nanotech by fatemeh karamian

‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻜﻮپ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻻﺭ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﻩﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ ‪ /‬ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ / 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪6‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺧﺘﻦ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ‬

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‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺸــﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻨــﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧــﻮﻯ ﺳــﺎﻝ ‪ 88‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟــﻰ ﺑــﺎ ﻧــﺎﻡ ﭘﻠﻰﻻﺗﻴــﺲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓــﻰ ﺷــﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛــﻪ ﺑــﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺜﺒﻴــﺖ ﺷــﻦ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴــﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮔــﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧــﺎﻙ ﻧﺎﺷــﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑــﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳــﻦ ﻣــﺎﺩﻩ ﻛــﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟــﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻠــﻮﻝ ﺁﺑــﻰ ﺑــﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻫــﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻛــﻰ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷــﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧــﺪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺷــﻦ ﻭ ﺣﺘــﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﻏﺒــﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑــﻪ ﻫــﻢ ﺩﻭﺧﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷــﻜﻞ ﻳــﻚ ﺷــﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﺩﺑﻴﺮ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﺣﻤﺪﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻰ‪ :‬ﻣﺠﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻇﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺢﺍ‪ . . .‬ﭘﻮﺭﻓﻴﺎﺽ‬ ‫ﺩﺑﻴﺮ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻤﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻣﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻰ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻘﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺵ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻔﻴﻌﻰ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﻡ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﺨﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻫﻨﺮﻯ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺁﺭﺍ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻇﻢ ﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻰ ﻭ ﭼﺎپ‪ :‬ﺭﻭﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻲ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ‪ -‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﭘﺴﺘﻰ ‪14565 - 344‬‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‪61002212 :‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻛﺲ‪61002222 :‬‬ ‫ﻭﺏ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ‪www. nano. ir :‬‬ ‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‪newsletter@nano. ir :‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﺓ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺷﻴﻮ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ‪ www. nano. ir‬ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ISI‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ؟‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 3 -2‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ 50‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ )ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻪﺍﻯ ﻭﺍﻧﺮژﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ( ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻰ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﺓ ﻛﺎﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2010‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

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‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳــﺶ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﺗﻔــﺎﻕ ﻣﻰﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻛــﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴــﺖ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑــﺪ‪ .‬ﻫــﻢ ﺍﻛﻨــﻮﻥ ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣــﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨــﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧــﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨــﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘــﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜــﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫــﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺳــﺎﻳﺮ ﻃﺒﻘــﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨــﺪ ﻓﻨــﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﭘــﺎﻙ ﻳــﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴــﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗــﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﺩﻫــﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳــﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ‪43‬‬ ‫‪45‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺬﺷــﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺟﺬﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻫﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻓﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻠﻴﭽﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬

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‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻜﻮپ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺪﻱ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺳﻜﻮپ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺪﻱﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺠﺰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﮔﻔﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺪﻳﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻲ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ 40‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎﻝ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﺣﻤﺪﻱ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻜﻮپ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺅﺳﺎﻱ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺯﻳﻞ ﻭ ﻭﻧﺰﻭﺋﻼ ﻫﺪﻳﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻏﺮﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺣﻪ ﻗﻄﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻜﻮپ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻜﻮپ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻤﺎ )‪ (NAMA‬ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ﻣﺎﻩ ‪ 1386‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻓﺮﻭﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﺮﻣﺎﻩ ‪1389‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻴﺮﻣﺎﻩ ‪ 835 ،1389‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻘﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻭﺭﻯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ 577‬ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ 155 ،‬ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪ 103‬ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ 266‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬ ‫‪ 55‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﻯ‬ ‫‪ 198‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ‪ISI‬‬ ‫‪ 33‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪ 17‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ – ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ‬ ‫‪ 5‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ‬ ‫‪ 3‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭼﺎپ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺁﻣﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺁﻣﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﺖﺍﻟﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻪﻱ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺁﻣﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﻬﺒﻬﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﺳﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺁﻣﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺪﺷﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻧﺎﺯ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥﭘﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﺻﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺗﺮﻣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻞ‬ ‫ژﻝ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﻓﻼﻛﺲ‪ -‬ﺳﻞ ژﻝ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﮔﻞﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻮﺷﻪﺍﻱ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺍﺳﭙﻴﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪﻱ ﻗﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰﻭﺭ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﺑﺸﻲ )‪ (SEM‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻃﻴﻒ ﭘﺮﺍﺵ ﺍﺷﻌﻪﻱ ﺍﻳﻜﺲ )‪ (XRD‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺣﺠﺖ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻌﻠﻤﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺸﻮﻳﻘﻲ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺎﻻﺭ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺎﻻﺭ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 650‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﻻﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ‪http://forum.nano.ir‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺯﺑﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻠﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﻌﺘﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺎﻻﺭ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﻻﺭ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ‬ ‫‪ ، www.nano.ir‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻲ ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮﻱ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 80‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮﻯ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻯ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻰ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺪ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩ ‪ 10‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﻯ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻭﻃﻠﺒﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻰ )ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻰ( ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﺩﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ ﻯ ﺍﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﺩﻓﺘﺮﭼﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻭﻃﻠﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﺮﻩ ﺣﺪ ﻧﺼﺎﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻮﺕ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﭙﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺍﻳﺰﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﻋﻄﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﻧﻘﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻀﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺟﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺟﺸﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﺮﻩﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ‬

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‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ‪ 36‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﺮﻩﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ )»‪2010‬‬ ‫‪ («nanokorea‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 18‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 20‬ﺁﮔﻮﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫‪ KINTEX‬ﻛﺮﻩﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺎﺭﺱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﻫﺎﻱ ‪،STM‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﺣﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺧﻀﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻭﺭﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﺁﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺩﺍﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻱ ‪ VSM‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ ﺯﺧﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺧﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﺧﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻰ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺯﺧﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻯ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﻫﺎﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻧﺴﻤﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻧﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﺧﻢﻫﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺁﻧﺘﻰﺑﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻭ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻬﻴﻪﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﻌﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ ﺯﺧﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻜﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﺧﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﭘﻴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻫﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﺮﺝ ﺭﺿﺎﺋﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺭﻋﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ‬ ‫‪) Polym. Adv. Technol‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،21‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ ،77 -95‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ (2010‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﺪﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺯﺍﺭﻉ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻱ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺧﺒﺮﻱ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻱ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ‪) ،‬ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﮔﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ( ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﺯﺍﺭﻉ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩ‪» :‬ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﺘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻗﺖ ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﮕﺴﺘﺮﻭﻡ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺗﻲ ﻗﻮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﺮﺩ ﻧﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﻑ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ«‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪» :‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻤﻲﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻠﻪﺍﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﭼﺒﻴﺸﻒ ‪ KPM‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺑﺴﻂ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻠﻪﺍﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ )‪ (LDOS‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻳﻢ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ‪ DP‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪) .‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ‪ DP‬ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ(‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭﻱﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺑﻲﻧﻈﻤﻲ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺷﺪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ‪-‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻓﺮﻫﺎﺩ ﺷﻬﺒﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺒﺮ ﺟﻌﻔﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﺍﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ -،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ ‪CONDENSED‬‬ ‫‪) MATTER‬ﺟﻠﺪ‪ ،22‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ (2010‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻰ ﻭ ﺩ ﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺸﺨ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎ ﺩ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﻫﻦ‪-‬ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ﺖ‬ ‫ﻠ ﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺁ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦﺫﺭﺍﺕﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﺍﻯﮔﺮﻭﻩﺧﺎﺻﻰﺍﺯﻣﻮﺍﺩﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ )ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪﻱﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ(ﻭﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﻱﻧﺎﺯﻛﻰﺍﺯﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﻯﺩﻳﺎﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‬ ‫)ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺭﺳﺎﻧﻰ( ‪ ،‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫‪ 6‬ﺁﺑﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﻭﺱ ‪ 4‬ﺁﺑﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ‪ NaOH‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻧﻤﻚﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫‪ FeCl2‬ﻭ ‪ FeCl3‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﮕﻨﺘﻴﺖ‬ ‫)‪ (Fe3O4‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﻢﺭﺳﻮﺑﻰ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﮔﻠﻮﻣﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻗﻄﺒﻰ ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﺳﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫)‪ (TSC‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﺩﻫﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻚﻛﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﺎﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﺟﺎﻣﺪﻱ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﺩﻫﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻻﻳﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬ ‫)ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ( ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶﺩﻫﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﮕﻨﺘﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻻﻳﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﺍﺗﻴﻞ ﺍﻭﺭﺗﻮﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺕ )‪ (TEOS‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪/‬ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻨﻲﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻰ ﻋﺒﻮﺭﻯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﭘﺮﺍﺵ ﺍﺷﻌﻪﻱ ﺍﻳﻜﺲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﺩﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﮕﻨﺘﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪﻱ ﺩﺑﺎﻯ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻱ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﮕﻨﺘﻴﺖ ‪ 8/5‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪﻱ ‪ TSC‬ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪﻱ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﻒﺳﻨﺠﻰ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻰ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻱ ﺗﻚﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻯ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ‪-‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥﻧﺎﻣﻪﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻟﻴﺪﺍ ﻏﻀﻨﻔﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﺘﺮﺗﻰ ﺧﺴﺮﻭﺷﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ‬ ‫‪) Physica E‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،42‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪ ،1824-1829‬ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ (2010‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺳﺒﺰﻭﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺳﺒﺰﻭﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺳﺒﺰﻭﺍﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﻭ ﮔﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﻫﺎﺩﻯﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻯ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭ )ﻣﺜﻼ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﭼﻴﻨﮓ( ﺗﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﮔﻴﺖ ‪ 50‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﮔﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺷﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻯ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻚ )ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﻫﺎﺩﻯ( ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺠﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﻛﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﺗﻚﮔﻴﺘﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺒﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﻮﻋﻰ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ‪ 0,75‬ﻭﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻳﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ‪-‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻴﻠﻪﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﺍﻧﻮﺭﻯﻓﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻰ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﺩﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ‬ ‫‪) Japanese Journal of Applied Physics‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،48‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪(2009‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻛﺸﻒ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺘﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ :‬ﮋ ﺸﮕ ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍ ﻛ‬

‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﺟﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻯ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺘﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﭘﻰ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻔﺮﻩﻱ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ‪ 10 ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺟﺎﻟﺐ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖ ‪ RWY‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬

‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﻮﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺩﻣﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﺋﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺟﺎﺫﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ‪-‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﺭﺣﻤﺘﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﻲ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻴﺪ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ -،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ ‪) Applied Surface Science‬ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫‪ ،255‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪ ،4773 -4778‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ (2009‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭﻱ ﺍﺑﺮﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﺮﺍﻕ ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺮﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ‪ 35‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻰ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻧﺮﺍﻕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻲ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﻛﺒﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﺎﺕ )‪ (CoTiO3‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻱ ﺧﻠﻮﺹ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻱ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻞ‪-‬‬ ‫ژﻝ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﻛﺒﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﻧﮕﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﺳﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺍﺑﺮﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪﻱ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻰ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪DSC‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬

‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ‪ CoTiO3‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻯ ژﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﻳﻦ ‪ CoTiO3‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ºC‬‬ ‫‪ 600‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﻱ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 35‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺑﺮﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬ ‫‪ CoTiO3‬ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ‪ VSM‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ‪-‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻰ ﺍﻧﺤﺼﺎﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﻧﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻈﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﻳﺰ‪ ،‬ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﻛﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﺿﺎﻋﻰ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﻛﺮﻣﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ -،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ‬ ‫‪Journal of Experimental‬‬ ‫‪) Nanoscience‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،5‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ ،61 -68‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ (2010‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺁﺫﺭﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮﻯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺭﺍ؛ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ -‬ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﭘﺎﺭﻣﺘﺮﺍﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺧﻴﻞ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻋﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻴﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﻟﺘﺎﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻗﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻚ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺭﺍﻳﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﻚ ﺍﺩﺭﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ‪-‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺑﻴﻮﻙ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻰ‪ ،‬ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﺣﻤﺰﻩ ﭘﮋﻫﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﻗﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻴﻦﭘﻮﺭ ﻧﻘﻰﺁﺫﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ -،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ ‪) Microchim Acta‬ﺟﻠﺪ‬ ‫‪ ،169‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪ ،313 -320‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ (2010‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﺣﺬﻑ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ NO2‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ NO2‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺷﻬﺮﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﻛﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﻟﻴﺒﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺒﻊ ﺁﻥ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻭﺣﻔﺮﻩﻯ ﺩﻱﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻗﻠﻊ ﺩﻭپ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﻴﺒﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ‪SnCl4,5H2O‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻫﭙﺘﺎﻣﻮﻟﻴﺒﺪﺍﺕ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻯ ﺩﻭپ ﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ‪PMMA‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫)ﭘﻠﻲﻣﺘﻴﻞﻣﺘﺎﺍﻛﺮﻳﻼﺕ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﻱ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﻯ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻣﻮﺍﺝ ﺍﻭﻟﺘﺮﺍﺳﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ )ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ‪ (1100 oC‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ‪-‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﺍﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻧﺎﺭﻛﻲ ﻓﻴﺮﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﻣﺤﺠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻌﻠﻲ ﺧﺪﺍﺩﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ -،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ ‪Sensors and‬‬ ‫‪) Actuators B‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،147‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪-560‬‬ ‫‪ ،554‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ (2010‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺁﺭﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ ﺑﺎﻛﻮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻰ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺭﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺿﺪﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺿﺪﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺿﺪﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺩﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ MRI‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺭﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪﻱ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺷﻪﺍﻯ‬ ‫)ﺩﻧﺪﺭﻳﻤﺮ( ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﻠﻰﺁﻣﻴﺪﻭﺁﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻰ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺁﻫﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺭﻓﺘﻪﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺿﺪﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻳﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺩﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻭﻧﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ )‪ (MRI‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﺴﺖ ‪ In Vivo‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺁﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﺮﻡﺍﻑ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥﺍﻑ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ ﺑﺎﻛﻮ ﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﺳﺒﻜﺘﻜﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﺭﻭﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﺪﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺁﺭﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ ‪Polymer-Plastics Technology‬‬ ‫‪) and Engineering‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪49‬ﻭ‪ ،1‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ‪ ،104 -109‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ (2010‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺖ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺳﻤﻰ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ )ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ( ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﺒﻴﺐﺯﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻚﮔﻴﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻌﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﺍﺩﺍﻯ ﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻳﺪﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻮﻯ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺎﺯﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻌﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪﻩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻗﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﻴﻪﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺶﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﻛﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﭘﻴﺶﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻗﻠﻊ ﻭ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻢ( ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﻱ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺗﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 4‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻯ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ‬ ‫‪Journal of Nanoscience and‬‬ ‫‪) Nanotechnology‬ﺟﻠﺪ ‪ ،10‬ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ ،6003 -6008‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ (2010‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ISI‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ؟‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،1‬ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻱ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‪ -‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻤﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‪ -‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﻤﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺧﺮﺩﺍﺩﻣﺎﻩ ‪ ،1389‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ ISI 2142‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ 740 .‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ 40‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ 40‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮﻯ ﻛ ّﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻛ ّﻤﻰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻴﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﻴﻨﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻴﻔﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ 40‬ﻧﻔﺮ ‪ 5,4‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 31,8‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ )‪ 64/4‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ (‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 3‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪ 32‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺯ ‪ 3‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪40‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ،ISI‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ )‪ ،(IF‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻃﻰ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩﺑﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﺍﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺩﻯ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻴﺒﻰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ‪ 40‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ISI‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻨﻈﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﻯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﻮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -1‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ISI‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﻰ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺻﻠﻮﺍﺗﻲ ﻧﻴﺎﺳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺍﺷﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻈﻢ ﺍﻳﺮﺟﻲ ﺯﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺳﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﺎ ﻣﺸﻔﻖ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﺧﻄﻴﺐ ﺍﻻﺳﻼﻡ ﺻﺪﺭﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺳﻴﻢ ﭼﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺍﺧﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎ ﻋﺴﮕﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﺷﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﺳﻴﺪﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺿﺎ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﺩﺍﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻋﻄﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺘﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺮﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺰﻩ ﻓﺮﺯﺍﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﮋﻥ ﻃﺎﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻱ ﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺮﺧﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻜﺮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﻴﺮﺯﺍﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺩﺭﻭﻳﺶ ﮔﻨﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺳﻮﺍﻟﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺍ )ﺱ(‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

