ARCHITECTURAL PORTFOLIO
Frano Ba탑alo
MANNERS UNDERGROUND
site analysis
This project is an underground station at Manners Mall. It is one station of a series to service the Wellington CBD with a proposed light rail transit system.
north bound traffic south bound traffic
The design was based on tracking the movements and paths of people and traffic on the site. These paths were translated to a network of structure to bridge the cut-and-cover trench for the train. With traffic removed from street level, the undulating surface creates an urban landscape for pedestrians.
site analysis pedestrian site study
proposed scheme
As part of the project, light, heat and acoustic studies were undertaken to assess these qualitative performances and how they add to the overall design.
in-bound line out-bound line
This project was featured in the 2011 Victoria Annual Graduate Magazine. manners north entry/exit
ticketing
south-bound north-bound
Thermal + Lighting Performance. Target Acoustic Range
Key
50 dB A
55 dB A
60 dB A
65 dB A
Ticketing Kiosk
AS/NZS.2107:2000 states that a ticketing area should not exceed 55 dBa. To reduce excess levels of noise and reverberation, the ticketing booth has been partitioned off and located above the platform.
Platform.
65 dBa is the low end of noise pollution from a light rail train This means that the platform can not be below this while a train is present.
Suspended Walkway
Helps absorb sound, reducing reverberation times.
Toilets.
Closed off from the sources of noise pollution so is capable of maintain The standards of 55dBA outlined by AS/NZS.2107:2000.
Multipurpose Space.
Partially closed off from the main platform to provide an area with slightly more comfortable acoustic levels of 60dBA without closing off the whole space. The indented variations in form work help reduce reverberation.
Grade 0 millimeters - Roof Structure victoria st. entry/exit concrete foot path surface steel beams glass skylights
Sub 500 millimeters - Suspension Members entry/exit ramps Steel I beams w. concrete finish Pin joint to suspended walkway from roof structure. See Detail One for more information
Sub 3500 millimeters. Suspended walkway Ticketing Kiosk Suspended Walkway
Sub 5000 millimeters. Final descending ramp to platform
Sub 6000 millimeters. Toilets found at both ends Bench seats
Sub 7000 millimeters. North-bound line South Bound Line
NZ SCHOOL OF MUSIC
The project is based on a study into Moirè patterns. In physics, a moirè pattern is an interference pattern created, for example when too grids are overlaid at an angle. A double layered facade is used in this project to produce this dynamic effect visually provoking these parallels for the inhabitants.
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This project unites the parallels between music and architecture. It aims to produce a dynamic architectural experience, stimulating our sensibility in a way which is more responsive and more representative of music. This is explored through the mathematic parallels between the two art forms; layering, adding, subtracting, rhythm, space, texture and parameters. zne
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1:50 Structural Model
NZ EARTHQUAKE MUSEUM Earthquakes are an inevitable process of energy release, constantly reforming the fragile surface we live on. These sudden moments in time help form our history through modification, destruction and devastation. There are usually three stages resulting from the impact of an earthquake, which are symbolically represented through the three seismically separated buildings (allowing the building to “rupture” and “subduct”). The first stage is the initial event, expressing a sense of shock and uneasiness through entering the building. The second building houses the permanent exhibitions and portrays the subsequent realisation of the devastation from the major events, while the third building leads onto recovery and regeneration of the destruction caused by these events. The devastation of earthquakes is usually caused by failure of human interventions. The structure of the building thereby has looked to nature for influence, such as the Euplectella aspergillum (cylindrical sponge) which generates and organises a complex network of spicules that support its structure. The language of the building is generated by uniting the harsh earthquake-influenced, angled structural frames with an organic twist inspired by how nature scripts itself to produce a customised structure in order to survive.
1:100 Structural Model
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CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS
NZ EARTHQUAKE MUSEUM As part of the New Zealand Earthquake Museum project, a full set of construction drawings were required. Feature here is a small selection of drawings varying in scale and detail. Many of the specific elements detailed were related the connections between the seismically separated buildings. This included bridges, expansion joints, the glass canopy and the base isolators.
