TURNING OUR BACKS TO THE CARS TO FACE THE WATER Transforming parking space to meeting point and market in the city centre of Gothenburg
Helena Felicia1 Emanuelsson
2017
Summarizing Report 2017 Helena Felicia Emanuelsson Student number: 2012132 Aarhus Shool of Architecture Studio: Transformation of Cultural Heritage Tutor: Karen Olesen
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01.1 PROLOGUE
In the city centre of my hometown Gothenburg, Kungstorget (The Kings Square) is situated. The square is placed in front of Saluhallen (Gothenburg’s food hall), close to the moat (Vallgraven), green parks, public transportation, restaurants, cafÊs, shops and the great theatre. The name and the magnificent placement might give the impression of a square full of life. Unfortunately a more describing name would be The Kings Parking Place (Kungsparkeringen). The only movement at the place are the cars driving around in circles to find a free spot. My project is positioned at this square and the assignment is to transform the parking lot to a meeting point in the city by designing a public building at its place. The new building creates an inviting place in the city and it has a strong relation to the history of the square, to Saluhallen and to the moat.
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CONTENTS
01.
INTRODUCTION
01.1 01.2
PROLOGUE
p.03
MOTIVATION
p.07
02.
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
02.1
CITY
HISTORY CURRENT SITUATION
p.10
02.2
SITE
p.18
03.
ANALYSIS
03.1 03.2 03.3
19TH CENTURY BAZAAR
p.33
INFRASTRUCTURE PROGRAM
p.37
04.
PROCESS
04.1 04.2 04.3 04.4
PLACEMENT
05.
APPENDIX
HISTORY CURRENT SITUATION
p.39
p.43
SKETCHING ELABORATION
p.47
PROPOSAL
p.71
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p.57
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0.1 INTRODUCTION
MOTIVATION Reduce parking lots to make place for public places
Kungstorget is a site with wasted potentials. There, typical for Gothenburg, cars have been the main priority. Kungstorget is a good example of a square in the city with great qualities that are being used for cars instead of common spaces. The congestion charge is supposed to reduce the cars and it will hopefully change this trend. The discussion of what to do with the existing parking lots when the amount cars are decreased becomes important. Kungstorget is easy to reach with its central location and public transportation close by. Hotels, restaurants and shops are already inviting people to circulate close to the site. Saluhallen is one of the main attractions in Gothenburg and locals as well as tourists visit the building every day. Therefore, the site in front of the building has a great potential for becoming the meeting point that Gothenburg is missing. Without cars, the site would become more inviting and it would increase the possibilities to sojourn by the moat. I believe that creating a stronger relation to the water could improve Kungstorget. People are placing themself by the water as soon as the spring sun appears in Gothenburg, even if it means that they have to sit on a cold rock with a big parking lot in their backs. In many other cities, the quality of water is enhanced. Examples close by can be found by the river in Aarhus and in Nyhavn, Copenhagen where the waterfront has restaurants, cafĂŠs, walking paths, seating and activities that can be used by locals as well as tourists. Gothenburg is turning the back to the moat, but this is slowly starting to change as appreciation for the qualities of the water is increasing. My project will take advantage of the placement of the site to continue this interest and enhance the potential of the moat. Open spaces and parks are important in a city, but for this big and empty square I believe that something more is needed. The placement of the site, accessible and central, and its relation with the food hall are already welcoming people to the site. My project will give them reasons to stay and it will invite more people to meet up.
