Issue XI | December 2015 frontale-india.com
THE CHANGING FACE & FUNCTIONALITY OF FACADES
INSIDE ARTICLES
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The Changing Face & Functionality Of Facades Jay Shah, Access Architects, Mumbai
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The Changing Face & Functionality Of Facades Nitin Killawala, Group Seven Architects & Planners, Mumbai
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The Changing Face & Functionality Of Facades Arbaysis Ashley, The Ashleys, Mumbai
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Energy Efficiency With Modular Window Designs M.bp. Dipl.-Ing. Manuel Demel, Ift Rosenheim
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PROJECT
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The Newtown School, Kolkata - Abin Design Studio
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Aqua Vista - Seema Puri Mullan
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STUDENT’S CORNER Rethinking Windows & Façade Systems
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Design A Green House
16
INDUSTRY NEWS Veka India
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
EDITORIAL | THE CHANGING FACE & FUNCTIONALITY OF FACADES FENSTERBAU FRONTALE INDIA was launched 6 years ago with the aim of providing a dedicated, niche and focused platform for the window, door and façade industry in India. Being the Indian edition of the world renowned trade fair- FENSTERBAU FRONTALE which takes place every alternate year in Nuremberg Germany, FFI has managed to cement its position as a must attend event for the industry in India. Architects, fabricators, developers, and specifiers converge at the exhibition to discuss how aesthetics and design trends can be reconciled with energy-efficient building. The façade and fenestration industry in India has evolved enormously over the last few years. More complex and customised window systems and façade solutions are being sought. Specifiers and consultants are paying greater attention to fenestration solutions in addition to HVAC to optimise the whole building envelope. Projects and Case Studies presented in this Tabloid explain the methodology being followed to achieve sustainability and energy efficiency through building envelope. These are actual case studies of successful completion of projects and would be of immense value to the readers. Visitors to the exhibition can see for themselves the latest innovations and products with advanced technology features. Delegates and visitors can interact with other experts in their respective fields and enhance their knowledge of new technology. We hope you enjoy reading this edition of the ‘FFI Tab’. Sonia Prashar Managing Director, NürnbergMesse India Pvt Ltd.
The real estate market in India is undergoing a phase where demands as well as capabilities are maturing. Clients, both corporate and retail, are demanding better performance from their building projects - lesser waste, better sustainability, more efficiency in material optimization, etc. Architectural firms are also building upon two generations of indigenous construction to create new forms and structural solutions. The supply chain has also become more robust, with global vendors seeking to use their extensive experience to cater to a new market. Challenges remain however - India’s climatic extremes and high pollution are still a notoriously difficult environment in which to maintain high performance. Newer technologies, such as sandwich solar panels, dynamic shading devices and double wall systems remain untested and untried. The notion that a facade must wrap the building ‘cheaply’ persists - conversely, it is the need of the hour for large developers and construction conglomerates to lead the way in using optimized facade design, incorporating the latest in technology that the industry has to offer. Performance for a facade system is only as strong as its weakest link. Designing a complex facade is as complex and critical as the structural frame of a building, but gets much lesser attention and that too at a later stage in the building. It is the need of the hour for building professionals to design the facades of their buildings for high performance and environmental sustainability. This tabloid aims to interrogate and delve deeper into this evolving role of facades especially Vis a Vis functionality. The collection of projects and articles has been attempted with this view, and hopes to address the more common concerns around this theme. Tanya Khanna Founder & Director, Epistle Communications
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
THE CHANGING FACE & FUNCTIONALITY OF FACADES - Jay Shah, Access Architects, Mumbai
There has been a gradual, but very noticeable shift from the use of conventional brickwork as a material for facades towards the use of interesting and diverse façade materials today. Never before has the construction industry been in an innovation mode like it is presently. Façade design has evolved into a building science with its own sophisticated tools for responding to increasingly challenging client demands and needs of the industry. The façade of a building is often a critical aspect from the design perspective. The façade creates the first impression and sets the tone for the rest of the building. It is therefore finally getting its due recognition with all the design experiments involving innovative materials and styles. Clients now want their buildings to represent who they are and their brands stand for. Due to this, end users are now becoming more and more intricately involved in the building design and the façade becomes the most important element. The facade combines attributes of both appearance as well as superior performance in a manner unlike any other building system.
façades in India and a lot of research is happening in this direction. Sustainable materials are now being considered for a large number of buildings. Combinations of glass, aluminum, steel, copper, zinc and composite materials
been clad with solid sheet cladding material since they are fire-resistant and also provide a good finish in terms of flatness on facades. Unitized glazing and other high pressure laminates like fundermax, trespa, prodema
have been explored in addition to terracotta and some traditional stone in some buildings.
amongst others are now being added as new facade products. These cladding materials give buildings an elegant look. However, Zinc, Copper and other metal cladding material are not highly recommended in view of environmental
There is no equivalent for aluminum composite panels. Some buildings have
conditions in India where many areas are prone to high dust conditions and weathering. With time, our buildings are growing vertically with high wind pressure which has necessitated the used of unitized curtain wall systems. Usually it’s an aluminum-framed wall containing infills of glass, metal panels or thin stone. The framing is attached to the building structure and does not carry the floor or roof loads of the building. The wind and gravity loads of the curtain wall are transferred to the building structure, typically at the floor line. Curtain walls become cost-competitive with standard systems as the wall area increases. In a way these systems are ventilated systems with better U-values and can withstand high wind loads. The specifications must therefore reflect the design intent and be written in a manner that the façade performance is specific when laminates, zinc, copper and steel are pre-tested components and hence get recommended for use in a building façade. The design and amalgamation of high performance facades with plausible wind resistance and water tightness certification provides an opportunity to increase performance benefits and saves unanticipated costs during the lifecycle of facades and windows. Another innovative development from an aesthetic point of view is the usage of slim aluminum windows and façade system, which are fully integrated into the architecture of the building. This maximizes vision area without compromising on significant performance parameters like wind resistance and sound insulation.