TOP TUNING Redevelopment concept for under-utilised department store in central M端nchen. The Concept involved the addition of accommodation modules to the existing structure. These student housing facilities are encapsulated within an undulating canopy roof structure. The roof structure is specifically designed to control and enhance the environmental conditions. The modular units are self supporting and loaded onto the existing structure. Small modifications are made to the existing structural framework with strengthened columns to support the new loads and a false floor to encase the services for each of the modules.
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Cut to Form This project creates an expanding form from a 2D surface. The final design was derived from extensive experimentation and analysis of surfaces after various cuts, scores and folds are created. The forms generated are consequential to the applied forces after calculated weakening of the material. This portable roof structure can be transported to site as one sheet of fabric and expanded into a 3Dimensional form simply through an applied force to its nucleus. The size and shape of the cuts combined with a directional force dictates the form the roof takes. Laminated sailcloth provides the properties required at a 1:1 scale to replicate the forms achieved in a the scale models. Canvas permits the fluid response required to extrude the form while the canvas weave provides enough resistance to hold the desired form when tension is applied. The cutting pattern is parametrically generated so any variations of forms are possible.
tension
laminated sailcloth stitching encasing the base ring to the membrane steel tube base ring
force applied to small ring
Voronoi Decay Voronoi Decay withdrew ephemeral elements from a site to create form through digital distortion of the data. Processes included digitally decaying elements from the site through the manipulation of their binary code. This process was used to alter these ephemeral moments before feeding them into a digital algorithm to generate form and structure on the site. Each moment formed the loci of a voronoi cell which represented an area of program. These cells then underwent a further series of manipulation and decay, blurring the boundaries of each cell representing an overlap in program. These abstracted areas were used to generate internal forms and a structural system using parametric definitions to interpret this data. The project resulted in an experimental solution opening up research areas of generative design which I expand on in my thesis.
programmed unprogrammed cellscells
concrete shell
office space office space
shared space shared space
steel reinforcing
gallery space gallery space membrane supermarket supermarket
mesh partition
upper floors
first floor
ground level
level two
level three
level four
level five
PINEHAVEN KIT-SET ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS Pineahven Garden Products is an NZ based, modular timber building company. Their products required clear, simple and detailed instruction manuals for their whole product range which branches from garden structures to the standard Kiwi shed, through to lined outdoor sleep-outs and studios. As well as descriptive text, clear diagrams are key for the customer to understand the assembly process. Component and exploded drawings serve as the key elements and are often accompanied by details for the more precise processes.
Surrey Pergola Packing Checklist Customer: Date:
SURREY PERGOLA
PINEHAVEN GAZEBO
Reference:
ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
Assembly Instructions
Description For Small, Large & Octagonal Quantity Models Curved Arches (1700mm wide)
4
Beams (1600mm)
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100x100 posts (2300mm +)
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1010x1550 trellis sides
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75mm galv screws
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50mm galv screws
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Manufactured by: Packed by: Packing Date:
PINEHAVEN SURREY PERGOLA
GARDEN PRODUCTS
ASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
www.pinehavensheds.co.nz
WALL PANEL ASSEMBLY
ROOF ASSEMBLY
WALL PANELS
Fig.11
Stand two wall panels noting each panel has a ‘fillet’ down the left side. Join a fillet with a ‘non fillet side’. (See Fig 8). Ensure the walls are flush and fasten with 4 x 50mm screws through the angled drill holes in the corner fillet. Fig.6
Repeat the process until all panels are fixed together.
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FIXING WALLS
Fig.8
Fig.7
Fig.9
Fig.10
Fig.12
Align the wall panels on the base plate ensuring the opening is located in the desired position. Each panel should be fastened with 3 x 75mm screws; one in each corner, and one in the centre of each panel. (See Fig 9). The screws should be located through the rebate “channel” on the base of each panel. (See Fig 10).
Re-check the wall measurements by ensuring the distance from corner to opposite corner is equal. A skewed form will lead to issues when assembling the roof.