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02. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
CITY 02.1 SITE 02.2
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GÖTA ÄLV (THE RIVER)
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SIT
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02.1 CITY
Gothenburg Scale: 1-10.000
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1621
Gothenburg was founded The city was supposed to protect Göta Älv from Denmark and Norway The River was important for trading Defense facilities were built around the city, such as a moat and bastions
1669
First Fire Two fires burned 3/4 of Gothenburg to the ground Followed by two more in 1721 and 1746
1807 1856 1879 1923
Bastions and defense were demolished The Trains were introduced in Gothenburg The Trams were introduced in Gothenburg 300-year anniversary exhibition (the anniversary was 1921) Many buildings were built for this, such as: Gothenburg art museum, Gothenburgs botanical garden, Liseberg and Svenska Mässan
1960
Decontaminations of old buildings A lot of buildings that seemed out of fashion were demolished and replaced
1970 2010
Gothenburg re-branded itself to be an “Event City” Vision “älvstaden” was established The vision is to connect the city with the river, meet the water and strengthen the city core. The project will expand Gothenburg with 1/3 of today’s buildings
2013 2021
The congestion charge were established 400-years anniversary The anniversary will be a deadline for many of the city’s ongoing building projects
2026
“Västlänken” will be finished The project includes: better public transportation, new pedestrian and bicycle roads, new bridges and better roads
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02.1 CITY
HISTORY OF GOTHENBURG Moat, bastions and fires
Gothenburg was founded in 1621 to protect the river, Göta Älv since Norway and Denmark had conquered the provinces above and below the region. The river was important for trading. A moat was made and bastions were built to protect the city and to collect tollgate. Canals were made to connect the river and the moat. At this time, the city only had two squares: The Small Square (Lilla Torget) and The Big Square (Gustav Adolfs Torg). The houses in the city were built in wood, despite regulations to build in stone. In 1669, two fires affected Gothenburg. Only ¼ of the buildings made it, the rest were burned to the ground. The new houses were again built in wood. In 1721, another fired occurred in the city, followed by one more in 1746. These fires destroyed more than half of the city. Even if the regulations to build in stone became stronger, most houses were built in wood once again. In the 1800s, six more fired occurred and almost all buildings were destroyed. The rules and regulations became stricter and now forbid wooden houses in the city centre. Because of these fires, the moat is one of the few remaining from Gothenburg’s early history. In 1807, the bastions were left to decay since they were no longer needed. The moat remained and continued to work as a tollgate. In the 1800s the city needed to be built up again, due to all the fires, which gave place for new architecture styles. Light colours and stone were introduced. In the second half of the 1800s, the population had grown considerably and the city expanded. More squares were introduced and the trading moved from Gustav Adolfs Torg to Kungstorget (the Kings Square) and Fisktorget (The Fish Square), later also Grönsakstorget (the Vegetables Square). By the late 1800s, trains and trams were established in the city, and parts of the canal had to be filled up to make place for the tracks. In the 1900s, Gothenburg was an important industrial city and the textile industry attracted many people. Thus, Gothenburg became a big city and the centre expanded. In 1960, decontamination started in the city to demolish and replace buildings that seemed out of fashion.
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02.1 CITY
CURRENT SITUATION Connect the city with Göta Älv and strengthen the dense city core
Gothenburg is Sweden’s second largest city after Stockholm. The population in the city centre is 550 000 people. The city is situated on the west coast and the harbour is the biggest one in Northern Scandinavia. Some big companies have origin and headquarter in Gothenburg, such as: Volvo, SKF, Esab and Hasselblad. In 1970, Gothenburg branded itself as an “event city” and worked towards getting big events to the city to attract tourists and to entertain the citizens. Tourism is an important income and the city is constantly trying to attract more visitors. Gothenburg is going through some big changes that will continue for many years to come. The municipality has an overall plan that will work as a guideline for all new projects in the city. The plan mentions the importance of a centre full of life and underlines the values to strengthen the relation to the water. It is also written that the city should be dense with a variation of functions and that the cultural heritage should be valued. The plan includes goals to have diversity and to have public spaces that stimulate meetings between different kinds of people of all ages. Vision “Älvstaden” was established in 2010. The vision is to connect the city centre with Göta Älv and strengthen a dense city core. New housing projects, work places, schools and new traffic strategies are included in the project. The goal is 25000 new apartments and 45000 new working places. In 2021, Gothenburg will have 400-years anniversary. Just like the one 100 years ago, the anniversary will be a deadline for many of the city’s on-going building projects. The municipality also has a parking policy from 2009, which states that public transportation, walking and using bicycles should be encouraged. The city environment should be prioritized rather than the cars. In 2013 the congestion charge was established in Gothenburg. The charge is supposed to reduce the car congestion, improve the environment and finance developed infrastructure and public transportation. The congestion charge is a part of “Västsvenska Paketet” (West Swedish Agreement). The cars have been put in a pedestal in Swedish city planning for the last 50 years. Apart from having a negative effect on the environment, the cars also create problems with space in the city. A car in Sweden stands still 97% of its time. For one car, there are 8 parking spots. Even if the cars are getting made in a more sustainable way, the problem with space will still be there. However, the municipality’s strategy states that the car traffic in the city will be reduced 25% by 2035.