Current trends throw up a range of structural practices and lightweight building materials. The choices offered are innumerable and the benefits may differ depending on the customers’ needs. Today, the façade industry is providing a lot more than just glass and composite panels for spandrel areas. Rain screen façades and sun breakers are the modern imports in facades these days, Dual wall façades are being tried and tested and Building Integrated Photo Voltaic systems have been tried out in a small way. Parametric façade technology with Indian architectural concepts will be the next big thing for
One of the benefits of smart façades includes increased staff comfort, and as
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Facade and Fenestration News for India a direct result, improved productivity. From a technical perspective, the façade is of great importance due to its role in the energy efficiency. Façades have, principally, moved on from simply keeping the weather out, to becoming a statement, along with being sustainable. Increasing energy prices, climate change and the pressure to ensure buildings reflect sustainable building practices has brought about this change. In the past, add-ins such as photovoltaic and ‘living’ panels (panels that include flora) were included for decorative purposes, but in the future, these will be an integral part of good design. Dynamic modeling has become standard practice in industry. Using sophisticated programs, it is possible to model an entire building’s performance, from occupant comfort levels and possible cost-savings to be realized from different material choices, to how the building’s façade will affect the performance of other technologies within a building. This allows engineers to prove the impact of good design measures. Architectural tools such as Building Information Modeling softwares have become more sophisticated and are allowing engineers to accomplish more and more complex 3D designs and forcing them to stay ahead of this technology to ensure the designs can actually be built. Forward thinking developers understand that occupancy rates and demand are higher for buildings with high-tech façades and are increasingly investing in this aspect of their buildings in order to secure future paybacks. About Author Jay Shah, Director at Access Architects, is recognized for his commitment to design excellence. As a thought leader in technology, he has pioneered the use of computing for better design and new construction materials and methodology for cost efficient and faster execution. He has completed his Bachelors of Architecture at K.R.V.I.A, Mumbai and his Masters in Advanced Architectural Design from Columbia University, New York. After working in New York, he chose to
return to his hometown Mumbai to join Access Architects. Mr. Shah at the age of 30 is already well recognized for his leadership in Sustainability and usage of new technology and being able to appropriate it for the specific needs of each project and client. He has given numerous Keynote addresses at conferences and was chosen as one of twelve emerging architects of India by Modern Green Structure Magazine. Formed in 1981, Access Architects creates innovative and sustainable environments in response to today’s rapidly changing culture. They combine the disciplines of architecture, interior design and graphic design under one roof, providing clients with the resources they need to conceive and execute a project seamlessly inside and out. It is well recognized as one of the first offices to adopt computers to design buildings in the early 90’s and is now a pioneer in the use of BIM software, 3d scanners and printers to design better living environments. To allow for cost effective and fast construction, they were one of the first to use aluminum shuttering as well as pneumatic shuttering systems for high rise buildings in India. More recently, they are using Steel and Precast concrete technology in a proprietary blend that complements the economics of development and the contemporary Indian ethos. They have a wide range of projects, including 2 residential projects on the ultra luxurious Altamount road, 5 completed buildings in Bandra Kurla Complex including Sofitel, a 5 star plus Luxury Hotel. They also recently completed The Ruby, the tallest commercial building in India. Some of their clients include the top developers in India, Fortune 500 Companies and numerous happy families occupying more than a million homes designed by them.
INVITING ARCHITECTS AND CONSULTANTS TO CONTRIBUTE ARTICLES AND PROJECTS THAT DEMONSTRATE FACADE INNOVATION write to us at: ffi@nm-india.com
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
THE CHANGING FACE & FUNCTIONALITY OF FACADES - Nitin Killawala, Group Seven Architects & Planners, Mumbai The Facade of a building is like the face of a human being in many ways. Face is the first impression of a person which impacts his\her personality, and similarly the initial impact of any structure is the facade. When one is used to seeing a person with glasses and if they are removed, may be the face without glasses may seem indifferent. It also happens with the buildings when it is cladded with a certain layer of screens or even embellished projections emerging from the main face of the building.
and negative impacts both from outside and inside the structure. These days many buildings are cladded with glass even on a dead wall!
I strongly believe that the facade of a building is and should be the manifestation of the user of that particular building- whether a residential building or a school or factory. One need not go the extra mile to show -off the facade through layers of pediments and a variety of materials. Even a dead wall of an auditorium could look robust, when juxtaposed and seen with the overall context of the surrounding structures.
Lastly it is very important to use any building material in most appropriate way and must justify the intent of the project...even if it is for a funny facade!
Classically, sun-breakers, chajjas, pardis, jarookhas, cornices, grooves are design tools used to not only give protection to windows and openings, but to create an interest in the façade and they are while being sustainable. Over the last few years, many building materials and products have come into the construction industry especially for cladding purposes. Depending upon the need, clever cladding helps in insulating the building’s external surface, provides sharp and plumb edges and protects the building from weathering. Often, it also helps in totally transforming the form of the building thus creating stunning facades. Often, we use some natural materials like stone, gravels or marble to enhance certain features of the building. Simultaneously, we use steel or aluminum or even zinc -titanium with perforation, textures and colours- industrial products that are very versatile and easy to maintain. The most popular facade material is the glass. It is the most used and abused because it needs great understanding for its positive
Events like ‘Fensterbau Frontale India’ are very important for all stakeholders in creating awareness of various technologically advanced materials. These also enable a better understanding of the products available in the market that are essentially manufactured for exterior use and are also often used innovatively for interiors.
About Author Nitin Killawala, Graduated in Architecture from Bombay in 1974 and gained invaluable professional experience with the then M.P., Mr. Piloo Mody for next four years. Formed Group Seven Architects & Planners Pvt. Ltd. and won several Architectural competitions. He has been awarded for the Excellence in Architecture on several occasions such as JIIA, IIID , JK Awards, etc. His works are regularly featured in Professional magazines and periodicals and has been visiting faculty in several architectural colleges. He is the Past President of Institute of Indian Interior Designers. He has been actively involved with NGOs’ in spearheading movement for integrated transport plan for the city of Mumbai. He strongly believes that advantage of good design should percolate to the masses. He has been actively involved with NGOs’ in spearheading movement for integrated transport plan for the City of Mumbai.
