Spring Home & Garden by The Farmville Herald

MARCH 2021

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ardening is beneficial in various ways. The AARP states that some of the health perks associated with gardening include improved mood, increased vitamin D levels (which benefits bones and immune system) and reduced risk of dementia. In addition, if gardening efforts include growing herbs, fruits and vegetables, the endeavor can be a cost-effective way to eat healthy. For gardeners without sufficient space or for those with mobility issues, container gardening can be an ideal way to grow everything from flowers to vegetables. Sam Goin, assistant manager at Farmer’s Cooperative in Farmville, indicated that those interested in pursuing container gardening can treat Farmer’s Cooperative as a one-stop shop. “We’ve got the potting soil, we’ve got

Container gardening tips the vegetable plants, we’ve got vegetable seeds,” he said. “We’ve got fertilizer and pretty much everything they’re going to need for it.” Better Homes & Gardens says most plants are not fussy about the containers in which they grow so long as some of their basic needs are met. This means watering correctly for the type of plant and ensuring sufficient drainage. The following are some other ways container gardening efforts can prove successful. • Watch water. Planet Natural Research Center says plants with thin leaves typically need ample water, and plants with thick leaves need less. Use this as a guideline to gauge water needs. • Size correctly. Plants should be sized to the container. Consider dwarf varieties of certain plants if your containers are small.

• Choose the right soil. Fill containers with a commercial potting soil rather than soil from the garden. Garden soil can dry into a solid mass, while commercial mixtures have amendments like peat moss, vermiculite, compost and other ingredients to help with soil texture and moisture retention. • Mix it up. When planting containers of flowers and other greenery, Good Housekeeping says to include “a thriller, a spiller and a filler” as a good rule of thumb. The thriller is the focal point, the spiller is a trailing plant, and a filler

has smaller leaves or flowers to add bulk and color. • Poke holes. Drainage holes are essential so that soil will not become waterlogged. Holes don’t need to be large, but there should be enough of them so that excess water can drain out readily. • Select the right container material. Container materials may be affected by gardeners’ budgets, personal taste and other factors. For those who live in hot climates, selecting a light-colored container can help prevent further soil heat absorption.

Container gardening is a healthy and enjoyable activity that can pay dividends in various ways.

A guide to buying and setting up a bird bath

arm weather means more opportunities to spend time outdoors while at home. Whether your favorite form of outdoor recreation includes sitting on the patio reading or digging in the garden, there’s a good chance that you will be sharing the space with local wildlife. Optimizing opportunities to view and interact with backyard wildlife can make the great outdoors even more enjoyable. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology indicates that there are around 2,059 bird species on the continent of North America. Red-winged blackbirds, yellow-rumped warblers, American robins, and chipping sparrows are among the most commonly seen birds in North America. Making a backyard hospitable to birds can increase the chances for sightings and hearing their sweet

songs. Installing a bird bath can be a step in the right direction. Bird baths can make yards more attractive to birds. Birds require a supply of fresh, clean water for drinking and bathing. By setting up a bath, homeowners can attract not only seed-loving birds, but those that don’t eat seeds and wouldn’t normally congregate around feeders, indicates All About Birds. Experts surmise that birds may bathe to maintain their feathers. Not all bird baths are constructed the in the same fashion. Many bird baths sold in stores are better suited for decoration than for serving as functional baths. There are four general types of bird bath: standing pedestal, hanging bath, deck-mounted, and ground-level. In general, the lower a bird bath is to the ground, the more likely birds are to use it. Most natural sources of water birds use are on or

near the ground. Therefore, groundlevel bird baths may be the best investments. It is important to keep the water in a bird bath shallow (around two inches of water or less). This enables birds to splash around safely and wade in. Birds do not want to slide around, so a material that is coated and slippery, like glazed ceramic or glass, may not be too popular. Rough stone or a bird bath modified with pea gravel or rocks can give birds steady footing. Although pedestal style bird baths are attractive, baths closer Place the bird bath to the ground tend to attract more birds. in the shade if possible to ensure the water is cool and be used is to keep it clean and mainfresh. Locate it by a tree so the birds tained. Change the water every day or can hop up to a branch and preen two. Rinse off the bath to remove dropafterwards. All About Birds also says pings, bugs and other debris. that a bird bath is more attractive if it Once birds learn there is a comforthas a dripping or moving water feature, able bath nearby, they may be more as this is often irresistible to birds. apt to visit a yard and may even beAnother way to ensure the bath will come frequent guests.

Mulching mistakes to avoid

andscape features vary significantly from house to house. Some homeowners may prefer water features on their properties, while others focus on flowers that would be the envy of a botanical garden. Regardless of those preferences, lawn and garden enthusiasts who want to make their properties as idyllic as possible may eventually look to mulch to help them accomplish that goal.

Mulch helps soil retain moisture, which promotes strong, healthy flowers, plants, trees, and shrubs. And because soil beneath mulch retains more moisture than soil that’s not protected by mulch, homeowners won’t have to spend as much time watering mulched landscapes. That saves time and conserves water, which can be a big benefit in areas prone to drought and/or especially hot summers. Mulch also helps to

suppress weed growth, which can ensure all that hard work needed to create an eye-catching garden won’t be compromised by the presence of unsightly, thirsty weeds. Mulching seems like a simple task, and it can be. But that does not mean homeowners cannot make mistakes when mulching. The following are some common mulching mistakes to avoid as lawn and garden season hits full swing. • Not enough mulch: Mulch is ineffective when spread too thin. The Virginia Cooperative Extension at Virginia Tech and Virginia State University recommends applying mulch no less than two inches in depth. Anything less than that will prove ineffective at preventing weed growth and helping the soil retain moisture, and that means you will need to water more often.