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02.1 CITY
The salon of the city: Gustav Adolfs Torg and Götaplatsen Trading/Café: Fisktorget, Grönsakstorget and Kungstorget Intersection Points: Järntoget, Kungsportsplatsen, Brunnsparken and Drottningstorget
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02.1 CURRENT SITUATION
The squares in the city, divided into three categories
There are about nine important squares in the city centre of Gothenburg today. The municipality divides the squares into different categories. The main categories are: The salon of the city: A place for parties, public meetings and events. To be able to make space for a lot of people when the events are taking place, these squares are without program and most of the time quite empty. Trading and café: These squares have more visitors on an everyday basis than the previous mentioned and offers things to buy or eat. Intersection points: Meeting points with public transportation. These squares and places have people crossing the whole day around but it is not common that people stay, they are just passing by to reach their next destination. Kungstorget belongs to the category “Trading and Café” even if it is used mainly for parking. The other squares in the same group have also developed into spots for parking.
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02.2 HISTORY
1643 1848
Bastion Johannes Dux was built (Where Kungstorget is situated) Kungstorget officially became a square for trading The city had until now only two squares, Gustav Adolfs torg and Lilla torg
1850 1888
A half circle shaped bazaar were built at the square Saluhallen was built Three smaller food halls were built around the square as well: Bazar Alliance (1888-1985), Gรถtahallen (1895-1985) and Torghallen (1899)
1966 1976
The Bazaar was demolished The square became a parking place Trees were planted were the bazaar used to stand Some few traders are renting space at the square
2010
Municipality started investigating ideas for the square
Ideas were made and discussions with many different actors held, but the investigation ended without any conclusion and there are no plans for the square today
1643 - Bastion Johannes Dux
1890 - Market place
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02.2 SITE
HISTORY OF KUNGSTORGET From Bastion to Market Place
The Square, Kungstorget, is situated by the moat where the bastion Johannes Dux was placed in the 1600s. In the 1800s, the bastion and moat walls were demolished. The square became a place for sales of wood and was called the wooden square. The square later evolved into a spot for farming vegetables and fruit. Gustav Adolfs Torg was decided to be the business square in the city. In 1848, the business moved from Gustav Adolfs Torg to Kungstorget and the place officially became a market square. The square offered all kinds of food directly from the farmer’s barrows and from boats. In 1850, a half circle shaped bazaar was built at the site. It was possible to buy clothing, fabric and food in the shops, even butchering and the selling of livestock took place in the building. A small prison was situated inside the bazaar construction in 1920. It was Heinrich Kaufmann, the city architect of the time who designed the bazaar. The construction in wood and bricks contained a bearing wall in the middle, which made it possible to make the stores in two directions, to the moat and to the square. To supplement the trading at the square and secure more hygienic circumstances, Saluhallen (The Food Hall) was built in 1888. Victor Adler won the architecture competition for the project, but Hans Hedlund drew it instead with inspiration from Adler’s work. When Saluhallen opened in 1889 it contained 92 stores. The building got extended the first time in 1898 and has constantly been growing after that. By 1920, the traders at the site were calculated to be 600 people. The square attracted more business and some smaller food halls were built around the place. Saluhallen was announced as cultural heritage in 1985. There were plans for a parking lot at the square already in 1910, but for horses. In 1966, when the bazaars were demolished due to sanitary problems, the parking question was raised again. In 1976, there were plans for a car park under the square. Reactions from the citizens were strong and demonstrations occurred. The demonstrations lead to occupations and the plans had to be cancelled. Instead of building an underground car park, parking lots were made on the square and chestnut trees were planted where the bazaar used to be.