Your Alulux Specialist:
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Falcon Contracts Pvt. Ltd. rishab@falconcontracts.com +91-9810000714 www.alulux.com,www.falconcontracts.com
Facade and Fenestration News for India
THE CHANGING FACE & FUNCTIONALITY OF FACADES - Arbaysis Ashley, The Ashleys, Mumbai Façade design has seen a long route of evolution from the days of painting to stone cladding to the new age glass façades and even the very fluid forms of facades with software-driven designs emerging. Facades have become not just the face, but literally intelligent building skins. Of all that is available from metal fabric skins, to glass panels, composite panels and CNC cut panels in variety of materials, there is one thing that resonates the most with me on a personal note- and that is digital façades. Digital façades for me is new age as it is the integration of technology with design, makes the building come alive and is not static. So I am going to pick on a variety of case studies across the globe including a mall design which we envisaged.
Facades a medium to showcase a new form of art in architecture The term Media Facade is often associated with over-dimensional screens and animated, illuminated advertising are trailblazers for media architecture. The façade itself is dematerialized and turned into one huge advertising medium for sending messages. At the onset of dusk, the building moves into the background and serves only as a backdrop for the light show which then becomes the main attraction. Media facades can evoke the most diverse emotions, from a big city feeling to annoyance at light pollution. Architecture tends to use media facades more and more as a stylistic feature. What used to be applied to facades after construction more in the way of a blemish is now part of the planning process and offers new scope for visionary design that coined the term ‘Mediatecture’.
Designed and conceptualized by The Ashleys The mall is generally envisaged as a public space within which people gather to shop and get entertained. To take this experience to a whole new level, the space within offers engagement and the whole structure itself comes alive in the night. The Building becomes a beautiful lighting show as the skin fluidly changes colors and patterns digitally controlled. The intent was to make people gather around and come to view the structure not just for what it stores within, but for the spectacular show it offers. The same skin during the day time turns around in concept and becomes a skin that offers high branding engagement that is one of its kinds in the city.
Skyscraper Facade Visualizes the Music People in China Are Downloading
One of the largest media facades in the world: Galleria Centercity, Cheonan, Korea - MONDO
Design Concept for a Mall Façade - By The Ashleys
A new building in China has a real-time responsive LED facade that translates music downloads into dancing colours. This is no passive-aggressive, we know you’re downloading music, experiment, though. Designed by Shenzhen-based UNIT Studio, the skyscraper houses new Chinese music download company A8 Music. Not only does the building celebrate music streaming, but it’s a sensory spectacle in which locals get to see sounds in an interactive and hi-tech manner. The LEDs on the facade or organized in a system known as the Scriabin keyboard, where notes and tones are assigned a specific color—a methodical explanation of synaesthesia. A8’s building takes things to the next level by visualizing both Internet streaming data and sound waves. It only helps that the building’s facade is shaped to emulate sound waves, too.
Icelanders Played A Massive Game Of PONG On An Olafur Eliasson Building Created in cooperation with Harpa and Vodafone, concept designer Atli Bollason and multimedia technologist Owen Hindley teamed up to play a massive game of PONG—using a building facade as their game screen. Co-opting the face of the Olafur Elíasson-designed Harpa concert hall, the interactive multimedia art piece,
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Facade and Fenestration News for India PONG, employs smartphones, connected to an exclusive Wifi network, to control the game’s paddles in real time on the building’s 714 individually controlled LED windows.
Elíasson granted other artists the ability to use Harpa’s high-tech lighting system. While placing the project on the building was no cakewalk—Hindley employed three simultaneous Node.js servers to run the game—here’s to hoping Harpa opens its windows to more futuristic gaming events like these. About Author Arbaysis Ashley - Meet a rare mélange of being Artistic and Fortunate Architect Arbaysis Ashley, co-founder of The Ashleys with fellow architect and partner wife Pooja. In the 4th year Raheja College of Architecture, Arbaysis bagged the Reubens Trophy at the National Association of Architecture, bringing back the glorious statuette that the institute had won 10 long years ago. When he claimed the Best Thesis Award in his 5th year for his work on fire temples. The idea was to demystify religion keeping in mind values of the religion and social sentiments, with a scientific, social and historical perspective that evolved into a design solution unique to fire temple architecture.
Inviting anyone in Reykjavik to join in on the fun, PONG was a high-tech spectacle of enormous proportions, an ode not only to the possibilities of relational, participatory art, but to the enduring simplicity of the world’s first video game. Plus, it was a big step for all of the artists involved, as PONG was the first time
Architect Arbaysis holds both a Bachelor of Architecture degree from L. S. Raheja School of Architecture, Mumbai. He is an active member of the Rotary Bombay Bayview , TiE, BNI and many more organisation
PRESS RELEASE
“GERMAN SUBSIDIARIES IN INDIA TO BENEFIT FROM CHANCELLOR ANGELA MARKEL’S VISIT TO INDIA” – Rajesh Chawla, Director, VEKA India Mumbai: Following the recent visit of German Chancellor Angela Merkel to India, VEKA India, a subsidiary of VEKA AG – the world’s second largest manufacturers of windows and doors systems has reiterated its plans to expand in India by introducing new products specific to the Indian market and by expanding its geographic footprint. The US 1.4 Billion company is one of the pioneers of uPVC door and windows systems in India and has recently completed ten years in India.
Europe and America. Being rigid, durable and recyclable besides being costeffective, this material is fast replacing the traditional wood or aluminium profiles across the world. With German technology on Indian turf, we intend to back the Make in India ideology with our commitment to quality offerings. With our latest range we hope to extend both choice and innovation to our customers and we are positive our profiles will be the future of window and door installations,” concludes Mr. Chawla.