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ROOF FRAME 13
Note: each under 12 roof member has pre-drilled holes on the ‘chisel11end’. Working at ground level, align four under roof members to the spindle where marked. Fix using 4 x 50mm screws. Using a step ladder positioned inside the walls, lift the under roof assembly into position. Each alumini10 um bracket of the roof member should be aligned with a “wall fillet”. Fasten 9 8 the roof member through the aluminium brackets down onto the top of the wall ‘fillet’ using 4 x 25mm screws provided. Fix the remaining roof members, screwing into the spindle first and then the aluminium bracket into the ‘fillet’. 6
ROOF5 PANELS
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100 x 100 post
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100 x 100 post
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1010mm x 1550mm trellis side
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100 x 100 post
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100 x 100 post
Carefully position the cedar roof panels on the under roof frame. (See Fig 14). The bottom edge of the pine slat brace (on the inside centre of 4 each roof panel) should just touch the top of the wall panel. (See Fig 13). The outer edges of each roof panel at its 1widest point should all be touching. The Fig.14 panels should be correctly aligned with the spindle. Check that the line of the cedar weatherboards is aligned across all 200 x 50 curved arches 1010mm x 1550mm trellis side 6 11 panels. 12 200 x 50 curved arches 7 100 x 50 beam Fasten the roof panel to the top of the wall 200 x 50 curved arches 8 100 x 50 beam panel using 2 x 50mm13screws through the 200 xprocess 50 curvedfor arches 9 100 x 50 beam 14 this pre-drilled holes. Repeat all roof panels. (See Fig 14). 10 100 x 50 beam
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PINEHAVEN SHEDS
PINEHAVEN STUDIO
Assembly Instructions
Assembly Instructions
FOR LEAN-TO SHEDS
PINEHAVEN LAMBTON STUDIO
GARDEN PRODUCTS
www.pinehavensheds.co.nz
FIXING TO TIMBER FLOOR PURLIN WEDGES
Cross Section of Back Wall
on the sizescrewed of your shed, 3-5 centralise timber purlin WhenDepending all panels have been together, the wall assembly onWedge wedges arefixing included in your kitset. Space the wedges the floor. Before into position with the 75mm screws (two per panel) run evenly across the top the back of wall pictured a bead of sealant around theofperimeter theasshed floor.in Back Wall Fig 9. Using 2x clouts per wedge, attach down onto the Cross Section of end Wall GABLE TRUSS top ofEND the back wall panel so as the angle is consistent Fig 8. Fig. 14 Truss with the pitch. Run awith bead ofroof sealant along the bottom edge of each Cladding on gable end truss and position on top of the wall assemblies. The truss should butt to the corner boards. corner wedge board Fix into position using four 75mm screws for each wall 20mm panel. (See Fig 14).
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Depending on the model, there are three or four purlins in the shed kit. Position one purlin on the back edge so it is sitting on the angled wedges. Position one on the front edge and centre the third (and fourth) in between. Fix with the 60mm nails provided. Ensure the purlins are alligned as the roof fascia boards will be fixed to the ends of this assembly. centre beam
purlin
corner board
End Wall
75mm
top door stop
TOP DOOR STOP
Fig 9.
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Fig 11.
Position the top door stop (760mm long x 50mm x 50mm) into position flush with the inside edge of the top plate using two 38mm screws provided. A snug fit will give accurate positioning of the door assembly.
Fig. 15
ROOF BEAM
For the lean-to sheds 1500mm deep, centre roof beams are required. (Tasman x 1, Richmond x 2, Lyell x 3). Attach the beam to the rear wall from the inside of the shed using 2x 75mm screws. Complete fixing with 1x 75mm through the door stop as pictured in Fig 11.
Fig. 16 The shed kit has four corner boards. Run a bead of CENTRE TRUSSES sealant along the internal edge the top fourplates exposed Place the centre trusses between theofside corners of the shed. (Fig 10). and at an equal distance. These will sit to the side of the join “wall panelboards assembly.” Fig. 15nails + Fix in thethe four corner using(See the 60mm 16). provided. Fix through theFig top9). plate from the outside using (See one 75mm eachboard end offits the truss. Ensurescrew each on corner snug to the side top plate on the upper edge.
