16 minute read
People
Standing fi rm on the need for carbon forestry
Being able to grow permanent exotic forests on their own land is a bottom-line demand for iwi, and one as important to New Zealand’s ability to meet Paris emission goals as it is to Māori wealth creation. Richard Rennie spoke to Te Kapunga Dewes, head of the National Māori Forestry Association.
TE KAPUNGA Dewes is happy for iwi to take credit for forcing the government’s hand recently on its proposed ban on permanent exotic carbon forests.
After initially proposing a rule change to allow only native species to be planted as permanent carbon forests,
Minister of Economic
Development Stuart Nash and
Climate Change Minister James
Shaw changed their tune, instead delaying any decision for the time being.
“We quickly came to the realisation it [the rule change] was politically motivated, not scientifi cally based,” Dewes says.
He is clearly impatient with the repetition of the claim that permanent pine forests will spell ecological disaster in 100 years’ time when they supposedly all collapse and decay.
“Twice I have asked Minister
Nash to withdraw that claim about forest collapse,” he says.
Research from Scion scientists has indicated pine populations do not collapse at year 100, rather populations become self-thinning with stronger trees continuing to grow through as smaller trees fall away over time. The Ministry for
Primary Industries website also cites research references to pine trees having the ability to live beyond 100 years.
Nash “has acknowledged the science since, but it still gets picked up and repeated”, says
Dewes.
He also ruefully notes the irony of ministerial concern at a supposed ecological disaster in 100 years’ time while the world faces down one far more immediate in the here and now as the climate changes.
Pushback from iwi on the native-exotics rule was also driven by a deep sense of indignation that they should be shut out of the one land-use option their poorer quality class 6-8 land could afford them.
“We have 1.6 million hectares of iwi land, of which at least 160,000ha is suitable for permanent forestry, with 80% being class 6-8, and 50% is underutilised, basically growing gorse,” Dewes says.
That land could generate $2000/ha/year in carbon forestry income, compared to the next most suitable use as sheep and beef at $250-$500 a hectare.
“I have estimated the wealth potential to be about $7 billion based on $2000/year carbon value.
“But Infometrics has put it as high as $64b, and it may fall somewhere between the two. But even at $7b, that is a big number.”
Dewes offers constructive solutions to the fi ve key areas he sees the government grappling with when it comes to exotics versus native carbon forests.
“Stand collapse is one, and we know that is just not true.
“The second is the risk of ‘plant and leave’ forests arising. We agree, we don’t want this either, it could be a problem, but it can be dealt with by having covenants and standards to which forests have to be planted and managed under through time.”
The third concern in the government is the risk of carbon price collapse as forest size grows.
“But that can be dealt with. Carbon credits are created, the supply can be limited down, or a minimal legislated fl oor price can be set. At present it is set at $25 a unit, it could be set higher.”
Fourthly, the government is concerned forests may not be able to transition from exotics to natives.
“Admittedly we have not had enough time in NZ to know with certainty that this will work, but we can draw inferences from modelling, and early research it is highly likely it will work, and we as iwi are comfortable we can manage that.”
He is also bemused by NZ’s defi nition of a forest’s rotation being as short-lived as 28 years. Other foresters are pushing for an extension to 40 years, or even 50, to facilitate trees like redwoods that need a longer run-up for carbon sequestration.
“In other countries including USA they only get started at year 50 and go from there. In Europe
We have 1.6 million hectares of iwi land of which at least 160,000ha is suitable for permanent forestry – and 50% is underutilised, basically growing gorse.
Te Kapunga Dewes National Māori Forestry Association DENIED: Te Kapunga Dewes says it is o ensive that iwi are denied the right to plant pro table carbon forests – while New Zealand may have to go o shore to purchase more carbon credits in the future.
it’s 150-year inter-generational rotations. Why not here?”
Longer rotations result in less prime land heading into trees and makes the economics of tougher hill country planting signifi cantly better, playing well to iwi’s land portfolio in areas like East Coast.
Dewes freely admits he’s been labelled a “farming antiChrist”, even by his own iwi members at times. But he contends the problems some rural communities face are not necessarily attributable to forestry. He fi nds claims about forestry workers only offering “drive in, drive out” contracting services in communities’ forests ironic, given he spent so much time doing just that in a shearing gang around the East Coast for years.
But he is even more concerned about the burning platform that NZ and the world now stand upon, and the cost to NZ if it doesn’t adopt more trees to do the heavy carbon lifting.
“By 2030 we may be required to buy 100 million carbon credits on some offshore carbon credit market at a cost of billions.
“Yet we as iwi are being told we are not allowed to take our land here in NZ and turn it to forestry, which would signifi cantly reduce that offshore cost of greening someone else’s country.
“It offends me deeply that we would not be talked to collectively about what we could do here with the land we have, to avoid that.”
Agri school programme to boost students’ skills
Staff reporter
A NEW in-school programme being piloted at Feilding High School and Palmerston North Boys High School aims to boost students’ agri-skills.
