no more advices,

It's time for a new course of action. A new direction. A game change.

and take in charge, to save the situation by making his own rules, before anything

You are joining me in the Navy!

become worse.

- Stone Hopper In construction industry, an effective

â&#x20AC;?

leader know when is the best to give instruction or to seek opinion or allows discussion for any issue arise. This shows that a leader recognizes well his team to ensure the project is running efficiently.

Figure 3.4 : Brotherhood Argument ( Minute 9:15 ) Hak Milik Universiti Teknologi Mara

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 2

3.1.3.2 | Display Interpersonal Skills and Be Diplomatic

The next scene that captured my ears and eyes in this movie is the conversation between Admiral Shane and Alex Hopper that display the interpersonal skills and diplomacy in communication from a true leader. The issue preceding to this conversation was, Alex Hopper is going to meet Admiral Shane to propose his daughter to get married. During the event, Alex indecisive behaviour and lack of confident infuriates Admiral. At that moment, Admiral call him in private to

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

Admiral Shane: The fact that you know that infuriates me beyond words. What my daughter sees in you is a great mystery to me. You're a very smart individual, with very weak character, leadership and decisionmaking skills. Do you have anything to say to me, ANYTHING?

solve the issue between a leader want to

Alex Hopper : Negative, Sir.

motivate his subordinate to enhance skills

Admiral Shane : Enjoy these naval exercises,

of leadership and a future father-in-law want the best for his daughter. From this informal communication, Admiral can

Hopper. They're likely to be your last. Dismissed!

manage and be diplomacy at the same time, he started the conversation being positive by highlighting Alex Hopper pros

â&#x20AC;?

and cons which demonstrate his interpersonal skills.

Figure 3.5 : Informal Conversation between Leader and Subordinate ( Minute 22:06 ) Hak Milik Universiti Teknologi Mara

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3

3.1.3.3 | Display Responsiveness Management & Communication with Different User / Stakeholder

In the midst of emergency or war, 33:05 when alien attacks the earth specifically Scotland, Germany, France, Iowa, Hong Kong, the most important things are to secure and convey the information as soon as possible on the attack. It is where the internet and online communication is very

Figure 3.8 : Online communication between NASA and US Air Force (Minute 1:13:38)

crucial. As we can see in the movie, at first NASA realize unusual things on their radar but did not communicate with air force or higher position, and when the emergency happens, all the information is needed.

During the emergency, technology help a lot in communication by using online teleconferencing. In construction industry, industrial revolution of IR 4.0 helps a lot to boost the economy such as adaptation of artificial intelligence, internet of things, digital learning platforms, augmented and virtual reality, drones, 3D printers, selfhealing concrete, advanced GPS technology, wearable technology, robotics,

Figure 3.6 : Hong Kong is under attack (Minute 33:05)

prefabrication, modularization, and ecofriendliness, Building Information Modelling (BIM), construction software and data ecosystem, cloud, and mobile technology will improve construction industry output (Adekunle Q. A., 2020).

Figure 3.7 : Urgent meetings between Air Force HQ, NASA and several important stakeholders due to the attack (Minute 33:50)

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 4 i.

3.1.3.4 | Be persuasive through fact-finding to identify and confirm information. Scene between Samantha (physical therapist) with US Army combat veteran.

One of the good examples of effective communication in this movie is how Samantha Shane (Sam), the physical therapist approach Lieutenant Colonel Mick Canales (Mick), a U.S Army combat

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

Sam: I'm your new physical therapist. I am sensing a lot of anger. Mick: Very perceptive of you. Sam: Is there anything besides anger in there, Mick? Mick: Not much. Sam: Your last therapist says that you lost the will to fight. Is that accurate? Mick: I lost my fight when I lost my legs.

veteran who had double amputee. Before

Sam: Do you realize you're still the same man that won the Golden Gloves at 22?

Sam approach Mick, she saw Mick was not

A Bronze Star in Afghanistan? The same man.

cooperative with his former therapist. Sam

Mick: I am half a man. And half a man ain't enough to be a soldier. That's all I have ever known.

then started the conversation with Mick by confirming and identify all his strengths, accomplishments and achievements before he had removed his both legs. A good therapist, doing her background research and fact finding about Mick, in order to persuade him. At the end, Mick agree to

Sam: All right. Let's go. We are going to take a walk. Mick: No, we are not. Sam: Legs on. Next plot, both went for hiking.