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fascia board
FASCIA BOARDS
Position the fasica boards approximately 10mm above the purlins. Fix into position using 1x 50mm nail per purlin. (See Fig 11).
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Fig 4.
panels are clad in rearPINEHAVEN panels are frames.KIT-SET STUDIO walls panels sit inside Small Buildings were looking to add contemporary ReferPinehaven to schematic floor models modular product range. The market called for a panels in to thetheir correct mono-pitch roof. schematically on the
Position the top door stop (760mm long x 50mm x 50m with the inside edge of the top plate using two 38mm sc fit will give accurate positioning of the door assembly.
Note: If you have ordered double doors, your door stop x 1520mm long.
It was important the designs maintained specific production and assembly constraints for ease of fabrication within the existing Pinehaven l four equally framework spaced and factory processes. Some of these constraints included available materials, kitset transportation one side of the panel restricted to a standard flat deck ute, single man delivery, ease of assembly and NZ building regulations.
Fix the hinges to the door. Position the two door hinges t and fasten using the 38mm screws provided.
and are sold nationwide through the chain hardware stores.
Fasten the hinges to the door frame wall panel using the
s through the bottom of two designs range ationThese to fix to the floor. are now featured in the Pinehaven Fig 5.
Position the door to the wall panel ensuring adequate top for opening and closing.
down one side edge of Hint: Fix one screw to each of the hinges and check the c wingThe to products the adjacent also require a set of assembly instructions so FLY the RAFTER the remaining screws. customers assembly the kitset on site with basic handyman m screws intocan each of Once the purlins are fixed, you can attatch the ‘Fly Rafter’ to the underside of tools. the overhanging purlins. The outside edge should be flush with the end of the gn the first panel with purlins. Fix with 1x 75mm screw / purlin. g firmly screw the two Clamp’ will assist but is Position the pad bolt and hasp and fix with the 38mm sc : t e If you have selected a locking handle in your shed kit, you s
pre-drilled holes. Position and fix with the screws provide
r ll e . r t e e e u r
We recommend all nail holes are stopped with a putty or stain or paint, preferably in light colours for protection and from the shed. An oil based stain or a water based pain
The life of your shed will be extended by re-applying stain time to time and occasional washing of the roof and clea debris.
Fig 6.
Fig 12.
FLY WALLS
The kit contains two framed trellis panels. The flat panel will be fixed to the rear of the shed to support the purlin. Fasten using 2x 75mm screws at the top and bottom, and a further 3x screws into the wall panel. Repeat this process for the angled trellis panel however fix to the rafter instead. Hint: The trellis panels should both sit on top of the extended joists.
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Pinehaven Contemporary Shed
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PLY ROO
RAFTERS The 5x 100x50 roof beams have been cut to length and pre-mitred. Beams 1 + 5 need to be positioned flush the top edge of the CONCRETE PAD:against optional side angled wall frames. The of the beam should should Construction formwork to allowtop a base size which be sit 5mm less than with floor the dimension top of the iswall the floor dimension on each flush side. The outlined in the in Fig 15. “Pinehaven schematic floor frame plan”. as Thisshown will ensure that the shed will “overhang” the pad by approximately 5mm around the shed perimeter. The concrete pad should be at least 100mm deep and Predrill the beams andreinforced attach with steel mesh. to the side wall panels using Note: Do not fix the shed to the pad3x untilhex-screws. the concrete has cured for at least the Evenly six days. space along the beam with
one at each end and one in the centre. Be sure to fully connect with the wall frame.
WALL PANELS
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SOFFIT BATTENS 1
You may choose to batten the soffit. Run a bead of silicone along the joint before attaching the precut soffit battens to the inner edge flush against the walls as illustrated in Fig. 26. There are 4x battens, one for each side of Fig.13 the shed. Fix using evenly spaced panel as a guide. 25mm clouts.