• Poorly located mulch: Mulch should not be placed too close to plant stems or tree trunks. When it is, tissue is so wet that it makes for a perfect environment for disease and insect infestation. • Failing to mulch to the drip line: The drip line of a tree refers to the outermost circumference of the tree’s canopy from which water drips onto the ground. The VCE recommends mulching to the drip line of a plant or tree, which ensures the plant or tree will get the most out of the mulch. Mulching to the drip line also minimizes competition from the grass, leading to stronger plants and trees. • Failing to weed before mulching: Weeds should be removed prior to mulching. If they’re not, the mulch can provide the same growing environment for weeds that you’re trying to create for your plants and trees.

Mulching benefits a landscape in myriad ways, especially when homeowners avoid some common mulching mistakes.

How to prepare a garden for spring planting

he final weeks of winter, and even the first few weeks of spring, are still chilly in many parts of the world. Despite those last vestiges of winter chills, late winter is a great time to begin preparing gardens for the coming planting season. Gardens may have to withstand months of harsh weather each winter, and such conditions can take a toll. Gardeners can consider the following tips as they try to restore their gardens and get them ready for spring planting. • Disinfect your tools. It’s common to clean tools in late fall or whenever they’re typically placed in storage for the winter. But cleaning and disinfecting are not necessarily the same thing. If tools were not disinfected at the end of the previous gardening season, disinfect them before doing any work on the garden. Doing so can ensure any

lingering bacteria or fungi on tool surfaces are killed prior to the beginning of gardening season. According to the University of Minnesota Extension, plant pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, can be transferred to and infect plants through bits of soil and plant debris left on shovels and pruner blades. Thoroughly disinfecting such tools prior to using them in the spring is a great way to reduce the risk of disease in your garden. • Clear debris from garden beds. Leaves, twigs, sticks and other debris may have gathered in the garden over the winter. Such debris can inhibit the growth of plants and vegetables, so make sure all of it is removed prior to planting. Weeds might even begin to sprout up in late winter and early spring, so remove them before they go to seed. • Test the soil. Testing the soil prior to

Late winter and early spring are good times to assess a garden and address any issues that developed over the winter so plants and vegetables can thrive come the spring planting season.

8 planting can help gardeners determine what their gardens will need to thrive in the coming months. Garden centers and home improvement stores sell home testing kits that are effective and easy to use. Once the results are in, speak with a professional at your local garden center about the best time to amend the soil. Carolyn Bowman, of the The Farmer’s Daughters in Rice, suggested that prior to getting a soil sample and fertilizing accordingly, you could till the soil and add soil amendments such as compost and other key nutrients your soil will need to make a more abundant flower

or garden bed. • Loosen compacted soil. Soil can become compacted over winter. If compacted soil is not loosened prior to planting, plants will have a hard time getting the water and nutrients they need to thrive. Loosening the soil also provides another opportunity to inspect the garden for any underlying issues, such as fungi or weed growth, that you may have missed when clearing debris or testing the soil. Bowman highlighted a different element of space to be considered in a flower or garden bed. She recommended planning ahead for summer

flowering plants and urged gardeners to remember not to plant too close together, allowing for proper airflow. She said this will help prevent insects from making a new home, and it will prevent the development of fungal diseases from lack of airflow. Late winter is a good time to assess a garden and address any issues that developed over the winter so plants and vegetables can thrive come the spring planting season. Thinking of new gardeners, Bowman said the main thing to remember is to try new plantings in small amounts at a time and not to take on too many tasks at one time.

“It will make it more enjoyable in the long run,” she said. “Gardening is supposed to take you into a happy place, not a rat race, and when selecting plantings, read labels that will attract butterflies, birds and the bees while you sit back and enjoy your beautiful creation.” She noted The Farmer’s Daughters carries all kinds of vegetables, herbs, shrubs, annuals, perennials and trees that area gardeners can choose from, with staff on hand seven days a week to answer all your gardening questions. “We also carry screened, organic blended topsoils to add to any garden, but in bulk or bags,” she said. “We also carry mulches and stones.”

Loosening the compacted soil before planting is an important step to prepare a garden in the spring.

How to control common spring pests

ust when winter thaws out and people are anxious to enjoy the blooming flowers and luscious lawns of spring, pesky pests can appear and impact comfort levels and safety. Many pests resume their levels of activity as spring draws closer and temperatures warm up. The presence of these insects and rodents may cause problems in and around a home, which makes it essential to recognize them and avoid issues. The following are some of the more common spring pests and how to remedy infestations.

PAVEMENT ANTS

side of their homes. These ants are light brown to black with appendages that are lighter than the rest of their bodies. Small in stature, pavement ants have parallel lines on their heads and thorax, according to pest extermination company Orkin. Although pavement ants nest outdoors, they can enter homes through small crevices in search of food scraps. Their large colonies may not disappear until treatment is introduced. Keep foods in tightly sealed containers, clear counters and floors of crumbs, and address water sources, such as leaks. Pesticides may be needed in extreme conditions.

Pavement ants are some of the most common pests residents encounter inside and out-

Fleas are tiny, jumping, bit-

FLEAS

Homeowners can take the steps necessary to cut down on pests in and around their homes.