â&#x20AC;?

SAM: You're doing pretty good for a guy who doesn't want to be hiking.

follow Sam to go hiking, without saying. Here are the persuasive scripts between Sam and Mick: -

Figure 3.9 : Sam and Mick went for a hiking (Minute 29:00)

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 4 i.

3.1.3.4 | Be persuasive through fact-finding to identify and confirm information. Scene between Alex Hopper and his Navy team.

Next scene that shows t h e e f f e c t i v e

In construction industry, especially when

communication management is when Alex

we facing discrepancy and issues at site,

Hopper and his crewmate, Cora Raikes

we must check every facts and analyse

checking on the news they received

before making any decision and

regarding peculiar object in the sea. He

communicate. We must check every single

reconfirms with his navy team, sailors,

aspect in terms of design management,

and crewmates, carry out double checking

contractual, planning and timeline, supply

back and forth before make any decision

chain management, any effect of sales and

whether to go near, to attack, or to back off

purchase agreement and so on. This to

from that peculiar object. Another scene

ensure we tackle the issue with minimal or

that also reflect fact-finding to confirm

zero impact to any stakeholder.

information when Alex and his navy team caught the alien on his ship.

Figure 3.10 : Cora Raikes checking on the peculiar object on Pacific ocean. (Minute 37:41)

Figure 3.11 : Alex analyzing the information from the radar (Minute 37:45).

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 5

3.1.3.5 | Be Tactful.

Next, referring to Minute 50:00 in the movie, the ability of the Navy crew to tell the truth in a way that consider Alex’s feelings and reactions. The crew able to communicate by giving honesty feedback, with respect to Alex who had just lost his brother. At first, all of the crew irritated with Alex, because Alex want to attack the

Figure 3.12 : Walter shows anger in his face, because Alex want to attack the Alien without proper strategy and neglecting sailor’s live that station at the bottom of the ship. (Minute 50:00)

Alien without proper strategy and neglecting sailors that station at the bottom of the ship. However, say the right thing is critical to save sailor’s and the rest of the crew life. This is called be tactful in communication where it is encompassing many things, including emotional intelligence, respect, discretion, selfawareness, thoughtfulness, compassion,

Figure 3.13 : Alex is listening to Walter and his crew that being tactful to give truthful feedback. (Minute 51:00)

subtlety, honesty, diplomacy and courtesy. Be tactful offer so many benefits especially when you have to deliver bad news. It is also builds your credibility and strengthen your reputation with professional and integrity. Finally, tact can help you to avoid conflict, find common ground, and allow others to save face. It can therefore be an important asset in negotiations and in conflict resolution.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 6

3.1.3.6 | Getting advice from “Old Salts” and work together with them

At the third quarter of this movie, when Alien almost defeated the Navy and sailors and destroyed their warship, desperately for another ship, the USS Missouri Battleship and “Old Salts” (former navy) come to their rescue. In this critical situation, they must use everything that

Figure 3.14 : The “Old Salts” comes to the rescue (Minute 1:39:41)

they have in full capacity. Getting advice from elders on matters pertaining the war, and working with them handling the Battleship hands-on. We can learn from elders on how to handle things manually because the Battleship is a steam turbines boat using boilers on board whereas latest warship is digitalizing and using electrical

Figure 3.15 : “Old Salts” and the sailors working together lifting the 1,500 kilograms’ missile (Minute 1:52:22)

instrument. “Old Salts” can maneuver the ship with the help of the Navy’s crew. At first, there were communication barrier

In any organization especially in

due to technology gap between two

construction industry, getting advice from

generations in the way they handle the

elders or expert is needed because of their

war ship, but by using the similar terms,

valuable experiences handling projects and

both can work together to accomplished

the way elders thinking in solving issues.

the mission.