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‫ﺭﺿﺎ ﻧﻘﺪﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫‪28‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪38‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬

‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺍﺕ )ﺁﺭﻣﺎﻥ( ﻃﺎﻫﺮﭘﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺻﻔﺎﺭﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺭﺿﺎ ﻭﺍﻋﻈﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺭﺿﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﺻﻐﺮ ﺷﻜﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺫﺍﻛﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺪﺳﻴﺎﻭﺵ ﻣﺪﺍﻳﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﺮﺍﺏ ﺳﻨﺠﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺸﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﻔﻮﻱ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻴﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‬

‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ‬

‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﻳﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﻳﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫‪SAM‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﻳﺎﺿﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻟﺴﺎﺯﻱ –‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺷﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩﻯ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ‬

‫‪79‬‬ ‫‪31‬‬ ‫‪29‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪27‬‬ ‫‪24‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫‪52‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪44‬‬ ‫‪50‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪25‬‬ ‫‪49‬‬ ‫‪30‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪39‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪34‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪1,83‬‬ ‫‪1,449‬‬ ‫‪3,187‬‬ ‫‪1,981‬‬ ‫‪1,963‬‬ ‫‪1,998‬‬ ‫‪1,657‬‬ ‫‪1,544‬‬ ‫‪1,623‬‬ ‫‪2,302‬‬ ‫‪2,89‬‬ ‫‪2,352‬‬ ‫‪1,239‬‬ ‫‪1,436‬‬ ‫‪2,914‬‬ ‫‪1,198‬‬ ‫‪1,981‬‬ ‫‪3,202‬‬ ‫‪1,679‬‬ ‫‪1,505‬‬ ‫‪2,255‬‬ ‫‪3,148‬‬ ‫‪1,188‬‬ ‫‪1,734‬‬ ‫‪1,701‬‬ ‫‪1,452‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪2,154‬‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪21‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬

‫‪1,256‬‬ ‫‪2,306‬‬ ‫‪1,198‬‬ ‫‪1,862‬‬ ‫‪1,019‬‬ ‫‪1,366‬‬ ‫‪1,994‬‬ ‫‪1,574‬‬ ‫‪1,453‬‬ ‫‪2,8‬‬ ‫‪1,776‬‬ ‫‪1,885‬‬ ‫‪3,893‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ISI‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ]‪ [1‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫‪7, 18%‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ISI‬ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪89‬‬ ‫ ‪Ê¼Ì‬‬ ‫‪12, 30%‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2008‬‬ ‫»‪{YÂ» Ê |ÀÆ‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ‪[2] ISI web of Knowledge‬‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫§‪®Ë Ì‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪10, 25%‬‬ ‫ ‪ ËZ‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ‪ 740‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩﻯ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 10‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪11, 27%‬‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺖ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 39‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺣﺎﻳﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻁ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ 9 .‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩﻯ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ‪ 39‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻊ ‪ 9‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺎ ‪ 9‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ -1‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ 48‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﻰ ‪ -3‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻰ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻧﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻲ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ ‪،89‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬ ‫‪ 2271‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ 2145 ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪﻯ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻭ ‪ 125‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩﻯ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ‪ 1‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻛﻴﻔﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‪ 2145 ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺭﺍﺣﺖﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ 740‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻜﺘﻪﻯ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ ‪ 2/9‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺪﻙ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩﻯ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺷﺮﻁ ‪ 10‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ 40 ،‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩﻯ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -2‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪IF‬‬

‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‪IF‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‪IF‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪250‬‬

‫‪2,198‬‬

‫‪5,712‬‬

‫‪0,495‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪158‬‬

‫‪1,479‬‬

‫‪3,729‬‬

‫‪0,347‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪160‬‬

‫‪2,083‬‬

‫‪7,180‬‬

‫‪0,274‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪64‬‬

‫‪1,513‬‬

‫‪3,500‬‬

‫‪0,224‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪2,378‬‬

‫‪4,853‬‬

‫‪0,585‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪17‬‬

‫‪2,352‬‬

‫‪4,373‬‬

‫‪0,680‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫‪2,154‬‬

‫‪4,373‬‬

‫‪0,765‬‬

‫‪40‬‬

‫‪682‬‬

‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ‬

‫‪12‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -3‬ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ‪ 10‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫‪IF‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪41‬‬

‫‪1.51‬‬

‫‪Journal of alloys and compounds‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪19‬‬

‫‪1.23‬‬

‫‪Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪2.814‬‬

‫‪Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪18‬‬

‫‪1.576‬‬

‫‪Applied Surface Science‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪3.5‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪3.122‬‬

‫‪Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪2.104‬‬

‫‪Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪16‬‬

‫‪1.801‬‬

‫‪Polyhedron‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪1.748‬‬

‫‪Materials Letters‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪1.181‬‬

‫‪Journal of Materials Science‬‬

‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‬

‫‪MATCH Communications in Mathematical and in Computer Chemistry‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ 682‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ‪ 40‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻰ ‪5/4‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‪ 31/8 ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 1‬ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ‪ ،‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﭼﺎپ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 1‬ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺻﻠﻮﺍﺗﻰ ﻧﻴﺎﺳﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ 79‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ )ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ(‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻴﺪﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺍﺷﺮﻓﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ 31‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ 29‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﻔﻮﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ‪ ،3/893‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﺮﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ‪ ،3/202‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ‪ 3/187‬ﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺮﺧﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ‪ 3/148‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﺮﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻯ ﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺮﺧﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻜﺮﺩﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‪ IF‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺭﺿﺎ ﻋﺴﮕﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ‬ ‫‪ Physical Review Letters‬ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪7/18‬‬ ‫• ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﻔﻮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ‬

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‫‪ Analytical Chemistry‬ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ 5/712‬ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ‬ ‫‪ Chemical Communications‬ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪5/34‬‬ ‫ﺷﺶ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ ‪ Biosensors and Bioelectronics‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ :5/134‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺍﻓﺴﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﻔﻮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺭﺿﺎ ﻛﺮﻳﻤﻲ ﺷﺮﻭﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺷﺎﻫﺮﺧﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻜﺮﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪﺍﷲ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﻴﺮﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ )ﺷﻜﻞ ‪،1‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪.(2‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (1‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺳﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺑﺎ ‪،12‬‬ ‫‪ 11‬ﻭ ‪ 10‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ‪ 80 ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺎﺗﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ‪ 82‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 2/352 ،2/378‬ﻭ ‪ 2/198‬ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‪ IF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻯ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 7/18‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‪ IF‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻯ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 0/224‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫‪35%‬‬ ‫‪28.89%‬‬

‫‪ª¬v»40 cÓZ¬» Ë Âe‬‬

‫‪30%‬‬

‫‪26%‬‬ ‫‪23%‬‬

‫‪¶¯ cÓZ¬» Ë Âe‬‬

‫‪25%‬‬

‫‪15.54%‬‬

‫‪18.77%‬‬ ‫‪16%‬‬

‫‪13%‬‬

‫‪12.90%‬‬ ‫‪13%‬‬

‫‪16.72%‬‬

‫{ | ‪cÓZ¬» Ë Âe‬‬

‫‪20%‬‬

‫‪15%‬‬

‫‪10%‬‬

‫‪0.00%‬‬ ‫‪1%‬‬

‫‪0.15%‬‬ ‫‪0%‬‬

‫‪7.5<IF‬‬

‫‪7<IFч7.5‬‬

‫‪1.17%‬‬ ‫‪1%‬‬

‫‪2.05%‬‬ ‫‪1%‬‬

‫‪3.81%‬‬ ‫‪5%‬‬

‫‪5%‬‬

‫‪0%‬‬

‫‪5<IFч7‬‬

‫‪4<IFч5‬‬

‫‪3<IFч4‬‬

‫‪2<IFч3‬‬

‫‪1.5<IFч2‬‬

‫‪1<IFч1.5‬‬

‫‪0.5<IFч1‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪ 40‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫‪ 40‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪0/5≥IF‬‬

‫‪114‬‬

‫‪26‬‬

‫‪23%‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪0/5<IF≤1‬‬

‫‪283‬‬

‫‪88‬‬

‫‪31%‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪1<IF≤1/5‬‬

‫‪501‬‬

‫‪114‬‬

‫‪23%‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪61‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪1/5<IF≤2‬‬

‫‪560‬‬

‫‪197‬‬

‫‪35%‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫‪53‬‬

‫‪1/399‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫‪2<IF≤3‬‬

‫‪349‬‬

‫‪128‬‬

‫‪37%‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪121‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫‪3<IF≤4‬‬

‫‪272‬‬

‫‪106‬‬

‫‪39%‬‬

‫‪1/748‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫‪4<IF≤5‬‬

‫‪32‬‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪44%‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻱ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪2/391‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪5<IF≤7‬‬

‫‪20‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫‪40%‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪25‬‬

‫‪2/308‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪7<IF≤7/5‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪33%‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪2/287‬‬

‫‪10‬‬

‫‪7/5<IF‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪0‬‬

‫‪0%‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪1/225‬‬

‫‪2145‬‬

‫‪682‬‬

‫‪% 32‬‬

‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬

‫‪14‬‬

‫‪IFч0.5‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -4‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻱ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ )ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ(‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 9 -5‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻯ ‪IF‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪164‬‬

‫‪2/069‬‬

‫‪83‬‬

‫‪1/950‬‬ ‫‪1/630‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -6‬ﻫﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪54‬‬

‫‪2.097‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪56‬‬

‫‪1.752‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪39‬‬

‫‪1.361‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪42‬‬

‫‪2.129‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪41‬‬

‫‪2.074‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪28‬‬

‫‪2.287‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﺘﺎﻟﻮﺭژﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪32‬‬

‫‪1.219‬‬

‫‪8‬‬

‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫‪21‬‬

‫‪1.225‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫‪ -5‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ‪ 682‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﻯ ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ‪ 180‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﺮ ‪ 3/8‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 10 ،3‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪﻯ ‪Journal of alloys and‬‬ ‫‪ compounds‬ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ‪ 1/51‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ‪ Physical Review Letters‬ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪،7/18‬‬ ‫‪ Analytical Chemistry‬ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ 5/712‬ﻭ ‪Chemical‬‬ ‫‪ Communications‬ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ 5/34‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ -7‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺩﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫‪24‬‬

‫‪383‬‬

‫‪1.931‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪202‬‬

‫‪1.731‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫‪35‬‬

‫‪2.188‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﻛﺮﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪29‬‬

‫‪3.187‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪9‬‬

‫‪3.893‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪13‬‬

‫‪1.734‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫‪11‬‬

‫‪1.198‬‬

‫‪ -6‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ‪ 2145‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ‪IF‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ 1/85‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ )‪ .(4‬ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ‪ 682‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ‪ 40‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ IF‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ 1/95‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﭼﺎپ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ )ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 30‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ( ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 4‬ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 2‬ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 4‬ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫• ‪ 23‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ‪ IF‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 0,5‬ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 80‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ‪ IF‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 4‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﭼﺎپ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺍﺯ ‪ 26‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 17 ، 0/5‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻰ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ‪ 28/89‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻯ‪ IF‬ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 1/5‬ﺗﺎ ‪2‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ‪ 7‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻯ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ‪ 40‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪7/5‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﻧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫‪ 11‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 7/5‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -7‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ 16‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ‪ 29‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰﻯ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 5‬ﻭ ‪6‬‬ ‫ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 5‬ﻭ ‪ ،6‬ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪9 .‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎ ‪ 164‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩﻯ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ 79‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 3/893‬ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -8‬ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪ 40‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ 60‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ 22/5‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ‪ 7/5‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 7‬ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ 383‬ﻭ ‪ 202‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫‪ 56/2‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ‪ 29/6‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 3/893‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -9‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ISI‬ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪40 ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩﻯ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻛﻤﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ‪ 40‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 5/4‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ 31/8 ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻰ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻼﺻﻪﻯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫• ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ 2145 ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ‪ 682‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ‪ 40‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫• ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺻﻠﻮﺍﺗﻰ ﻧﻴﺎﺳﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ‪ 682‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪ 180‬ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪﻯ‬ ‫‪ Journal of alloys and compounds‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ‪ 1/51‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 7/18‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪ 10/879‬ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ‪ 3‬ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪ 11 ،12‬ﻭ ‪ 10‬ﻣﺤﻘﻖ‪ 80 ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫‪ 2/352 ،2/378‬ﻭ ‪2/198‬ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ‪ 1/5‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩﻯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 7/5‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ‬ ‫ﻧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ‪ 11‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 7/5‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫• ‪ 16‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ‪ 29‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ )‪9‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻖ( ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ )‪ 164‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ( ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ‪ ،3/893‬ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ‪ 7‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ 60‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫• ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻳﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫‪[1] www.nano.ir/info‬‬ ‫‪[2] www.thomsonreuters.com/products_services/‬‬ ‫]‪ [3‬ﻛﺎﻇﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﻭﺩ‪" ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ISI‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻪ ﻣﺠﻼﺗﻰ ﭼﺎپ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ؟"‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻯ ‪ ،136‬ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ‪.1387‬‬ ‫]‪ [4‬ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻯ ﻣﻬﺪﻯ‪ " ،‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ‪ ISI‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻪ ﺣﺪﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ؟"‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻯ ‪ ،154‬ﻣﺮﺩﺍﺩ ‪.1389‬‬ ‫ﭘﻰﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1-Corresponding Auther‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬

‫ﺩﻭﺧﺘﻦ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻏﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺸﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 88‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻰﻻﺗﻴﺲ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻧﺎﺷﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﻰ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﺯﻣﻴﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻛﻰ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺷﻦ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺩﻭﺧﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻃﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺷﻮﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ‬ ‫ﺁﻗﺎﺋﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺧﻼﺻﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺁﻗﺎﺋﻰ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻄﻔﺎً ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﭘﻠﻰﻻﺗﻴﺲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻰﻻﺗﻴﺲ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 98‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺑﻘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ ﻭ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻮﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻠﻴﻂ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺷﻦ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻦ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﺴﺮﻯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (Cross link‬ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺻﻞ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺩﻭﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻴﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 40‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 60‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻰﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﻧﮕﻪﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ًﻻ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﺵ ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺒﺮﺩ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ًﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺎﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ‪ 100‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻣﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺰﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻬﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻗﻠﻤﻪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥﺯﺩﺍﻳﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪﺓ ﺧﺎﻙ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﻴﺮﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻧﮕﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﻣﺰﻳﺘﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﭘﺎﺷﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺷﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ًﻻ ﻣﺎﻟﭻ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺮﺍﺏ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ًﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﭘﺎﺷﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻗﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﮔﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺧﺎﻙ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﻤﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﭘﺎﺷﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﺮﺍﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ؛‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 150‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 15‬ﺗﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ ﻗﺒ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﺍﻯ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻻﻥ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻦ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 450‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻭﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻄﻔﺎً ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻰﻻﺗﻴﺲ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺪﻫﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻰ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ‪ 150‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 200‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 15‬ﺗﻦ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‪ ،‬ﻻﻳﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪4‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 5‬ﻣﻴﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺧﻴﺲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺒ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 3‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 7‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 8‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻰﻻﺗﻴﺲ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﮔﺮﺍﻥﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 87‬ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺮﺻﺔ ﺷﺶ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺮﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﻦ )‪ (TPN3‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ؟ ﻭ ﺁﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺬﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺬﺑﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺑﺮﺷﻰ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ‪ 0/8‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪ 8‬ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮﻯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﻊ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻻﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻳﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﻮﺩ ﭼﺮﺍﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪ 40‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﻦ ﺍﺯﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻥ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻓﻌ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﺬﺍﻛﺮﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪ 200‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻃﺒﺲ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺧﻂ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ‪ 400‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺜﺒﺖ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 10‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﻭﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﮔﺮﺩ ﻭﻏﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺯ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺧﻮﺯﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﭘﻴﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻴﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻤﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻻ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﻙ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﻮﻻﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺯ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﭘﺨﺶ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﻯ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻫﻚ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﻴﺪﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺁﺏ ﭘﺎﺷﻰ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 8‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪﻯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻰﻣﺘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺩﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰﺷﺮﻳﻒ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﻥ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻰﮔﺬﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻟﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺍﻻﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ًﺎ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻻﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺍﻫﻮﺍﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‪،‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺍ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻰ ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺻﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻔﻊ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦﺁﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻫﻢ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ؟‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﻣﺎﻥ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺻﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﺍﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻄﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻤﺎﺩ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﺩ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻭ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﻢ‪ .‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻳﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ ﭘﺘﻨﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻳﺪ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺩﺭ ‪ USPTO‬ﻫﻢ ﻓﺮﻡﻫﺎﻯ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻟﻄﻔﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ؟‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1374‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﻮﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺭﻍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻮﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻧﺒﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺑﻠﻮﻛﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺤﺎﻝ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ‪15‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺟﺰء ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ« ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﻯ ﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺮﻳﻢ ﻭ ﭘﻮﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻰ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻼ« ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺁﺭﺯﻭﻯ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻻﻥ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻣﻰ‪ ،1‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻰ‬

