HYGIENISM as APPROACH TO CURRENT PANDEMICS
aaa
CERDÀ BIG DATA a course of Vicente Guallart tutors:Andre Resende and Marta Milà_ MaCT, student: Federica Ciccone
hygienism
nowadays
1
industrialization century
city plans/city renewals demolition of walls
1670-76
1st International Hygienism Congress
Jean-Baptiste Colbert first demolition of Paris
1852 hygienism
1760
1854 aaa
2nd cholera pandemic Barcelona
CerdĂ
B.S.
U.S.
G.S.
functionalism
modern movement
Le Corbusier
1869
1
nowadays
1990
‘94
1929
2010
B.S. U.S. G.S.
CerdĂ
H t f
2 The True Founder of Comprehensive Planning
He’s considered to be one of the fathers of “comprehensive city improvements through physical planning and, essentially, modernday planning itself
He approached planning in a way that married the microcosmic with the macrocosmic frameworks of a city, thereby, playing pioneer to more farreaching, longterm oriented planning.
studies & surveys
microcosmic CerdĂ
frameworks macrocosmic
longterm oriented planning
3 The True Founder of Comprehensive Planning
area’s conditions sewage systems water access ventilation and light circulation within and between blocks street width housing health distribution of: services transportation flow public space the relationship between urban and rural functions
multitude of dynamics
equitable economic opportunity social standing
33
establicimientos
43
lanerias o telares de lana
7045 workers
265 professions and activities 160.000almas * Source: statistic Barcelona1852
99carbonerias
4 7045 tiendas
356
mercanderes
356carpinteros 356maestros 356maestros
356almecenistas
134 fabricantes
305
ALMACENISTAS
as
Establecimientos de litografia
rg
Constructores de carros
ge
+50%
de
* Source: statistic Barcelona1852
+50%
es er
Almacenistas y frabicantes de pasta fina para sopa
5 categories
ad rc
26%
5 categories
33
ESTABLECIMIENTOS Me
17categories
51
CONSTRUCTORES
Mer ca de re s d e re loje s
M
c ad er
es er
de
pin
tu
ra
sy
ta es
pa m
s
Fabricas balle
cad M er
Mer cad e re s d e c or te za de Ă rb ole s
4
es er de ga g er s
Mer ca de re s d e re loje s
e rc
ad
e re
sd
e
p in
tu
ra
sy
pa am e st
s
M ca er es d er
Me rc ad er es de te ja s y lad rillo s
M
de pan o s,e y tc ., ro s pa no us
as ad
302
134
356
FABRICAS
FABRICANTES
MERCADERES
31 categories
12 categories
9 categories
+17%
+45%
de curtidos de vacunos,caFabricantes eres,cabrios y lanares de tejidos de artefactos menores
+37% Mercaderes de sedas y cintas
33
establicimientos
43
lanerias o telares de lana
7045 workers
265 professions and activities 160.000almas * Source: statistic Barcelona1852
99carbonerias
4 7045 tiendas
356
mercanderes
356carpinteros 356maestros 356maestros
356almecenistas
302 fabricas
134 fabricantes
urban morphology
Raval industrial area ‘800
5 “Barcelona ha sido a lo largo de los siglos XIX y XX una importante ciudad industrial. Además de los grandes recintos industriales, en muchos casos construidos ex-novo, otro modelo de localización, especialmente en el Raval, fue la casa-fábrica,,
By 1850 the Industrial Revolution was leading to El Raval rapidly filling with tenement blocks (for the workers from the countryside) and textile mills, powered by coal.
mortality_1856-75
Raval industrial area ‘800
5
These buildings were built several storeys high to maximise space, for this was the district for the new industries of a Barcelona still tightly contained within its defensive walls.
// europe
hight density workers’ neighborhoods
mortality_1856-75
Raval industrial area ‘800
5
The tenement blocks were high-rise slums. Toilets and a tap were shared in the courtyard of each block. Epidemics were frequent and the death rate was high - many dieing in their late teens..
tiendas entresuelos 1
mortality_1856-75
The textile mills competed for space with older industries, such as brick making, slaughtering and tanning leather, considered too dangerous or polluting to be allowed in the Barri Gotic old city area where the wealthier inhabitants lived.
2
5
3
6
4
terraces
5
an what emerges from t nowad
nd the same kind of data days?
Each year in Barcelona, near was estimated t to nonco with recommend air pollution, noise, heat, an
6
20%
rly of mortality to be attributable ompliance ded levels of PA, nd access to green spaces.
23,3% undirectly connected to air pollution and quality of life
38,9% undirectly connected to air pollution and quality of life
6
bcn_main causes of premature mortality
6 Reporting cholera deaths _2015
6 DALYs attributable to ambient air pollution
Morta
ality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution
6
Deaths attributable
6 to household air pollution in children ages under 5 years
Mortality rate attributed
6 to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services
can we consider a way t the current environ
the “Hygienism” to face nmental situation?
is the main topic underlying to a
all the actual planning approach
self sufficient buildings
EU 2020 EU 2025
SUPER BLOCKS
EU 2030 EU 2050
APPROACHS REDUCING GLOBAL WARMING AND POLLUTION
ONU
‘AMO’
B.S.
U.S.
G.S.
7
nowadays
1990
‘94
2010 ECOLOGICAL URBANISM MOSTAFAVI
B.S. U.S. G.S.
based on the multidiscipl the precursor of all the current t in a to so the global environ through p
linarity that render CerdĂ theories, plans and regulations act olve nmental problems planning
PA factor and envir can be modifed by changes in as powerful instruments of human being’
ronmental exposure n urban and transport planning, able to plan the improving ’s quality of life.
in comple in wh as Cerda undelined, with his d every single pla has his irrepl
ex frames hich deep and speculative analysis, ayer of the game laceable role.