Question
Ashle Fauvre // 1
Can we enjoy beauty?
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+ cultural bias + hegemony (context dictates) + education : appreciation
* U.C. Berkeley 2000-2005 BA in both History of Art and Practice of Art Ashle Fauvre // 3
Does education truly correlate to the appreciation of art?
* Mexico City Education Abroad Program 2003-04 Field Research Project and coursework Ashle Fauvre // 4
Conclusions: + seems like no. + seems like one is born with it. + seems that it can be cultivated.
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Why should I make art?
seems wasteful Ashle Fauvre // 6
With a structure, if you fail to create a masterpiece, you have still created something useful.
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I refined my question.
* University of Washington 2007-2012 M.Arch Ashle Fauvre // 9
Is it possible to improve a person’s sensitiblity by embedding aesthetic experiences of space, light, and material into shared places of the built environment?
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I had no idea how to approach that one. So...
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I began to investigate relationships between water infrastructure and public space.
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I diagrammed the urban water cycle.
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I diagrammed greywater systems at the scale of the single house. Single Family Sand Filter: Greenlake Greywater Guerilla
Water from the shower is led to an open sand filter.
The sand filter functions as a vertically stacked bed of aggregates. The water moves downward from fine to coarse.
The surface of the water supports biological activity, involving a bacteriaremoving process.
Finally, the water is fed by gravity to the garden, where it infiltrates back into the water table.
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And how to choose greywater systems for different scales and demands. Greywater Recycling and Subsequent Processing
Open Sand Filter
n rc ce on ity io te an ectimun nect l wa n q re te nn m on oca c ol st ea ain coo co t ar m co t d
le yc
re ui
10s of people; a residence and a block
Greenhouse Ecosystem 10s-100s of people; a neighborhood
Constructed Wetland
Membrane Bioreactor
100s-10000s of people; a city
10s-1000s of people; a town
Centralized Treatment
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And how to apply a greywater system after a natural disaster. elements of former town salvageable buildings formerly returned to house visitors planned town agriculture considered as template for new irrigation canals
canal begins Taoping upstream at Interpretive Zentou creek Center
lliving canals purify greywater from Old Town
river edge planted and softened
purified water slowly streams constructed away into wetland Zagunao purifies River greywater from New Town
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A. road to Old Town for cars and walkers
1.3 m
rubble wall of recovered concrete or traditional stone
porous pavers CMU blocks set in compacted sand and gravel
reeds gravel
perforated PVC pipe
1m
.6 m
Taoping, Szechuan China Masterplan Studio, Seattle Ashle Fauvre // 17
And how greywater can be used for economic regeneration
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5 coarse filter
7 add pressure
6 holding and settling chamber
9 holding and settling chamber
4 wash 1 3 add pressure soften water
10 tidal wetland
2 holding tank
1 pump
0 city main
8 wash 2
11 infiltration
1. The machine
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This project combines the choreography of the programs and their aesthetic impact.
*Project took place in Mexico City
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I studied water infrastructure and its impact on public space in the pre-modern world proximity proximity to to source source
OASIS ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE
near near
FAR FAR
TANKER + JERRY
near near
FAR FAR
near near
FAR FAR
near near
FAR FAR
ACQUEDUCT ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE
STEPWELL
A A RR CC
H H II
TT EE CC
TT U U RR EE
CHINAMPA near near A A RR CC
H H II
TT EE CC
FAR FAR
location: location: Sahara Sahara Desert, Desert, North North Africa Africa time: time: measured measured in in days’ days’ journey journey quality: quality: passage. passage. aa place place in in aa condition condition of of emptiness emptiness actions: actions: restore, restore, trade, trade, rest, rest, plan, plan, carry carry
location: location: rural rural East East Africa, Africa, Delhi Delhi and and Mumbai, Mumbai, India India time: time: 20th-21st 20th-21st cc quality: quality: cost, cost, scarcity, scarcity, the the state state actions: actions: convey, convey, distribute, distribute, siphon, siphon, carry carry
location: location: Rome, Rome, Roman Roman Empire, Empire, Santa Santa BarBarbara, bara, California California time: time: 22 BC BC -- Present Present quality: quality: aa line line in in the the landscape, landscape, unwavering unwavering actions: actions: build, build, bring, bring, pour pour
location: location: Rajasthan, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Gujarat, India India time: time: 8th 8th -- 19th 19th cc quality: quality: stone stone mimics mimics textiles, textiles, which which soften soften stone stone actions: actions: cut cut stone, stone, carry carry water, water, bless, bless, watch, watch, drape drape
location: location: Rajasthan, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Gujarat, India India time: time: 8th 8th -- 19th 19th cc quality: quality: modular, modular, layered layered actions: actions: nest, nest, fill, fill, raft, raft, grow, grow, dip dip
TT U U RR EE
Analyzing the relationship between water infrastructure and architecture in various examples 106
107
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And today.