“The visit of the Chancellor is not only expected to boost trade ties between the two nations but is also expected to help German subsidiaries entrench their businesses in India. Both the leaders were very clear in their communication. While the Indian PM focussed on facilitating ease of doing business in India, removing concerns of investors and driving growth through software, the German Chancellor focused on the fusion of India’s IT expertise and German Engineering. Ms. Merkel also welcomed the fast-track approval agreement signed on Monday. This will ensure that German companies have a single point of contact with the Indian government, and thus avoid the layers of bureaucracy,” says Mr. Rajesh Chawla, Director, VEKA India.
About VEKA India: In India, the company started operations in Gurgaon – Delhi NCR a decade ago. Today, VEKA India is vendor to some of the leading companies and has provided uPVC window and door systems to India’s premier and well-designed homes and offices. Its 20,000 sq. ft. facility in Navi Mumbai houses a state-of-the-art warehouse and distribution set up, a fabrication training workshop and a Window Testing rig along with an application centre. VEKA India, as a part of the worldwide VEKA Group, remains a wholly family-owned business, just as it has always been since its foundation in 1967.
In line with the Indian Prime Minister’s ‘Make in India’ vision, VEKA India will also be looking at boosting its growth by manufacturing the systems domestically at its facility in India in the near future. Currently its 20,000 sq feet facility in Navi Mumbai has a sophisticated display centre as well as German made state-of-the-art testing rig to test windows for water and air tightness and other performance criteria. “The exacting standards and precision engineering that Germany is world renowned for are adopted by us to create uPVC windows and door systems that are suitable for Indian conditions,” added Mr. Chawla. “When VEKA AG entered the Indian market in 2003, the uPVC door and windows market was very rudimentary. We have invested time and efforts in familiarising the Indian market with the benefits of uPVC fenestration and are planning on rapid expansion from here on.”
About VEKA AG: A US $ 1.4 Billion Group company with its origins in Germany, VEKA has been a leading player in the uPVC industry for almost as long as the material has been used for door and window frames. The Group employs more than 3600 people through 25 subsidiaries in three continents around the world. Its manufacturing facilities are spread across Germany, Great Britain, France, Spain, Poland, USA, Russia, Mexico, China & Malaysia. The VEKA Group generated US $ 896 million turnover in 2013. Internationally, more than 2200 fabricators use VEKA systems to create topquality uPVC products.
Between India and Germany, there is good room for expansion despite an annual trade volume of 16 billion Euros and German businesses want to emphasize their contribution in the making of smart industries’ age. “The overall market size of PVC window profiles in India is about 40,000 tons in an annum. In Germany, VEKA by itself surpasses the figure in less than a month. Today, uPVC is the popular choice for windows and doors in all of
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
THE NEWTOWN SCHOOL, KOLKATA - A project by Abin Design Studio
This school faรงade project came to us at a stage when the construction of the 2 academic blocks was already underway. The blocks were rather generic, with 6 floors of classrooms, labs, and other facilities arranged towards the periphery around matching central courtyards. Our brief was to work within these existing parameters to make a school. So we developed a design program in terms of circulation, movement, ventilation, classrooms and other concerns. Keeping in mind the location of the school in the Newtown Area of Kolkata, and its simple surroundings, this school needed to make an impact and establish a distinct identity. The locality is planned in a radial grid and the site for the school is curved along the longer edges. One approaches the site along the inner curve and the blocks are placed at a slight angle facing each other very slightly. They are separated by an active play area. The school also has a swimming pool on its grounds. Of the 2-acre plot, the school occupies approximately 1,60,000 sq ft. of floor space. The first step was to create an identity for the school. Our approach was to create a screen that wraps around the buildings and unifies them visually. Also, we intended for the central courtyards of the buildings to merge with the play area creating a seamless connection between junior and senior school. Due to a restriction in program, this ground level connection was not possible. However, the screen was created with a strong character so that its continuous application across the buildings by itself would prove to be a unifying element. Graphical representations of symbols, alphabets and numbers became an inspiration for the screen. Younger children relate to simple lines as letters of the alphabet and as they grow, abstractions of the same would start to look more like alpha, gamma and pi. Thus, Familiar shapes and symbols were used to create a bespoke stencil screen around the existing unremarkable building mass. The facade not only provides shade to the classrooms from the harsh sun but also lends the school a distinct identity.
488 panels, made of Fibre-Reinforced Plastic (FRP), measuring 3.2 x 3.2 meters envelop each of the two academic blocks. 13 different panels were designed with a combination of small and large alphabets, numbers and symbols. These have been placed in various orientations to achieve a randomized effect on the faรงade. They are wrapped around the school blocks, an area of 27,000 sq ft each, creating a visually unified facade. Structural slabs were projected beyond the building surface all around in a way such that an exact number of panels would fit on all surfaces on the symmetrical cuboids. This also enabled simpler servicing of the panels from the back and ensured a better light quality for the building. A small scale study model was created in-house to understand the same and make a decision on treatment of the panels, the walls and the windows behind the screen. A mild steel frame work was devised in a grid like manner on the projected slabs to align with the FRP panels. A fixing detail using steel Z-profiles embedded into the FRP panels was developed to fix these 70kg panels to this M.S. support structure. The grey walls and windows background brings out the white FRP screen in all its glory. Starting with a sample of the module and fixing detail to manufacturing, shipping, complete installation, painting and cleaning, the faรงade system took 4 months to complete on site. The effect is exactly what we hoped for with its dramatic expression and unmistakable identity.
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
These 2 structures having been dealt with elaborately, there was a third small service block on the far side of the site which would stick out as a sore thumb if not properly handled and would be overbearing if over-designed. This block was thus treated in the same projected slabs and M.S. framework manner but with simple vertical aluminium fins. The contrast was eliminated and the walls, windows and fins were all treated with the same shade of grey along with rolling shutters, doors, etc. This block is neither eye-catching nor bold, but a subtly and aesthetically disappearing mass that helps to clearly demarcate the public zone from the back-end areas.