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02.2 HISTORY
Historical Photos of Kungstorget and the Bazaars from 1850-1966
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02.2 SITE
Historical Photos of Kungstorget and the Bazaars from 1850-1966
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02.2 SITE
CURRENT SITUATION Businesses at the square are closing down
There are very little trading and businesses on Kungstorget today. I got the opportunity to talk with two of the salesmen at the square. One sold flowers and the other sold vegetables. They both have been working at the square for about 30 years and they have seen businesses closed down one by one. Today there are only 5 salesmen left on the square and no new ones are coming. The men thought that the reason why no new salesmen set up businesses is because it is an unattractive place with too many cars, and the work is in hard climate and contains long working days. The salesmen rent a space, which consist of a number of rectangles marked on the ground stone; 2,5x4 meters for 6000 SEK a year. These two salesmen rented 3 squares each. For storage and toilets, they can rent space inside Saluhallen, but the relation between the traders and Saluhallen was not so good. There are also 4 food trucks placed between the chestnut trees and a low stonewall on the square. In the beginning they were called food trucks because they were driving around in the city and stopped at different places every day. Today there are just shops in containers that inhabit the square every day the whole year around. They sell tacos, fish and chips, falafel and meatballs. Inside Saluhallen, it is possible to buy groceries to take home such as vegetables, meat, fish, cheese, nuts and dried fruits or food to eat there, for example breakfast, “fika� or lunch. Around 2 million people visit the building every year. In the evening, Saluhallen is closed and the square becomes very dark and empty. In 2010 the municipality started investigating alternatives for the square. Ideas were made through a sketch of a reinterpretation of the old bazaars. The idea included a parking garage under the square. The ideas generated discussions with many different actors in the city. Some were positive about building up the bazaars again to bring life back to the square, which would be good for the city but also for businesses. Some were against cutting down the existing trees for the sake of a new bazaar. Some liked the idea of the underground parking lot but some voted strongly against it. The parking question became the biggest problem in the discussion. The investigation ended without any conclusion and there are no plans for the square today.
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02.2 SITE
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02.2 CURRENT SITUATION
Physical Description of the Site
Waterline: The distance from Saluhallen to the moat is 128 meters and the whole site is sloping towards the water. The waterline, about 30 meters wide, goes along the south part of the site. The 2000 meter long waterway goes around the city centre as a blue thread. The historical moat still defines the city centre and the area is called “within the moatâ€?. In 1939 the Paddan tourist boat was established in the water and it goes from Kungsportsplatsen (the southeast part of the site) through the canal, moat and river while a guide talks about the city. In the 1900s many people had their private boats in the moat but that is no longer allowed, neither is bathing and swimming in it. However, it is allowed to fish. Even if it is allowed to go by boat in the moat, it is not so many boats that can go under the very low bridges. There are two bridges at the sides of the site, Basarbron and Kungsportbron. Roads/Parking: The most used program at the site is the parking place. There are 70 parking spaces placed close to Saluhallen. At the part closer to the moat, there are 80 parking spots. There is another opportunity for parking at GrĂśnsakstorget, 80 meters from Kungstorget and one more by the Grand Theatre, 225 meters from the square. It is also possible to reach the site with public transportation. The bus and tram stops 100 meters away, at Kungsportsplatsen. Sightline: From the same square you will get a view over the park at the other side of the moat; Kungsparken. The park is a green lung in the city and goes along the south part of the moat. Buildings: The main building by the site is Saluhallen. At the west side of the square one big building is stretching from north to south. It contains Systembolaget (where you buy alcohol in Sweden), a cinema, a restaurant, offices and apartments. At the east side of the square, two smaller houses are placed. They both contain restaurants and bars. In the summer they have popular but small outdoor serving.
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02.2 SITE
Kungstorget February 2017
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02.2 CURRENT SITUATION
Kungstorget February 2017
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02.2 CURRENT SITUATION
POTENTIALS Placement, Access and Aesthetics
Kungstorget has the potential of becoming the meeting place in the city that Gothenburg is missing. Some of the most important qualities are the placement, the easy access and the aesthetics.
Placement: The Square has a unique placement in the middle of the city centre. It is one of the few open spaces in the otherwise dense city core. It is open towards the south, which gives good sun qualities. The placement by the moat strengthens the qualities of both light and openness. The water is a quality in itself both when it comes to light, functions and aesthetic. The green park at the other side of the moat gives a nice view from the site. The relation to Saluhallen is a good quality since it attracts many different people to the area; young, old, locals and tourists. There are many shops, cafĂŠs, restaurants and bars close by and the streets placed north of the site, Vallgatan and Kungsgatan are popular shopping streets. Access: The site is easy to access by foot since it is in the city centre. It also has good public transportations nearby. Even if this parking lot gets transformed to a public space, there are many other parking spots nearby. Rental bikes can be picked up or dropped off at the site. Aesthetics: Saluhallen is a beautiful historical building of cultural her-
itage, which contributes to the site with its aesthetics. The two rows of chestnut trees bring some nature to the place and create a relation to the park at the other side of the moat. The pointy edge of the plateau towards the water gives special characteristics, which bring up the historical quality of the site as a former bastion.