Diagram to understand the relationship between water infrastructure and spatial practice at the Elephant Car Wash, Seattle, WA
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I studied the role of public water infrastructure and public space at the Japanese public bath,
Figure 6. The sento is for everybody. Photo by Julie Baier
*Selected for Monbusho fellowship, an 18 month travel study award, 2010-2012 Ashle Fauvre // 24
Why? For hygiene? For community? For a haptic connection to the cosmos? Perhaps simply to ground the terrible day in familiar memory and ritual and comfort: to subdue chaos by staking out a small, safe territory. This was deeply moving to me, partially because I couldn’t imagine something analogous
its place in the neighborhood, happening in the United States as I have known it. Recognizing this difference caused my
research to transition from a preconceived assumption about our human relationship to public space that I was attempting to prove through a typological case study to an observation.
sta
3MACHI
ゆ
tion
4MACH
ゆ
ゆ
3MACHI ゆ
ゆ
5MAC
Sentos occur on the edges between neighborhood units. In the past, there was one sento per cho (before indoor plumbing, about 1980). This distribution suggests that each sento now serves adjacent cho.
Notes 1. Pallasmaa, Juhani. The Eyes of the Skin. John Wiley and Sons, 1996 2. Traphagan, John W., “Culture and Long-Term Care: The Bath as Social Service in Japan” Care Management Journals Vol 5, No 1 Sp 2004 53-60 Springer Publishing Company 2004 3. Matsutani, Akihiko. Shrinking Population Economics: Lessons from Japan. International House of Japan, 2006
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its urban form,
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
D.
C.
A.
outdoor bath
jet bath 2
hot bath with electric current
jet bath
cold plunge
Tsukasa Yu, Motomachi Station
B.
E.
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its role in disaster, extreme scale of destruction. The Sasakis take everyone in like stray cats. They also look after stray cats. They are robust, energetic folks in their prime. They are the hub of reconstruction activity for their town, and host many volunteers. They derive some support from providing for others, meeting new people, and staying busy, I think. Not only do they provide tired people with food and conviviality, they also offer their selfbuilt bathhouse. Before volunteers could come with frequency, they had the bath to draw out others in their village. They relied on very old traditions to reconstruct their social network.
Those seeking care receive a hand massage and the chance to talk about their worries.
The Nomadic Bath or Ashiyu The Ashiyu is a tactic that was developed by a small group of citizen-activists in Kobe after the 1995 Great Hanshin Earthquake for alleviating emotional stress after natural disaster.
