3. Gaps In Csos And Partner Support To Wpp

7� KEY POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS

FAWE should consider the following work areas as it implements the WPP project in Tanzania.

i. The 50/50 threshold agreed by the SADC Heads of State in the SADC Protocol on Gender and Development in 2008 and the African Union Gender Policy on the 50/50 Gender Parity Principle and the CEDAW requirement to protect, promote and fulfill women’s rights has not been fully implemented. FAWE could work with other like-minded CSOs in the Country, including SAHRiNGON, TAMWA, TGNP Mtandao, FORDIA, Leadership Forum, TAHURIFO, ZLS, WLAC, YPC, LHRC, Policy Forum, MPI, ACCORD, HakiMadini, LEAT, WAMA, WiLDAF, and TANLAP to hold the Tanzanian Executive and Legislature accountable to implement the 50/50 gender principle.

ii. Work with NEC and other CSOs, especially TWPG and its equivalent in Zanzibar Association of Women Members of the House of Representatives, to provide voter and civic education mainly directed at women to bolster their understanding of processes and regulations pre, during and postelection. FAWE should find mechanisms to educate WPP stakeholders on using the internet to enhance WPP.

iii. Political parties are pathways to WPP, and women need to have a great voice that will facilitate and influence socio-cultural factors within communities that hinder their effective participation in politics. Engage with political parties’ leadership and the Registrar of political parties to activate the women leagues within political parties. The creation of the women leagues ensures that more women are included in the institutional arrangements to enhance their political participation in party structures and eventually into an endorsement for a constituency or ward-based seats.

iv. Engage with Women Parliamentary Caucuses, the TPWG and the Association of Women Members of the House of Representatives in Zanzibar to propose an amendment to the law to enable women on special seats and to get considered for positions chairpersons of parliamentary committees.

v. Work with and involve the media in promoting a culture of gender equality that combats gender-based stereotypes women continue to face by adopting: awareness-raising initiatives in the media to address prevailing gender-based social stereotypes; and education strategies around women’s human rights women’s role in public and political life.

vi. Engage with the electoral management body and other organizations promoting the rights of PWDS to consider a review of the legal and policy framework that would promote affirmative action for PWDs with a focus on women with disabilities to engage fully and participate in politics as voters as well as candidates. There should be a by-law under the Act in the form of regulation or rules to regulate how PWDs should efficiently and effectively engage in politics and hold political posts. Those already in political positions should be taken to an induction course to execute their duties duly.

vii. FAWE should take advantage of its regional role to advocate for Tanzania to ratify and domesticate the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG).20

20 Countries that have ratified the charter are Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Togo and Zambia.

NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS (TANZANIA MAINLAND AND ZANZIBAR)

1. The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania of 1977 as amended [Cap. 2 R.E. 2002] 2. The National Elections Act [Cap. 343 R.E. 2015] 3. Local Government (District Authorities) Act (CAP 287 R.E 2002), 4. Local Authorities (Elections) Act 2015 5. Political Parties Act 1992 (Cap 258) (amendments up to 2019) 6. The Election Expenses Act (CAP 292 R.E 2015) 7. The Criminal Procedure Act, Cap 20 RE 2019 8. The 1984 Constitution of Zanzibar (2010 version) 9. The Local Government Authorities (Elections) Act [Cap. 292 R.E. 2015] 10. The National Elections (Presidential and Parliamentary Elections) Regulations G.N. No. 402 of 2020 11. The Local Authorities (Councilors' Elections) Regulations, G.N. No. 401 of 2020 12. The Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania (Constituencies and Polling Districts) Notice, 2020; G.N. No. 599 published on 31/7/2020 13. National Elections Regulations, 2020 (Cap. 343) (amendments up to 2020). 14. Penal Code, Cap. 16.

REGIONAL & INTERNATIONAL LAWS

1. African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance of 2007. 2. African Charter on Human and People's Rights of 1984. 3. AU Declaration of Principles Governing Democratic Elections in Africa of 2002. 4. Convention of the Political Rights of Women’ (CPRW) of 1952. 5. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)of 6. 1979. 7. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) of 2006. 8. International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 9. (ICERD) of 1966. 10. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 1966. 11. SADC Principles and Guidelines Governing Democratic Elections of 2004. 12. Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.

REFERENCES

[1]. Peter, C. M. (Undated) ‘Recent Development in Zanzibar: From Muafaka to Maridhiano and the Government of National Unity in Peter, C.M and Sikand, I (eds), at page 212.

[2]. REDET (2001) Civics: A Tanzanian Reader: L&D Limited, Dar es Salaam.

[3]. Restless Development, ‘Youth Voices in the Tanzania Election.’ Accessed on 20th January 2021 from: http://restlessdevelopment.org/news/2015/10/22/youthvoices-inthe-tanzania-election.

[4]. Reynolds, A., et al.(2005) Electoral System Design: The New International IDEA Handbook. International IDEA: Stockholm.

[5]. Schmitt, H. (2005) Meaningful Choices: Under which Conditions do General Elections provide a Meaningful Choice Set, and what happens if they don’t? MZES, University of Mannheim: Germany. [6]. UNDP (2013) Democratic Empowerment Project (DEP) of 2013-2016. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

[7]. UNDP (2013) Democratic Empowerment Project (DEP) -January 2013 - June 2016. 317

[8]. URT, Maadalizi ya Uchaguzi wa Serikali za Mitaa. Accessed on 10th February ,2021 from: http://www.pmoralg.go.tz/noticeboard/tangazo-1021-20141128-Maandalizi- Uchaguzi-wa-Serikali-za-Mitaa-Waridhisha/

[9]. Wallach, D. et al.(2003) Analysis of an Electronic Voting System. Accessed on 30th January 2021 from: http://www.c4i.org/diebold-vote.pdf