Nevertheless, wisdom is knowledge through experience and not age. Much of the history and traditions of mariners are passes from generation to generation by stories telling.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 6

3.1.3.6 | Getting advice from “Old Salts” and work together with them

Figure 3.16 : Alex Hopper getting advice from the “Old Salts” during the ship tour in order to strategize on how to operate the battleship. (Minute: 1:41:30)

The communication between Alex and Old Salts as below: -

“

Alex Hopper: How are we looking on fuel? Old Salts: 600 long tons, sir. Just enough for a maintenance run. Alex Hopper: Ordnance? Old Salts: We scraped together what we could, sir. But it's not much. Alex Hopper: All right, let's get her to sea. We have got work to do.

”

Old Salts: Roger that.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 7

3.1.3.7| Getting advice from “Old Salts” and work together with them

Last but not least, it is good to highlight the intercultural communication between Alex Hopper and Captain Yugi Nagata, Japanese Maritime, a commanding officer of JDS Myoko. In the beginning of this movie, both are not working well together due to nationality, race, and war historical background. Captain Nagata and Alex after having fight in the toilet because Captain Nagata tease Alex, talking alone in front of the mirror while Alex was actually practicing how to converse with Admiral Shane, his future father in law. Both of the them caught in several fight, verbally and physically due to personal perception to each other. However, during the emergency time, both need to work together to save lives. Both need to share the tactical war strategy to defence and attack. They started to respect and value each other, align their working cultural environment to achieve the mission (Olga M. and Matthias W., 2017). Alex shared the Art of war strategy whereas Nagata shared water displacement strategy that they use to fight US using tsunami buoys.

Figure 3.17 : Captain Nagata and Alex were caught after having fight in the toilet (Minute 21:13)

Figure 3.18 : At last, Captain Nagata admitted the Art of War strategy suggested by Alex was worked to fight Alien “ A way of seeing them, without seeing them”. (Minute 1:49:27)

Similar to construction industry, bridging different cultures and values to achieve the project on time is essential. The more we share, the more we have (Al Hadeed 57:18). As in Malaysia per say, we live in different religion, races, and communication with multidisciplinary organizations and stakeholders from different countries, the ability to communicate in intercultural communication is vital to get the project done.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.1.4 | Conclusion on Communication Management Effective Communication is a talent for personal and professional growth and it is often that the most difficult in project management is the aspect of communication. Effective leaders and high performance leadership knows when is the best way to provide feedback, addressed issues, deliberate, considerate in constructive, respected and well-places critique manner.

“

You can have brilliant ideas, but if you can’t get the across, your ideas won’t get you anywhere - Lee Lococca-

”

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2 | Conflict Management 3.2.1 | Definition of Conflicts & Conflict Management In general, conflicts are referring to some form of friction, disagreement or discord arising between individuals or within a group when there are either resisted or unacceptable belief between one or more members of another groups. (Tschannen-Moran,M.,2001). Conflicts are

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

Respectful communication under conflict or opposition is an essential and truly awe-inspiring ability.

part and parcel in our daily life. It happens everyday and everywhere and their successful management is the key

â&#x20AC;?

- Bryant McGill , Voice of Reason -

elements to make it whether the conflict are useful to achieve better result or become disaster.

Naturally conflicts always lead to emotional involved such as stress and anxiety, plus with bad management it often produce interpersonal attitudes which cause the tense situation between individual or group members and worst case it might lead to physical injury. Thus, nobody likes conflict and tend to avoid the negative circumstances. But research has shown that conflict may be beneficial to performance in groups and organizations, and that avoiding and suppressing conflicts will only reduces individual creativity, decision quality in teams, product development, and communication between group member. (De Dreu,C.K.,1997) Conflicts took place in many events and place. As mention earlier, conflict mostly due to disagreement on decision making or opinions, but conflicts also might be caused by ego or arrogant of certain parties involved. Historically, this is what usually happen between countries who involved into war due to certain parties eagerly to expand their power and colonized it. Japan-United State relation or in Japanese form, Nichibei Kankei are one of the world known timeless love-hate relationships between this two country before they end up as Military Ally until present.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2 | Conflict Management

3.2.1 | Definition of Conflicts & Conflict Management Cont’ Globally know the massive destroyed facing by Japanese when United State drop an atomic bombed at their capital city of Nagasaki and Hiroshima on September 1945 was among the most controversial acts in military history. This incidents had forced Japanese

“

Despite Japan’s desire and efforts,

unfortunate differences in the ways that Japan, England ,the United States, and Chine understood circumstances, together

military to surrender and retreat from

with misunderstandings of attitudes, made it

their current invasion including

impossible for the parties to agree.