“how can we communicate with the survivors? How can we show our emotional support?� At first they tried working alongside
The group originally asked,
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She was on her way out of town after the earthquake, since people in the region are well aware of the relationship between an offshore shiver and a colossal wave. But she turned back to get her mother-in-law, who cannot move quickly. Surmizing the situation, she took her mother upstairs, barred the door tight, sat, and waited. Then, water flooded under
door and through window, rising, rising, until Sasaki-san’s wife was pressed against the ceiling; until she was holding her breath, until she was thinking her last thoughts: this is it. But that was not it for her. The waters resided. The tsunami is not a single wave but rather several waves of slightly varying intensity. This time they say there were 5 big waves before night fell and they could no longer count, having found shelter or failed to do so. After the wave was sucked back out to sea, Sasaki-san’s wife pushed her way thro
Above. Nomadic foot bath gives surivors and homeless a chance to express what’s on their minds. Second Row. Left to Right. Heating the water. Preparing for a foot bath. Foot soak and hand massage. Cleaning up soup kitchen (help simultaneous with foot bath). Packing up the car. Below. The nomadic foot bath.
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and in disaster recovery.
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Sento means bathhouse.
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fire + water + shelter
A survivor’s bath, constructed from debris, using the most rudimentary spatial organization, and tapping water from a nearby creek, illustrates the continuing importance of the therapeutic bath. 28
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physical and emotional therapy and friendship. However, unlike the onsen, and unlike Tanizaki’s toilet, the sento is not a thing of beauty to look upon. Materials are chosen for their durability, decorations are limited and amateurish. Even the yukata offered at more expensive sento lack taste and quality. The sento instead offers a completely alternate social environment in combination with an unwavering set of rules. Everyone at the sento is positively contributing to a common good simply by following the rules. At any place where this accepted anomaly can be spatially marked out, people can
Figure 7. A still from the animated feature film Spirited Away, dir. Hayao Miyazaki. The film is set at an apparently abandoned sento, which we discover is actually inhabited by animistic spirits when night falls.
30
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washing,
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meeting,
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belonging,
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being.
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Therefore it is important in disaster recovery
Loosely binding land and sea. Site map.
*Thesis project 2012
0
100
250
500ft
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as a therapeutic architecture,
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athhouse views and section
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alongside the re-territorialization of destroyed commons
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8
and the establishment of regional economic vitality.
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Smokehouse view and sections
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Is it possible to improve a person’s sensiblity by embedding aesthetic experiences of space, light, and material into shared places of the built environment?
Ashle Fauvre // 43
What can the built environment do to positively impact people’s behavior?
*Gehl Architects 2012-2013
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Iterative design: measure, test, refine.
*Examples from cycling strategic plan for West London
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STRATEGY
TARGET INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS TO USER NEEDS... Choosing the infrastructure to invest in means choosing who feels invited to ride. Here we identify three levels of riders and illustrate the lanes that suit each.
TODAY’S CYCLIST (EG URBAN LIVING)
PRIMED TO SHIFT (EG YOUNG FAMILIES)
CSH STYLE
MOST VULNERABLE (CHILDREN AND ELDERLY)
TARGET
BEST
INFRASTRUCTURE QUALITY:
HIGHLY VISIBLE (BRANDING)
AD-HOC MANDATORY (SAFER)
CONSISTENT MANDATORY (SAFEST)
• • • • •
• • • • •
• • • • •
Minimum level of infrastructure we recommend. Should be effective in growing the existing demographics who cycle. Cycle Super-highway (CSH) quality of visibility and branding. Should be continuous. Special attention required on end-of-trip facilities.
CYCLING IN WEST LONDON
The target level for all cycling infrastructure nominated in this report. This standard will begin to encourage new cycling demographics. CSH quality branding on mandatory cycle lanes. Should be continuous between hubs. Special attention required on training and intersections.
This should be the long-term goal on selected significant routes. This standard allows for all demographics. Copenhagen-quality bike lanes, and beyond. Must be continuous. Will compromise other modes, so needs solid political grounding.