10 ing pests that must find a host upon which to live. As ectoparasites, they feed on blood while living on the body of living hosts. Pets can bring fleas inside the yard and home in warm weather. According to the University of California Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program, flea larvae develop more quickly at higher temperatures. At normal room temperatures, the entire life cycle of a flea is about 18 days. Several flea control products are available to control fleas on cats and dogs. There also may be powders and sprays to alleviate flea infestations in the home. Vacuuming is also very effective in killing larvae in the carpet and at picking up adults.

WASPS An errant wasp, hornet or yellow jacket may have survived winter and ridden out the colder temperatures within a home. Once the weather warms, queens will begin to look for places to lay eggs and establish colo-

nies. Treating areas where wasps are seen entering and leaving the home is key. Seal holes as soon as possible. Although wasps help control other insect populations, their painful stings and potentially aggressive nature can make them challenging to have around a home. If a nest is found, hire a professional to remove it.

SPIDERS Many spiders are not harmful enough to humans and pets to be much of a problem. In fact, spiders can be helpful to have around to control the populations of other insects. Still, many homeowners would prefer these web-slinging friends remain outdoors. Therefore, sealing cracks in a home’s foundation and repairing small openings around windows and doors can help keep spiders out. Also, alleviating moisture issues in basements, garages or attics may keep out other bugs that would be prey to spiders.

In safe amounts, chlorine should not adversely affect lawns and other plants that surround pools.

Pools and lawns can get along

omeowners interested in installing pools in their backyards need not worry about the potential impact of such decisions on surrounding landscapes. According to the Association of Pool & Spa Professionals, there are 10.4 million residential and 309,000 public swimming pools in the United States. Many homeowners wonder if the chlorine and other chemicals in pool water have any affect on the lawn, particularly if pool water robs lawns of vital nutrients they need to thrive. But the resource All About Lawns says most people needn’t worry about errant drops or even higher levels of overflow. It all comes down to the selectivity of grass. Blades of grass are particular about which

nutrients from the water they absorb and in what quantities. Lawns are largely unaffected by chlorine. Furthermore, soil can withstand chlorine when kept at applicable sanitary levels, which generally range between two to three parts per million, at high acid levels. That’s much more than is usually contained in pool water. Pool water is also maintained in the neutral range at a pH of 6.5 to 7.8, which is safe for plants. Should the pool water test at a higher acidity or alkalinity, it can adversely affect landscapes, particularly delicate plants. Pool owners should be diligent about smart application and storage of pool chemicals. Powdered or liquid chlorine and other water chemistry products that spill onto grass or plants may cause damage.

Types of firepits for your backyard oasis

utdoor entertaining areas are popular among homeowners, and firepits are one of the most sought-after additions to such spaces. In fact, a 2016 survey from the American Society of Landscape Architects found that fireplaces and firepits were the most popular outdoor design element in 2016. Various styles are available to homeowners who want to add firepits to their backyards, and choosing the right type may come down to budget, the amount of yard space available or even personal preference. • Wood firepit: As their name suggests, wood firepits burn wood, which may appeal to homeowners who already have wood-burning fireplaces inside their homes. Because they don’t require homeowners to tap into gas lines, wood

firepits are generally easy to set up and install, and many homeowners prefer the aesthetic appeal of crackling wood and flames that’s synonymous with wood firepits. • Gas firepit: Gas firepits are touted for their convenience, as they don’t require homeowners to carry wood and build fires. Upon being connected to a gas source, gas firepits provide fire at the click of a switch. Gas firepits are also appreciated for their safety, as there is little or no risk that flames from gas firepits will grow too large and become difficult to control. • Gas fire tables: Gas fire tables might be ideal for those homeowners whose sense of decor favors more modern looks. Gas fire tables come in a variety of shapes and sizes and, like gas firepits, there’s no need to struggle with lighting a

fire or carrying firewood. • Tabletop firepits: Homeowners, condominium or apartment dwellers with limited backyard space may want to consider the convenience of tabletop firepits. Restaurants may use tabletop firepits in their outdoor seating areas because they provide warmth and ambiance without taking up much space. Tabletop firepits fueled by gas will not need to be connected to a gas source, which may appeal to consumers who want something that’s simple as well as small. • Fire urns: While they might not technically qualify as firepits, fire urns provide a similar effect as firepits. Fire urns are typically gas-powered and may be an ideal choice for homeowners who are looking for a unique, awe-inspiring feature for their outdoor entertain- There are several different types of fire pits that can make a ing areas. backyard more invited for nighttime use.

Select the right fertilizer for your needs

or plants to truly flourish, the right growing conditions and soil that offers the right nutrients is of paramount importance. Fertilizer enhances soil so that plants and flowers can thrive. However, fertilizer is not a one-size-fits-all mix. Choosing fertilizer can be a little overwhelming thanks to the variety of formulations available at neighborhood lawn and garden centers. Shelves contain all-purpose products, such as those billed as vegetable fertilizer, and even formulations geared toward specific flower varieties. Others may feature buzzwords like “all-natural” or “organic,” and consumers may not be sure just what they need to keep plants healthy. The following guidelines can help any would-be gardener or landscaper grow more vibrant plants.

START WITH A SOIL TEST It’s difficult to determine what plants need without an accurate picture of what’s going on in the ground. A soil test can paint a picture of what’s going on and indicate if any nutrients are lacking. A common misconception is that gardeners fertilize plants. But fertilizer amends the soil that feeds plants, according to the soil-testing lab professionals at Virginia Tech. Soil types vary by region, and conditions may even vary between spots on a landscape. Testing where the plants will be placed can yield the most accurate results. Soil tests are available at gardening centers and online. Otherwise, landscaping professionals can conduct tests.