About Abin Design Studio Abin Design Studio began in October, 2005 under the leadership of Abin Chaudhuri. At ADS, we believe architecture is an artistic expression as far as it transcends its purely utilitarian, technical and rational realm and turns into a metaphoric expression of the lived world, context and human condition. Our aim is to provide a ‘soul in the shell’.
THE NEWTOWN SCHOOL, KOLKATA Location: Kolkata, West Bengal, India Land Area: 2 acres Built-up Area: 15,000 sq.m. Completion: April 2015 Client: Savitri Educational Foundation Façade, Interiors and Landscape Design and Architectural Intervention: Abin Design Studio Structural Consultant: SPA Consultants Facade Fabricators and Consultants: Annex Design Pvt. Ltd. Signage Fabricator: Ins & Out Materials used: Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene, Mild Steel Team: Abin Chaudhuri, Paromita Chatterjee, Poorvi Dugar Ajmera Photographs by: Ravi Kanade
We believe architecture is not merely about creation, it is a search. From social aspects to the mechanics of spaces and forms, from the beauty of light and shadow to striking a harmony with nature, it is essentially a continuing process of discovery and cohesion in the world. The journey is what contributes to our growth. Completed projects of ADS have earned us numerous accolades. Our work has secured the International Architecture Award at the Chicago Athenaeum, 2015 and in 2014, was selected by the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York for publication and a travelling exhibition. Today, ADS is one of the best known design firms in the country. Being featured in the South Asian cross-border list of ’50 most influential names in architecture and design for 2015’, ADS has bagged more than 40 international and national awards and innumerable publications over a slim span of 10 years. With every project, we feel ourselves becoming more mature. We see a finesse developing and we realise that we still have a long way to go. However, we also notice that we have learnt something at the end of the day. This spirit of learning from everything around us is what keeps our fire burning.
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
ENERGY EFFICIENCY WITH MODULAR WINDOW DESIGNS - M.BP. Dipl.-Ing. Manuel Demel, ift Rosenheim
Intelligent use of components and assessment in accordance with Energy Label 1. Energy efficiency equals thermal insulation?! Energy efficiency means low consumption and high efficiency in covering the demand. It is therefore natural that energy efficiency of windows is often associated with thermal insulation. The thermal insulation of buildings is based on the basic requirement for maintaining buildings, the requirement for maintaining a hygienic room climate in order to protect the health of inhabitants and on saving energy for heating and cooling [8]. This calls for the prevention of uncontrolled heat loss and the formation of condensate as well as for maintaining comfort criteria. The general parameter describing the thermal qualities of a window is thermal transmittance UW. The UW value indicates the quantity of energy per time unit which is transmitted through 1 m² of area when both adjoining air layers are stationary and the temperature differs by 1 K. The U value plays an increasingly important role in the development of new and innovative window designs. For this reason, thermal transmittance Uf of window frames is specified as a briefing parameter for the design of new product series. In addition, the U value is intended to provide end consumers with an aid for assessing the qualities of a product. The question arises however as to whether the U value can really be taken as the only definitive assessment of a window’s thermal insulation qualities and energy efficiency. This paper identifies and assesses all thermal parameters which, from current and future perspectives, should be taken into account for the definition of thermal insulation in accordance with the definition of energy efficiency.
• tabulated values listed in EN ISO 10077-2 or EN ISO 10456 • values which were established in accordance with the respective product standard (e.g. for insulation material) • national/international technical approval documents • measuring the thermal conductivity using appropriate processes.
Fig. 2 Different ways of determination of the thermal transmittance (U-value) by tables, calculation and measurement. The results of thermal conductivity measurements may only be used when there is no tabulated value or any approval or product standard available for the respective material. This is in order to prevent the use of different values for thermal conductivity for known standard materials in the calculation of thermal transmittance. When carrying out measurements it is also necessary to ensure that the tested materials are representative of the entire production and that any ageing effects are taken into account. At least three measurements have to be carried out from which the so-called declared value should be determined using the statistical methods specified in ISO 10456. If only one measurement is available, the respective thermal conductivity is multiplied by a factor of 1.25.
Fig. 1 Energy gain window
2. It’s all about the parameters The thermal insulation quality of a window is assessed by computing all transmission and ventilation losses and any solar energy gains. The EN 14351-1 [15] product standard for windows specifies how these performance characteristics have to be established and stated to be able to place a certain product on the European market (CE mark) and this principle of defining a product is also a benchmark in many countries out of Europe.
2.1 Transmission heat losses The transmission heat loss of a window depends on the thermal transmittance of its various parts, such as frame, glazing and spacers, and the size of the window. The UW value can be established from tables, by measuring using the hot box method or by calculation. Thermal transmittance for frames, i.e. Uf is determined by two-dimensional calculation using the finite element method (FEM) [10]. ISO 10077-2, which is the basic standard for this, has been revised in recent years. As part of this revision, clear rules have been specified for determining the method by which the thermal conductivity of materials has to be obtained for the purpose of the FEM simulation:
Fig. 3 System for calculation of the thermal transmittance (Uf-value) of windows (U-frame) The calculation method specified in ISO 10077-2 is an alternative to the test method described in EN 12412-2 (hot box method) [13]. In cases where no physical or geometric data are available, or test specimen with complex geometric shapes have to be assessed, the hot box method is preferred. In accordance with EN 1279-5 [7], thermal transmittance Ug for glazing is preferably to be determined by calculation in accordance with EN 673 [5]. In cases where it is not possible to calculate thermal transmittance, it is to be determined by test in accordance with EN 674 or EN 675. In order to calculate the Ug values, the following parameters are required: the nominal thickness of the glass panes, the nominal distance between the glass panes, the emissivity έ, which is provided by the glass manufacturer, and the nominal gas concentration ci,o or the final gas concentration ci,f (see EN 1279-3). Alternatively, it is possible to use the Ug values from Table C.2 in ISO 10077-1 [9]. Usually the Ug values are provided by the manufacturers of insulating glass units.