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Gehl Architects & SKM
Permeability between inside and outside
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Stanmore
CS
WL2 Wembley Central
Uxbridge
H1
13
Harrow-on-the-Hill
1
Wembley Park
WL3
RAF Northolt
CC
Hanger Lane
Park Royal
Willesden Junction
CSH 10
WL1 Kensal Green Ealing Broadway Southall
Shepherd’s Bush Pilot Route
WL4
Acton Town
Kensington Hammersmith
WL5 Heathrow Airport
CSH 09 Hounslow
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ARTISTS’ IMPRESSION
Soft edges to inhabit
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DESIGN
THE PERFECT PILOT The perfect pilot project introduces the benefits of cycling to the whole community, not just cyclists. It is also not perfect - the goal is to learn, to try things in 1:1 scale. Ultimately the perfect pilot helps us a imagine a new (and better) normal that improves the quality of life for everybody.
WELL LIT
Lights at the scale of cyclists, not cars.
CONVENIENT
Consider the whole journey.
PROTECTED
Clearly defined protected space for cyclists.
DIRECT
Take it past places where people want to go.
FOR ALL
Even if they don’t cycle.
TEMPORARY
news
We intend to learn from this, and understand we won’t get it right the first time.
WELL BRANDED
Polished implementation and clear rules creates better understanding.
EASY TO NAVIGATE
The Cycle Superhighways have done well in this regard.
GOOD FOR BUSINESS
Ensure opportunities are taken to upgrade conditions for businesses along the route.
MEASURED
Ensure that before and after data exists for a clear set of success criteria. Did it work?
VISIBLE AT INTERSECTIONS
Clear markings & priority signalling
The perfect pilot isn’t perfect - it elevates expectations and illustrates new thinking
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Invitations for active mobility
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STRATEGY
The West London Cycling Quality Checklist is designed to allow for easy evaluation of proposed cycling projects. It acknowledges the important role of addressing infrastructure as well as people’s fears and insecurities in creating a flourishing cycle culture in West London.
SAFE
THE CYCLING QUALITY CHECKLIST
PROVIDE PROTECTION ON ROUTE
ESTABLISH VISIBILITY AT INTERSECTIONS
DESIGN FOR SAFETY DAY & NIGHT
• •
• • •
• • •
•
Mandatory separation above 30mph. Clearly defined protected space for cyclists. Lanes running same direction as traffic.
Clear markings. Priority signalling. Priority waiting eg ‘bike box’.
Well lit (cyclists and bike lanes) At street level (avoid tunnels/overpass) Passive surveillance
It is accompanied to the right by reference examples from Europe and further afield.
CONFIDENT
% " :
ENCOURAGE SAFE CYCLING BEHAVIOUR
ENSURE CONSISTENT BRANDING
BUILD COMMUNITY AWARENESS
•
• • •
• • •
• •
Cyclist training, particularly by demographic (children, women etc). Car and lorry driver training. Certificate of Professional Competence (CPC) safer urban driver training.
Clearly marked routes. Well maintained. Simple Branding (eg Cycle Superhighways)
CONVENIENT
WEST LONDON
Temporary road closure (eg Cyclovia) Exemplary Pilot projects Communicate benefits of cycling for whole community, not just cyclists.
STATION
PLAN DIRECT ROUTES
CREATE A SIMPLE START & END
ENSURE EASY NAVIGATION
• •
•
•
•
Plan for most convenient bike routes Place infrastructure where people want to go (around hubs). Time traffic signalling for cycle speed (eg ‘Green Wave’ Copenhagen).
• •
Easy, secure bike parking, particularly at home and at hubs. Easy modal change (particularly between bike and PT). Ensure workplaces have End of Trip Facilities such as showers.
• •
Simple analogue and digital maps (one page). Place signage/mile markers. Build around/between hubs for easy recognition of direction.
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Visionary strategy tailored to the most salient issues raised in the project.
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ANALYSIS - PEOPLE PLACE AND PURPOSE
WHERE WILL INVESTMENT HAVE THE BIGGEST IMPACT? While we want to create a cycling network for all, it pays to understand where cycling investment would have the biggest impact. We have investigated this in three ways: for nodes, corridors and neighbourhoods.