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‫‪1‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻯ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﺭﻳﺎ ﭘﺘﺮﻭ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻥ‪bastami@ut.ac.ir-‬‬ ‫‪2‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ‪Alihabibi@ut.ac.ir -‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 3 -2‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ 50‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ )ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻪﺍﻯ ﻭﺍﻧﺮژﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ( ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ )‪ (SPE‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻯ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻛﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2008‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺁﻥ ﭼﺸﻢ ﮔﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺟﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻰ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺰﺍﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ‪SPE ،‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 3 -2‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ 50‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ )ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻪﺍﻯ ﻭﺍﻧﺮژﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ( ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻓﻨﻰ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﻛﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺳﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2030‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻤﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﺮﻭ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻨﻰ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻻﻳﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺰﻧﻰ )ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫﭘﺬﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ( ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺩ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻯ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺍﻯ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻭ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﻭ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ‪،‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :1‬ﺳﻬﻢ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ‬ ‫‪Ê¼Ì Á fa‬‬

‫]‪d¨¿ Êf {ÓZ‬‬

‫‪11%‬‬

‫‪20%‬‬

‫]‪d¨¿ Êf {ÓZ‬‬ ‫‪d¨¿ Êf { ¾ÌËZa‬‬

‫‪d¨¿ Êf { ¾ÌËZa‬‬ ‫‪4%‬‬

‫]‪ Z³ Êf {ÓZ‬‬ ‫‪ Z³ Êf { ¾ÌËZa‬‬

‫‪ Z³ Êf { ¾ÌËZa‬‬

‫‪Ê¼Ì Á fa‬‬

‫‪36%‬‬ ‫]‪ Z³ Êf {ÓZ‬‬ ‫‪29%‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :2‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺵ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻰ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﻣﺮ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺠﺎﺯ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻯ ﻭ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﻯ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻻﻳﺶ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻭﺿﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭﮔﺎﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻰ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻯ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻔﻰ ﺳﻨﺪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﭘﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻗﺒﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻻﻯ‬

‫ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺭ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﺯﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 2‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﺋﻰﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺮﺑﻮﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺳﻨﮓ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ )‪0,5‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ( ﺗﺎ ﻋﺮﻳﺾﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ )‪ 50‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﻣﻐﺎﻥ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻰ ﺭﻭﻯ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪ .[3 -1‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 3‬ﺩﺭﺧﺖ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ]‪.[4‬‬

‫· ‪É| ] 2 É Z´¿ Ã‬‬

‫¿‪ZÅ Â À Â¿Z‬‬

‫· ‪É| ] 3 É Z´¿ Ã‬‬ ‫‪É Ì³ Ã Y|¿Y‬‬ ‫»‪Ê Ì ZÀ¤‬‬

‫¿‪ZÅ dË Âb»Z¯ Â¿Z‬‬ ‫¿‪ZÅ Ã YÂ Z¼·Y Â¿Z‬‬

‫· ‪É Z´¿ Ã‬‬

‫»‪¶Ì ¿Zfa ½Y|Ì‬‬ ‫‪ZÅ Ã YÂ Z¼·Y‬‬

‫ ‪²À Ê¼Ì ÂW‬‬ ‫»‪Z À‬‬

‫ ‪®Ë Ì§ÂW‬‬ ‫ »‪Ê ZÀ ¾Ì‬‬ ‫ ‪Ê¼Ì ÂW‬‬

‫ ‪½ z» Ê¼Ì ÂW‬‬ ‫‪®Ë Ì§Á fa‬‬

‫¿‪|Ì] Z¯ ÉZÅ Âa Â¿Z‬‬ ‫¿‪ ¸§/|Ì] Z¯ ÉZÅ Âa Â¿Z‬‬ ‫¿‪ ¸§/|»Zm ÉZÅ Ã|ÀÀ¯ ½YÁ Â¿Z‬‬

‫‪ÊWÂ¿Z¿ ÉZÅ Âa‬‬ ‫‪®Ì Ô¯ É Z¨u‬‬

‫¿‪¹ÂÌ¿ZfÌe |Ë fÌ¿ ÉZÅ Âa Â¿Z‬‬ ‫»‪É Z¨u ÉZÅ Äf‬‬

‫¿‪ ] |Ë fÌ¿ ÉZÅ Âa Â¿Z‬‬ ‫¿‪ÊÀ] ¯ ÉZÅ Ä·Â· Â¿Z‬‬

‫¿‪cY }Â¿Z‬‬ ‫ ¯¸‪É|ÌWÂ‬‬

‫‪ÊWÂ¿Z¿ ÉZÅ Ã|ÀÀ¯ Ã|À¯Y a‬‬ ‫¿‪ Â¿Z‬‬

‫‪ Á ZÅ ¼Ì¸a‬‬

‫¿‪ZÅ ¼Ì¸a Â¿Z‬‬

‫‪ZÅ ¼Ì¸a‬‬

‫‪Ê]M ÄËZa‬‬

‫‪ Zy É Â·ÂÀ°e‬‬ ‫‪É Z¨u‬‬ ‫ ‪É Z¨u cÓZÌ‬‬

‫¿‪cY } Â¿Z‬‬ ‫¿‪ZÅ {Âa Â¿Z‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻳﺎ ‪ SPE1‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﻋﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﻰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺂﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺻﺖﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎء ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 88000‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪42000‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ )‪(AIME‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1957‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻧﻈﺮ ‪ AIME‬ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1985‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫‪ AIME‬ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪،2010‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﺑﻬﺮﻭﺯ ﻓﺘﺎﺣﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﮔﻮﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 4‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪®Ì Ô¯ É Z¨u‬‬

‫‪É Z¨u Y ]Y‬‬ ‫ ‪ÉZÅ ºf Ì‬‬ ‫»‪²ÀË ÂfÌ¿Z‬‬

‫‪ZÅ Ê¿{Á §Y‬‬

‫¿‪ÊÀ] ¯ ÉZÅ Ä·Â· Â¿Z‬‬

‫‪Ä Âe É Â·ÂÀ°e‬‬ ‫‪É Z¨u‬‬ ‫‪Ê³|Ë{ \Ì M‬‬ ‫ ‪|¿ Z‬‬

‫¿‪ºÌ ¸¯ Á ºÌ Zfa cY }Â¿Z‬‬

‫‪ Ìv» Á É Z¨u‬‬ ‫ ‪d Ë‬‬

‫¿‪ cY }Â¿Z‬‬ ‫§ »‪[Z£Á{ ½ÂÌ ÓÂ‬‬

‫¿‪Z°Ì¸Ì cY } Â¿Z‬‬ ‫¿‪ºÌ ¸¯ cZ°Ì¸Ì cY } Â¿Z‬‬ ‫¿‪(3) ¾ÅM |Ì ¯Y cY } Â¿Z‬‬

‫¿‪cY }Â¿Z‬‬

‫ ‪Ä·Â· Á É Z°¿Z¼Ì‬‬ ‫‪É Y|m‬‬

‫‪ZÅ Ê¿{Á §Y‬‬

‫¿‪¹ÂÌ¿ZfÌe |Ì ¯Y cY } Â¿Z‬‬ ‫ ‪É Z°¿Z¼Ì‬‬

‫¿‪ZÅ dË Âb»Z¯ Â¿Z‬‬

‫¿‪cY }Â¿Z‬‬

‫¿‪|Ì] Z¯ ÉZÅ Âa Â¿Z‬‬

‫¿‪ZÅ Âa Â¿Z‬‬

‫‪Blast tube‬‬

‫¿‪¾f ´Àe {Âa Â¿Z‬‬

‫¿‪ZÅ {Âa Â¿Z‬‬

‫‪Jet Perforator‬‬

‫» ^® ¯‪É Z‬‬

‫‪ÃZq ¶Ì¼°e‬‬ ‫‪ÃZq É Y|ËZa‬‬

‫»|‪Ê·Â¸ ÂW É Z µ‬‬ ‫»|‪ÉY ÄÀÌq É Z µ‬‬ ‫»|‪É ZfyZ É Z µ‬‬

‫»|‪Â¿Z¿ ZÌ¬» { É Z µ‬‬

‫»|‪ YÂy É Z µ‬‬

‫‪½ z» ¦Ì Âe‬‬ ‫»|‪É Z µ‬‬ ‫‪Ê°ÌeZf Y‬‬

‫] ‪ÊËZ¼À³‬‬ ‫»‪Ê¼nu cZ^ Zv‬‬ ‫ ‪ÃZq ÊuY‬‬ ‫ ‪Ê»ÂÆ¨» ÊuY‬‬ ‫»|‪ÃZq É Z µ‬‬ ‫»|· ‪Ê z] Ë É Z‬‬

‫ ^‪½ z» É Z ÄÌ‬‬

‫»|‪¶»Z¯ É Z µ‬‬ ‫»‪½ Y|Ì‬‬

‫]‪É Z ÄÀÌÆ‬‬ ‫ ^‪|Ì·Âe Ä°‬‬ ‫»|‪Á É Z µ‬‬ ‫‪½ z» ¶Ì¸ve‬‬ ‫ ‪Ä Âe s‬‬ ‫‪ÊÀÌ] Ìa‬‬ ‫¯‪½ z» ÊËM Z‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :4‬ﻟﻮﮔﻮﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻻﺱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﻮﺳﺘﻮﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﮕﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻟﻨﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺑﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻜﻮ ﻭ ﻛﻮﺍﻻﻻﻣﭙﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﻪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ]‪.[5‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ ]‪ [6‬ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ‬

‫‪22‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫] ¿‪²ÀË ÂfÌ¿Z» Ä»Z‬‬ ‫»‪½Y|Ì‬‬ ‫¿‪d¿Zf°§ Â Â¿Z‬‬

‫ ‪ZÅ d¿Zf°§ Â‬‬

‫¿‪Z £ Â¿Z‬‬

‫‪ZÅ Z £‬‬

‫¿‪µ Â¿Z‬‬

‫ ‪ZÅ µ‬‬

‫¿‪cY } Â¿Z‬‬

‫ |¯¦ ‪ZÅ‬‬

‫¿‪É ¼Ì¸a cY } Â¿Z‬‬

‫ ‪ZÅ d¿Zf°§ Â‬‬

‫¿‪ZÅ d¿Zf°§Á Â Â¿Z‬‬

‫‪ZÅ Z £‬‬

‫‪dË Âb»Z¯ Â¿Z¿ ÉZÅ µ Á |ÌÅ‬‬

‫ ‪ZÅ µ‬‬

‫¿‪cY } Â¿Z‬‬

‫ |¯¦ ‪ZÅ‬‬

‫‪ÊÀÌ] Ìa‬‬ ‫¯‪½Y|Ì» ÊËM Z‬‬ ‫‪ZÅ Ã|ÀÀ¯ ®Ì°¨e‬‬

‫‪Êv cZ Ì Ze‬‬

‫]‪ÄÌ·ÁY d§ZË Z‬‬ ‫ ‪ÊËZÌ¼Ì ÉZÅ Á‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :3‬ﺩﺭﺧﺖ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ‬

‫ ‪{ZË{ Y ÉZÅ Á‬‬ ‫] {‪d¨¿ d Y‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫• ‪Nanotechnology‬‬ ‫• ‪Nanorobot & Nanobot‬‬ ‫• ‪Nanoemulsion‬‬ ‫• ‪Nanosensor‬‬ ‫• ‪Nanofluid‬‬ ‫• ‪Nanoidentation‬‬ ‫• ‪Nanoparticle‬‬ ‫• ‪Nanocrystal‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻯ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 41‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻛﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ 41‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ )‪ ، (www.onepetro.org‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ‪،OTC3، SPE‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :6‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ 4WPC، PETSOC5‬ﻭ ‪ IPTC6‬ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 5‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ ،6‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،2000‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﺏ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ "ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻴﻨﻴﺎ‪"7‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2005‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ 2006‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍً ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2006‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺻﺮﻓ ًﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :5‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺳﺎﻝ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2007‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺞ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2007‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ،2008‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻛﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ )ژﻭﺋﻦ ‪ (2010‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 16 ،2010‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2007‬ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻯ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،2006‬ﺭﺷﺪ ﻫﺸﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ 2010‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 7‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 8‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ‪ ،EOR‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﺗ ًﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺣﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺳﻨﮓ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻔﻌﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 9‬ﻧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 9‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ‪ scale‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﺶﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺖ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻯ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺫﺭﺍﺗﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺰﺍﺋﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻭﻝ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 4‬ﻧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﻭﻝﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :7‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :1‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :8‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﺝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺩﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻟﺬﺍ ﻣﺪﺕﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﺯ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺧﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ‬

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‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 8‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ )‪ (EOR‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺣﻔﺎﺭﻯ‬

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‫ﺳﻴﻤﺎﻧﻜﺎﺭﻯ‬

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‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬

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‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :2‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ژﺋﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ‬

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‫ﭼﺎﻩ ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﻰ‬

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‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 10‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :9‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :3‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :4‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ‬

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‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﻰ‬

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‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻔﺖ‬

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‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬

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‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‬

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‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :10‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺗﻰ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺪﻯﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﻭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 11‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﻪﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺗﺮﻏﻴﺐ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﻰ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻢ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺘ ًﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :11‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :12‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫‪ 12‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Baker Hughes‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎﻟﻴﺒﺮﺗﻮﻥ‪ 9‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﮕﺰﺍﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﻴﻦ‬