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Facade and Fenestration News for India 3. Establishing the energy balance The contribution of windows to the energy efficiency of buildings still has priority in new designs as well as refurbishment projects. In order to be able to sensibly assess the effect of windows, we need sufficiently precise test methods and procedures to be able to determine and designate valid parameters for the various components. Individual parameters for the different building components such as U and g values and airtightness classes are on their own not transparent enough for the end consumer, since the mutual interaction between the different parameters is not apparent. The proportion of energy losses versus energy gains not only depends on the window design, but also on the window’s position in the building and external climatic conditions. Fig. 4 Consideration of tolerances i.e. of insulated glass The linear thermal transmittances Ψ for spacers, can be taken from Tables E.1 and E.2 of ISO 10077-1 [9]. Ψ-values of thermally improved spacers can also be determined in accordance with ISO 10077-2. In order to simplify the comparability of different spacer systems and the handling of complex geometries the ift Rosenheim, in cooperation with manufacturers, has produced the ift Guideline WA-08. This ift Guideline defines rules for the calculation of linear thermal transmittances Ψ and the calculation or measurement of the representative thermal conductivity λeq,2B.
2.2 Ventilation heat losses The heat losses caused by infiltration can be determined with the help of joint permeability an. In its quality and test regulations published in 1964, the Quality Association for Windows had defined limit values for the joint permeability a of windows. These values were:
In the past, energy losses were offset against energy gains and the result given as equivalent thermal transmittance [2]. As shown above, windows are subject to a number of influences and interactions and cannot therefore be characterised by the U and g values alone. There are additional methods which can be used to calculate the energy efficiency of a window in a holistic way. For the purpose of a coordinated European approach, it is desirable to determine a unified method on the basis of a European statutory instrument such as ISO 18292 [17]. The European directive [3] on the energy performance of buildings stipulates the assessment of components that are relevant for the consumption of energy (e.g. windows) including solar screening devices. The designation and classification takes account of the energy efficiency of the window in winter (heating and solar gain) and in summer (avoiding overheating through solar screening devices) and provides guide values for daylight use. The ift Rosenheim has developed an on-line tool for practical application which makes it possible to carry out the calculations and produce a holistic energy label in a user-friendly way.
• a ≤ 1.0 m³/hm for windows with seals • a ≤ 2.0 m³/hm for windows without seals. For CE marking in accordance with the EN 14351-1 product standard, two airtightness tests (positive and negative pressure) are required as per EN 1026 [6]. In these tests the air quantity is determined in relation to the test pressure and related to the length of the opening joint (in metres) and the square area of the entire element (in square metres). The air permeability determined in this way is expressed as the Q100 value. The result should be classified in accordance with EN 12207 [12].
Fig. 6 Performance and classification of windows based of simulation of windows by ift online tool
4. Sources Fig. 5 Energy label as simple way to express the quality of the energy efficiency of windows
2.3 Solar energy input Solar energy gains through the glazing of a window can be expressed in terms of the total energy transmittance g. The g value is the sum of the direct solar radiation transmission and the release of heat to the inside. Light transmittance denotes the light transmission of a glass unit related to the visible wave length range of 380 nm to 780 nm. The product standard for windows, EN 14351-1, specifies that the total energy transmittance g and the light transmittance of transparent glass should be determined in accordance with EN 410 [4] or, if applicable, EN 13363-1 or EN 13363-2 (reference method). For this purpose it is important to note that solar gains are desirable in winter but may lead to increased internal temperatures in summer. Appropriate measures such as external solar screening (Fc value) are necessary in order to protect the interior against excessive temperatures.
[1] Sieberath, Ulrich; Niemöller, Christian Comment on EN 14351-1 Windows and Doors with supplements (Amendment) A1:2010, product standard, performance characteristics, 2nd updated and extended issue ift Rosenheim, December 2010. [2] Directive on thermal insulation of buildings for the purpose of energy conservation (Heat Insulation Ordinance) dated 16 August 1994 [3] DIRECTIVE 2010/30/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL of 19 May 2010 on declaring the use of energy and other resources through products relevant for the consumption of energy, using uniform labels and product information [4] EN 410:2011 Glass in building – Determination of luminous and solar characteristics of glazing Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH [5] EN 673:2011 Glass in building – Determination of thermal transmittance (U value) – Calculation methods Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH [6] EN 1026 Windows and Doors – Air permeability – Test procedures Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH
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Facade and Fenestration News for India [7] EN 1279-5:2005+A2:2010 Glass in building – Insulating glass units – Part 5: Evaluation of conformity Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH [8] DIN 4108-2:2003 Thermal insulation and energy economy in buildings– Part 2: Minimum requirements to thermal insulation Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH [9] ISO 10077-1:2006 + AC:2009 Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters – Calculating the thermal transmittance – Part 1: General Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH [10] ISO 10077-2:2012/Cor. 1:2012(E) Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal transmittance - Part 2: Numerical method for frames Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH [11] ISO 10456:2007 + AC:2009 Building materials and products – Hygrothermal properties – Tabulated design values and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values Berlin:Beuth Verlag GmbH [12] EN 12207:1999 Windows and Doors – Air permeability – Classification Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH [13] EN 12412-2:2003 Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal transmittance by hot box method – Part 2: Frames Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH [14] DIN EN ISO 12567-1:2010 Thermal performance of windows and doors - Calculation of thermal transmittance by hot box method – Part 1: Complete windows and doors Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH [15] EN 14351-1:2006+A1:2010
Windows and doors – Product standard, performance characteristics - Part 1: Windows and external doors without fire resistance and/or smoke protection characteristics Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH [16] EN ISO 14438:2002 Glass in building - Determination of energy balance value – Calculation method Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH [17] ISO 18292:2011/Cor.1:2012(E) Energy performance of fenestration systems for residential buildings - Calculation procedure Berlin: Beuth Verlag GmbH About Author M.BP. Dipl.-Ing. Manuel Demel, Product engineer building physics - 2009 Studied Interior Outfitting at the Faculty for Timber Technology and Construction, University of Applied Sciences Rosenheim - 2010 Master of Building Physics postgraduate course at the Chair for Building Physics, Stuttgart University - 2010 Test Engineer at the ift Centre for Building Physics, ift Rosenheim - 2011 Dep. Head of Laboratory and Test Engineer at the Laboratory for ComputerAided Simulation, ift Rosenheim - 2011 Building Physics Product Engineer at the BU for External Construction Components, ift Rosenheim - 2011 Deputy Head of Test Department (Building Physics), ift Rosenheim
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
AQUA VISTA - A project by Seema Puri Mullan
Designing a building has a dual responsibility; one towards the end users so as to guarantee them meaningful spaces and views, while also simultaneously creating architecture which is relevant to the fabric of the city yet adds a sculptural charm to it. We feel that architecture for the unknown end user is about striking a fine balance between the familiar and the unexpected. This building reflects an attempt to combine the familiar with the new, the traditional with today. It achieves this fine balance by working with age old solutions in a technologically savvy structure. This is a residential project coming up at Mahim, which is part of a slum rehabilitation scheme. The first 5 levels of the podium are used for parking, the sixth is a service slab, and the seventh level is the entertainment and amenities level. We’ve tried to incorporate all the amenities which are required in today’s hectic lifestyle such as a Spa, A Swimming pool, various indoor and outdoor sports. The floor plans incorporate four flats a floor, which are all three bedroom apartments. The double height decks which are designed along the South side facing the sea, are up to the twenty second floor. The configuration of the upper floors reduces from four apartments on a floor to three apartments on a floor as these are larger four bedroom apartments. These are the most premium apartments as they will get beautiful uninterrupted views of the sea.