11
*
Harrow
*
* * ** * * Wembley Central
Willesden Junction
10 0
Uxbridge
North Acton
Ealing g Broadway dway wa
Acton Town
*
Heathrow Very Likely to Cycle Likely to Cycle Somewhat Likely to Cycle
2000-2500 Cycleable Trips
Town Centre
Town Centre
CONCENTRATIONS OF CYCLEABLE TRIPS
Source: TfL MOSAIC Cycle Segmentation
Source: TfL Analysis of Cycling Potential
140
200,000 TRIPS 106
102
Offer the best numbers of potential trips, being typically less than 2 km.
Average
Use Index
85
Other Shopping and Leisure
30
Education Work
Hounslow
Hillingdon
Harrow
Hammersmith and Fulham
Ealing
Brent
Comfortable Maturity
Manual Trades
Hard Pressed Families
Suburban Lifestyle
Young Couples and Families
High Earning Professionals
Urban Living
CYCLING IN WEST LONDON West London Cycling Strategy.indd 12
Hounslow
CYCLING FOR ALL
Southall has a low demographic propensity to cycle but many cycleable trips. In the interest of creating a network for all, we propose including it as a potential cycling neighbourhood.
Gehl Architects & SKM
9/07/2013 3:32:57 PM
We have focussed on nodes, corridors and neighbourhoods.
NODES
CORRIDORS
CYCLING NEIGHBOURHOODS
Nodes have been identified at urban centres within cycling neighbourhood areas at important rail stations to encourage modal connectivity.
These corridors have been selected and ranked through a cost-benefit analysis by SKM. They link cycle hubs to one another and to surrounding residential areas with stakeholder input.
These regions provide the best context for a strong investment in cycling infrastructure in West London.
100,000 TRIPS 42
Hammersmith
WEST LONDON CYCLE HOTSPOTS & PROPOSED NODES
SHOPPING AND LEISURE
113
100
*
1000-1500 Cycleable Trips
PROPENSITY TO CYCLE BY DEMOGRAPHIC
9
Nodes are transport interchanges that are located in town centres. Corridors link these. Cycling neighbourhoods are regions we have identified that have both a high level of cycleable trips, and a high propensity to cycle - hotspots of demography and geography.
*
Nominated hubs - where tube stops, and town centres overlap in cycling neighbourhoods
Cycle Super Highway Primary West London Cycle Network Corridor Secondary Corridor
Overlap of demographic propensity to cycle and concentration of cycleable trips Town Centre
PAGE 13
Gehl Architects & SKM
West London Cycling Strategy.indd 13
9/07/2013 3:32:59 PM
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Strategic branding
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I want more of the kind of cyclists you see in Holland, going at a leisurely pace on often clunky steeds.
Stanmore
Boris Johnson, Mayor of London
CS
WL2 Wembley Central
Uxbridge
H1
13
Harrow-on-the-Hill
1
Wembley Park
WL3
RAF Northolt
CC
Hanger Lane
Park Royal
CSH 10
North Acton
Willesden Junction
WL1 Kensal Green Ealing Broadway Southall
Shepherd’s Bush Pilot Route
WL4
Acton Town
Kensington Hammersmith
WL5 Heathrow Airport
CSH 09 Hounslow
WEST LONDON CYCLE TUBE MAP WL1 CSH 09
CYCLING IN WEST LONDON
Pilot Route
Cycling Neighbourhood
West London Cycle Network [lighter line weight indicates connecting routes]
Best Investment for Mini Holland Copenhagen
Barclays Cycle Superhighway
Network Node (key interchange point)
Cycle Crossrail
Network Transfer Point
Ashle Fauvre // 56 Gehl Architects & SKM
Can we enjoy beauty?
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NBBJ: + Delivers impactful formal work across a variety of program types, with special emphasis on sports facilities. - Could benefit from context-specific analysis of how to act as a catalyst for local urban life, to create destinations and neighborhood resilience. Ashle Fauvre // 58