KNOW THE N-P-K RATIO Most fertilizers will come with information concerning the nutrients

within. Most notably the information will include a breakdown of how much nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) is in the mix. Judging by the soil test, gardeners can choose a product that will give them the right ratio to amend the soil for the type of plant they are hoping to grow. Complete fertilizers often have NPK in the formulation. Incomplete fertilizers may have only one or two nutrients. This allows a person to customize fertilizer even more without overdoing it with a particular nutrient.

GROW PLANT KNOWLEDGE A cursory knowledge of the plants being planted in the garden also can be helpful. Gardeners must recognize that some plants will not tolerate excess amounts of a particular fertilizer component, while some may need more. Checking books out of the library, seeking information online and consulting with landscaping experts will help expand homeowners’ knowledge about plant types and the needs of each particular plant they hope to grow.

SOLID AND LIQUID FERTILIZER Fertilizers are generally sold in pellets, spikes and liquid forms. Pellets or granules are dispersed over large areas and will gradually offer nutrients when the soil is watered. Liquid fertilizer is concentrated and fast-acting. These may be used for container plants or smaller areas. Spikes usually are placed in houseplants or to feed individual trees or shrubs. Depending on the formulation, fertilizer may need to be reapplied once a month or more. Consult the product packaging for the correct application advice. Chris Rogers is owner of B & M Greenhouse Inc., a neighborhood garden center in Farmville, and he noted most of the fertilizers his company offers to help gardeners are organic. “Espoma is an organic company and sells herb and vegetable fertilizers, tomato fertilizers, and they have a lot of organic ingredients in them, and they don’t burn, and they last a long time,” he said, highlighting an example of an organic fertilizer available at B & M.

Fertilizer amends soil to grow stronger, more resilient plants.

Outdoor improvements that boost home value

hether home improvement projects are design to improve the interior or exterior of a house, focusing on renovations that make the most financial sense can benefit homeowners in the long run. The right renovations can be assets if and when homeowners decide to sell their homes. So how does one get started? First and foremost, speak to a local real estate agent who is knowledgeable about trends in the community. While a swimming pool may be something coveted in one area, it may impede sales in another. It also helps to study generalized trends and data from various home improvement industry analysts to guide upcoming projects. The following outdoor projects are just a few renovations that tend to add value. • Fire pit: A fire pit is a great place to gather most months of the year. Bob

ing, dining and even watching TV outdoors is increasingly popular. Outdoor living areas can be custom designed and built. In addition, prefabricated modular units that require a much smaller commitment of time and money are available. Many different outdoor projects can add value to a home. • Patio: Homeowners who Vila and CBS news report that a fire pit do not already have a patio will find realizes a 78 percent return on investthat adding one can increase a home’s ment, or ROI. value. Patios help a home look neat, add • Outdoor kitchen: Many buyers useable space and may help a home to are looking to utilize their yards as an sell quickly. The experts at Space Wise, extension of interior living areas. Cooka division of Extra Space Storage, say

that refinishing, repairing and building a new patio offers strong ROI. • Deck: A deck can be as valuable as patios. A deck is another outdoor space that can be used for entertaining, dining and more. Remodeling magazine’s 2018 “Cost vs. Value” report indicates that an $11,000 deck can add about $9,000 in resale value to the home, recouping around 82 percent of the project’s costs. • Door update: Improve curb appeal with a new, high-end front door and garage doors. If that’s too expensive, a good cleaning and new coat of paint can make an old door look brand new. These easy fixes can improve a home’s look instantly. • New landscaping: The National Association of Realtors says an outdoor makeover that includes well-thought out landscaping can net 105 percent ROI. Installing a walkway, adding stone planters, mulching, and planting shrubs are ideas to consider.

Create an efficient, inviting outdoor living environment

e ready to enjoy the warm days of spring and summer with an updated outdoor dining/living/garden area that is welcoming and efficient. Woodcraft has the tools and supplies you will need, along with helpful advice at your local store and free how-to articles on Woodcraft.com.

PROJECTS Take stock of your outdoor furniture — do you need more? Would colorful new Adirondack

chairs, a new picnic table and maybe a garden bench and planters be more inviting? Or perhaps a cleanup and new paint would bring your existing furniture to life for another season? Does your porch/patio/ deck area need to be resurfaced or enlarged? Streamline your dining by building mobile carts to transport food for prep and for serving. Add a butcher block top to the food prep cart and storage drawers to both, and improve the efficiency and pleasure of Building mobile carts for food prep or serving can streamline outdoor dining options.

15 your dining experience. Gardeners may want to build a potting bench and wooden flatbed wagon to haul plants and supplies.