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03. ANALYSIS
19TH CENTURY BAZAAR 03.1 INFRASTRUCTURE 03.2 PROGRAM 03.3
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Above: Analysis of the geometry of the construction Below: Abstact interpretation of the bazaar
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03. ANALYSIS
19TH CENTURY BAZAAR Using the architectural qualities as ingredients
The assignment of improving Kungstorget through a transformation of the current parking space into meeting place was decided upon before I found out about the interesting history of the site. When finding pictures of the bazaars from 1850-1966 I saw it as a proof that, with the right framework, Kungstorget could work as a meeting point in the city. The bazaars created an intimate, welcoming square towards the city and good relation to the water. Since the chestnut trees are planted in the same spot of the bazaar it is not possible to make an exact reinterpretation of the architecture while saving the trees. The chestnut trees are old, big and a beautiful and are appreciated space-making elements at the site today and should thus not be torn down. Investigations of the old bazaar were made to find the qualities from the architecture to use as ingredients for the new building. The half circle contained a spine, a thick bearing wall through the middle of the construction. From the spine, lighter modules grew out in the direction of both the square and the moat, which created the spaces for the salesmen. The roof of the bazaar had a big overhang, which created a covered space for the visitors to walk under. Columns from the same grid as the modules held up the overhang.
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03. ANALYSIS
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03.1 19TH CENTURY BAZAAR
Three variations in the grid of the bazaar: The regular store grid for sales, the opening to walk through and the heavy ending
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SALUHALLEN
THE MOAT
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03. ANALYSIS
INFRASTRUCTURE Redirect the roads and remove parking lot
The movement at the site today is mainly controlled by the roads. Pedestrians have to walk side by side with the cars. The starting point for my project will be to redirect the roads and to remove the stonewall by the trees to make room for a new building. For cars, cabs and transportation of goods I will only use the road behind the food hall. The rest of the site can only be reached by pedestrians and bicycles. The project will make it possible to walk along the water without being surrounded by cars. The space between the two rows of chestnut trees will become one of the new main paths at the site, filled with activities. There will be no parking at the site. If it is necessary to enter the city by car, it will still be possible to park close to the site and walk the last meters or to be dropped off by the street north of the site. The square can also be reached by trams and busses stopping at Kungsportsplatsen marked in the northeast side of the drawing below, or by bicycle.
To the left Above: The site today Below: My thoughts for the future of the site This page: Accessibility
Cars
TRAM & BUS
PARKING
Secondary pedestrian path
Primary pedestrian path
G
PARKIN
Sojorn Place
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WINTER
SUMMER
ALL YEAR
DAY
Starting point for guided tours Market for clothing / products
Ice-Skaters Rental Christmas market
Boarding/Tickets for Paddan
Market for food / flowers
Kayak Rental
CafĂŠ / Bakery
Fishing platform / rental for equipment
Exhibition / Information place for ongoing events in Gothenburg Room for children to play Adjustable space for bingo, meetings, presentations etc. Gallery Small library
Tourist information / Visitor center Small scene, indoor and outdoor, for music, speach, poetry etc.
DAY & NIGHT
Ice cream / Snack shop Christmas Tree Lights
Outdoor Chess
Play area for children
Outdoor Boule Game
Food Truck / Container
small urban farming / greenhouse
Toilet Bike Racks Restaurant / Bar
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03. ANALYSIS
PROGRAM Exploring alternative for programs that not necessarily only focus on food. It was important for me that the new building would work day, night, winter and summer and that it attracted different kind of people.
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04. PROCESS
PLACEMENT SKETCHING ELABORATION PROPOSAL
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04.1 04.2 04.3 04.4
04.1 PLACEMENT
Above: Grid in same direction as Saluhallen Below: Same rotation as the other context buildings
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04. PROCESS
PLACEMENT Exploring location for the new building
The first experiments were made with the same principles as the old bazaar but with new shape and placement. The idea was to keep the structure with the bearing wall and the two-sided facades. Challenge: There are many directions to have in mind at the site; the sharp edge towards the water, the orthogonal direction of Saluhallen, the slightly rotated context buildings and most of all, the half circle with trees.
Combination of different rotations
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04. PROCESS
Trying to figure out which side of the trees to place the new building
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04.1 PLACEMENT
Exploring the values of a round building at the site
After investigations with round shapes it seemed like the most logical solution. The round shape gives a hint of the historical bazaar and works well with the trees. The circle can create a connection with the water and generate an intimate square. Challenge: Since the trees are planted where the historical bazaar used to be located, it became a challenge figuring out where to place the new building. To place it towards the water gave a long distance to the square and the other way around. I also had to figure out how to create an inviting place between the trees. Solution: To build on both sides and in-between the trees. In that way the construction could have two directions and still have a good distance to the water and the square. It also creates an interesting space between the trees.