Malaysia (previously known as Tanah Melayu). Japanese took this as a humiliate loosing and that’s how Japan

- Hideki Tojo, Former Prime

manage their conflict and

Minister of Japan (1940-1944) -

”

professionally form a new controversial relation with United States after a decade. However during the whole process of approaching the partnership between these two countries, they were facing a lot of conflict dispute due to Japanese conflict management styles differed from the western cultures.(Allan,Jeff.,2015) According to Spaho,K.(2013), conflict management define as solving conflicts instead of reducing, eliminating or limiting their duration by using a macro strategy to reduced the negative consequences of conflicts. Besides that, for an affective conflict management, it required skills related to conflict resolution, self-awareness about conflict modes, conflict communication skills and establishing a structure for conflict management in your environment. In short, the initial step in conflict management are to define the cause of the conflict, importance of the conflicts whether it positive or negative vibe , then impacts and consequences of the conflict to the team or events. Then, the individual or organization may forecast a strategy accordingly. Hak Milik Universiti Teknologi Mara

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2 | Conflict Management 3.2.2 | Types Of Conflict

As in general, conflicts divided into two (2) types which area INTERNAL and EXTERNAL conflicts.

INTERNAL

conflicts occurs

within the individual itself. It is also know as INTRAPERSONAL conflict. To be more specific, an internal conflicts happens when you have to make a moral or e th i c al d ec i s i on because you are in middle of dilemma

Figure 3.19 : Alex Hopper nervous to meet Admiral Shane ( Minute 19:25 )

of certain issues. (Internal Conflict: Definition, Types & Example, 2015) From Battleship movie, the internal conflicts was portrayed when Alex Hopper was so tense to meet his girlfriendâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s father who are his senior officer, Admiral Shane. This was

Figure 3.20 : Alex Hopper practicing his speech in the toilet ( Minute 19:37 )

shown at minutes 19:25 where Stoner Hopper was trying to convinced his brother, Alex, to meet Admiral Shane to get his blessed for his relationship with his girlfriend. Later on, Alex run to the toilet due to nervous and started to talk to the mirror, practicing for a proper conversation. Alex is having a dilemma with his own courage and guts!

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2.2 | Types Of Conflict According to Schermerhon et al,(2002), Intrapersonal conflicts was then divided into three (3) micro types which are approach-approach conflicts , avoidanceavoidance conflicts and approach-avoidance conflict.

• Approach-approach conflicts occurs when an individual need to choose between two positive alternative. As an Interior designer myself always having this conflicts type whereby we, designer, need to do a selection of colors for curtains fabrics or others soft finishing which are all pretty much very attractive selections.

• Avoidance-avoidance

• Approach-avoidance

conflicts occurs when an

individual need to choose between

two negative alternative or

something that have both positive

unattractive options. The simplest

and negative consequences through

and more relatable sample are when

the selections. This always related

you are staying at an apartment ,

to a job promotion, when you are

and you planning to do a door grill

promoting to a higher position in the

for safety purpose but you have to

company but in accepting of

follow the standard grill design by

increasing of work load and

the building management which are

responsibilities too.

not your favor at any cost. This is where the dilemma between aesthetic and safety design issues.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2.2 | Types Of Conflict Meanwhile Interpersonal Conflicts, Intragroup Conflicts and Intergroup Conflicts fall under EXTERNAL conflicts type.

EXTERNAL

conflicts occurs

between one individual with other outside characters. This type of conflicts are the most common scenario can be seen in any organizations or companies either between two individual or more.

Figure 3.21 : Nagata accidently kicked Alex at face. ( Minute 11:21 )

By taking an example from Battleship movie, the external conflicts was shown in the minutes 11:21 where Alex Hopper was accidently been kicked by Captain Nagata during the friendly football match between United States Navy and Japan Navy team.