Slot each beam into position using the slot in the front wall Fix from the back first. Measure the spacing to ensure the beams are fixed evenly. From the back, fix two above. 75mm 3x screws Your kit will include the pre-clad wall components as illustrated rear on either side of the beam into the2x back panel angle. wall panels, 4x angled side panels frontwall panels andon 1xalintel panel. 8
RAFTERS
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7
Position the ply s must be fixed on t beams. It is best to sheets remain ‘sq (optional)bottom, however i sheets on the top
Pinehaven Contemporary Studio
The 5x 100x50 roof beams 4 have been cut to length and BATTENS 3 pre-mitred. Beams 1 + 5 Once the soffit has been attached, the wall battens 2can be attached to need to be positioned flush joints in the wall cladding as seen in Figure 27. 1 against the top edge of the side angled wall frames. TheAttach using 3x 75mm nails in each batten. Be sure to push the top of the soffit topFig.14 of the beam should sitflush against the Fig.15 flush with the top of the wall frame as shown in Fig 15.
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Predrill therear, beams Once the beams are attatched on the fix onand theattach front with 2x 75mm to directly the sidethrough wall panels using screws per beam by screwing the stud. (Fig 17).
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the 3x hex-screws. Evenly space along the beam with one at each end and one in 3 the centre. Be sure to fully connect with the wall frame.
Please note: Befor Fig.13 the beams. Nail a Fix down with 60m Slot each beam into position using the slot in the front wall panel as a guide. top of the wall fram Fig.6 Fix from to ensure the beams are fixed Fig.17 Fig.16the back first. Measure the spacing evenly. From the back, fix two 75mm screws on either side of the beam into the back wall panel on a angle.
Fig.14
Fig.15
Note the lintel panel will be installed after the ranch slider has been fitted. Note: If your studio contains an optional colour steel front wall (min orb ) cladding, you have elected have fix special corner boxwith flashings, you will notice the Once the beamsand/or are attatched on thetorear, on the front 2x 75mm outside edge of the cladding on the corner panels have not been nailed off. Ensure screws per beam by panels screwing directlysothrough the stud. (Fig 17). these are arranged the edge which has not been nailed off is in the correct position and refer to special instructions ‘corner box flashings’.
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Fig.17
7 Pinehaven Contemporary Studio
JIG-SAW TOWER This project proposes a modular mid-rise tower in central Munich. The tower is to house small self contained apartments aimed to assist the lack of student housing in Munich. This experimental project aimed to explore the possibilities of modular and prefabrication techniques using emerging technologies. Being of timber construction, Japanese joinery served as the main source of inspiration. The project was based on interlocking modules which formed both the conceptual and constructional methods. As one module is added, it locks in the modules below and so on. Like-wise, each of the modules are constructed from smaller prefabricated panels which interlock together. The project was largely developed through modelling as an intricate system of interlocking panels was developed. Physical modelling was necessary to resolve structural integrity, fabrication techniques and also a method of construction. As the tower was to be fitted in-between two existing buildings, and constrained by the articulation of a crane, the modules could only be added from the top which largely constricted the way in which each module can lock the next. The project models, 1:250 site model, 1:50 full modular tower + 1:20 detail module are housed in the Technical University of Munich’s Permanent collection and the project was featured on the front cover of the 2012/13 Winter Semester book.
1:50 Model
1:250 Site Model
1:20 Model
Street Level Render
Dynamic Routing This section of research was undertaken as part of my thesis at VUW. It utilises real time data and algorithmic processes to re-route public transport in Wellington. Our current public transport system is rigid and unable to adapt to change while maintaining a feasible service. This research shows how the shortest path algorithm can be used define an adaptable public transport framework. Zones are created with a voronoi structure by the number of patrons registering use. These zones are then used to define pick-up points best suited to the patrons using the system at any one time. The algorithm is then capable of calculating the most efficient routes, catering to the exact needs of the patrons using the system at any one time,all while operating under the same resources as the current system. To supplement the algorithmic framework, an app was developed for commuters to register their desire for public transport. The framework offers a customisable service best suited to the end user with intelligent and dynamic direction of resources.
