fertigation

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WATER TECHNOLOGY CENTRE,TNAU


Trend in Net area irrigated (Lakh ha) in Tamil Nadu Sources

1970

2003

8.8

8.1

(35.6)

(30.3)

9.1

6.0

(36.8)

(22.4)

6.5

12.6

(26.0)

(46.7)

0.4

0.2

(1.6)

(0.6)

Total

24.8

26.9

Irrigation intensity (%) Figures in parenthesis are percentage

131

123

Canals Tanks W ells O thers (Springs, Channels)


Groundwater Status in Tamil Nadu Particulars

No. of Blocks

Dark

87

Grey

83

White

215

Total

385


Tamil Nadu : Supply - Demand GAP for Water in 2025

Particulars Qty in MHM Water supply 4.7 Water Demand 6.9 Agri 5.2 Non-Agri 1.7 Supply-Demand gap -2.2


Strategies‌ | Water

saving technologies for increasing water use efficiency |

Drip irrigation

|

Drip fertigation


Nutrient distribution pattern Surface irrigation

Leaching

Drip

Localised

Drip fertigation

Uniform


Fertilizer Use Efficiency Fertilizer Use Efficiency (%) Nutrient

Soil appln.

Drip

Drip Fertign.*

30-50

65

95

Phosphorous

20

30

45

Potassium

50

60

80

Nitrogen

* 95% applied fertilizer taken by plants


Fertilizers for fertigation Name

Rate (Rs./kg)

SPECIALITY WATER SOLUBLE FERTILIZERS Poly feed

(19-19-19)

52.0

MAP

(12-61-0)

56.0

Multi 窶適

(13-0-46)

40.0

MKP

(0-52-34)

75.0

SOP

(0-0-50)

34.0

NORMAL FERTILIZERS Urea

(46-0-0)

4.6

Potash

(0-0-60)

4.4


Devices for fertigation

Fert. Tank

Ventury

Fert. Pump

Cost: Rs.3500

Rs.1250

Rs.12000


Fertigation in Sugarcane with Water Soluble Speciality Fertilizers


Fertigation with water soluble fertilizers in Banana (Nendran)


Tomato fruiting with water soluble speciality fertilizers


Cost benefits, Payback periods of Micro irrigation for various crops Spacing of crops m

Cost of the system Rs.ha-1

Pay back period

B:C ratio

0.91*1.5*1.8 paired row

45,000

1-2 Year

3.00

3.03*1.8

44,000

1 Year

3.28

Pomegranate

4.3*4.3

30,000

2 Year

5.16

Ber

4.5*4.5

30,000

1 Year

4.56

Tomato

0.45*0.45* 1.65 Paired row

30,000 canewall

1 Year

1.09

Papaya

1.81*1.81

40,000

2 Year

4.09

Cotton

0.9*1.5*1.8 Paired row

47,500

3 Years

1.83

0.83*1.66 Paired row

47,500

1 –2 Year

3.45

Crops Banana Grape

Sugarcane


Water saving,yield and profit under drip and drip fertigation system

Crops Banana Sugarcane Tomato

Yield (t/ha) Profit (Rs/ha) Water saving Conventi Drip + Conventi Drip + Drip Drip (%) onal Fertgn onal Fertgn

35 29 32

26 120 45

30 160 56

Payback Period 1-2 years

37 207 65

81000 30000 56000

98000 120000 47000 68000 77000 95000


ISSUES: 1. COST REDUCTION


Banana: Drip - Normal planting method

Drip system cost Rs.45000/ha


Drip system under paired row method

Drip system cost Rs.35000/ha


Paired row - Drip lay out in sugarcane


TURMERIC -

COST REDUCTION IN DRIP LAY OUT WITH MICRO TUBES


Paired row with micro tubes in tapioca


Bucket Kit System configuration Bucket (20 ltrs) 1 No 12 mm Lateral line 1 No (with filter, tap & 26 micro tubes)

Bucket Gromet & Take off Valve Line filter

Microtube coverage

Micro tube End cap 12 mm lateral line


Drum Kit Microtube coverage

Tap Filter

16 mm sub main Reducer tee 12 mm lateral Cap Micro tube

System configuration

Plants 2m

Wetting pattern

16 mm lateral line (with 5 trees) 1 No 12 mm lateral line (with 130 micro tubes) 5 Nos