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‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪Baker Hughes‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﻯ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ‪،‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ‪ 10‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺁﺑﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﮕﺎﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺎﻝ ﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻣﻮﺵ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ‪ ،ISI‬ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺛﺒﺖ ﭘﺘﻨﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺛﺒﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﻌﺎﻻﻥ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺳﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 41‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ ،2010‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2007‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﺸﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2006‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﺯﺩﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﭼﺎﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﺍﺯ ‪ Scale‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻧﻔﺘﻰ ‪ Baker Hughes‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﮕﺰﺍﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺁﺑﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﻰ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎﻩ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺩﻟﺸﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻴﺮﺿﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﺎﻣﻰ‪" ،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ"‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،147‬ﺩﻯ ﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪.15 -12 ،1388‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﺟﺒﺎﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺒﻮﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻰ "ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ"‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ ،154‬ﺗﻴﺮﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪.1389‬‬ ‫‪3.Habibi, A. Bastami, Z. Jabbari,‬‬ ‫‪A. Askari, A. Maboodi, M.‬‬ ‫‪Delshad, E. Ahmadvand, “A Study‬‬ ‫‪on the Progress of Nanotechnology‬‬ ‫‪in upstream and downstream of‬‬ ‫‪oil industry in Iran”, International‬‬ ‫‪Conference on Nanotechnology:‬‬ ‫‪Fundamentals and Applications,‬‬ ‫‪Ottawa, Canada, 4-6 August 2010.‬‬ ‫‪4.P. Pourafshary, S.S. Azimipour,‬‬ ‫‪P. Motamedi, M. Samet, S.A.‬‬ ‫‪Taheri, H. Bargozin, and S.S.‬‬ ‫‪Hendi, “Priority Assessment of‬‬ ‫‪Investment in Development of‬‬ ‫‪Nanotechnology in Upstream‬‬ ‫‪Petroleum Industry”, SPE 126101,‬‬ ‫‪Saudi Arabia Section Technical‬‬ ‫‪Symposium, 9-11 May 2009,‬‬ ‫‪AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia.‬‬ ‫‪5. www.SPE.org‬‬ ‫‪6. www.OnePetro.org‬‬ ‫ﭘﻰﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﻫﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1.Society of Petroleum Engineers‬‬ ‫‪2.American Institute of Mining,‬‬ ‫‪Metallurgical, and Petroleum‬‬ ‫‪Engineers‬‬ ‫‪3.Offshore Technical Conference‬‬ ‫‪4.World Petroleum Congress‬‬ ‫‪5.Petroleum Society of Canada‬‬ ‫‪6.International Petroleum and‬‬ ‫‪Technology Conference‬‬ ‫‪7. Virginia Tech.‬‬ ‫‪8. Nanoagent‬‬ ‫‪9.Halliburton‬‬ ‫‪10.HSE‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻰ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻔﮕﺎﻧﮓ ﺟﻰ ﻛﺮﻳﻠﻴﻨﮓ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻮﺍﻻ ﺳﻤﻠﺮ ﺑﻨﻜﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻴﻢ ﭼﺎﻭﺫﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﻰ‪hassansalimi@aut.ac.ir ،‬‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻜﺎﭘﻮﻯ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻭ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﻤﻪ"ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ" ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﺍ ً ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻰ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪﺍﻯ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻰ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:1‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﻻﻯ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻣﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﮔﺬﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺠﻴﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﮔﻔﺘﮕﻮ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻔﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﻥ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺟﺎﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺑﻰ ﺣﺮﻑ ﻭ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‪ -‬ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻧﻜﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻗﻄﻌﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻄﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻰ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬ ‫‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬

‫ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻯ‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ 1‬ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻏﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺕ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻰ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﻣﺠﺰﺍﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻮﺧﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺻﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻣﻠﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﮋﻳﻚ ‪2007‬‬

‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻰﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﻭ ﺗﻚ ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2007‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2009‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎً ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ )ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 60‬ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻡ(‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺁژﺍﻧﺲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2006‬‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻰ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻰ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 0/2‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ‪ 2‬ﺁﻧﮕﺴﺘﺮﻡ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﻏﺬﺍﻯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺷﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻏﺬﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‬

‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ...‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻰ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻰ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺭﻭﻳﺎﻝ‪2004 ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ )‪ 0,2‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ(‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻳﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )ﺍﻳﺰﻭ(‬

‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻣﺮﺯ‬ ‫‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﻩ ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ًﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ‪100‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺭﺥ ﻧﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻮﺷﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻰ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻚ ﺗﻚ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ًﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻏﺸﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ )ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ( ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ )ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ( ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻗﻄﺮ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮﻯ ﻳﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻰﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻞ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﺴﻂ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻟﮕﺎﺭﻳﺘﻤﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﮔﻰ ﻭ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ‪100‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻴﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻭ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻰﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺁﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﺠﻤﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﮔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺣﺠﻤﻰ )‪ (VSSA‬ﺁﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 60‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮﺍﻗﺺ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻧﻤﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﺭﺗﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﻰﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻩ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪ -‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ًﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ )ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ (BET‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﻮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ‪ ρ‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.2‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﺪﻡ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺠﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺯ ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺨﺶ‬ ‫‪ 10‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻯ‪ 1 ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻯ ﻳﺎ ‪ 0,1‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺰﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺧﻴﺮ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺯ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮﻳﻔﻴﻮژ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺟﺮﻣﻰ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺟﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺣﺠﻤﻰ‬

‫ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ )‪ (FP7‬ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫)‪-2008-SL-NeuroNano) (NMP4‬‬ ‫‪-2009-SL-ENPRA (NMP4 ،214547‬‬ ‫‪-SL-InLiveTox (NMP4 ، 228789‬‬ ‫‪ (228625-2009‬ﻭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ SPP1313‬ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺤﺚﻫﺎﻯ ﺛﻤﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺧﻮﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (SCENIHR‬ﻭ ‪ SCCS‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻭ‪ .‬ﺩﺟﻮﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﺭ‪ .‬ﺷﻴﻨﺰ‪ ،‬ﭘﻰ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺸﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ ﻣﻰﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺣﺠﻤﻰ≤‪ 60‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫‪W.G. Kreyling, A complementary‬‬ ‫‪definition of nanomaterial, Nano Today‬‬ ‫‪(2010) 5, pp165—168‬‬ ‫ﭘﻰ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺰﻭﻣ ًﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺻﺮﻓ ًﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺍﻃﻼﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﺓ ﻛﺎﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2010‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‪ :‬ﺻﺎﺩﻕ ﻣﺴﻴﺒﻰ ﺟﻴﺮﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2010‬ﻛﺎﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫)‪ (Kavli Prize 2010‬ﺭﻭﺯ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻄﺎ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﺍﻝ ﻃﻼ ﻭ ﻟﻮﺡ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﺰﺓ ﻛﺎﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻣﺴﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﺠﻮﻡ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺸﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻯ ﻧﻴﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﺎﻛﺮﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻠﺴﻮﻥ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻛﺎﻟﺞ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﻟﻨﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺟﺮ ﺍﻧﮕﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺭﻳﺰﻭﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮپ ﻏﻮﻝﭘﻴﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺪﺓ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﺓ ﻧﺠﻮﻡ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻤﺎﺩﻥ ‪ IBM‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻥﺧﻮﺯﺓ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛ ًﺎ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﺓ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻣﺎﺱ ﺳﻮﺩﻫﻮﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﻔﻮﺭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﭽﺎﺭﺩ ﭼﻠﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪) Genentech‬ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ( ﻭ ﺟﻴﻤﺰ ﺭﻭﺗﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛ ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪﺓ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﺰﺓ ﻛﺎﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻳﺰﺓ ﻛﺎﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪﻓﺮﺩ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

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‫ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻋﻄﺎ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻛﺮﻭﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺮﻭژﻯ ‪Science‬‬ ‫ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ and Letters‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﺓ ﻛﺎﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2010‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻧﺎﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﻤﻦ )ﺭﺍﺳﺖ( ﻭ ﺩﻭﻧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ )ﭼﭗ(‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻤﺎﺩﻥ ‪IBM‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﻛﺎﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ )‪(2010‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻥﺧﻮﺯﺓ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﻤﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ ﺍﻋﻄﺎ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻚﺗﻚ ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ؟‪ ...‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‪» ،‬ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻰﺳﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﺷﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺗﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻢ ﺻﺤﺒﺘﻰ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺁﻧﺎﻥ« ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺶﻫﺎ ﺗﻼﺷﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﻘﺾ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ؛ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺳﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﺗﻮﻧﻠﻰ ﺭﻭﺑﺸﻰ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺑﻴﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺭﻭﻫﺮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻰﺷﺪ ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺑﺸﻰ ﺩﻣﺎﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﺗﻮﻧﻠﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻮﺏﺩﻫﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻮﻙ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﻢ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﻧﺎﻟﺪ ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻧﻮﻙ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻯ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻨﺮﺍﻧﻰﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻫﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،1989‬ﺍﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﭽﺎﺭﺩ ﻓﺎﻳﻨﻤﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﻔﺖ‪» :‬ﭼﻪ ﭼﻴﺰﻯ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻄﻔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﻟﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻭﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ‪ 48‬ﺍﺗﻢ ﺁﻫﻦ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ 14/3‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺴﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫»ﺁﻏﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻰ« ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺴﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻫﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻰ ﺧﻮﺵﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺁﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻛ ّﻤﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﻨﺶ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻰﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ »ﺳﺮﺍﺏﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻰ« ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻛﺸﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﻴﻀﻰﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻮﺽ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭﺕ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺟﻬﺖ ﺁﺑﺸﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺗﻚﺯﻣﺎﻧﺔ ﻳﻚ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺗﻰ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍً ﺍﻳﮕﻠﺮ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺮﺍﻧﮕﻴﺨﺘﮕﻰ ﺍﺳﭙﻴﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺳﻴﻤﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺩﺭﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﻴﻤﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ‪DNA‬‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺎﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﭼﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻌﺐﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺷﻰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ‪DNA‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ‪ DNA‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ )‪ (A,G,T,C‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﺭﺷﺘﺔ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ‪ DNA‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻔﺖ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭻ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻤﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻮﺗﺎ ِﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ‪ DNA‬ﺭﺍ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻔﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﺑﻪﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﺩﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﻪﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ »ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺩﺑﺨﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻰ‪«1‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،1980‬ﺳﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻯ‪ 2‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫‪ DNA‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﺮﺗﺐﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺑُﻌﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺯﺓ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ‪ DNA‬ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻯ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ‪DNA3‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻟﻮﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﺮﺍﺱ ﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻮ ﺍﻳﺠﻴﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺧﻪﺩﺍ ِﺭ ﻫﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺩﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﻩ ﻛﺎﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ )‪(2008‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻤﻦ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺘﺔ ‪ DNA‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻳﻴﺲ ﺑﺮﻭﺱ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻣﻴﻮ ﺍﻳﺠﻴﻤﺎ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻟﻴﻌﻬﺪ ﻫﺎﻛﻮﻥ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻰ ﺗﻚﺭﺷﺘﻪﺍﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ DNA‬ﺷﺎﺧﻪﺩﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭼﻨﺪﻭﺟﻬﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺎﻙ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺸﺖﻭﺟﻬﻰ ﺑﻰﺳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://www.kavliprize.no :‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪DNA‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﭘﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﺎﻝ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﻰﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﻠﻘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻮﺭﻭﻣﻴﻦ‪ 5‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻋﻰ ﻭﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫‪1. Self-assemble‬‬ ‫‪2. Structural information‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻤﻰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ‪3. assigming sequences to DNA‬‬ ‫‪strands‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ‬ ‫‪4. DNA knote‬‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫‪5. Borromean rings‬‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺑﻌﺪﻯ ‪ DNA‬ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﺩﻫﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻤﻦ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺑﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪6. checker board‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ‪ ،DNA‬ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭﺑﻌﺪﻯ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪7. individually addressible‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﭼﻜﺮﺑﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪8. walker‬‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ‪DNA‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪﻯ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺩﻭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺳﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﺔ ﺗﻚ‪-‬ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻰﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪ 7‬ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﻤﻦ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪ DNA‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﻯ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺗﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰﻫﺎﻯ ‪ DNA‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﺮﻫﻢﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩﮔﺮﺩﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﻯ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍﻩﺭﻭﻧﺪﻩﻫﺎﻯ‪ 8‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥﺑﻨﺪﻯﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ‪ DNA‬ﺭﺍ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍً ﻳﻚ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎ ِژ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺭﻳﺰﻯ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ‪ DNA‬ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻰ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ "ﺍﺛﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﮔﻰ" ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻭ ﻧﻮﻙ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪﻯ ﺭﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ )ﻗﺮﻣﺰ( ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ‬ ‫)ﺁﺑﻰ( ﻣﻨﺤﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪) .‬ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺕ ﺩﺍﺑﻠﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﭘﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻨﺴﻴﻠﻮﺍﻧﻴﺎ(‬

‫ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺱ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺍﺯ ﻄ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﻴﺒﺪﻥ)‪ (MoS2‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﭘﻰ ﻧﺒﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻔﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻩﻯ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻛﻰ‪ 1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻴﺒﺪﻥ )ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ(‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻮﺩﻳﻮﻡ ﺩﻯ ﺳﻠﻨﺎﻳﺪ )ﻓﻠﺰﻯ( ﻭ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﺭ ﺷﺶ ﻭﺟﻬﻰ‬ ‫)ﻋﺎﻳﻖ(‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﮕﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺸﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﭘﻮﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺷﻌﺎﻉ ﺳﻮﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻯ ﻠ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﭗ‪ ،‬ﺎﺑﺎﺭ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻜ ﻜ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺷﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﭼﺴﺒﻴﺪﻥ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻙ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻙ ﻭ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻻﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫)ﺷﻜﻞ ‪(1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﺮﺕ ﺩﺍﺑﻠﻴﻮ ﻛﺎﺭﭘﻴﻚ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﺮ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪" ،‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﮔﻰ" ﻣﻰﻧﺎﻣﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﺎﻑ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﻚ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺰﺍﺑﻼ ﻟﻮﻓﺎﺭﺳﻜﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﻮﻧﺴﻴﻦ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺴﻮﻥ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪" :‬ﺍﻳﺪﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺍ ﻄﻜﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍ ﮕ‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﻗﺒﻠﻰ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﻯ ﺍﺻﻄﻜﺎﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ]‪ ".[1‬ﺍﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﻼ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻴﻚ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺁﺑﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻏﺸﺎﻋﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫‪[1] T. Filleter, e t al., Phys. Re v. Lett.‬‬ ‫‪102 (2009) 86102.‬‬

‫ﭘﻰﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1-FFM‬‬ ‫‪2- Robert W. Carpick‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ‬ ‫‪ Etch A Sketch‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻯ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ 1000‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻧﻰﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﻯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺿﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻭﺩﻯ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ‪» :‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪«.‬‬

‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪Sandra A.Swanson :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﻮﺍﻗﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺴﻴﺒﻰ ﺟﻴﺮﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺮﻙ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،1609‬ﮔﺎﻟﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻠﺴﻜﻮپ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯﺷﻜﻞ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻓﺖ )ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ( ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻧﺠﻮﻡ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﻡ ﻏﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﻯ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 150‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﻴﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﻜﻠﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺩﺑﺎﺩﻙ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻰ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺯﻥﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺍﺩﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻤﻰﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Etch A Sketch‬‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﻰ ﻟﻮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻴﺘﺰﺑﻮﺭگ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺎﺳ ًﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﺠﻠﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻳﻢ‪ ...‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮﻯ ﭼﻴﺰﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ ﻟﻮﻯ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻃﺮﺍﺗﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻰ ﺑﭽﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2006‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏ ِ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﻭﮔﺴﺒﻮﺭگ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻻﻳﺔ ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻴﻔﺘﺔ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻟﻮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﮔﻔﺖ‪» :‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏ ِ‬ ‫‪ Etch A Sketch‬ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻡ‪«.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺷﻴﺸﻪﺍﻯ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﺮﺍﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ‪ Etch A Sketch‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻙﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺷﮕﻔﺖﺯﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻯ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﻭ ﺩﻭ ﻻﻳﺔ ﻧﺎﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ )ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﻻﻧﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻭﻧﺘﻴﻮﻡ( ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ‪ ،Etch A Sketch‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻴﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻭﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﻙ ﺗﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺸﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ‪ Science‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﺸﮕﻰ ‪Etch A‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﺩﺳﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫‪ Sketch‬ﻓﺎﺋﻖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ -‬ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺍﺷﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ )ﺍﻟﮕﻮ(‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎ ًﻻ ﻫﻴﭻ ﺑﭽﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺔ »ﻗﻔﻞﺷﺪﻥ ﺟﻬﺖﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻘﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺭﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎﻯﺑﺎﺯﮔﺸﺖﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩﺭﺟﺪﺍﺷﺪﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻟﻰ« ﻟﺬﺕ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺟﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﭼﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺵ ﺟﺮﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺰﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﭘﺎﺭﺗﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﭘﻜﻴﻨﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ‪ Physical Review Letters‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺟﺬﺍﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﭽﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﭘﻜﻴﻨﺰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﭼﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌ ًﺎ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪ «.‬ﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺵ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻟﻰ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺗﻰ )ﮔﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻳﻠﻴﻮﻧﻢ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ( ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒ ًﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻟﻰ »ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪ« ﻳﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻰ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺰﺭگﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻰ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺨﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺦﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ِ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳﻮﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻠﻴﺴﻴﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫)ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺎﻙ( ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺒﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻴﺦﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﭼﺖ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻋﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﭘﻴﻨﺒﺎﻝ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ژﺍﭘﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﮔﻔﺖ‪» :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﭘﺎﭼﻴﻨﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ «.‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻰ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳﻮﻡ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻮﻙﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﺍً‬ ‫‪ 50‬ﺩﻻﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﺒﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﻭ ﮔﻠﻴﺴﻴﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﭼﺖ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﺯﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 300‬ﺩﻻﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺧﺮﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪«.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :1‬ﺑﻮﻡ ﻧﻘﺎﺷﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻢ ‪ Etch A Sketch‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‪ِ ،‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺷﻴﺸﻪﺍﻯ ﻣﻰﺗﺮﺍﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﺮﻣﻰ ﻟﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﻴﺘﺰﺑﻮﺭگ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻙﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ ﺷﮕﻔﺖﺯﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Shrinky Dink‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺸﻞ ﺧﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﺪﺓ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕِ ‪ Shrinky Dink‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﻭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﭙﻨﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﻮ ﻣﻰﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻋﺸﻖ ﻣﻰﻭﺭﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﭼﻴﺰ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﺁﻭﺭﺩ – ﻳﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮ ﻣﻰﺧﻨﺪﻧﺪ«‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2008‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ‪) Lab on a Chip‬ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺘﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ( ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﺮﺍﺭﺟﺎ ِﻉ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸﺮﻳﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻭﻯ ﺍﻳﻤﻴﻞﻫﺎﻯ‬

‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺠﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺴﺨﺮ ﻭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ‪ Shrinky Dink‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺟﺎﻕ ﮔﺎﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻦ ﺧﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻧﻮﭘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻟﻰ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺷﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﺟﺒﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﺪﺩﺍً ﺳﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺴﺮ ﻣﻰﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﺪﺓ ‪ Shrinky Dink‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :3‬ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺨﺘﺔ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺟﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﭘﻜﻴﻨﺰ ﺗﺨﺘﺔ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﭼﺮﺧﺎﻧﺪﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳﻮﻡ ﭘﺮﺗﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺳﺖ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﻳﺰﺭ )ﻋﻜﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ( ﻭ ﺟﻮﻝ ﻓﺮﭼﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺑﻴﻮﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﭘﻜﻴﻨﺰ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺨﺘﺔ ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻴﺦﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳﻮﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻠﻴﺴﻴﺮﻳﻦ )ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺎﻙ( ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻠﻴﺮﻳﻨﮓ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﭼﻤﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻴﺦﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﻔﻜﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ!«‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾﺷﺪﻥ ‪،Shrinky Dink‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺟﻮﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﻰﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻗﻴﻘ ًﺎ ﺁﻥ ﭼﻴﺰﻯ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻰﮔﺸﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ‪ Shrinky Dink‬ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﭼﺎﭘﮕﺮ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﮕﻮ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﻥ ﭼﺎپ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻯ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻯ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‪ ،‬ﺧﻴﻦ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘ ًﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ًﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ‪Shrinky‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :4‬ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ‪SHRINKY DINK‬‬ ‫ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ‪ SHRINKY DINK‬ﺩﺭ ‪ 17‬ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ‪ 1973‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﻛﻔﻴﻠﺪ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﺴﻜﺎﻧﺴﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﻓﺮﻭﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ‪www.shrinkyDinks.com ، SHRINKY DINK‬ﻫﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻚﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺓ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧُﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺿﺨﻴﻢﺗﺮ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :5‬ﺩﻳﻮﺍﻧﻪ؟‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺸﻞ ﺧﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺑﻴﻮﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺷﭙﺰﺧﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺴﺮ ﻣﻰﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﺪﺓ ‪ Shrinky Dink‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Dink‬ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻭﺍﻗﻌ ًﺎ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ«؛ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‪Shrink Nanotechnologies‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﻰ ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻥ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪Shrinky Dinks » :‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 60‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 95‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﺗﺮ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪«.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :6‬ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﺟﺎﻕ ﮔﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻴﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤ ًﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ‪Shrinky‬‬ ‫‪ Dink‬ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Shrink Nanotechnologies‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﻛﻪ ‪ 95‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺒﺎﺏﺑﺎﺯﻯﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻯ ﮔﻔﺖ‪» :‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﻜﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻢ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺷﮕﻔﺖﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪«.‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﮕﻮﭘﺘﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻠﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﺳﻨﮕﻮﭘﺘﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﻣﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻳﻢ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﭼﺮﺑﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ‪-‬ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩ«‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩﻯ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 200‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻻﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2005‬ﺟﺰﻳﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻯ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮﻳﺔ ‪ Nature‬ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻮﭘﺘﺎ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪Cerulean‬‬ ‫‪ .Pharma, Inc‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﺔ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ )ﺗﻚﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ( ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻟﻴﺴﺎﻧﺴﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻔﺖﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﺩﻛﻨﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺩﻛﻨﻚ ﺳﻨﮕﻮﭘﺘﺎ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻚ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﭼﻮﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻃﻴﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﻦ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ )ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝﺷﻮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺭ( ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺪﻓﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺯﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺵﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﻣﺒﺮ ‪ 2009‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﻔﺮﺍﻧﺲ ﻫﺪﻑﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻠﻮﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ؟ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﮔﻔﺖ‪» :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺾ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ«‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺩﻛﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺩﻛﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺻﺒﺢ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،2002‬ﺷﻴﻼﺩﻳﺘﻴﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻮﭘﺘﺎ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻨﺠﺮﺓ ﻳﻚ ﻗﻄﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻩﺣﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺁﺯﺍﺭﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻰﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﻣﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻨﮕﻮﭘﺘﺎ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪» :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺄﻟﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﻞ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ؟«‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻨﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺩﻛﻨﻚﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﺩﻛﻨﻚﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻰﻓﺮﻭﺧﺖ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺳﻨﮕﻮﭘﺘﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺩﻛﻨﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺩﻛﻨﻚ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :7‬ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺒﺎﺭﺯﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻟﺶ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﻯ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻼﺩﻳﺘﻴﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻮﭘﺘﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﺓ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ‬ ‫»ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻥ«‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ ﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻰﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻯ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺩﻛﻨﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺩﻛﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺭگ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻠﻮﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻯ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺩﻛﻨﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﻻﻳﺔ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻰﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ttp://www.scientificamerican.‬‬ ‫‪com/article.cfm?id=toy-box-tech‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﺪ ﻭﺍﻋﻈﻰ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﺣﻤﺪﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺁﻣﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺯﻯ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺶﺁﻣﻮﺯ‪nano games ،nano ،‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪﺍﻧﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﮔﺎﺭﻯ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻌﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻳﺖ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﻪﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺟﻤﺎﻟﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ )ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻯ( ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻳﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ )‪Nanotechnology Human Resource (NHRD‬‬ ‫‪ Development‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻯ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ‪ 2‬ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﻭ‬ ‫‪ 2‬ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﻭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺍﻧﻴﻤﻴﺸﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ nm magic‬ﻭ ‪the wonderland of‬‬ ‫‪ nanotechnology‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ‪ K-12‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ )ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻯ(‪:‬‬ ‫‪:nm magic‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﻨﻰ ‪ 10‬ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ 16‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺳﻌﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺗﺮ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻠﺶ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﻰ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻰ ﻗﻮﻯ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺼﺮﻯ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪:NanoMedicine‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ‪ 2‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺩﭼﺎﺭ ﺁﺳﻴﺐﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﻨﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻟﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻭ ﺷﺨﺼﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪ 4‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ‪ 315‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﻘﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺭﮔﻬﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﻧﻰ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﮔﻬﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﻧﻰ ﮔﻠﺒﻮﻟﻬﺎﻯ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺭگ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻰ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻠﺒﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪: the wonderland of nanotechnology‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﺮﻡﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﻨﻰ ﺩﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻰ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻠﺶ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫‪:NanoScaling‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻬﻮﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺰء ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﻢ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻗﻄﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺝ ﺍﻳﻔﻞ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺩﺭﻙ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﻮﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪:NanoImaging‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺳﻪ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺮﺏ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻜﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪ 5‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺎ ‪ 200‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻰ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻰ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﻨﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪:Nanoquest‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ‪ 13‬ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ 15‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ‪ 3D‬ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﻜﻰ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ‬ ‫‪ 5‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﻟﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﻭﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ‪ SPM‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﭗ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺗﺮﺍﺷﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪:K-12‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 52‬ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪:nanoventur‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ‪ 7‬ﺍﻟﻰ ‪ 16‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻯ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻣﻰﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﺍﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺗﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺁﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺭﻳﺴﻚ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﻦ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﺬﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫‪:Aqua Dance nanotech water slide‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ژﺍﭘﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻳﺰﻯ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﺿﺪ ﺁﺏ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻳﺰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﺁﺏ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻦ ﻗﻄﺮﻩ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺭﭼﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺭﭼﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺬﺍﺑﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻮﻟﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ 60‬ﮔﻮﻯ )ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﺍﺗﻢ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ( ﻭ ‪ 90‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ )ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺶ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮﻟﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺗﻮپ ﻓﻮﺗﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ‪ c28‬ﻭ ‪ c60‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺗﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﺩ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺟﻮﺭﭼﻴﻦ ﺟﺬﺍﺑﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺳﻨﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻧﻤﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻪ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻨﻰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺸﻨﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻣﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1388‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫‪/http://www.nanonet.go.jp/english/kids‬‬ ‫‪http://www.giantbomb.com‬‬ ‫‪http://www.nanomission.org/content/view/25/44/‬‬ ‫‪http://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/supplies/nanoventure/‬‬ ‫‪http://www.japantrendshop.com/aqua-drop-maze‬‬‫‪game-p-307.html‬‬ ‫‪http://nanoquest.ie/‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺘﻰ؛ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﻳﻰ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻰﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻔﻮﻯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻯ ‪ observatory NANO‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭ ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﻤﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺩﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ‪ :‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫‪ϴϬϬϬ‬‬ ‫‪ϳϬϬϬ‬‬ ‫‪ϲϬϬϬ‬‬ ‫‪ϱϬϬϬ‬‬ ‫‪ϰϬϬϬ‬‬ ‫‪ϯϬϬϬ‬‬ ‫‪YϭϭϬ‬‬

‫‪YϰϬϵ‬‬

‫‪YϯϬϵ‬‬

‫‪YϮϬϵ‬‬

‫‪YϭϬϵ‬‬

‫‪YϰϬϴ‬‬

‫‪YϯϬϴ‬‬

‫‪YϮϬϴ‬‬

‫‪YϭϬϴ‬‬

‫‪YϰϬϳ‬‬

‫‪YϯϬϳ‬‬

‫‪YϮϬϳ‬‬

‫‪YϭϬϳ‬‬

‫‪YϰϬϲ‬‬

‫‪YϯϬϲ‬‬

‫‪YϮϬϲ‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪ -1-1‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺩﻫﻪ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ )‪،(dot.com‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ‪The PriceWaterhouseCooper‬‬ ‫‪ ،Money Tree‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ‬

‫‪ϵϬϬϬ‬‬

‫‪YϭϬϲ‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﭘﺎ‪ 1‬ﻭ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﺍﻳﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎ‪ 2‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﺏ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺻﺪﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ )‪ (IPOs‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺣﺎﻛﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪ 3‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺷﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ‪،Index Ventures‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ‪ 350‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﺭﻭﻳﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ ،2009‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻯ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ‪ 20‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 40‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺭﻭ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2008‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ ^‪Dh‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ .1‬ﻛﻞ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬

‫‪ϭϮϬ‬‬ ‫‪ϭϬϬ‬‬ ‫‪ϴϬ‬‬ ‫‪ϲϬ‬‬ ‫‪ϰϬ‬‬ ‫‪ϮϬ‬‬ ‫‪Ϭ‬‬ ‫‪YϰϬϵ‬‬

‫‪YϯϬϵ‬‬

‫‪YϮϬϵ‬‬

‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫‪ ŝǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐ‬‬

‫‪YϭϬϵ‬‬

‫‪YϰϬϴ‬‬

‫‪YϯϬϴ‬‬

‫‪YϮϬϴ‬‬

‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫‪/ŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƐ‬‬

‫‪YϭϬϴ‬‬

‫‪YϰϬϳ‬‬

‫‪YϯϬϳ‬‬

‫‪YϮϬϳ‬‬

‫‪YϭϬϳ‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫‪&ƵŶĚƐ ƌĂŝƐĞĚ‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ .2‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻪ ‪EVCA‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺑﻊ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪) .2009‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻊ ﺍﻭﻝ ‪ 2007‬ﺗﺎ ﺭﺑﻊ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ‪.(2009‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،2008‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ 26‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ‪ 7/339‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺑﻪ ‪5/403‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 2006-2008‬ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻃﻰ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺑﻊ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2007‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ‪ 30‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ )‪(EVCA‬‬ ‫‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻳﻜﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ‪ :‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2-1‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ‪ 4‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ ،2009‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2008‬‬

‫ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )‪ 1/6‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ(‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻛﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ 2009‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 312‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2008‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ‪493‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪ 5/29‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫‪ -1-2‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﻟﻮﻛﺲ ﺭﻳﺴﺮچ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﺵ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ ‪ 792‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2008‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 42‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ )‪ 51‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ(‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻔﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻔﻮﻯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ‪ 23‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ‪ 17‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺗﺒﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 91‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ‪ 8/6‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﻟﻮﻛﺲ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺴﺮچ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﺳﻼﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2-2‬ﺳﻬﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺍﺛﺮ »ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺮﻭ‪ «5‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺟﺬﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ‪Nanosolar,‬‬ ‫‪ A123 Systems‬ﻭ ‪ ،Neophotonics‬ﺟﻤﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3-2‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2008‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻯ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ‪ 24‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺭﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺴﺖﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫‪ -4-2‬ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺧﻮﺩﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ )‪ (IPO‬ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪ‪ 6‬ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﺍﻯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﺢ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻔﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -5-2‬ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﺑﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﻯ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎﺯﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻻﻳﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺟﺪﻳ ِﺪ ِ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻰ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﺍﻳﺸﻰ ﻭ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﭘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ‪ ...‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺭﺗﻔﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﻰ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﺧﺼﻮﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ )‪ (IPOs‬ﻧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻄﺮﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪:‬‬ ‫‪1. Venture Capital in anotechnology,‬‬ ‫‪ObservatoryNANO, April 2010‬‬

‫ﭘﻰﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Start-ups.‬‬ ‫‪Spin-offs.‬‬ ‫‪Early stage.‬‬ ‫‪Seed Stage Investment‬‬ ‫‪Power Law‬‬ ‫‪Acquisition‬‬

‫‪1.‬‬ ‫‪2.‬‬ ‫‪3.‬‬ ‫‪4.‬‬ ‫‪5.‬‬ ‫‪6.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺎﺭژ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪﻩ‪Darius Dixon and Climatewire :‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻰ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﻥ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺎﺭژ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺎﺭژ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﺋﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻳﺎ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﭼﻮﺳﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺛﻠﺚ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﺭژ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬

‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺎﺭژ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ‪21‬‬ ‫ژﻭﺋﻦ ‪ 2010‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ‪Nature Nanotechnology‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﭘﺮﺳﺘﻲ ‪Yang Shao-Horn‬‬ ‫)ﺩﻛﺘﺮﺍﻱ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻚ( ﻭ ‪Paula‬‬ ‫‪) Hammond‬ﺩﻛﺘﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ( ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫‪ ،MIT‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﻛﺎﺗﺪ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ )ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ( ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺠﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﭼﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ‪ Shao-Horn‬ﻭ ‪Hammond‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﺋﻲ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ ‪ ،Seung Woo Lee‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻱ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ "ﭘﻴﻞﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ Lee .‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﻛﺘﺮﺍﻱ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ‪ 2010‬ﺩﻓﺎﻉ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺧﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ‪50000‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻱ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻢ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﺎﺳﺎﭼﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﻛﺎﺗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ )‪ (Exposed surface‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﻣﻲﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﻍ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺎﺯﻥ ﺑﺰﺭگ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫)ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ( ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ Shao-Horn‬ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﺧﺎﺯﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﺗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ‪3 ،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺗﺪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺘﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬ ‫‪ 100-200‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ Shao-Horn‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺗﺪﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺁﻝ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎ )‪Battery-‬‬ ‫‪ (Capacitors‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﺎﻳﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻜﺮﺭﺍً‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ )ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ‪-‬ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﺑﺎﻻﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺒﻴﻞﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻣﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ‪ ...‬ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﺍﻗﺺ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﺗﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻟﻴﺘﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﺮﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ Shao-Horn‬ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻤﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻁ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺋﻲ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺿﺨﻴﻢﺗﺮ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ 50‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ ًﺎ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﻱ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ )‪(Scale Up‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺨﻴﻢ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺿﺨﻴﻢﺗﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ Shao-Horn‬ﮔﻔﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ‪ ،‬ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ‪Hammond‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ )‪ (Biomaterial‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ 3‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻱ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ 15-20‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ )ﺳﺎﺑﺴﺘﺮﻳﺖ( ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﺍً ‪ 400‬ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ 3‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ Hammond‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ "ﺍﺳﭙﺮﻱ ﺍﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ" ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻱ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ ﻣﺪﻋﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ‪ 40‬ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 100‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻳﻊﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻫﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﺻﺮﻑ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ‪15‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻲ ‪ 20‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺖ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺿﺨﻴﻢﺗﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺒﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﺬﺍﺑﻴﺖ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﻧﺪ]‪ .[1‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﻼﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻯ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺧﺸﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﺷﺎﻳﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺷﮕﺮﻓﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ]‪ .[2,3‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ )ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻟﻰ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﻌﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺵ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺭ‪ ،1‬ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻔﻴﻌﻰ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‪ ،2‬ﺣﺴﺎﻡ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ‬

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‫‪ -1‬ﻋﻀﻮ ﻫﻴﺌﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‪pars2h@aut.ac.ir ،‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ ‪Shafiezadeh.shirin@yahoo.com ،‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻧﻔﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ ‪Hasannejad@che.sharif.edu ،‬‬

‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯ‪ ،‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺟﺬﺍﺏ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻫﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻩ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭﺍﻓﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻜﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؛ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﻠﻴﭽﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻕ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﻭﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ‬ ‫)ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻰ( ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻤﭙﻠﻨﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻰ( ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‬ ‫‪ -1-2‬ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕﻫﺎ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﻮﻳﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻨﻰﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻰ ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻨﻰﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶﺩﻫﻰ ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻨﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏﺗﺮﻯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﮔﻠﻮﻣﺮﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺩﻫﻰ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ]‪.[1‬‬ ‫ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻭ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻨﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﻧﻤﻰﮔﺬﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﻰ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻨﻬﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻑ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻴﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﻴﮕﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻨﺎﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺩﻓﻊ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺳﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻨﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻰ ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻨﻰﻫﺎ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺩﻫﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻨﻰﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﺩ]‪.[1‬‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﺸﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺑﻠﻮﺭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻒ ﺟﻮﺷﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮ ﻭ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﻰ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻧﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﭼﻘﺮﻣﮕﻰ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺒﻨﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﺏﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻨﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ]‪ .[1‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺮﺍﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻫﻤﭽﻮﻥ ژﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ]‪.[8-5‬‬ ‫‪ -2-2‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ]‪[1‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻭﺍژﻩ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﺰﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‪ .‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ‪(OH)2(OH)2(PO4)6(PO4)6Ca10Ca10‬ﺍﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻟﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻰ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﺷﺶﻭﺟﻬﻰ )ﻫﮕﺰﺍﮔﻮﻧﺎﻝ( ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ – 1‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ]‪(OH)2(OH)2(PO4)6(PO4)6Ca10Ca10 .[9‬ﺍ‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫‪ -3-2‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ]‪[1‬‬ ‫ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻛﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﻳﻨﮕﻰ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻋﻤﻮﻣ ًﺎ ﻓﻘﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﻰ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻳﻮﻥ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺟﺎﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻰﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪(OH, F, Cl)2 (PO4, CO3, y)6 (PO4, CO3, y)6 (Ca, M)10 (Ca, M)10 (OH, F, Cl)2‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ‪ M‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Ba , Pb , Sr , K , Na , Mg‬ﻭ ‪ y‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﻫﺎ‪ ،HPO4 HPO4 ،‬ﺑﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺎﺩﺍﺕﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻋﺎﺝ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺑﻠﻮﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4-2‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﭽﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﭼﻘﺮﻣﮕﻰ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺨﺸﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻮ ﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2002‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ "ﺳﺎﺭﻳﮓ" ﻭ "ﻛﺎﻫﺎﻧﺎ" ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪ 300‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻒ ﺟﻮﺷﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻭ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﻰ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﭼﻘﺮﻣﮕﻰ ﺷﻜﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﻩﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻰ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻮﺳﺮﺍﻣﻴﻚﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭﺷﺖ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1995‬ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2004‬ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ - 1‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ]‪[10‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ )ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ(‬

‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‬

‫‪1995‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪20‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺎﺷﺸﻰ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻟﻰ‬

‫‪2000‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ‪ 50‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ‪ 373‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ‪ PH=7,4‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺗﺘﺮﺍ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﺏﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬

‫‪2002‬‬

‫ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﭼﻴﺘﻮﺳﺎﻥ‪ /‬ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‬

‫‪2002‬‬

‫ﺭﺳﻮﺏﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬

‫‪2003‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﭘﺎﺷﺶ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﺭﻳﺰ ‪HA‬‬

‫‪2003‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺳﻞ‪-‬ژﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺗﺘﺮﺍ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺩﻯ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ‬

‫‪2003‬‬

‫ﺭﺳﻮﺏﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﻰ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬

‫‪2003‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻯ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‬

‫‪2003‬‬

‫ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﭘﻮﺩﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﻞ‪-‬ژﻝ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﻮﻡ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻼﻝ ﺁﺑﻰ‬

‫‪2004‬‬

‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺁﺑﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‬

‫‪2004‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ )ﭘﻮﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺑﺴﺖ( ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺩﻫﻰ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫‪47‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪(OH)2-x(OH)2-x(PO4)6-x(PO4)6-x(HPO4)x(HPO4)xCa10-xCa10-x‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ – 2‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ]‪[11‬‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ - 2‬ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ]‪[12‬‬

‫‪48‬‬

‫ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻓﺎﺯ‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﺩ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﻧﻮ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪Ca (H2PO4H2 PO4).‬‬ ‫‪H2H2O‬‬

‫‪-----‬‬

‫‪MCP‬‬

‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪CaHPO4PO4,2H2H2O‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﺷﻴﺖ‬

‫‪DCPD‬‬

‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺩﻯ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻰﺁﺏ‬

‫‪CaHPO4PO4‬‬

‫ﻣﻮﻧﺘﻴﺖ‬

‫‪DCPA‬‬

‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺍﻛﺘﺎ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﭘﻨﺘﺎ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫)‪Ca8H2(PO4‬‬ ‫‪Ca8H2 (PO4).5H25H2O‬‬

‫‪-----‬‬

‫‪OCP‬‬

‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﻯ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬

‫‪Ca3(PO4)2‬‬

‫ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﺘﺎ ﻳﺎ ﻭﻳﺖ ﻟﻮﻛﻴﺖ‬

‫‪TCP‬‬

‫‪6‬‬

‫ﭘﻨﺘﺎ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﻞ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬

‫‪Ca5(PO4)3‬‬ ‫‪Ca5(PO4)3OH‬‬

‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‬

‫‪HAP‬‬

‫‪7‬‬

‫ﺗﺘﺮﺍ ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻛﺴﻴﺪ‬

‫‪Ca4Ca4O(PO4)2 (PO4)2‬‬

‫ﻫﻴﻠﮕﻨﺴﺘﻮﻛﻴﺖ‬

‫‪TCPM‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﻨﺪ]‪ .[1‬ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ )ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻃﺮ‬ ‫ﱢ‬ ‫‪ ، (HA‬ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺮﻡﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺮﻡﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺿﻴﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺰﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﻰ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻴﺮﮔﻰ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ]‪.[13‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ‪ ،‬ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ‪ Dent Swiss‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻠﻴﭽﻴﻨﮓ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﻧﮕﺪﺍﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻰ )ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻬﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﻯ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﺒﺎﻛﻮ( ﺑﻪ ﺭﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻦﺗﺮﺩﺭ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢﻫﺎ )‪ (Papain, Bromelain‬ﺑﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﻰ ﭘﻼﻙ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ‪Nanoxyd‬‬ ‫)ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ( ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﺗﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻛﻠﺴﻴﻢ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﺴﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺗﺮﻯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻰ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻣﻰﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻢ ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢ‪ Q10 1‬ﺑﺎﺯﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎﺏ ﻟﺜﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﺄﻣﻴﻦ ‪) E‬ﺁﻧﺘﻰ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﻧﺖ( ﺍﺯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺜﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺍﻯ ﻣﻰﺑﺨﺸﺪ]‪.[14‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺭﺯﻳﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،2‬ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺯﻳﻦﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‪ 3‬ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻼﭘﺬﻳﺮﻯ‪ 5‬ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ‪ 4‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻰﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ]‪.[15‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺭﺯﻳﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺗﺮﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺣﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﺯﻳﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻳﺰﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺟﻔﺖ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪﻓﺮﺩﻯ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻰ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭ ًﻻ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‪ ،‬ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻰ‪ 6‬ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‪ 7‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺛﺎﻧﻴ ًﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣ ِّﺪ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻰ ﻣﺎﻛﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻰ )‪ 40-0,7‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ( ﻭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻜﻮﭘﻰ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ )ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 10-1‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ( ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺣ ِّﺪ ﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰﺗﺮ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﺗﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻰ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ]‪.[15‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺷﻌﻪ‬ ‫‪ UV‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﻔﺖ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺁﺷﻨﺎﺋﻰ ﻋﻮﺍﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﺟﻼ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪ .[16‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﺸﻪﺍﻯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﺳﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪.(3‬‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻰ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ ﻣﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﺕ ﺁﻟﻮﻣﻴﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﺍﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ]‪.[2‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪﺍﻯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﻮ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭﻙ ﻭ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻰ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ]‪[3‬؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺏ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻰ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺎﻛﺮﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﺭﺍﻡﺗﺮﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﭼﻴﺰﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻙ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ - 3‬ﭘﻮﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺸﻪﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺍﺳﻜﺎﺕ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺨﺘﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺍﻝ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ]‪[16‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻣﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪﻯ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻳﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﺍﺣﺎﻥ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺰﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ]‪ .[17‬ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ )ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ، (4‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1-5‬ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺷﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻰ ﺩﻫﺎﻧﻰ]‪[2‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪﻯ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺿﺪ ﺩﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺜﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺁﺭﺍﻡ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺎﺝ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻁ‪ 8،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫‪ 9ginigival sulcus‬ﻭ‪ lamina propria‬ﻭ ‪dentinal‬‬ ‫‪ tubules‬ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻟﭗ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻟﭗ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺿ ّﺪ ﺩﺭﺩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻚ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺣﺴﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻚ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺣﺲﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2-1-5‬ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﺑﺎﺗﻰ]‪[2‬‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﻭﺑﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﺯﺍﻝ‪ 10‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﻯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﭘﺎﺋﻴﻦ ﻟﺜﻪﺍﻯ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﮔﻰ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﻟﻰ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﻰﺿﺮﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻰﺑﻮ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻣﺮﺋﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪10‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ 1‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 10‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺮ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺗﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩ؛ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ – 4‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳﻴﺪﮔﻰ]‪[18‬‬

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‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺷﻨﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺮﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺗﻰ‬ ‫)ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﻤﻴﺮﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ( ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﭘﺮﻛﻦﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﺮﻣﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺟﺬﺍﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺯﺩﺍﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻛﺎﻭﺷﮕﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻯ ‪ .1‬ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﻭ ‪ .2‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻜﻬﺎﻯ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻰ‬ ‫)ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻰ( ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﭘﻴﺸﻰ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﻰ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪.[3‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﭼﻪ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻧﭙﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻧﻴﺎﻯ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﭘﺮﻛﻦ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﭘﻮﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪﺗﺮ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺫﻫﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺪﺭﺩﺍﻧﻰ‬ ‫ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺮﻩ‬1389 ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻔﻴﻌﻰ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬ .‫ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬A ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬ ‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ‬،"‫ " ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻔﻴﺪﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻔﻴﻌﻰ ﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬.[1] 1389 ‫ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺵ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺭ‬:‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬،‫ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ [2]. Saravana R Kumar, R Vijayalakshmi, Indian Journal Of Dental Research, Vol. 17, No. 2, 2006 [3]. Vuk Ushokovic, Luiz Eduardo Bertassoni, Materials, 3, 2010 :‫ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬, 2007 :‫ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ‬,2 :‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬,1 :‫ ﺟﻠﺪ‬,‫ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ‬،‫ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ‬.[4] 137-146 [5]. Cuimiao Zhang, Chunxia Li, Shanshan Huang, Zhiyao Hou, Ziyong Cheng, Piaoping Yang, Chong Peng and Jun Lin, Biomaterials, Vol. 31, issue 12, April 2010 [6]. Samar J. Kalita and Saurabh Verma, Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 30, issue 2, 30 January 2010 [7]. Tse-Ying Liu, San-Yuan Chen, Dean-Mo Liu, and Sz-Chian Liou, Journal of Controlled Release, Vol. 107, issue 1, September 2005 [8]. Feng Ye, Haifeng Guo, Haijiao Zhang and Xiulan He, Acta Biomaterialia, Vol. 6, issue 6, June 2010 http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/mr/v10n2/a04fig02.gif .[9] ‫ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﻓﺘﺤﻰ ﻭ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﺷﻴﺦ‬:‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬،"‫ "ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﺑﻚ‬،‫ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺎﺛﻰ‬.[10] 1386 ،‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬،‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬،‫ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ [11]. http://www.hgs-model.com/gallery/img/pho_14.gif ‫ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﻬﺪﻯ‬:‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬،"‫ "ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﻮﺭﻓﻜﺘﺎﻧﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻰ ﺁﭘﺎﺗﻴﺖ‬،‫ ﻧﺴﺎء‬،‫ ﺍﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺎﻥ ﻃﺎﺭﻯ‬.[12] 1387 ‫ ﺑﻬﻤﻦ‬،‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‬،‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ‬،‫ﻛﺎﺷﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ [13]. B.I. Kim, S.H. Jeong, S.O. Jang, K.N. Kim, H.K. Kwon, Y.D. Park, Key Engineering Materials Vols. 309-311 , 2006 [14].http://www.ciao.co.uk/Productinformation/Swiss_Dent_Nano_Whitening_ Toothpaste__7379474 [15]. Applications of Nanotechnology, Douglas A. Terry, DDS, Editorial Commentary, UCLA Center for Esthetic Dentistry [16]. Nano Fine glass powder for beautiful teeth, Schott Press Information, International Dental Show, Cologne, Germany, March 2009 ‫ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺍﻣﻴﺮ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ‬،‫ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ‬،"‫ "ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﻫﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﻬﺎﺭﻩ‬،‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﻯ‬.[17] 1389 ‫ ﺗﻴﺮ‬، ،‫ ﭘﺮﻳﻮﺵ ﺣﺴﻴﻦ ﭘﻮﺭ‬:‫ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎ‬،‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‬ [18].http://physicaplus.org.il/zope/home/en/1223032001/art_deep_en/zope/sites/ physicaplus/home/en/1223032001/art_deep_en/image015.gif?display=

:‫ﭘﻰﻧﻮﺷﺖ‬ 1. Co Enzyme 2. Filler Component 3. Load 4. Polishability 5. Wear and fracture resistance 6. Dental tubules 7. Enamel rods 8. Mucosa 9. ‫ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﻟﺜﻪ ﻳﺎ‬Gingival line ‫ﻭ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ‬ ‫ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻴﻖﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺎﻓﺖﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﻧﺪﺍﻥ‬.‫ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‬Epithelial attachment ‫ ﺍﭘﻴﺘﻠﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻳﺎ‬.10 ‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‬ 11. Subocclusal dwelling nanorobotic dentifrice