Figure 3.22 : Nagata mocking Alex talking to himself inside the toilet. ( Minute 20:26 )

That incident has lead to INTERPERSONAL

conflicts

between them when Alex accusing Nagata purposely kicking his face. The argument not only stop at the field, unfortunately it is been dragging to the toilet fighting scene at the minute 20:26.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2.2 | Types Of Conflict INTERPERSONAL conflicts usually due to clashing of opinions or personalities and tend to be into personal conflicts. There were several reasons that lead to this conflicts type such as Personality differences, Perceptions, Clashes of value and interest, Power and status differences and Scarce resource. ( Strategy, I. F. A. ,1976 ) As for Battleship movie, the plot took p l ac e be tw e e n Jap an an d U n i t e d States who are well known for their Military Ally and conflicts since ancient time. According to Allan,Jeff. (2015), the research found that the often occurs conflicts between Japan

“

As your weapon officer,

Let me remind you that, this is a combat vessel…

And we will excel in our commanding control. We are here to crush every other ship. We not here in this weapons room to learn.

and United States are due to cultural differences. Japan represent a complex and unique cultural mix that is often

- Alex Hopper -

”

difficult for outsiders to understand. This can be seen in the movie that even the main purpose of RIMPAC are a combat strategy exercise for both countries Navy team, but they tend to compete showing off their power and military skills.

Figure 3.23 : Alex Hopper ‘motivating’ his crew. ( Minute 24:18)

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2.2 | Types Of Conflict Meanwhile INTRAGROUP conflicts was a conflict within a group or team member where the conflicts occurs in regards to goal, trust or procedures. This scenario usually happen when there is a clash of ideas or goal either between members or between managers and team member. In design department, allocation a dateline was the often caused to this conf l i c ts between team members and manager. Manager insist the group member to

Figure 3.24 : Navy crew was informed the ship was under Alex command. ( Minute 52:48 )

“

Navy 1 : Who’s running this ship!? Ody : Hopper.

submit the task within unreasonable

Navy 1 : Yo are you kidding me? Hopper;s running the ship ?

dateline even the group member

Navy 2 : This is b******! We’re all gonna die!

”

already clarify the task need more time to be done. Meanwhile the writer portrayed

From the script here we can conclude that,

this conflict type in the Battleship

at the beginning of the war, the crew

movie at the minutes 52:48 where the

member have no trust on Alex Hopper to

navy shooter at the deck was shocked

run the ship due to his lacking

when Ody informed him that the ship

personalities. However they have to accept

now was under Alex Hopper command.

it because Alex is the highest senior officer in the ship now due to the death of their captain and senior officers.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2.2 | Types Of Conflict INTERGROUP conflict occurs between two or more different groups. The disagreement can be in any form of issues. In a big company or organization, usually they will have many operation department which are responsible for their own scope of work. The closest example are conflict between QS department and Project department. Issues arise when QS did not submit the tender price as per material specified in the drawing produce by the Project team, which lead to the under quoted issues and might cause a lose to the contractors. In Battleship movie, there are scene

Figure 3.25 : Admiral Shane loosing his patient with the Minister. ( Minute 1:16:12 )

“

Minister : Scramble the jets Admiral! We need to get inside there. Admiral Shane : I’m far more aware than you of the need to get inside there. Admiral Shane : But wasting more lives will not help. Admiral Shane : Want me to send another plane? I’ll do it the second you sit you’re a** in the co-pilot seat, Sir!

”

where the Government keep pushing Admiral Shane to send more plane and jets to go through the ‘energy’ perimeter. Admiral Shane lost his patient and cursed the government officer for being selfish because the actions will only caused his soldier

This show that Admiral are ready to act against the Government instruction by prioritizing his soldiers lives by not taking any risky or blind fold actions.

death.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2 | Conflict Management

3.2.3 | Types Of Conflict Management Conflict management main aims are to

Accommodating

resolved a dispute occurred by minimizing the negative consequences while prioritizing the positive impacts of each conflicts arise in the events. In enhance, conflict management divided

This approach are more to putting other parties needs before oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own. Accommodating or also defined as Obliging style in other researches, is a conflict styles where linked with low concern for self and

into 5 different style which are mean to

high concern for others and associates while

be applied according to the appropriate

attempting to play down the differences and

circumstances.

emphasizing the commonalities to satisfy the

concern

the

party.