TOOLS, SUPPLIES AND HOW-TOS “Make anywhere your workspace with the Kreg Mobile Project Center,” Woodcraft senior product manager Peter Collins said. “It’s a portable workbench, sawhorse, assembly table, and clamping station all in one that provides a versatile work space for DIY, repair, and woodworking projects.” The large 273 ⁄4” x 311 ⁄ 2” polypropylene work surface supports a 350-lb. load capacity, and two centers can be connected to double the work area. Collins also suggested adding the new Kreg In-line Bench Clamp and Bench Clamp System for Dog Holes to make almost every clamping task possible. Visit Woodcraft.com to see Building Plans for Outdoor Furniture, as well as Adirondack chair templates. Wood-

craft.com also offers a large number of how-to articles such as “Laid Back in a Classic Adirondack” that shows how to build with Adirondack chair templates, while “WoodSense: Spotlight on Outdoor Projects,” describes woods that work well outdoors. For building projects, the Freeman 11 ⁄4” 18-Gauge Brad Nailer is a professional quality, innovative home improvement tool that is great for furniture. Its oil-free operation requires no regular maintenance and eliminates the risk of stains on project surfaces. If your joinery choice requires screws, the Groz Insta Drive Screwdriver features a patented retractable, rotating bit cartridge that makes it easy to find, store and change driver bits. For hauling lumber or other large items to your project site, use the Xstrap Heavy Duty Ratchet Tie Down to hold up to 1,000 pounds in place on a truck bed. To finish new furniture or recolor existing pieces — and brighten your

outdoor landscape — choose one of the 28 premixed General Finishes Milk Paint colors that can be mixed, lightened, glazed, layered, antiqued, or distressed. Other good choices for outdoor surfaces include General Finishes Outdoor Oil Finish (use over exterior oil stain or exterior clear oil finishes for additional protection) and General Finishes 450 Varnish (minimizes fading, retards mold and fungus growth). For painting guidance, watch “Hand Applied Milk Paint from General Finishes at Woodcraft” and read “Create a Milk Paint Masterpiece” on Woodcraft.com. HOMERIGHT’s Finish Max HVLP Sprayer will spray most solvent (except lacquer and conversion varnish) or water-based products — latex paint, milk paint, chalk paint, furniture paint, stains, and finishes. It’s easy to set up, use and clean. When painting furniture, consider using the HOMERIGHT Large Spray Shelter. When painting small accessories, opt

for the Small Spray Shelter. For furniture that needs some TLC, read “Restoring Outdoor Projects” on Woodcraft.com to learn how to determine what needs to be deep cleaned, repaired, rebuilt and repainted. Handy helpers for the TLC process include Blue Bear Paint and Urethane Stripper, Krud Kutter No-Rinse Prepaint Cleaner, Titebond III Ultimate Wood Glue, SculpWood Putty, and Briwax ChaiRX.

CUSTOM GARDEN & GAME PROJECTS Turn a unique transplanter, cultivator and weeder with the three-piece WoodRiver Garden Tool Turning Kit constructed of durable, cast aluminum. Turning blanks for the handle, sold separately, may be made from wood, acrylic or another man-made material. Build a wooden croquet set with help from “Picnic Perfect Croquet Set” in Issue 65 of Woodcraft Magazine. Subscribers can download the article free, or the issue can be purchased at Woodcraft.com.

Saving bees one hive at a time: The basics of backyard beehives

cientists and environmentalists have been warning the public for years that honeybees are disappearing at alarming rates. Scientists were initially uncertain in regard to what was decimating bee populations. Even though no single cause is to blame, data has pointed to pesticide use and the mysterious colony collapse disorder, which is a name given to the dwindling colonies seen around the world. National Geographic News says bees are essential because of their roles as pollinators. Agriculture industries rely on honeybees, especially managed honeybees, to keep commercial crops pollinated and productive. Estimates indicate that roughly one-third of U.S. crops rely on honeybees — account-

ing for more than $15 billion in crop production. Without bees, the costs of everything from blueberries to apples to broccoli would rise, as farmers would have to use a different, more expensive pollination method. Even though backyard beehives or bee farms may not be crucial to consumer agriculture, bringing healthy colonies back to various areas is beneficial to the environment overall. The art of beekeeping has become an important endeavor, and just about anyone with some time and resources can start their own apiary. • Start by studying bees. Interested beekeepers can begin their journey by reading all they can on beekeeping. The American Bee Journal or backyard beekeeping books and articles are great

places to start. Local beekeeping associations also are invaluable resources for information on local bee species and traits. • Know the laws. It’s important to get the go-ahead from local authorities before introducing bees into the community. By checking city or town ordinances, potential beekeepers will know how many hives are allowed and which type of property sizes are amenable and allowable. • Get the right supplies. Research can help prospective beekeepers understand the type The art of beekeeping has become an important of equipment they will need. One endeavor, and just about anyone with some time can purchase this equipment, and resources can start their own apiary. but some beekeeping organizations may be willing to lend or rent it to start selling in the winter for spring interested parties. Hive boxes, bottom swarms. boards, a veil, a jacket, a smoker, and a • Place the hive. It’s important to set top feeder are just some of the supplies up hives away from foot traffic. In addineeded. tion, face hives away from strong winds, • Order bees. Bees can be acquired with the ideal directions being east and from other beekeeping enthusiasts or south. Hives need sunshine and some can be ordered online. The bees will shade on summer afternoons, advises need to consist of the queen, drones BackYardHive. and worker bees. According to the With time, homeowners can become resource Bees Brothers, a starter set successful beekeepers and do their part of bees is called a “nuc.” Bee suppliers to replenish much-needed bee colonies.