155 ‫ | ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ‬6 ‫ | ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬1389 ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻮﺳﺘﻴﻦ )‪ (NanoSustain‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ )‪ ، (FP7‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2010‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ‪ 3‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻋﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻬﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻮﺳﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺍﻻﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﭼﻄﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ؟ ﻭ‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺠﺎ ﺧﺘﻢ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ؟‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻜﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺴﻞ ﺁﺗﻰ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻮﺳﺘﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻬﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪/http://www.nanosustain.eu :‬‬

‫ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻯ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ )‪ (IVAM‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﻰ ﺭﺍﺍ ﺍﻧ ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﺗ ﻘ ﻘ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺭﻯ ﻼ‬ ‫ﺎﻝ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻻﻯ ﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1125‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ‪ 15‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻭ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2008‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎ )‪ 52‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪،2010‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ‬ ‫‪ 33‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 15‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺰﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ 62/9 ،‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻟﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﻤﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪58/8 .‬‬

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‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2010‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻰ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪53 .‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ‪ 40‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ 59‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2011‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 7‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪www.nanotech-now.com :‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ»ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ«‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺳ ﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﺭ ﺧ ﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩﺩ ﺩﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2014‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 75‬ﻠ ﺎ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ‪ 17‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2014‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 75/1‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻯ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺯﺧﻢﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺮﺥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﻨﺪﻣﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺑﺮ ‪ 18‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ‪ 6/8‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2014‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ‪ 11/3‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻰ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﻭ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2014‬ﺍﺯ ‪530‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﺑﻪ ‪ 5/1‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2014‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭ(‬

‫ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬

‫‪2004‬‬

‫‪2009‬‬

‫‪2014‬‬

‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫‪2004-2009‬‬

‫‪2009-2014‬‬

‫ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

‫‪16073‬‬

‫‪34180‬‬

‫‪75100‬‬

‫‪16/3‬‬

‫‪17/1‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬

‫‪10340‬‬

‫‪25520‬‬

‫‪58700‬‬

‫‪19/8‬‬

‫‪18/1‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

‫‪5660‬‬

‫‪8130‬‬

‫‪11300‬‬

‫‪7/5‬‬

‫‪6/8‬‬

‫ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻟﻮﺍﺯﻡ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

‫‪73‬‬

‫‪530‬‬

‫‪5100‬‬

‫‪48/7‬‬

‫‪57/3‬‬

‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ )ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ( ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ‪ FZ-139 № Law‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2007‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻟﻮﻳﺖ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻇﺎﻳﻒ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺐ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻤﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ؛ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻣﻴﺘﺮﻯ ﻣﺪﻭﺩﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻰ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺪﺭﺍﻝ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻣﻀﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺁﻧﺎﺗﻮﻟﻰ ﭼﻴﻮﺑﺎﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪:،‬‬ ‫»ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻰ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﺘﺮ ﺭﻳﺎﺳﺖ ﺟﻤﻬﻮﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻯ ﭘﺎﺭﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ«‪ .‬ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪،2010‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻬﺎﻣﻰ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺯ )‪open joint-stock‬‬ ‫‪ (company‬ﻛﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ‪ 100‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﭼﻴﻮﺑﺎﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺻﺮﻓﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﻌﺎﺭﻯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺴﻮﻭﻟﻴﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻬﺎﻣﻰ ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪www.rusnano.com :‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ‪ 351‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ‪ 4800‬ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻰ ‪http://freedoniagroup.‬‬ ‫‪ com/Industry.aspx?IndustryId=LIFE‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪www.nanotech-now.com :‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‬ ‫)‪ (ANSI‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻰ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻨﻴﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺙ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ ﻓﻨﻰ )‪ (TAG‬ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻓﻨﻰ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )‪ (ISO‬ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ‪ 25‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪12‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻻﻯ ‪ 2010‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻧﺪﻫﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻭﺍژﻩﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ؛ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩﻣﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺤﺚﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺟﻤﻊﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﺑﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﺍژﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺫﻳﻨﻔﻌﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ؛‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ؛‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻧﺸﺎﺕﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ؛ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻭ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﭘﺰﺷﻜﻰ« ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪http://publicaa.ansi.org/sites/apdl/tc229/‬‬ ‫‪Nanomedicine%20Terminology%20‬‬ ‫‪Final.pdf‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪www.nanotech-now.com :‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﻰ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻰ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺫﻳﻨﻔﻌﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﻰ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫‪ 2010‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 2015‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﻰ‪ ،‬ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻳﺴﻚﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻃﻰ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ‪ 18‬ﺩﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ‪ 19‬ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2010‬ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻃﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 700‬ﭘﺎﺳﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﻌﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻧﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺐ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻈﺮﺳﻨﺠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻋﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 80‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦﮔﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻻﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ؛‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺴﻚﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻓﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥﺳﺎﺯﻯ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﻨﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬ ‫‪ .5‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻏﺪﻏﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬ ‫‪ .6‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻴﺰﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫]‪http://ec.europa.eu/research/consul [..‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪nanoforum.org :‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﺭﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ )ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ »ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺭﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ« ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻧﻮﺭﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺩﻳﻮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﺭﺍﻓﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫)‪ (LED‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺖﮔﻴﺮﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺁﺗﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ‪ LED‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺢ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻮﺩﺁﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ‪ LEDs‬ﻭ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ‪ LED‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺮﻭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺭﻭﺳﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2008‬ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻣﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺶﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺘﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ )‪ (SU-HSE‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﻧﻘﺸﻪﺭﺍﻩ )‪(roadmap technique‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ‪ SU-HSE‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺗﻜﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺭﻭﻳﻜﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﻮﻧﻴﺪﻭ )ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬

‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﻣﻠﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ( ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻤﺒﺮﻳﺞ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ‪ ،LEDs‬ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪113‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ 9‬ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﺳﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻰ ‪http://‬‬ ‫‪www.rusnano.com/Section.aspx/‬‬ ‫‪ 27481/Show‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪www.rusnano.com :‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ‪ 58‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺘﻮﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺖ )‪ (marketsandmarkets‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻰ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ » ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺘﻮﻧﻴﻚﻫﺎ‪-‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ )‪(2009-2014‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ ﺁﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺘﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺍُﭘﺘﻮﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﻮﻧﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺘﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺘﻮﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2014‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 3/6‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺘﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻰ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ‬ ‫)‪ 100 (CAGR‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ 1/8‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ‪ 58‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2014‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﻣﺤﺮﻙ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺘﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 50‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺑﺨﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻛﺪﺍﻣﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺫﻳﻨﻔﻌﺎﻥ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ؛‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻛﺪﺍﻣﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ؛‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻘﺶﺁﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﻛﺪﺍﻣﻨﺪ؛‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺘﻰ ﻛﺪﺍﻣﻨﺪ؛ ﻧﻘﺶﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭼﻪ ﻛﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؛ ﺟﻬﺖﮔﻴﺮﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؛ ﻗﻮﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻓﺮﻭﺷﻰ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺪﺍﻣﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ‪ 4650‬ﺩﻻﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻰ ‪http://www.marketsandmarkets.‬‬ ‫‪com/Market-Reports/nanophotonics‬‬‫‪advanced-technologies-and-global‬‬‫‪ html.125-market‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪www.marketsandmarkets.com :‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ )ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ( ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺁﻛﺎﺩﻣﻰ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ )‪ (RAS‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫)‪ (CTT‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺎﺭﭼﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ‪ RAS‬ﺍﺟﺮﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ‪ RAS‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﻰ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻋﻴﻨﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻚﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺟﺬﺍﺑﻴﺖ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭژﻩﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﭼﻮﻥ‪ :‬ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺪﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻭ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﻛﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻧﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﻭﻧﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺸﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ‪ RAS‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻰ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﻧﺘﻔﺎﻋﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ‪ RAS‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﺟﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﻴﺼﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ‪65/4‬‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﺑﻞ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ‪ 34/94‬ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﺑﻞ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﺱﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪www.rusnano.com :‬‬

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‫ﻓﺮﺍﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺭﻳﺴﻚﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ‬ ‫)‪ (SCENIHR‬ﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﻦﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ ،SCENIHR‬ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ »ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ‪ 29‬ﻧﻮﺍﻣﺒﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2007‬ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺖ«‪.‬‬ ‫‪ SCENIHR‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﺍﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ )‪ (SCCS‬ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﻭﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ؛ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻃﺮﻑﻫﺎﻯ ﺫﻳﻨﻔﻊ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫‪http://ec.europa.eu/yourvoice/ipm/forms/dispatch?form=nanodefinition‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪ec.europa.eu :‬‬

‫ﺗﻼﺵ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺁژﺍﻧﺲ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫)‪ (NSTDA‬ﻭ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ‪ ،‬ﻳﺎﺩﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﻔﺎﻫﻢ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﻣﻀﺎ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﭙﺴﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﭘﺮﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻴﺮﻯﺭﻭگ ﺳﺎﻧﮓﺳﻴﻮﻳﻼﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻠﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫» ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺵ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪﺑﻨﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻯ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﺩﻯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ«‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻄﻔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ؛‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖﻫﺎ؛ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﻭﻥﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻜﻴﺖ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ‪ 5‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‪ 12‬ﺟﻮﻻﻯ ‪ 210‬ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ‪ 11‬ﺟﻮﻻﻯ ‪ 2015‬ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://www.nanotech-now.com :‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺭﺳﻤﻰ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬

‫ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻰ‪-‬ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ‪ IP Solutions‬ﺗﻮﻣﺎﺱ ﺭﻭﻳﺘﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻰ‪-‬ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺁﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺁﻳﺎ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺸﺎ ﺷﻜﻮﻓﺎﻳﻰ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ«؟ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻰ – ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﭘﺘﻨﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﭘﺘﻨﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 2003‬ﺗﺎ ‪ ،2009‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ‪2000‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎ ‪ ،2009‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﺁﻭﺭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺭﺍ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩﻫﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩﺍﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﺭﺷﺪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﺘﻨﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻋﻰ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻰ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﺮﺩﻯ‪ ،‬ﻃﻰ ‪ 7‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ‪ 103‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ‪ 181‬ﭘﺘﻨﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪2003‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ‪ 367‬ﭘﺘﻨﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻋﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺯﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻰ‪ -‬ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻧﻤﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﻣﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ :‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2000‬ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 2009‬ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ‪ 217‬ﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﮕﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ )‪ (2005-2009‬ﻣﺎﺭﻙﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ )‪-2004‬‬ ‫‪ 575 (2000‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪www.nanowerk.com :‬‬

‫ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻯ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ‬ ‫)‪ ، (INSCX exchange‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺭﺳﻤﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ INSCX‬ﺑﺎ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻋﺮﺿﻪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ‪ ،INSCX‬ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻋﺮﺿﻪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .1‬ﻋﺮﺿﻪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺮﺿﻪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ‪ INSCX Grade ECMS‬ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .2‬ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ‪ INSCX‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻻﻯ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ )‪Certified‬‬ ‫‪ (Good Quality‬ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .3‬ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻻﻻﻥ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪﮔﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .4‬ﺍﻋﻀﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻟﻪ ‪ INSCX‬ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﺵﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .5‬ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ‬ ‫‪ INSCX‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﺭﺍﻫﺒﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵﺩﻫﻰ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﺭﺳﻤﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻟﺖﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪www.nanowerk.com :‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰ ‪ DNA‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻰ ﺩﻟﻔﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻔﺮﻩﺍﻯ ﺧﺒﺮ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪﺍﻯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ‪ DNA‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺗﺎﺯﻩﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ‪ DNA‬ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻥ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰ ‪ ،DNA‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻯ ژﻧﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻭﻳﮋﻩﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺭﻗﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻚﻻﻳﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺗﻢ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻔﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﺸﺎء ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ‪ DNA‬ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ ‪ DNA‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻔﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻰ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ ‪ DNA‬ﺍﺯ ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻳﻮﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰﻳﺎﺑﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ‪ DNA‬ﺭﺍ ﺁﺷﻜﺎﺭﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ ‪ DNA‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺍﺻﻮﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰ ‪ DNA‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻗﺮﺍﺋﺖ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ ‪ Nano Letters‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://www.tudelft.nl :‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪﺍﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪ DNA‬ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻭﺍﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺑﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ )ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝ(‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﺭﻧﮓ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﺎﻥ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺯﺧﻢ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻭﺍﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﻭ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﻮﺩﻛﺎﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺯﺧﻢ ﺁﻣﻴﺨﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﺯﺍ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩﺑﻪﺧﻮﺩ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺧﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻫﺎﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺑﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﺯﺍﻱ ‪P.‬‬ ‫ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺸﺪﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻜﺲﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ aeruginosa‬ﻭ ‪ S. aureus‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺑﻲ ﺟﻨﻜﻴﻨﺰ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺑﺚ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﺯﺍ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻫﺎﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺯﺧﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﺷﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺿﺪﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮگ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻜﻴﻨﺰ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻲﺩﻫﺪ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﺯﺧﻢ ﻫﻮﺷﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻫﺎﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺑﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻛﭙﺴﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ ‪ JACS‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱﺯﺍ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺥﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻧﺘﻲﺑﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺯﺧﻢ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﺖ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻫﻢ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://www.nanowerk.com :‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻯ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﺑﺪﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﻯ )ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎً ﻣﺎﺳﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ( ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻰ ﻭ ﻛﺮﻡﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺮﻳﻦ ﻗﻮﭼﻰ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻠﻜﺎ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﺸﻰ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪".‬‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ‪ ،‬ﭼﺎﺷﻨﻰ ﺳﺎﻻﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻡﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻰ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ )ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺰﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﭼﺮﺑﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﺏ(‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ )ﺳﻮﺭﻓﺎﻛﺘﺎﻧﺖﻫﺎ( ﻳﺎ ﭘﺎﻙﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫)ﺩﺗﺮﺟﻨﺖﻫﺎ( ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻰ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭ ﻭ‬

‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻥﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ‪ -‬ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻳﺰ ﻣﺎﺳﻪ‪ -‬ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻗﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺯﺍﺩﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬ ‫ﺯﻭﺩﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﺪ‪" :‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺭﺳﺎﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺨﺸﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻳﻢ‪".‬‬ ‫"ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻰ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻰﺑﺨﺸﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

‫ﭼﭗ‪ :‬ﻳﻚ ﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﺍﻣﻮﻟﺴﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺧﻮﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻰﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺖ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺮﻡﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺿﺪﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪".‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://freshscience.org.au :‬‬

‫ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮژﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻳﺎﻧﮓ ﺷﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮژﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﺷﺷﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻟﺒﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻮﭼﻚﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻱﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﺎﻳﺺ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮﻛﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮژﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﻲﺳﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺣﻤﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮﻛﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﺏ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻛﺎﺷﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 60‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻭ ‪ 500‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮژﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻬﻢﻣﺘﺼﻞﺷﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮژﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺰﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﺰ ﭘﻼﺗﻴﻦ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﺳﺘﺎ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮﻛﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﺏ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻧﻲ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺷﺪﻩﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮژﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﭘﻴﺰﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ‪ 1/63‬ﻭﻟﺖ ﻭ ‪ 0/003‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻭﺍﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻴﻠﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺯﻳﺮﻛﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﺏ )‪ ، (PZT‬ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺷﮕﻒﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﭘﻴﺰﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺩﻣﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﺪ ﮔﺎﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖﺁﻣﻴﺰﻱ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻧﻜﺮﺩﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻯ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻴﺰﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻌﺪﻱ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ ‪ Nano Letters‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ‪ ،‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﭘﻴﺰﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://www.sciencedaily.com :‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮژﻧﺮﺍﺗﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺯﻳﺮﻛﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﺎﻧﺰﺍﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺁﻓﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺮ ﻭﻛﻠﻪ ﺯﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻦ ﻳﺎﻥ ژﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺭﻳﺒﻮﻧﻮﻛﻠﺌﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺷﺘﻪﺍﻱ ﻳﺎ ‪ - dsRNA‬ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﻲ ژﻥ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﭘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ژﻭ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵﺳﺎﺯﻱ ژﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺑﺎ ‪ dsRNA‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺵ ﭘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﺸﺮﻩﻛﺶﻫﺎ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵﺳﺎﺯﻱ ژﻥ ﺑﺎ ‪ dsRNA‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ‪RNA‬‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ )‪ ،(siRNA‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ ‪ RNA‬ﻳﺎ‬ ‫‪ RNAi‬ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻜﻪ ‪ RNAi‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪RNA‬‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺎﻡﺭﺳﺎﻥ ﻳﺎ ‪ mRNA‬ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ژﻥ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ژﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝﺵ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﻲ ژﻥ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﺯ ‪ RNAi‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵﺳﺎﺯﻱ ژﻥﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺳﺨﺖ )‪ (chitin‬ﻛﻪ ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺣﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ژﻭ ﮔﻔﺖ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ژﻥﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺳﻨﺘﺰﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺵ ﻛﺮﺩ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺸﻪ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺸﺮﻩﻛﺶ ﺑﻤﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﻴﺪﻩ ژﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫‪ dsRNA‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺁﺗﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ‪ dsRNA‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ‬ ‫ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ‪ dsRNA‬ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎً ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻰﺭﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪ .‬ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ژﻭ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ‪ dsRNA‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻊ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻮﺯﺍﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﻪﻫﺎ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺣﻞ ﻧﻤﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ ‪Insect‬‬ ‫‪ Molecular Biology‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://www.eurekalert.org :‬‬