(Asyraf,Muhammad et al. 2014) This conflict style also more to keeping peace where in the situation that prolonging conflict is not worth the time or the other party think they might be wrong and mind just end up the conflict by giving up the Figure 3.9 : Thomas-Kilman Conflict Mode Instrument (source : Koley et.al.,2018)

argument. This usually happen for a small disagreement between individual . It might be applicable for organization also but the

TKI components are as a guideline for the

managers who are implementing this style

individual or the leader to ensure they

might looks as weakly and have no courage

implemented the correct way in handling

to stood up for his own tought.

a conflicts. This is because, the root of the conflict management are identifying the cause of the conflicts in order to proceed with the further steps. Conflicts resolution need a bird-eye view from the trigger of the conflicts to the parties involved. Hak Milik Universiti Teknologi Mara

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2 | Conflict Management

3.2.3 | Types Of Conflict Management

Avoiding

Avoiding conflicts mainly happen for the low self esteem individual or groups. The main aim for this conflict resolution are to reduce conflict by ignoring it, removing the conflicted parties or evading it in

Figure 3.26 : Alex Hopper practicing his speech in the toilet ( Minute 19:37 )

some manner. In our c o n s t r u c t i o n industries, this conflict resolution usually been use when it comes to the dateline issues. When the parties are not able to achieve the agreed dateline, they tend to evading it or giving a last minutes excuse, worst case it the parties started to push the ball to others people court. In order to

Figure 3.27 : Alex Hopper confronting Admiral Shane for his blessing. ( Minute 1:59:22 )

drag the other parties involved together. But according to Indeed Career Guide.com ,(2020), this conflict resolution style are only tend to buying some times and not resolving the conflicts, instead it will only caused to a prolonged or new conflicts if being drag for too long.

As for the Battleship movie, in the beginning of the story, heâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s been avoiding to talk to Admiral Shane due to his low self esteem and the conflict become worsen when he was warned by Admiral Shane due to his disciplinary issues fighting with Captain Nagata which almost make him losing his job in the Navy. But in the end of the movie, finally Alex Hopper manage to confront with Admiral Shane and shockingly Admiral Shane give his blessing indirectly by teasing Alex with Chicken Burrito incidents.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2 | Conflict Management

3.2.3 | Types Of Conflict Management

Competing

This conflict resolution type are more on focusing individual concern compare to other people objectives. (Spaho. K.,2013) This usually the fastest way to resolved the conflicts arise, but the contrast consequences is this conflict resolution always associate with disapproval or resistance of the employees or team member. Depending on the situation, sometimes the Managers need to adapt this conflict resolution style and become the Dominant in making the rapid decision.

Figure 3.27 : Alex Hopper taking a lead of the ship and instructed to go full attack. ( Minute 50:01 )

From the above scene, Alex Hopper was distracted by his revenge and emotional due to hi brother’s death and instructed the crew to do a full attack without taking the bad consequences into the account. His instruction causing a worried among all the crew members but they have no choice but to obey him as he is now the commander in charge for the ship. This conflict

“

resolution type also supported by his dialogues to his crew :

Hopper : We’re going in. Full attck. That’s an order. Ody : Attack sir? Hopper : Yes! You wanted an order! That’s an order! Let’s go! Beast : You heard him. Ody : Aye aye Sir!

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2 | Conflict Management

3.2.3 | Types Of Conflict Management

Collaborating

Collaborating style is where two parties work together to resolve the current major conflicts by sharing their skills and knowledge by putting aside their past or current internal conflicts. While in an organization, it implemented by the Managers who are forming a brainstorm session with the group members in order to get everybody opinion in a way of resolving the conflicts together.