Stop making these eight common grilling mistakes

ooking food over an open fire when grilling with charcoal. And avoid imparts all sorts of flavor. repeated pyrotechnics with fluid, or Grilling tends to be quicker, worse, gasoline. less messy and more conve5. Too much direct heat: Food should nient than cooking in the kitchen — par- not char on the outside before the ticularly during the dog days of summer. inside has a chance to cook. A two-zone Outdoor grills are seemingly evfire, according to food experts at Serierywhere, including many backyards ous Eats, enables grillmasters to cook across the country. That grills are over high heat to sear and then move so commonplace doesn’t mean that the food to a lower temperature to coneveryone grilling is employing the right tinue to cook evenly. techniques. Becoming the ultimate 6. Playing with food: Grilling does grillmaster involves understanding not require much intervention. Repeatthe subtleties of grilling and avoiding edly flipping and squeezing meat and common mistakes so food can look and poultry can cause flavorful juices to taste that much better. leak out. Then you’re left with dried-out 1. Not prepping the food: The French food. Resist any urges to prod and poke culinary term for preparing to cook food. And minimize how many times is “mise en place.” This is especially you lift the grill cover to take a peek, as important when grilling, as cooks must that can cause temperatures to fluctudeal with faster cooking times than ate. Use a thermometer to determine they would otherwise encounter when when food is done. And don’t forget cooking meals in the stove. that meat will still cook a bit after it’s 2. Dirty grill: Make sure the grill taken off the grill. is cleaned before and after each use. 7. Improper seasoning: Basting food Grease can quickly build up on a grill, with sugar-laden sauces and marinades leading to flare-ups that can cause too early can cause flare-ups and burnfoods to char. Frequent cleaning also ing. Quick rubs can help lock in flavor, helps grillmasters avoid a tiresome and then reserve the sauce for the last cleaning process at the start of the few minutes of grilling, says cookbook season. author Dave Martin. 3. Forgetting to preheat: Preheating 8. Digging in too soon: Give meats a the grill ensures that foods will cook chance to rest for between five and 10 quickly and as evenly as possible. Othminutes to allow the juices to redistriberwise, meats can lose moisture and ute through the food. This improves even stick to cooler grates. Reader’s flavor and tenderness. Digest suggests preheating to between 350 F and 450 F depending on the food. 4. Overreliance on lighter fluid: The chemical taste of lighter fluid can transfer to foods even when the fluid is used sparingly. Consider using a Avoiding these common grilling mistake will make you a certified chimney starter grillmaster.

The dangers of mowing too low

pring marks the return of many things. Trees and flowers begin to bloom again in spring, while warmer temperatures are welcomed back with open arms. Grass also begins to grow again in the spring. That means it’s not too long before homeowners have to dust off their lawn mowers and get to work. Those who don’t necessarily enjoy mowing the lawn may be tempted to cut their grass very low, as doing so can mean longer intervals between mowing sessions. However, mowing grass too low can have a very adverse

effect on a lawn. • Cutting too low can injure the grass. This creates what is essentially a domino effect of problems to come. Injured grass will focus on its recovery efforts, thereby making it vulnerable to other issues. Matt Holland, marketing coordinator with James River Equipment, which has locations in Dillwyn and Burkeville, shared a key to avoiding cutting too low. “Picking a lawn tractor with a select cut system can ensure a properly maintained lawn that stays green and thick,” he said. • Cutting too low promotes weed growth. Injured grass is vulnerable to invaders, including weeds and insects. Weeds and insects can attack grass as it recovers from injury, and before homeowners know it, their lawns are overcome with a host of problems. • Cutting too low allows crabgrass to thrive. Crabgrass needs ample sunlight to grow. By cutting grass too low, homeowners may unknowingly be promoting crabgrass growth. Crabgrass is unsightly and can Mowing grass too low can have a remarkably adrob surrounding grass of verse effect on a lawn. the moisture it needs to

JAMES RIVER EQUIPMENT

Pictured is the deck adjuster on a John Deere Select Series lawn tractor available at James River Equipment. The adjuster is key to avoiding cutting grass too low.

grow. So lawns cut too low may not only lose their lush appeal thanks to the unattractive appearance of crabgrass but also because areas surrounding the crabgrass patches might turn brown due to lack of water. • Cutting too low can stress the grass. Cutting too low also makes lawns vulnerable to summer heat.

Without blades tall enough to block some of the summer sun, grass can quickly succumb to summer heat, leading to dried out, discolored lawns. “The cutting height adjuster on John Deere Select Series lawn tractors allows for adjustment from 1 to 4 inches in ¼-inch increments,” Holland said. “This feature allows you to get the perfect height every time.”

The benefits of smart irrigation systems

he world has a water problem. Though the planet is 70 percent water, according to the World Bank, estimates indicate that with current population growth and water-management practices, the world will face a 40 percent shortfall between forecast demand and available supply of water by 2030. Conservation is one of the ways the world can confront its water problem head-on, potentially preventing billions of people from facing a water scarcity in the years to come. One of the ways people in the developed world can help to conserve water is by employing smart irrigation systems in their homes. Smart irrigation systems employ a similar type of smart technology many homeowners already rely on inside their homes. By employing such technology in their lawns and gardens, homeowners can reap many

of the same rewards they enjoy by using smart home systems inside their homes, all while benefitting the planet. • Some smart irrigation systems can recognize the local weather. Many smart irrigation systems connect to the internet via homeowners’ Wi-Fi. This allows the systems to take current weather into account before watering lawns and gardens. For example, a smart irrigation system can identify if it recently rained and cancel a scheduled watering. This helps homeowners avoid watering lawns and gardens when nature has already done the watering for them. • Smart irrigation systems can save homeowners money. While smart irrigation systems can cost several thousand dollars, those costs can be recouped over time. Smart irrigations systems can detect when cooler weather has arrived, turning down water output as a result. That conserves water

and saves homeowners money. When coupled with the savings they’ll realize because their irrigation systems aren’t water during rainy periods, homeowners will soon be on track to recouping their smart irrigation investments. • Smart irrigation systems conserve water. People in the developed world are accustomed to having water at the ready. But many people across the globe enjoy no such luxury. For example, the organization Save the WaterTM notes that the average American uses 2,000 gallons of water everyday, while the average African family uses just five gallons of water each day. Much of that disparity can be traced to a lack of access and scarcity of supply in the undeveloped world. By utilizing technology like smart irrigation systems, homeowners can help ensure there is sufficient water for everyone, Smart irrigation systems are sound investments regardless of where they live, in the that can help conserve water and benefit future coming decades. generations.