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Wellington Airport Wellington Railway Station
Pick UP
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WELLINGTON SOUTHERN TRANSPORT HUB As part of my Thesis research, the Wellington Southern Transport hub served as an early experimental body to test algorithmic processes within early stage architectural design. An adaptable public transport framework was proposed for central Wellington requiring a new Southern Transport Hub to facilitate these services. Using this brief, generative modelling and planning process were explored to developed tools for early stage architectural design. The project focused on generative modelling techniques and automating the dispersion of programme within a volume using voronoi principles combined with a culling system. Based on the required programme and established programmatic relationships, internal spaces are established and internal pathways are defined.
eastern section 1:50
PARAMETRIC TRANSPORT CANOPY These parametric canopies were developed in conjunction with my thesis research. Focusing on early stage design, these canopies are designed to supplement a proposed Wellington Public Transport network. This fully automated script defines an output based on several limited inputs. A three dimensional site is described and a simple boundary curve is defined. The script defines an output based on the number of patrons using the transport system and the facilities required to support the network. Using a series of developed algorithms such as space syntax, live physics engines, structural analysis, metaballs and voronoi processes, each shelter is fully defined down to building components within a click of one button. A range of outputs are featured with varying parameters to demonstrate the flexibility of the algorithm.
CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS TRANSPORT CANOPY
As a development of the parametric transport canopy, a set of construction drawings were required to supplement the design and express building details. Several areas were focused on to ensure the buildability of the flexible structures. The column footing and tension rings are defined while a modular glazing system is created to cope with the unpredictability of roof angles with standard glazing elements.
ALGORITHMIC FORM FINDING As part of my thesis research, I developed an algorithmic tool for early stage architectural design. Beginning with a simple excel spread sheet, architectural programme is fully defined from room size to programmatic relationships and adjacencies. Using a wide range of algorithmic theories such as space syntax, graph theories, voronoi, metaballs, through to physics engines, a building envelope is simultaneous formed as the spread sheet is updated. To reunite the designer with the algorithmic output, an interactive stage is included to tweak the output while maintaining all programmed relationships.
WELLINGTON AIRPORT INTERCHANGE An exploration of the algorithmic design tool developed for my masters thesis. This project was used to explore the usability and effectiveness of the early stage design tool developed in my thesis. Follow the public transport brief, this project proposes an interchange for Wellington Airport. Using the algorithmic tool, this hub was fully defined including within a one hour time limit. The architectural programme and boundaries were defined and this was the output. The aim was not to detail a fully functioning piece of architectural but to test the extents of the algorithm within an early stage design frame work. The proposal includes an optimised programme layout, a sculptural form, a structural system and modular cladding.
WELLINGTON FERRY TERMINAL An exploration of the algorithmic design tool developed for my masters thesis. The project defines a ferry terminal to link all modes of transport in the Wellington Public Transport Network. The location is a unique opportunity where trains, buses and water transport come within proximity of each other. All three modes are united in this transport hub each requiring complex and unique parameters to function. For example, ferry and cruise ships have docking requirements, buses must remain close to Hutt Road and trains are limited by the motorway which divides the site. This complex programme provided a complicated equation for the algorithmic design tool to solve. Rather successfully a sculptural form is generated within the bounds of the required programme servicing all transport requirements. This project demonstrates the capabilities of the early stage design tool developed. The project is featured on the cover of the 2015 VUW Architectural Prospectus Hand Book.
BODY CHAIR Vectorial Body The contour of the Body Chair is inspired by ONL’s design for the Space Xperience Centre in Curacao, which is the terminal building from where the space travels of XCOR will be launched. The Body Chair is assembled by joining together simple components as to form the volume. Components Based on a fully parametric system of connected triangular components, any shape for any chair can be built. The first design applying this design strategy is the Body Chair. The lasercut components are joined together, riveted where aluminium meets another aluminium piece, bolted where aluminium meets a wooden piece. They fit together like unique pieces of a complex puzzle. Design app In the further development of the chair we will open up the design process via a tablet app to the potential consumers, who will be involved in the open design game as co-designers. Their unique proportions - limited within ergonomic constraints will be produced ans assembled on command.