Figure 3.28 : Hopper and Nagata work together for the combat strategy ( Minute 1:19:33 )

During the conflict happen, John Paul Jones ships are desperately to find a way to fight against the Alien ship. By identifying the strength and weakness of the opponents side, Nagata later then had proposed an alternative strategy to attach the Alien ship by tracking them suing the tsunami bouy. It is a risk because he already exposed their secret military strategy when they fight against their enemy all this times and Hopper also put his ship in a risk where he allowing Nagata to see their radar and system technologies. But during this time, both Nagata and Hopper had put a side their rival issues and focusing on the same goals to defeat the Alien together.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;

Hopper : You dirty, cheating, snakey.. Nagata : Rough world. Hopper : I like it. Captain! My chair is your chair Sir. Hopper : My brother would have done the same.

â&#x20AC;?

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2 | Conflict Management

3.2.3 | Types Of Conflict Management

Compromising

From the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instruments, Compromising covering both individual and parties benefits. It is a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;give and takeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; situation where both parties will sit together agreeing on the alternatives to save their self concern.

Figure 3.29 : Hopper and Nagata lie to Admiral Shane in order to avoid been punished. ( Minute 20:52 )

Nagata and Hopper were caught fighting in the toilet and was been investigate by the senior officer including Admiral Shane. In order to avoid been punished, Nagata and Hopper both backing up each other actions by making up a story to cover their actual misbehavior.

Figure 3.30 : Hopper getting approval from the Veterans to use the Missouri Battleship. ( Minute 1:39:58 )

The most goosebumps scene when Hopper asking the permission from Veterans to use the Missouri Battleships which survived the ancient World War II . Not only that, he also asking the Veterans to assist them in operating the Battleship for the very last time. And the Veterans, even though already retired and in their final age of living, energetically willing to help Hopper and his team, as a part of their patriotic spirits and to save the worlds together.

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3.0 | COMMUNICATION & CONFLICT MANAGEMENT 3.2 | Conflict Management

3.2.3 | Types Of Conflict Management Conclusion Human tend to avoid conflict due to scared on the negative consequences. Indeed a conflict can give a bad impact to the parties or organization because it was caused by a human error itself, but with a correct way of conflict resolution, the organization not only manage to resolve the conflicts but it also help to strengthen their internal operation strategy and hype the working environment.

Figure 3.31 : The Inverted U Relationship Between performance and Conflict (retrieved from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/sunyorgbehavior/chapter/10-2-understanding-conflict/)

From here we can conclude that, Conflict management not only helps to resolve the conflict but also build the individual characters. By confronting the conflicts, the person without realizing are in the process of their self development and for a organization, they assess the employee ability in handling the projects from the way they overcome the problems.

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4. 4.0 | CONCLUSSION 0

4.1 | Movie Rating Review The Battleship movie one of the movies that we need to watch because it is a lot of naval strategies and lesson that we can take. Battleship showed to the world not only advanced in the America Military Navy in terms of weaponry but also the battle strategies and leadership skills. The movie as well tells of probabilities that aliens might as well advanced in warfare than they do but also portrayed how prepared they are to combat against whatever that poses threats to the nation. The leadership involved making critical decisions, even in a high-pressure situation with consequential risk. Apart from its being action-packed, it also put on display some leadership principles significant to running an organization. The scenario in the movie looks Figure 4.1 : Battleship Movie Poster

Based on the review, the majority of the

very similar to that of what is happening in real life, especially in organizations.

audience give five start rating. Mostly stated that battleship has enough battles fall all gaming buffs. There is non-stop action, unlimited explosions and rush adrenaline pumping when they watch this movie. Once it gets going, the battleship is a lot of turbo-charged fun. Despite a couple of corny moments and some possible plot holes, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a strongly patriotic story that teaches lessons in leadership, bravery,

Figure 4.2 : Alex Hopper fighting the Alien

maturity, and humility. Â

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4.0 | CONCLUSSION 4.2 | Lesson Learn

Other than that, the important of the

communication and conflict management

that we can obviously

watch in this movie. The big role of conflict management is the communication. Poor communication will be caused the misunderstanding and conflict between the team. In this movie shows, when aliens communication destroyed it is hard for them to communicate eac h o t h er an d Figure 4.1 : Battleship Movie Poster

important to set up new communication

In t h i s m o v i e i t s c l e a r l y s h o w t h e

array to communicate with their home

leadership skills and motivation theories

planet to invert the earth. The communication is a top priority for

is very

successful leaders. Alex shows the good

important when became a leader. Alex

communication between his team in order

shows a great example of charismatic

to compete with the aliens and they are

and motivated leadership when he

success beat their enemies.

smarts to set the direction and at the same time motive the crews especially during the critical time. The confident that show by Alex makes the crew assured to his decision and eager to follow the instruction. In contrast, in an organization because of poor leadership skill and lack of motivation from the leader as a result, the chaos in organization will happen, the employee will apathetic and the work environment will not good.