Top five hottest home building trends

hese days, home trends are about more than good design and aesthetics — they’re about creating spaces that reflect our values and are more comfortable and enjoyable to live in. From net-zero and net-positive construction to tiny minimalist homes, trends are all about your family’s lifestyle. Whether you’re shopping for a new home, renovating your own or creating a new build from scratch, here are some of the biggest trends you need to know for inspiration. Sustainable design: This one has been popular for a long time, but green design has evolved to be about much more than energy-efficient appliances and LED light bulbs. Now, it’s all about making sure everything in your home reduces your carbon footprint and minimizes any impact on the environment. To try the trend yourself, think big and get creative – install solar panels on your roof, choose building materi-

als that don’t require deforestation and upcycle old furniture for decorative elements instead of buying new. Disaster resiliency: Climate change affects us in so many negative ways, and one of the top concerns is the increase in natural disasters. From wildfires that last for months to major floods that affect entire cities, we now need to prepare for the worst when building our homes. Switching to disaster-resilient materials is an important first step. Many builders now prefer to use stronger, more energy-efficient materials like insulated concrete forms (ICFs) instead of more traditional materials like wood. For example, Nudura ICFs can withstand winds of up to 250 miles per hour (equivalent to an F4 tornado) and offer a fire protection rating of up to four hours. Outdoor living: Many of us are now choosing to forgo getting a cottage or summer home and recreate the experi-

ence in our own backyards. This trend helps you make the most of your existing space and take full advantage of your yard or patio during the summer months. You can design a full living space outside, complete with an outdoor television and comfy couches, as well as a kitchen and refrigerator for entertaining. Consider adding a fireplace or An infinity edge pool is one of the hottest trends in backfirepit to keep warm dur- yard pool installations. ing cool summer nights and enjoy the outdoors through spring, tronic devices. fall and even winter if you’re brave. Customization: You don’t have to Home automation: This is another settle for what mass manufacturers longstanding trend that shows no signs decide to build, or what works for of slowing down. It has also evolved to everyone else. Creating a home that’s encompass more of the home to make as unique as you are is the latest trend, life even more comfortable and convewith custom-built storage and personalnient. From an oven that can be turned ized architectural features to make your on remotely to preheat, to skylights space stand out. that can open and close automatically You can even go as far as building a to create the perfect ambient temperacustom home that’s suited to your famture, there are more ways than ever to ily. Older home demolitions and purintegrate smart home technology into chasing land-only properties is becomyour living space. ing more common, allowing you to work You can start small with voice aswith an architect to create exactly what sistant and smart light bulbs and work you want with a new build. your way up to a total smart home Find more information about the system that includes home security, benefits of building a home with ICFs at temperature controls and all your elecnudura.com.

Pollinators are an important part of gardens

thriving backyard garden requires homeowners to take steps to ensure the garden has the best environment in which to grow and thrive. The right tools and components, including trowels, rakes, soil, amendments, and fertilizer, can help gardeners create beautiful spaces. It’s also important that pollinators are made to feel welcome in the garden. The United States Department of Agriculture reports that one-third of all agricultural output depends on pollinators. The USDA notes that insects and other animal pollinators are vital to the production of healthy crops for food, fibers, edible oils, medicines, and other products. Pollinators also are essential for maintaining habitats and ecosystems that many wild animals rely on for food and shelter. The U.S. Forest Service says that, without pollinators, the human race and all of the earth’s terrestrial ecosystems would not survive. Pollination done the natural way often yields large, flavorful fruits. Pollinators are make-or-break components of largescale agriculture, and they’re just as important in private home gardens. The Pollinator Partnership, an organization that works to protect pollinators and

• Consider the soil and types of plants that will thrive in it before choosing what to plant. Fix drainage issues and plant with sunlight in mind. • Vary the colors and shapes of plants to attract a greater array of pollinators. Plant flowers close to vegetable gardens to attract pollinators. • Group plants together when planting to more effectively attract pollinators. • Select plants that flower at different times of the year so that nectar and pollen sources are available yearround. • Whenever possible, choose native Allow pollinators to share spaces and be mindful of behaviors that can plants. threaten their survival. • Avoid the use of pesticides. • Provide a water source for poltheir habitats across North America, says pollinators linators, such as a shallow dish with stones half-subinclude bees, butterflies, beetles, birds, and bats. merged for perching. These animals travel from plant to plant carrying polPollinators are important for gardens, whether those len on their bodies. The following are some ways to gardens are commercial operations or small backyard maintain healthy pollinator habitats. plots.