The pilot programme, launched by Westpac Agri Futures, Property Brokers and the Ministry for Primary Industries, will use a combination of tools, technology, champions and eventually culminate in an event where the students can demonstrate their newfound skills – thanks to the New Zealand Rural Games Trust.
Industry leaders like Farm 4 Life founder Tangaroa Walker, world champion shearer Rowland Smith and others will lead students through activities required for them to achieve NCEA level 1 and 2 credits.
The Agri Futures School Programme pilot is being organised by the New Zealand Rural Games Trust and is led by Feilding High School agri teacher Kain Nixon.
“We’ve created modules to complement the curriculum,” Nixon said.
“We are providing agri teachers with quality teaching equipment, from shearing handpieces and tools to wool samples, break fence equipment and an artifi cial insemination demonstration model.”
The students will also have access to Farm 4 Life’s Hub, providing access to a instructional videos that will further expand their knowledge base and skill level.
The MPI’s director of investment skills and performance, Cheyne Gillooly, said the aim of the pilot is to inspire and equip young people across the year.
“There are tonnes of exciting and varied career opportunities available in the food and fi bre sector and through this pilot programme we’ll help equip rangatahi with the skills and knowledge they need to succeed,” Gillooly said.
The year-long programme culminates on October 26-27 with students demonstrating their new skills and having one-on-one discussions with food and fi bre sector champions.
The programme has been made possible thanks to support from Heiniger, PGG Wrightson Feilding and Lister.
Kain Nixon Feilding High School
FARMERS WEEKLY – farmersweekly.co.nz – September 5, 2022
People Finding a river’s future in its past
An ambitious project to restore a stretch of river to what it was like before humans set foot in New Zealand is the passion project of North Canterbury dairy farmer and environmentalist John Faulkner, who has realised, he says, that the farming system may not be as environmentally friendly as it could be. He talked with Annette Scott about his biodiversity drive.
JOHN Faulkner is passionate about farming and equally passionate about the natural environment. Culturally and socially aware of both his responsibilities as a farmer and the community’s obligation to future generations, he has a vision for his Lockerbie Farm, and big plans for a restoration project that includes taking part of the land back to the state it would have been in when first encountered by Māori settlers.
“I think as you go through life, look at farming, you see the pros and cons and see some of the farming systems are not as friendly to the environment as they could be, and you figure out there are things you can do better,” Faulkner says. “There is a pathway out of the problems we are faced with.
“I have a young daughter and I want to leave something positive for her.”
He has a vision to restore endangered native bird and fish habitats, and restore the water of the Waiau Uwha River, one of the South Island’s most significant braided waterways.
The river is a key habitat for native fish and birds with at least two bird species, the dotterel and wrybill, critically endangered.
The project vision includes extensive riparian planting and a weed- and predator-eradication programme along an 18km stretch of the river leading to the Waiau township.
Faulkner acknowledges it is an ambitious project, but says imposing regulations alone is not going to achieve what is needed.
“We have a big job on our hands and it may not be completed in my lifetime but unless we as landowners get involved nothing will happen.”
An experienced managing director with a demonstrated history of working in the farming industry, Faulkner is involved with the Hurunui District Landcare Group (HDLG) and is a former chair of the Hurunui Waiau zone committee.
The zone committee achieved a lot, he says, but it was exhausting and is now in hiatus.
Faulkner is collaborating with neighbouring farmers and supporting moves for a wider catchment group to involve up to 40 farmers in the restoration and enhancement biodiversity project of the Waiau Uwha River.
The waterway stretches from the Spenser Mountains in the Lewis Pass area to the east coast of Canterbury about 50km south of Kaikōura.
The flood plain is home to rare and threatened birds including the black stilt, wrybill, white-fronted tern, black-billed gull and banded dotterel, as well as endangered invertebrates.
The river is threatened by human activities and weed and pest invasion. Despite a regional council regulatory planning process built around the Canterbury Water Management Strategy (CWMS), actions undertaken to protect and enhance the braided river have met with limited success.
Efforts at a local and regional level to advance environmental restoration projects have been slow, with parties unable to agree on a process that delivers significant on-ground action while minimising landowner angst about new regulations.
Faulkner says ground-up actions can deliver the mutually acceptable outcomes sought by landowners and environmental stakeholders.
Finding projects that can be supported by regional and district authorities, central government, local body, industry and environmental agencies enables communities to work actively towards solutions, Faulkner says. The Waiau Uwha restoration such a project.
He is leading the charge and – while throwing his support into the wider catchment group project – has also been undertaking a major restoration project on his own land.
Part one is his Lockerbie Farms project, which has received $50,000 from the HDLG through the Government’s One Billion Trees Fund to cover restoration of a previously wasted river boundary, designated Te Wahi o Te Hononga – the Place of Connection.
Work has also begun on the Kingfisher Corner and Totara Walk, with a privately facilitated drylands river terrace experiment being monitored on site.
Planting started in August 2020 and to date 7000 plantings taking in 70 different species – all endemic within a 5km radius and including traditional Māori medicinal plants – have been planted.
Each planting area is unique in character, with its biodiversity benefits, challenges and conservation opportunities reflected in the name of each specialised area.
