Compiled by : Manish Jain Architect Gr. Floor , Ashoka apartment Bhawani Singh Road C-scheme , Jaipur -302001 Rajasthan ( INDIA) Ph. 91-0141-2743536 Email: fdjaipur @gmail.com Web : www.frontdesk.co.in
Construction Material PLASTICS & RUBBER http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Plastics History
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Type of Plastic Thermoplastics Thermosets
Elastomers
Reversible in phase by heating and cooling. Solid phase at room temperature and liquid phase at elevated temperature Irreversible in phase by heating and cooling. Change to liquid phase when heated, then follow with an irreversible exothermic chemical reaction. Remain in solid phase subsequently Elastic in behaviour under load also know as Rubbers
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Plastic Type & Example
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Plastic types:
Thermoplastics
General properties: low melting point, softer, flexible. Typical uses: bottles, food wrappers, toys, ‌ Examples:
1. Polyethylene (or polythene)
: Flexible use in packaging,
electrical insulation, milk and water bottles, packaging film
2. Polypropylene:
Stiff and hard and coarser then the polyethylene
of low density , use carpet fibers, automotive bumpers, microwave containers, prosthetics
3. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC):
Rigid ,Tough and elastic to feel, use
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Plastic types:
Thermoplastics
4. Polystyrene: Soild , glass clear and sparkling
, use in disposable
spoons, forks, Styrofoam™
5. Acrylics (PMMA: polymethyl methacrylate): Glass clear , somewhat brittle sound when tapped , use in paints, fake fur, plexiglass
6. Polyamide (nylon): high density polythene but smoother to feel use in textiles and fabrics, gears, bushing and washers, bearings
7. PET (polyethylene terephthalate): use in bottles for acidic foods like juices, food trays
8. PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene): http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html use in non-stick coating, Gore-Tex™
Plastic types:
Thermosets General properties: more durable, harder, tough, light. Typical uses: automobile parts, construction materials. Examples:
Malemine formaldehyde (formica ) use in laminates Phenolics ( bakelite) : bottle caps , bonding plywood , glues Unsaturated Polyesters: lacquers, varnishes, boat hulls, furniture Epoxies and Resins: glues, coating of electrical circuits, composites: fiberglass in helicopter blades, boats, ‌ http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Plastic types: Elastomers
General properties: properties.
these
are
thermosets,
and
have
rubber-like
Typical uses: medical masks, gloves, rubber-substitutes
Types of Rubber : 1. Natural rubber : It is natural product form rubber tree , The milk form rubber trees called latex is collected at rubber plantations
2. Synthetic rubbers, this is a polymer and it is manufactured by chemical process of polymerization
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Plastic types: Elastomers
Synthetic rubbers butadiene rubber butyl rubber chloroprene rubber ethylene-propylene rubber isoprene rubber nitrile rubber Polyurethanes : mattress, cushion, insulation, toys Silicones : surgical gloves, applications in joint seals styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) : thermoplastic elastomers http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html
Polymerization Of Plastics The process of producing resins of plastics is called polymerization. thus polymerization is the process of combining molecules of compounds to form another complex molecule. 1. By addition polymerization : 2. By condensation polymerization 3. By Co-polymerization 1. By addition polymerization : In this process the same molecules are made to form a bigger molecule . Thus , in the preparation of polythene (polythene), ethane , a carbon compound , is passed under pressure into an inert insolvent containing a special catalyst (a Ziegler catalyst named after the inventor of the process) to form a polymer A high density form of ethane called polyethane or polythene with a softening point of 130째 C is produced. We are familiar with polythene http://www.frontdesk.co.in/cm.html sheets in our everyday life
Polymerization Of Plastics 2. By condensation polymerization : in this process a large number of identical or different molecules combine and a low molecular substance is removed . For example terylene is a condensation polymer It is synthesized from alcohol ,ethene, glycol and a benzene derivative when heated together , eliminates molecules of water between them and become terylene . Nylon is another example of a condensation polymer . 3. Co polymerization In this process , two or more different monomers are added together to from a polymer . Phenol formaldehyde is produced by reaction of phenol and formaldehyde.
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Silicone
Silicones are polymers that include silicon together with carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes other chemical elements. Some common forms include silicone oil, silicone grease, silicone rubber, and silicone resin
Silicones are inert, synthetic compounds with a wide variety of forms and uses. Typically heat-resistant and rubber-like, they are commonly used in cookware, medical applications, sealants, adhesives, lubricants, insulation. COMPANY which manufacture silicone are : Dow Corning GE Dr Fixit
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Melamine Melamine resin or melamine formaldehyde (also shortened to melamine) is a hard, thermosetting plastic material made from melamine and formaldehyde by polymerization Melamine resin is the main constituent of high-pressure laminates, such as Formica and Arborite, and of laminate flooring. Melamine-resin tile wall panels can also be used as whiteboards. Melamine resin is used in kitchen utensils and plates (such as Melmac).
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Phenol formaldehyde (PF) resins Phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) include synthetic thermosetting resins such as obtained by the reaction of phenols with formaldehyde. Phenolic resins are mainly used in the production of circuit boards. They are better known however for the production of molded products including pool balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings and adhesives. In the form of Bakelite, they are the earliest commercial synthetic resin.
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