DREAMMAKER SPAS

Early spring landscaping tips

uring the cold months of winter, many people stare longingly out of the window dreaming of spring and time spent outdoors. For those with green thumbs, images of tending to the garden and other aspects of their landscapes no doubt dominate such daydreams. Draw inspiration from those budding crocuses and daffodils starting to bud and employ these tips to prepare for the upcoming gardening season. • One of the first steps is to apply a preemergent weed killer to get a head start knocking out weeds that can plague the lawn during the growing season. Killing weeds at the roots early on can mean far fewer hassles in spring and summer, and may prevent new generations of weeds from cropping up each year. • While it may be tempting to take a prematurely warm day as a sign that spring is in full force and purchase a bunch of annuals, it’s better to know the last of the possible frost dates (check “The Farmer’s Almanac”); otherwise, you may waste time and money planting flowers or vegetables only to have them zapped by another frosty day. • Amend the soil so that it is the right consistency — just crumbling when lifting it. Soil that is too muddy after spring thaw

can harden, making it difficult for plants to flourish later on. Speak with representatives at a local lawn and garden center about which types of amendments you can add to the soil in your particular area to enrich it. • Lawn and garden experts at The Home Depot suggest filling in bare patches of lawn now by mixing a few shovelfuls of soil with grass seed. Then apply this patch to the bare areas, water, and continue to care for the area until the spot fills in. • Spend a day in the garage or shed tending to the lawn mower and other gardening equipment. Clean all tools and ensure that everything works, repairing parts as needed. • Give outdoor entertaining spaces a good scrubbing, clearing away dirt and grime that may have accumulated over the winter. Use a leaf blower to blow away any leftover leaves. • Check if the front porch, railings or decking need painting and/or staining. Tackle these projects when the weather is cooler so everything will be ready for those peak spring days. • Think about any annuals you might want to plant in the landscape this year that will complement any existing shrubbery or perennials. Come up with a theme so that the entire yard is cohesive.

How ergonomic tools can help gardeners

ardening is a rewarding activity that has been found to provide a host of benefits beyond ensuring readily available access to fresh fruits, vegetables and aweinspiring blooms. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says many gardening tasks qualify as light to moderate exercise, which means raking the leaves and cutting the grass can be just as beneficial as cardiovascular activities like brisk walking or jogging. In addition, a 2017 study published in the journal Preventive Medicine Reports found that gardening can help aging men and women offset age-related weight gain. And the health benefits of gardening go beyond the physical. In 2014, a systematic review of randomized controlled trials published in Complementary Therapies in Medicine concluded that horticultural therapy may be an effective treatment for people with dementia. Gardeners have a host of tools at their disposal to help turn their lawns and gardens into awe-inspiring landscapes. Among those options are ergonomic tools. Ergonomic tools can benefit garden-

ers of all ages, but they may prove especially valuable for aging men and women.

SPECIFIC BENEFITS OF ERGONOMIC TOOLS Ergonomic gardening tools are designed in a way that can reduce stress on the body while performing various tasks. Gardeners know that aches and pains can add up after a day spent kneeling in the garden, raking soil and carrying supplies around the property. • Ergonomic tools increase efficiency. Wasted motions are less likely when using ergonomic tools. That can improve efficiency in the garden, allowing gardeners to get more done in the same amount of time. And because ergonomic tools are designed to work with the body, gardeners likely won’t need to take breaks due to aches and pains. • Ergonomic tools increase gardeners’ capabilities. Principles behind ergonomics keep gardeners using the tools in natural positions. That means gardeners won’t lose power to bending and twisting, enabling them to do more in the garden than they might be able to do when using non-ergonomic tools.

What can and cannot be composted

vid gardeners know that compost can add vital nutrients to soil used in gardens, container plants and lawns. The fact that compost is so versatile and nutrient-dense may not even be its most admirable quality. Made from items used in and around the house, compost costs just about nothing to produce. The raw materials that make up compost come from organic waste. These can be disposables from the garden and kitchen, as well as other areas around the house. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, yard trimmings and food scraps add up to 20 to 30 percent of the municipal solid waste in the United States. Turning waste into compost not only helps the landscape, but also the planet. Compost is relatively easy to make, and there are scores of materials that can be put into compost. But it is just as essential to know which ingredients

cannot be used in compost.

OKAY FOR COMPOST Most organic materials, or items that were once living, can be used in compost. Plant-based items used in cooking, such as potato peelings, carrot skins, banana peels, cocoa hulls, coffee grounds and filters, corn cobs, apple cores, egg shells, fruit peels, kelp, and nut shells, can be added to compost. Other items from around the house, like unused kitty litter, hair, shredded newspapers and cardboard, leaves, flowers, paper, pine needles, ashes, and sawdust, can be successfully added to compost. Stick to items that are not treated heavily with chemicals.

SHOULD NOT BE USED IN COMPOST Inorganic and non-biodegradable materials cannot go into compost. These are items like plastic, glass, aluminum foil, and metal. Pressure-treated lumber,

although a natural material, is treated with preservatives and often pesticides that can be harmful if they leech into the garden. The small-gardening resource Balcony Garden Web indicates coated or glossy printed papers, such as those from catalogs, magazines, wrapping paper, marketing materials, and business cards, should not be added to compost piles because of the chemicals and inks used in these pages. Planet Natural Research Center says to avoid pet droppings from dogs and cats. Animal products like bones, butter, milk, fish skins, and meat, may decompose and start to smell foul. Maggots, parasites, pathogens, and other microorganisms can form in the compost. These materials also may attract flies and scavenger animals. Plus, they decompose very slowly. Any personal hygiene products should be avoided because they are tainted by

Compost is a winner in the garden and around the landscape. Learning which ingredients can and can’t be added to compost piles is useful for any gardener.

human fluids and that can pose a health risk. While weeds are not harmful in compost piles, there is the risk that seeds can germinate and then infiltrate garden beds when the compost is used. The same can be said for tomato plants and some other hardy fruits and vegetables.