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‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻻﻭﺭﻧﺲ ﺑﺮﻛﻠﻰ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﺮﻧﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺰﺭگﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺴﻜﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ‪ 4000‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ گ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻜ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫"ﺍﺛﺮ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﻮﻧﻴﻚ" ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺎﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ DNA‬ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ )‪ (NEMS‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻯ ‪ 100‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ "ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﺭﻯ"‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺕﻫﺎ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻄﻰ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪﺍﻯ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺷﻴﺎء ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻛﺸﻒ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﺏ ﻧﻮﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺟﻤﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﻓﻠﺰﺍﺕ‪ -‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝﻫﺎﻯ ‪ 810 nm‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪.1700 nm‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ "ﭘﻼﺳﻤﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ" ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ -‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻻﻭﺭﻧﺲ ﺑﺮﻛﻠﻰ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻯ ﺯﻳﺎﻧﮓ ژﺍﻧﮓ – ﻫﻢﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﻮﻧﻴﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻃﻼﻳﻰ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻪ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺩﻯﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻃﻮﻝﻣﻮﺝ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﻟﺨﻮﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻮﺗﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ‪ 1 mW‬ﻭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ‬ ‫‪ 810 nm‬ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﺎﺩﺳﺎﻋﺘﮕﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ ‪ 0/Hz3‬ﻣﻰﭼﺮﺧﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻭﻟﻰ ﻃﻮﻝﻣﻮﺝ ‪ 1700 nm‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﺎﻋﺘﮕﺮﺩ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ ‪ Nature Nanotechnology‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://physicsworld.com :‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺪﺍﻧﺎﻥ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺍﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻲ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ ‪ Ce,Tb :LaPO4‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﺒﺰ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺗﻮﻓﺴﻔﺎﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻻﻧﺘﺎﻧﻴﺪ )‪(LaPO4‬‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺩﻭپ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺎﻛﻲ ﻧﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﻧﮓﻫﺎﻱ‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ‪ LaPO4‬ﺩﻭپﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻮﻥﻫﺎﻱ ‪ +Tb3‬ﻭ‬ ‫‪ (Ce,Tb :LaPO4) +Ce3‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ‪ 70‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍ ً ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ‪ Ce,Tb :LaPO4‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺑﺮﭼﺴﺐﮔﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻳﻞﺷﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﺍﻱ‬

‫ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻰ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺰﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻱ ﻻﻭﺭﻧﺖ ﻭﻳﻮﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﺎﺭﻳﺲ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﻘﻼﺑﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻧﻴﻚ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺷﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻥﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻥﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺻﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺁﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻲ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ )‪ (CNTS‬ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻱ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺩﺭﺝ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ‬ ‫‪ 3/1‬ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻃﻮﻟﻰ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺷﺪﻩ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻠﺰﻱ ﻭ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﺩﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩﺍﻱ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻲ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺟﺎﺑﻪﺟﺎﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﻧﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻃﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ِ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﻮﺭﻱ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺝ ‪ 740‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ‪ Nd: YAG‬ﭘﻤﭗ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻃﺮﺣﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﺰﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩﺷﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ ‪ Applied Physics Letters‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://nanotechweb.org :‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻕ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﻔﺮﻕ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺗﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻫﻴﺴﺎﻥ ﻳﺎﻧﮓ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻧﮕﻴﻚ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻻﻧﺘﺎﻧﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻳﻚ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﻭ ﭘﻠﻲﻭﻧﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﺮﻭﻟﻴﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮﻫﺎﻱ ‪:LaPO4‬‬ ‫‪ Ce,Tb‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺘﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺐ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺴﻔﺮﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ‬

‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺮﻩ ﻭ ژﺍﭘﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺩﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰﻣﺘﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻰ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺘﺤﻴﺮﺍﻧﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻫﺒﺮﻯ ﺟﺎﻧﮓ‪ -‬ﻫﻴﻮﻥ ﺁﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﻧﮓ‬ ‫ﻫﻰ ﻫﺎﻧﮓ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺳﺎﻧﮓﻛﻴﻮﻥﻛﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ )‪ (CVD‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺭﻗﻪ ﻣﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻏﻠﺘﻚ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺎﻙ ﭘﺮﺱ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻭﺭﻗﻪ ﻣﺴﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﭼﻴﻨﮓ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻻﻳﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻏﻠﺘﻚﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ‪ -‬ﺍﺯ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﺗﻴﻠﻦ ﺗﺮﻓﺘﺎﻻﺕ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﺱ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﭘﻠﻤﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻓﻴﻠﻢ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻠﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﻩﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 30‬ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻳﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺗﻤﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻨﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻗﻠﻊ ﺍﻳﻨﺪﻳﻮﻡ )‪ (ITO‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻣﻰﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﻮﻧﻰ ﺷﻔﺎﻑﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍﻡﺗﺮ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﻯ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﻗﻠﻊ ﺍﻳﻨﺪﻳﻮﻡ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ ‪Nature‬‬ ‫‪ Nanotechnology‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://www.rsc.org :‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﻮﺭ ﭘﺨﺶﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﻳﻲ )‪ (PDPs‬ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﻧﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺒ ِﺰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺁﻝ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﺎﻧﮓ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕﺷﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻱ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ‬ ‫‪ .Mater. Chem‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://www.rsc.org :‬‬

‫ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺴﻔﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻻﻧﺘﺎﻧﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺸﮕﺮ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻯ ﺁﻟﻰ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻛﻮﻛﻤﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﺌﻮﻝ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳ ِﺮ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭ ﺁﻟﻰ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻰ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺍﻧﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻰ ﻣﺠﻤﺘﻊ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﺩﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻱ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪﺍﻯ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺁﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺫﺧﻴﺮﻩﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻥ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﺪﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺻﺪﻫﺎ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪ 1000‬ﺑﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻃﻼ )ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻧﺪﻩﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ( ﻭ ﻻﻳﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻚ‬ ‫)ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺴﺪﻭﺩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻧﻞﺯﻧﻨﺪﻩﻱ ﺑﺎﺭ(‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﺁﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻻﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪﺍﻯ ﺁﻟﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻰ ﻭ‬

‫)ﭼﭗ( ﻋﻜﺴﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪ ﺁﻟﻰ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ‪) .33 cm2‬ﺭﺍﺳﺖ(‬ ‫ﻃﺮﺣﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﻪﺍﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺰﻳﺴﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﻟﺲ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ ‪ 90‬ﻭﻟﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﺩ ﺩﺭﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻻﻳﻪ ﺗﻮﻧﻞﺯﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ‪ 10‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻃﻼﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪﻱ ﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﮔﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻧﻞ ﺑﺰﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻻﻳﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺭ‪،‬‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﻩ ‪ 4‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 5‬ﺣﻔﺮﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻣﻰﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺣﻔﺮﻩﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﻃﻼ ﻣﻰﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﻙ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻱ ‪Nano Letters‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://www.physorg.com :‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻛﻰﻛﺎﻏﺬ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﻰﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﺁﺗﺶ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺑﺎ ﺭﺯﻳﻦ ﭘﻠﻰ ﺁﻣﻴﺪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﻰﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺴﺖ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﺿﺪﺁﺗﺶ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎﻛﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺐﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻗﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﻰﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﭘﻠﻤﻴﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻰ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﻰﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺗﺎﺳﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﻰﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﭘﻠﻤﻴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ‬ ‫‪ Nanotechnology‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺘﻰ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﻰﻛﺎﻏﺬ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺘﻰ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖ ﭘﻠﻤﻴﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺁﺗﺶ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺑﻪﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻯ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎﻛﻰﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﺎﻛﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﺩﺭﻫﻢﺑﺎﻓﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩﺍﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎً ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻧﮓ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺘﻰ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺪﻩﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﻛﻰﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻚﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ِ‬ ‫ﺁﺗﺶ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺁﻣﻴﺪ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻛﺮﺑﻨﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﻰﻛﺎﻏﺬﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻮﻟﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﻨﺪﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻚﺟﺪﺍﺭﻩﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﺷﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻄﺢﺷﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﭙﺎﺭﭼﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮﺯﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻠﻰ ﺁﻣﻴﺪ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﺑﻦ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺟﺮﻗﻪ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰﺗﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺩﺑﻰ ﭘﺨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻯ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﭘﺨﺶ ﻛﻠﻰ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ‪ SEM‬ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ ﺑﺎﻗﻴﻤﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﺟﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻛﻰﻛﺎﻏﺬ‪/‬ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ‪.‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﻨﻤﺎﻳﻰ‪ 70 :‬ﻫﺰﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://www.nanowerk.com :‬‬

‫ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﺮﻳﻠﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﻴﺒﺮﻳﺪﻯ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩﻯ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﻧﻮﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﺎﻣ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻰ ﻛﻴﻮﺑﻴﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺳﭙﻴﻨﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻠﻮﺋﻴﺪﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺭﻳﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺳﺘﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺭﺍﻳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻰ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻰ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻮﺗﻮﻭﻟﺘﺎﺋﻴﻚ( ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻴﺒﺮﻳﺪﻯ ﻣﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﻯ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎﻯ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﻚﺑﻠﻮﻯ ﻭ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻫﺴﺘﻪﻯ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻰ "ﺟﻔﺖﺷﺪﮔﻰ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ" ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﭘﻼﺯﻣﻮﻥ )ﺍﺯ ﻫﺴﺘﻪ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ( ﻭ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻛﺴﺎﻳﺘﻮﻥ )ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪﻯ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ( ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺛﺮ ﺍﺷﺘﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﭘﺘﻴﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺎﺭﻧﺖ ﺩﺍﺑﻠﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪﻯ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﮔﻔﺖ‪:‬‬

‫"ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻓﻠﺰ‪-‬ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﺘﻦﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺟﻬﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﻔﺖ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺗﺎﺑﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻳﻊ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺁﻧﺘﻦ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺎﻃﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻔﺖﺷﺪﮔﻰ ﻧﻮﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻰ ﻫﻤﺪﻭﺱ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﮔﺴﻴﻠﻨﺪﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻭ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﻮﺍﻧﺘﻮﻣﻰ ﻣﻰﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪" .‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ ‪Nature‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://www.newsdesk.umd.edu :‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻢ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻚﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺪﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺴﻤﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻧﺨﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ‬ ‫"ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﻋﺠﺎﺏﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ" ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻮﻯ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺮﻗﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ‪ oC130‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﻢ ﻳﺎ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻗﻠﻢ )ﻧﻮﻙ( ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮپ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﺗﻤﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺪﻭ ﮔﻔﺖ‪" :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ‪ -‬ﻛﻪ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻰ ﺍﻧﻌﻄﺎﻑﭘﺬﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺳﺮﻗﻠﻢ ﺩﺍﻍ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺁﻝ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ‪ -‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺁﺗﻴﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﻭ ﻓﻠﺰﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺗﺮﻳﺲ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺁﺳﺎﻥﺗﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﺭﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﺭﺍﻳﻪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻗﻠﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﻍ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﻰ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭﺍﺷﻴﻨﮕﺘﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪" .‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﺰﺍ ﺭﻳﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﺮﺟﻴﺎﺗﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﻐﻮﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻋﺎﻳﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﺤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻯ ﻭﻳﻔﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻴﻠﻜﻮﻧﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺸﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻗﻠﻢ ﺩﺍﻍ ‪ AFM‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻠﻪﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﺭﻭﺑﺎﻥﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﻬﻨﺎﻯ ‪12‬‬ ‫‪ Science‬ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﻴﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊ‪http://nanotechweb.org :‬‬ ‫ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ ﮔﺮﺍﻓﻨﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻧﻮﻟﻴﺘﻮﮔﺮﺍﻓﻰ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ | ﺷﻬﺮﻳﻮﺭ ‪ | 1389‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ‪ | 6‬ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ‪155‬‬

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‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ‪www. nano. ir‬‬ ‫)ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ< ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ( ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‪ ،‬ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺳﻴﺒﺎﻯ‪) 0106167001005‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ‪ ، 6037991112331289‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻮﺩﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﺰﺩ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﻣﻠﻰ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﻴﺶ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻰ )ﻳﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺩﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯ(‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻴﻞ @‪newsletter‬‬ ‫‪nano.ir‬ﻳﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﺑﺮ ‪021-61002222‬ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻰ ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ _ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﭘﺴﺘﻰ ‪ 14565-344‬ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫* ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻛﭙﻰ ﻛﺎﺭﺕ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ )ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ(‬ ‫ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺁﺭﺷﻴﻮ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬ ‫‪021-61002212‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻋﺎﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﻯ *‬

‫ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ )ﺗﻮﻣﺎﻥ(‬

‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﻯ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﻰ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﻯ ﭘﺴﺖ ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﻰ‬ ‫‪10/000‬‬

‫‪17/000‬‬

‫‪20/000‬‬

‫‪34/000‬‬

‫‪5/000‬‬

‫‪12/000‬‬

‫‪10/000‬‬

‫‪24/000‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻔﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪﻳﻚ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻓﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻛﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺫﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻡ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻨﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﺎﻧﻮ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻡ‪....................................................................... :‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﮔﻰ‪................................................................... :‬‬

‫ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻼﺕ‪........................................................... :‬‬

‫ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻰ‪................................................................. :‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﻞ ﻛﺎﺭ )ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻞ(‪............................................ :‬‬

‫ﺷﻐﻞ‪................................................................................ :‬‬

‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ‪......................................................... :‬‬

‫ﭘﺴﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻚ‪.............................................................. :‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ‪.......................................................... :‬‬

‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ‪ /‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‪ :‬ﺩﻭﻟﺘﻰ‬

‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻰ‬

‫ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﻩ‪................................................................................................................................................... :‬‬

‫ﻛﺪ ﭘﺴﺘﻰ ﺩﻩ ﺭﻗﻤﻰ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺟﺎﺭﻯ‬

‫ﻗﺒ ً‬ ‫ﻼ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻡ‬

‫ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻡ‬

‫ﻳﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ...............................‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ ﻛﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ‪..................................................... :‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻡ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﻦ ‪ ............................................‬ﺑﺎ ﻛﺪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ‪ ............................................‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻰ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺴﺖ ﻋﺎﺩﻯ‬

‫ﺳﻔﺎﺭﺷﻰ‬

‫ﻫﺴﺘﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻰ ﺁﺭﺷﻴﻮ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ ‪ ..........................................‬ﻫﺴﺘﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺰ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ‪ 13 -- / -- / -- :‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﻜﻰ‪.............................. :‬‬