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04.2 SKETCHING
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04. PROCESS
SKETCHING Developing the grid and shape
The grid and modules are adapted to the trees. The modules are not always a building; it could also be a bench or a boule court for example. The building mass is placed on both sides of the trees.
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04.2 SKETCHING
Experiments with facades Conclusion: distinguish between the small modules and the big ones. This could improve both the program and the variation in bodymass. (See exaple in the middle)
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04. PROCESS
Opening up in two directions to collect sunlight
Opening up towards the moat to collect sunlight
Sloping down towards the moat, creating protection from rain/wind
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04. PROCESS
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04.2 SKETCHING
Experiments Through Section
With modules on both sides of the trees an intimate space in-between the buildings are established. The construction should collect light from south but also protect from wind and rain for the people using the outdoor spaces under the roof overhang. Challenge: How should the roof towards the moat be designed to give the right amount of light and protection?
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04. PROCESS
Experiments with roof in plan
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04.2 SKETCHING
The Roof
Challenge: How should the roof be constructed to give the right amount protection without feeling to heavy and massive? Some sketching was made in plan but to get a better understanding about the roof and the scale of the modules, physical models were built.
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04. PROCESS
1-200 models Experiments with height and shape of roof
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04.2 SKETCHING
1-100 model Experiment with room, construction and shape
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04. PROCESS
ELABORATING Finding solutions and taking decisions
A Solution to the section was found and adjustment in measurements and construction were made. The building towards the square and north has a roof with highest point towards the overhang to collect as much light as possible into indoor and outdoor space. The module towards the water has one high point with windows for the light to enter the inside space and a sloping roof at the outdoor space for protection from wind and rain. When some decisions now were made it was time to elaborate the project further. The strict grid can manage to have some variations. Experiments with variation, subtraction and openings in the module system were made. To get a better understanding for the differences, they were tested in a 3D model from Rhino. The following pages are some of the investigations made from that model.
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04. PROCESS
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04.3 ELABORATING
KUNGSTORGET
MOAT
Creating more openings: Two paralell openings through the whole construction
Removing modules and experimenting with more transparancy
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04. PROCESS
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04.3 ELABORATING
Variation in the module systemOutdoor space
Variation in the module systemRemoved module
Openings and variations in the brick wall
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04. PROCESS
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04.3 ELABORATING
Experiment with openings in the module system The whole system
Two modules removed + opening in brick wall
Three modules removed
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04. PROCESS
The thick bearing wall will be in light gray brick. The measurements for Swedish bricks are: 250 x 120 x 62. The assembly will be a cavity wall including pipes and other practicalities for the building. It will also be able to functioning as seating and for shelf. The outdoor spaces will be in stone and the transition from inside to outside will be floating. The roof will be a wood construction with light steel details and columns.
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04.3 ELABORATING
CONSTRUCTION Material and assembly
The construction was still quite abstract by this point, therefore, material and construction had to be more developed. Discussions with an engineer lead to the conclusion that my building came to close to the trees. With the modules placed only 1,5 away and the bearing wall placed 2,5 meter from the trees the construction threatened the roots to be cut of and die. Therefore, I had to make some changes in placement, grid and construction to be able to make my building work and at the same time keep the trees.
The construction before the changes. The first ideas of construction, material and meetings
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04. PROCESS
The Electa Book Pavilion by James Stirling have a foundation that workes well with the trees which are situated closed by the building.
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04.3 ELABORATING
CHANGES New grid and placement
The smallest modules were made bigger to increase the distance to the tree. The heavy wall was moved towards the water in the south side. The distances became better but some thoughts about foundation became important. Solution: If the bearing brick wall got a deep foundation, the whole way around, the rest of the modules could be standing on point foundation which makes little harm on the roots. Challenge: The point foundation makes the construction float which goes against the idea of plateaus with gliding transitions between inside and outside which were made for spatial qualities but foremost as easy access for wheelchairs.
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04. PROCESS
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trees 04.4 PROPOSAL
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04. PROCESS
PROPOSAL Conclusions
The conclusions of my investigations, experiments and questions will be explained in the following pages. The proposal belongs to the chapter Process since changes, ideas and details can be further developed. The final proposal will however be similar to following drawings. The main overall-shape is a re-interpretation of the historical bazaar, adapted to the site and how it appears today with the big chestnut trees placed in the same half circle. The construction twines through the trees to create relation both to the water, the square and the place in-between the trees. The round shape is divided into modules from a strict grid which size have been decided by the trees.