Micro Sprinkler Kit Existing water source Valve Filter

System configuration 16 mm lateral (fitted with tees) 1 No Laterals (with connections for sprinklers) 5 Nos Micro sprinklers 15 Nos

Micro sprinkler

coverage


ISSUES 2. DRIP SYSTEM MAINTANENCE


MAINTENANCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT CHLORINATION When the source of irrigation water is a dam, river, irrigation channel, etc., chlorination is recommended which kills bacteria, algae and other organic matter. Example: Pump discharge is 20 cu.m/hr Irrigation time is 5 hr Rate of chlorine required is 5 ppm (mg/l) 1ppm=1g/cu.m (1000 litres), 5 ppm = 0.2 kg chlorine/hr = 2 kg as 10% Sodium hypochlorite/hr, therefore total Na hypochlorite required 5 hr x 2 = 10 kg.


MAINTENANCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION EQUIPMENT ACIDIFICATION Injection of 30% HCl is recommended for removal of precipitated calcium salts on the inner surface of the drip system Example: Pump discharge : 20 cu. M/hr Max injector pump discharge : 250 litres/hr Acid required : 20 litres (1 litre per cu.m.) Total solution required : 250/10 = 25 litres (1/10th of the discharge) Water quantity to use : 25 – 20 = 5 litres


Sand Filter Backwashing


Flushing of Submains and Laterals


Issues 3. Subsidy Rate of subsidy - 25% Subsidy at Govt. fixed unit cost Energy Saving = Subsidy ¾ Banana Rs. 5100/ha ¾ Sugarcane Rs. 4500/ha ¾ Grapes Rs. 2250/ha ¾ Coconut Rs. 2000/ha


ISSUES : 4. DRIP Vs TAP SYSTEM a. Saline water b. Limited water and power supply c. Cost saving in Tap Dripper : 4 / tree @ 8 LPH * 3 Hr = 96 L / tree/day Cost : @ Rs 2.35/dripper * 175*4 = Rs 1645/ha Tap : 1/ tree @ 100 LPH *1Hr = 100L/tree/day Cost: @ Rs 0.8/tap * 175 = Rs 140/ha


Issues 5. Area Expansion

• Additional area under drip irrigation (5% of the present cropped area) • Expanding drip fertigation (2.5% of the present cropped area)


1.Drip cost at 5% additional area

Crop

Current Area (lakh ha)

Proposed area under drip (ha) (5% )

Total drip cost (Rs. Crores)

Govt. subsidy at 50% (Rs. Crores)

Sugarcane

2.83

14140

91.9

45.9

Coconut

2.70

13500

37.8

18.9

Vegetables

2.15

10770

0.6

0.3

Mango

0.90

4512

10.8

5.4

Cashew

0.84

4210

11.8

5.9

Others

1.86

9289.5

45.9

22.9

11.28

56420

198.8

99.3

Total


2.Drip fertigation cost at 2.5% additional area Crop

Current Area (lakh ha)

Expected area (ha) under drip fertigation (2.5% )

Total drip cost (Rs. Crores)

Total cost for fertigation device (Rs. Crores)

Total drip+fertig ation device cost (Rs. Crores)

Govt subsidy at 50% (Rs. Crores)

Sugarcane

2.83

7070

46.0

2.1

48.1

24.0

Coconut

2.70

6750

18.9

2.0

20.9

10.4

Vegetables

2.15

5385

32.3

1.6

33.9

17.0

Mango

0.90

2256

5.4

0.7

6.1

3.0

Cashew

0.84

2105

5.9

0.6

6.5

3.3

Others

1.86

4645

23.0

1.3

24.4

12.2

11.28

28210

131.5

8.4

139.9

69.9

Total


How to go ahead ? 1.Tamil Nadu Agrl. University Role: Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation 2.Agril.Engg. and Horticulture Depts. Role: Drip and fertigation system installation, technical support and TOT 3.Industries Role: Developing Linkages for TOT and quality control.


TNAU Experiences 1. Irrigation Cafeteria

2. Adaptive Research Trials

3. Village Adoption




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