About Author Seema Puri Mullan – Principle Architect, having completed her Government Diploma in Architecture (G.D.Arch) from Rachana Sansad’s “ACADEMY OF ARCHITECTURE” Mumbai in 1991, she worked for a number of years before setting up her own practice in 1998. Her practice has conceptualized, designed and executed a wide range of Architectural and Interior projects of diverse nature ranging from Corporate buildings, Residential Schemes, Showrooms, Cafeterias and Private Bungalows.
Finally to sum it up, what we hope to achieve is a design that seeks to blur the boundaries between inside and outside, between traditional and today, makes a meaningful architectural statement in the urban context while creating a residential space that draws one back to it, day after day!!!
Award won in Residential Building Category: In October 2003, by Indian Institute of Architects for Sukhwani Bungalow at Pune. Award won in Best Residential Category: In October 2008, by IAD for another bungalow in Pune (Homestead). Award won in Best Architect Merchandise: In October 2009, by IAD for Jewellery showroom Batukbhai and Sons, at Nagpur. Award won in Commercial Category : In November 2011, by Society Interiors for Notan Heights at Mumbai. She is recently working on a large number of Commercial & Residential buildings in Mumbai & Delhi. The firm offers a complete design solution from concept stage to execution.
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
Rosenheim Window and Façade Conference 2015 - ‘Rethinking Windows & Façade Systems’ - Snober Khan, Morphogenesis, Delhi
The 2015 Rosenheim Window and Façade Conference was focused on quality, safety and security owing to a demand to find solutions to counter natural disasters, burglaries and other external factors. It also aimed at providing better solutions from an energy standpoint. The Organiser, ift Rosenheim is an internationally renowned facility and leading authority for testing and setting quality control standards for the façade and fenestration industry. Equipped with state-of-the-art laboratories and experts from various fields, ift focuses on practice-oriented, integrated and fast testing thus providing test certificates and CE marking for windows, facades, doors, glass and building materials. It aims to achieve sustainable improvements in product quality, design and engineering, and participation in standardisation and research work. In the opening address, the Mayor of the city of Rosenheim, Gabriele Bauer, urged people to be supportive and adjusting towards the current refugee crisis. She then commended the efforts and achievements of ift Rosenheim and the Rosenheim University of Applied Sciences. It was interesting to note that audio assist was provided for the few non-German speaking individuals and speeches were translated to English owing to international participation from Japan, Romania, Russia, India, etc. The conference held multiple sessions simultaneously. The session conducted by Norbet Sack on ‘Warm edge for Windows and facades’ provided technical insight for the calculation of U-value and highlighted the importance of linear thermal transmittance, the heat loss resulting from the mounting of the glazing in the frame with just the individual thermal transmittance of components (frame and glazing). Hence, proper frame profile, glass configuration and installation technics are imperative for better U-values.
in indoor spaces was discussed, with one of the solutions being perforated metal louvres that help in visual transmittance while obstructing direct sunlight. Also, a solution for condensation on facades was demonstrated by providing slots at the bottom and top of wall face supporting the curtain glazing to enable ventilation. On day two of the conference, delegates were taken to the testing facility to witness the standardisation process, which included testing for sound proofing, window pressure test for air, wind and water, durability and impact resistance against theft and break-in. Additionally, ift maintained testing equipment for climate load, mechanical load, radiation, thermal and chemical transmittance, fire safety and calibration services. The ift office building was of particular interest to me. Thanks to Mr. Jürgen BenitzWildenburg, who organised an informative tour of the building on my request. Here, I witnessed the application of all high-end technologies in window and façade systems demonstrated by the ift academy- automated system of shading control with perforated louvres, use of triple glazing windows with external and the use of UV panels on the external wall facade well integrated with aesthetic was particularly interesting. The office building also had a striking interior design with modern interactive meeting spaces and simple partition system between workspaces with curtains/fabric. I am grateful to the team of FENSTERBAU FRONTALE INDIA, ift Rosenheim and AluK Building systems for presenting me with the opportunity to attend Rosenheimer Fenstertage. It was a fantastic learning experience. About Author
This was followed by session on ‘Solar shading’ which illustrated simple diagrams for thermal insulation calculation in summer thus helping in energy efficiency by reducing use of renewable resources for heating/cooling of building. The Energy Conservation Directive (EnEV) specifies requirements for thermal insulation in buildings and is based on methods of solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) and building simulation calculation. The speaker, Michael Rossa developed a simplified diagram method for such calculation. In this method, the most unfavorable room is chosen based on factors such as existence of passive cooling, number of openings, amount of solar gain, etc. for thermal insulation calculation. With data inputs of the window area, net floor area of the room and the maximum total energy transmittance of glazing system, thermal insulation requirement can be calculated. Examples were illustrated by graphs plotted between window area and net floor area. Manuel Demel, speaker for session ‘Insulation glass 0.4’ demonstrated the effect of glazing layers on U-value. Different types of glass currently available are low-e coated single glazing, double glazing, double glazing with gas filled (air, Argon, Krypton), triple glazing, quadruple glazing and so on. The U-values drastically decrease from double glazing (1.1 W/m2K; 24mm thk) to triple (0.5 W/m2K; 48mm thk) however not so much from triple to quadruple (0.3 W/m2K; 76mm thk) where cost and weight increase radically. Hence, alternate solutions are provided by innovation in insulation glass technology for better U-values which include – Lamina insulated glass, Pressure equalized insulating glass, thin glass technology, vacuum insulation glass. However, there are some challenges faced such as edge problems, manufacturing, condensation, etc. In another lecture, quality of light
Snober Khan (3rd from right) graduated from the School of Planning and Architecture in 2015 and is currently working with Morphogenesis- one of the leading Architectural firms in New Delhi. She was the winner of the first Student Competition held during FENSTERBAU FRONTALE INDIA 2015 in Bangalore and was given an opportunity to visit Rosenheimer Fenstertage in Germany.