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04.4 PROPOSAL
layers layers Green // Flexible modules Blue // Street food Pink // Gothenburg Taste Experience Yellow // Permanent
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04.4 PROPOSAL
PROGRAM Serving , servant and four categories
Ideas of having a mixed program became messy. The programs lacked a clear identity for the bazaar. Since Saluhallen is constantly growing and since the market stands at the square do not work so well, my project will solve these problems instead of creating something totally new to the square. Therefore, the new bazaar will mainly be a food market but with some extra features. Saluhallen focuses on special food and delicatessen, and much of it is from foreign countries. The new half circle bazaar will focus more on the local food, typical for the west coast. It will be inviting for everyone; old, young, locals and tourists. Since the modules are formed by the space between the trees, it results in some smaller and some bigger modules (seen from left to right). The smaller modules, marked in blue on the drawing to the left, can be called the servant-modules. Most of the functions for the whole bazaar are placed in these, such as WCs, storage, kitchen and staff room. They also work as entrances and weather porch for the public spaces. The bigger modules can be called the served-modules. The modules also contain a variation in size from north to south, as seen in the drawing below to the left. The round shape makes them smaller towards the middle, the square in this case and bigger towards the water. The sizes make it possible to have a variation in the program.
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04.4 PROGRAM
Program Explination
Green // Flexible modules These modules are the smallest and they are located closest to the square. They can be rented for flower market in the spring, berry market in the summer mushroom market in the fall, Christmas market in the winter, or for flea market and food market etc. The room itself is small and can contain space for sales, storage and places to sit for the salesmen but they can also grow out towards the square under the big roof overhang or under open air. Tables, water, storage and refrigerator can be found in the servant modules. The spaces can be rented by different people from day to day. The market with flowers, vegetables and fruit that currently takes place on the square can use these spaces. It will provide more comfort and practicalities than is available today. During the winter, when the market life is more seldom, the big glass facades makes it possible to use the space as window displays for smaller exhibitions or for information. There are also some activities placed in this area. In the activity module you can rent balls to play boule, game pieces for “Kubb� and equipment for sand castles. The activity-stand itself does not have to be big since the activities themselves will use the square and court of sand.
Blue // Street food There are four containers selling street food today. These will be placed in the new bazaar construction. The modules will provide the overall necessities for street food. The salesmen and type of food can vary but the rental will be longer then the previous mentioned to make sure that there will always be something there. The costumers will not enter the modules; they will instead buy the food through a shutter window.
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04.4 PROPOSAL
Program Explination
Pink // Gothenburg Taste Experience Gothenburg, as many other cities, have a lot of locally produced products. Some of the companies are established and popular and others are smaller and have a hard time competing with the bigger ones. In the bazaar they will get the opportunity to show off. It also gives visitors an idea of what is typical for Gothenburg. In the spaces you could enter to talk directly to the producers, you can buy the product and there might even be some tasting events for smaller groups. Gothenburg for example has a beer producer, Ocean Bryggeriet. Their beer is made in Gothenburg and the bottles feature typical Gothenburg icons as well as names all having something to do with the city. The restaurants are positive towards the product but are mostly taking the safe side and go with the big brands that all costumers already know about. In the bazaar, the beer can be shown and tasted by the locals and it could be a nice souvenir to bring home for the tourists. Very typical and popular at the West coast in Sweden is the delicious seafood. Since not everyone has tried the local “sill” (herring) from Klädesholmen this would be a perfect place to do so. Or maybe Fridas candy made from local berries and various ingredients from the Swedish nature can tempt. Other alternatives might be knäckebröd or glögg.
Yellow // Permanent The most permanent program will be in the yellow modules. The rooms will be created to fit to a specific program. Even if the owner changes the program will stay the same. This is to ensure life and activity towards the moat both day, night and throughout all seasons. In the modules to the right there will be program related to tourism or visitors. Tourist information and a place where you can rent kayak, fishing equipment or buy tickets to Paddan (the tour boat) are placed here. There are also dining areas and changing rooms for the staff working in the bazaar. The following modules towards the left are a café for a “fika” pause and a coffee shop for takeaway coffee. The evening sun reaches into the restaurant and bar modules, and the restaurants use fresh herbs from the green house. The bar staff can also sneak in to get some fresh mint. The bakery has fresh “kanelbullar”, and just like the restaurant it contains two modules.