Figure 4.2 : Alex Hopper and Captain Nagata

Ultimately, â&#x20AC;&#x153;A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way.â&#x20AC;? This quote by John C. Maxwell the best to describe Alex Hopper for their successfulness be a leader to their team. Hak Milik Universiti Teknologi Mara

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References M cClelland - Theory of N eeds (n.d.). Retrieved 3 D ecem ber 2 0 2 0 , f r o m http://www.netmba.com/mgmt/ob/motivation/mcclelland/ McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y | Introduction to Business. Retrieved 3 D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 0 , f r o m https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmintrobusiness/chapter/reading-douglasmcgregors-theory-x-and-theory-y-2/ M o t i v a t i o n . R e t r i e v e d 3 D e c e m b e r 2 0 2 0 , f r o m http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/motivation.htm Motivation Theories [5 Famous Motivation Theories]. (n.d.). Retrieved 3 December 2020, from https://www.knowledgehut.com/tutorials/projectmanagement/motivation-theories Nawaz, Z. A. K. D. A., & Khan_ PhD, I. (2016). Leadership theories and styles: A literature review. Leadership, 16(1), 1-7. Olga M. and Matthias W. (2017). An Intercultural Environment. PM World Journal Communication Management Tools for Managing Projects, Vol. VI Issue VIII. Pardee, R. L. (1990). Motivation Theories of Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor & McClelland. A Literature Review of Selected Theories Dealing with Job Satisfaction and Motivation. Olga M. and Matthias W. (2017). An Intercultural Environment. PM World Journal Communication Management Tools for Managing Projects, Vol. VI Issue VIII. The Great Man Theory. (2019). Retrieved 2 December 2020, from https://www.villanovau.com/resources/leadership/great-mantheory/#:~:text=Those%20who%20support%20the%20theory,odds%20on%20behalf% 20of%20followers. https://briandoddonleadership.com/2012/05/19/10-leadership-quotes-and-lessonsfrom-the-movie-battleship/ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1440129/plotsummary Tschannen-Moran, M. (2001). The effects of a state-wide conflict management initiative in schools. American Secondary Education, 2-32. De Dreu, C. K. (1997). Productive conflict: The importance of conflict management and conflict issue. Using conflict in organizations, 9-22. Spaho, K. (2013). Organizational communication and conflict management. Management-Journal of Contemporary Management Issues, 18(1), 103-118. Allan, Jeff. (2015). Japanese Conflict Resolution: Cultural Differences, Contrasts, and Styles. 10.13140/RG.2.1.3932.3043.

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References Hideki Tojo Quotes. (n.d.). BrainyQuote.com. Retrieved December 3, 2020, from BrainyQuote.com Web site: https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/hideki_tojo_305199 Koley, Gaurav & Rao, Shrisha. (2018). Adaptive Human-Agent Multi-Issue Bilateral Negotiation Using the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument. 10.1109/DISTRA.2018.8601002. Internal Conflict: Definition, Types & Example. (2015, July 31). Retrieved from https://study.com/academy/lesson/internal-conflict-definition-types-example.html. Schermerhorn Jr, J., Hunt, J., & Osborn, R. (2002). Organizational Behavior. United States/New York: John Wiley&Sons: Inc Asyraf, Muhammad & Ibrahim, Hazril & Mohd Kassim, Muhammad Asyraf. (2014). CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT: A STUDY AMONG BANK EMPLOYEES IN PENANG. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law. 4. 45-53. Indeed Career Guide.com,(2020). Conflict Management : Styles, Skills and Examples. Retrieved from https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/careerdevelopment/conflict-management on 5th December 2020.

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