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
STUDENT COMPETITION - “DESIGN A GREEN HOUSE”
An interactive Student Competition was organised at Sushant School of Art and Architecture, Gurgaon, in collaboration with REHAU Polymers Pvt. Ltd. The topic for the competition was ‘Design a Green House’. Students were required to design a glasshouse in a hypothetical scenario of a cold climatic location. The various technicalities such as ventilation, heating and carbon dioxide enrichment had to be kept in mind while designing the same. They were given 1 hour to complete their designs. REHAU Polymers has been indulging in various activities related to Green building and uPVC doors and windows, and hence associated with the team of FENSTERBAU FRONTALE INDIA in organizing an informative and educational session with the college. Expertise and innovative spirit have made REHAU a leading systems and service provider for polymer-based solutions in construction and automotive industry. Apart from the competition, another highlight of the session was a brief presentation given by Mr. Ullas Guliani from REHAU. He briefed the students about various aspects of uPVC doors and windows mentioning how the buildings in today’s ‘ecofriendly’ time have to qualify to exacting parameters of low U-value and stringent air leakage levels. Students participated enthusiastically in both the design competition and the presentation. The post presentation Q & A session was particularly interesting and invigorating. As the concept of uPVC doors and windows is still in a nascent stage in the country, it was a good opportunity to engage future architects and explain the benefits of the product.
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
INDUSTRY MEET
FENSTERBAU FRONTALE INDIA organised an Industry Meet in New Delhi on the 29th of October in collaboration with Kawneer – leading manufacturer of architectural aluminium building products and systems for commercial construction. The topic for the meet was “Energy efficient facades and fenestrations”. The highlight of the event was an interactive Panel Discussion, moderated by Ms. Shruti Dimri from Anagram Architects and featuring illustrious panellists such as Mr. Surat K Mantoo, EXPERION, Mr. Sabyasachi Sen, Sabyasachi Sen & Associates, Mr. Goonmeet Singh Chauhan, Design Forum International and Mr. Ashish Rakheja from AEON Consultants.
The discussion enlightened the audience about the advantages of Energy efficient facades and fenestrations and its impact on building designs. This meet was an attempt to bring together people from various fields of façade and architectural industry to come together and identify how aesthetics and design trends can be reconciled with energy-efficient building. The intention was also to discuss the potential of the window, door and façade industry in India and highlight the fact that there is a lot to explore and innovate. The event was well attended by members of the façade and architectural community.
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Facade and Fenestration News for India
STUDIO VISIT
ALULUX Team visited the AEON Studio to interact with the Architectural team and showcase their latest products and cutting edge technology. AEON Studio is headed by Ms. Sheetal Rakheja , one of India’s leading Architects. The team of ALULUX led by Mr. Michael Puc and Mr. Thomas Knobloch and their Indian partners Mr. Abhinav Bhatia and Mr. Rishabh Bhatia from Falcon Contracts spoke at length about the customised and innovative solutions their company offers.
ALULUX has been manufacturing custom made roll-formed aluminium window shutter and garage door systems for clients for over 50 years and is known worldwide for its quality and service. Only high quality aluminium and components are used with intense quality control procedures, engineered with German ingenuity to provide an easy and flexible operation for an extremely long-lasting product.
From the President’s desk UWDMA is an non-governmental organization formed by industry leaders to promote and propagate uPVC windows and doors and it’s benefits to the Indian construction industry and general public at large. The present committee is comprised of Industry Veterans including Mr. Rajesh Chawla from Veka India as Vice President , Mr. Satish Kumar from Deceuninck as General Secretary, Mr. Mario Mr. Ajay Khurana Schmidt , Head Technical Committee and Tamil President, UWDMA Nadu Chapter. Under this core body we have industry leaders like Mr. YP Singh (FENESTA) ) as Technical support cum Treasurer and Mr. Ullas Guliani (REHAU), who have been instrumental in taking UWDMA to the next level. Our website has been revamped and updated , both in terms of information and knowledge sharing. Keeping in mind the architectural fraternity we have made a page where Technical Specifications of uPVC profiles, doors and windows can be downloaded. The various standards are currently being followed by the Industry leaders and are essential for a good uPVC window to perform over its lifetime. Furthermore we have added a section for new entrepreneurs and individual buyers.
THE TRADE SHOW. WINDOW. DOOR. FACADE.
SAVE THE DATE! NUREMBERG, 16 – 19.3.2016
Through our website, newsletters and by participating at various industry events we hope to create a strong platform for the uPVC Industry. We welcome you to become part of UWDMA and help build a great Institution. For further information / updates please visit www.uwdmaindia.org
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