As the sites at Lockerbie are developed, particularly Te Wahi, the Totara Walk and the drylands experiment, public interest and awareness is heightened.
“This is a great opportunity to build a public profile attracting sponsors, extending knowledge in the community, contributing to survivability successes on other district projects and creating great walk experiences for visitors,” says Faulkner.
To encourage biodiversity there is an opportunity to encourage more diverse flora and fauna, including more owls, breeding more rare birds and specialised plants and encouraging the local bee industry as well as insects and skinks.
Educational tours of the sites have been enjoyed by a variety of groups and businesses including Fonterra, Environment Canterbury,
John Faulkner Lockerbie Farms HABITAT: John Faulkner is working to restore an 18km stretch of the Waiau Uwha River, one of the South Island’s most significant braided waterways and a key habitat for native – and sometimes critically endangered – fish and birds. Photos: Annette Scott
Farmlands, local landowners and overseas visitors.
Faulkner says he has always had an interest in biodiversity and the environment as a farmer, but he did not understand all the specifics needed to build this vision.
“I have talked with a lot of experts and scientists in a lot of fields and learnt a lot,” he says. And without Canterbury-based native plant and restoration project specialist Sue McGaw, Faulkner says, he would be struggling.
“Sue knows every plant, her knowledge and passion is invaluable, her involvement has been a turning point.”
Part of the development on the farm’s river boundary is a site based on the concept of a nohoanga, a campsite used by iwi as a base for fishing and food harvesting influenced by maihinga kai (food resources) values.
“The aim is to create an area on this tradition as an access to maihinga kai. Plantings have included fruit trees, clean water is available and toilet and shower facilities at the camp area could be a plan for the future.”
He is hopeful his on-farm project will be the catalyst for other landowners to become a part of the greater Waiau Uwha River riparian restoration project with HDLG managing the funding.
“It is very doable to have pockets of plantings on farms that are within a short distance of each other to create bird hops that will see bellbirds” – and he promptly spots one – “and other native birds coming back into these areas again.”
Faulkner has had conversations with many as to whether to protect the river or not.
“Do we let it do its own thing – no. A thriving and healthy Waiau Uwha will ensure that future generations growing up along its banks will continue to prosper, provide increased maihinga kai and many recreational opportunities,” he says.
A biodiversity corridor of native flora will also help native birds to flourish by providing yearround food, and removing pests and weeds will help critically endangered birds and other species to safely breed.
Tourism is part of Faulkner’s vision.
“There is potential for tourism with fishing and kayaking and exploration of the native pockets created for picnicking and camping, but at this stage it’s a hard sell.
“The only way all this will happen is if all stakeholders work together and the only way to proceed is for landowners to get involved.
“I just want to get on with it and I think there are many others – farmers and conservation groups – that want to do stuff and make it happen too.
“Landowners are doing the heavy lifting, we’re doing it in the economy, biodiversity space, for greenhouse gas emissions.
“But we have to be given the capacity and space to do it, and we will make most progress with people in the community getting on with it together.”
The Waiau Uwha restoration project sits at the northern side of the Amuri Basin, 35km from Hanmer Springs, with its geographic isolation lending it to the establishment of marketing opportunities for the agricultural products produced in the area.
The project presents an opportunity for Amuri Basin agricultural products to use modern technology to identify track, trace, and market high-value culturally and environmentally sustainable produce.
If commercial benefits are seen to flow from the project this will support landowner uptake, Faulkner says.
The education component can teach the Ngāi Tahu history and the associated cultural values in the harvesting and collection of kai.
Community education and engagement with the project will teach the importance of braided rivers and associated biodiversity values.
In conjunction with his 47ha support block at Mouse Point north of Culverden, Faulkner is also managing his 162ha dairy farm, milking 560 HolsteinFriesian cows in tandem with his overall vision to restore and enhance the land and biodiversity.
Over the past five years an irrigation upgrade has included four new pivots, one linear irrigator and 195 pole sprinklers to replace rotorainers.
This has improved pasture growth and quality, helping to also keep water within the root zone and reducing leaching losses, while a new effluent system with a 640,000L tank can now apply effluent to 120ha, from just 36ha previously.
Nitrogen rates have been dialled back with the irrigation upgrade meaning the farm is close to maximising the uptake and benefit of the nitrogen.
An upgrade to the dairy shed last year enabled more efficient milking on a split herd basis and helped towards an environmental project A grade audit with the Amuri Irrigation Company.
Winter grazing and animal welfare are the current challenges, with a 500-cow composting barn being considered.
“I am convinced of all the positive points for the environment, mauri of the water, animal and staff and wellbeing, but does it [a composting barn] stack up as a business investment? I am investigating with consultants,” Faulkner says.
I think as you go through life, look at farming, you see some of the farming systems are not as friendly to the environment as they could be and you figure out there are things you can do better.
John Faulkner Lockerbie Farms
PLANTING: John Faulkner’s Lockerbie Farms project has received $50,000 through the government’s One Billion Trees Fund to cover restoration of a wasted river boundary, designated Te Wahi o Te Hononga – the Place of Connection.