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04.4 PROPOSAL
The plan and its content
Apart from the building itself, the new square will get additional trees towards the south to protect from the noise from the road. And then there is the new big stair where you can sit down to read a book, to eat your street food, drink your coffee or have a picnic that you brought from home. It will also give opportunity to just sojourn by the moat, looking over the green park at the other side of the water or wave to the people passing by with boat. The lowest part is directed to south for the best sun qualities. At the edge there are a plateau to make it possible to jump on and of the boat. The new Bazaar invites and attracts people to the square. But the project also includes the framework for people to stay for a while. The activity from the bazaar will make the public spaces and seating more interesting to be in. To get an understanding oh how to create a meeting point in the city I read the book “Life Between Buildings” by Jan Gehl and I would like to include his explanations of social activities and how they are developed:
“Social Activities: All activities that depend on the presence of others in public spaces. Examples of social activities are: children playing, greetings, conversations or passive contact (seeing and hearing other people). Social activities evolve from a combination of necessary activities and optional activities. Architects can affect the possibilities for meeting, seeing and hearing people, which is an important starting point for other forms of contact.”
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05. APPENDIX
PICTURES SOURCES CV
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PICTURES The pictures not meantioned below is taken by me for this project
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Historical Photo of Bazaar CARLSSON LARS (2011) Ögonblick av Nostalgiska Återblickar 1-20 Project: Ögonblick Gothenburg: Innerstaden Göteborg AB
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Historical Photo of Bazaar GARELLICK (2001) Göteborg före grävskoporna Borås: Centraltryckeriet
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Kville Saluhall Saluhall i Kvillebäcken Online Available from: https://www.arkitekt.se/tavling/saluhall-i-kvillebacken-goteborg/
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Homerton Dining Hall University of Cambride Competition Online Available from: http://www.archdaily.com/867640/rising-practice-feilden-fowlesbeats-out-stirling-prize-winners-in-university-ofcabridge-competition
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Electa Book Pavilion Bookshop Pavilion for Venice Biennale Online Available from: https://www.mimoa.eu/projects/Italy/Venice/Book shop%20Pavilion%20for%20the%20Venice%20Bien nale/?utm_expid=3171585-1.kxbr9OawRfy04t4GsK0Wy Q.0&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.dk%2F
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SOURCES Literature
CARLSSON LARS (2011) Ögonblick av Nostalgiska Återblickar 1-20 Project: Ögonblick Gothenburg: Innerstaden Göteborg AB EJDEROTH STINA, LUNDGREN MARIA, LÖNNROTH GUDRUN (2003) Hus för Hus Kungälv: Grafikerna Livréna GEHL JAN (2001) Life Between Buildings – Using public space 5th edition, translated by Jo Koch Skive: The Danish Architectural Press
Articles
GÖTEBORG STAD-2 (2017) Om Trängselskatt Online, available from: http://goteborg.se/wps/portal?uri=gbglnk%3agbg.page.4b88ab89-1b59-4dbc9cb3-895018fce577 Accessed: 2017.03.31 ISSIT MARK (2010) Bilarna tog över stadslivet Gothenburg: Göteborgs Posten 2010.07.29 LARSSON ARNE 2017 Bilen stjäl plats från kvinnorna (Interview with Karolina Skog) Göteborgsposten 2017.03.08 Online, available from: http://www.gp.se/nyheter/göteborg/bilen-stjäl-plats-från-kvinnorna-1.4187663 Accessed: 2017.03.16 STADSBYGGNADSKONTORET-1 (2011) Underlag och fördjupning Program för Grönsakstorget och Kungstorget Samrådshandling diarienummer 0912/08 Online, available from: http://goteborg.se/wps/portal?uri=gbglnk%3agbg.page.bb7386fd-1152-47cb9da4-d06bd7780a77&projektid=BN0912/08 Accessed: 2017.04.03
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CV
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semester - Internship at Reiulf Ramstad Arkitekter
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semester – Studio Tectonic Culture // Biodiversity Pavilion
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semester – Studio Transformation of Architectural Heritage
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// Culture School - Transformation
semester - Studio Transformation of Architectural Heritage
// Thesis - Reinterpretation
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Special thanks to Niels Nygaard Helena & Ove
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