CoG Design Realisation by FHEAF

Design Realisation : ARCT 1063 Center of Gravity

CENTER O F GRAVITY Fred Heaf 2014 U20 (Pascal Bronner + Max Dewdney) Technical Tutor: Adam Swain Fossey

0. Content

1. Context

3. Building Performance

1.1 Brief

3.1 Site Movement

1.2 Design Concept

3.2 Building Envelopes

1.3 Client

3.3 Energy Strategy

1.4 Program

3.4 Internal Environments

1.5 Building Description

3.5 Landscape Performance

1.6 Site Location

3.6 Fire Strategy

1.7 Wider Context

3.7 Water Strategy

1.8 Site

1.9 Building Process

1.10 Site Plan

1.11 Site Section

1.12 GA Plans

4. Building Construction

4.1 Construction Overview

4.2 Methods Of Construction

2.1 Procurement & Contract

4.3 Structural Systems

2.2 Managing Risk

4.4 Steel Frame

2.3 Heath and Safety

4.5 External Material Selection

2.4 Planning Policy

4.6 Internal Material Selection

2.5 Tender Packages

4.7 Prefabricated Construction

2.6 Mobilisation

4.8 Construction Details

2.7 Site Access

4.9 Landscape Details

2. Building Delivery

1. Context

Context

1. Context

1.1 Brief Project Icarus, an engineering study group designing an interstellar spacecraft, have approached me to help deliver a 'Center of Gravity' to help train, teach, and generally better prepare the next generation of private astronauts to travel through space. This facility will provide experiments and experiences to aid the future space traveller with their journey through other gravities and other planets.

1.1.1

Requirements This site at tilbury power station, now devoid of electrical equipment, is proposed to accommodate the massive production and testing modules for the training of Astronauts. Due to the public interest, not to mention support, the need for new space training centers are requirements for tomorrowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s society.

1.1.2

Service (Tertiary)

Primary The centerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s primary focus is its user base: future astronauts and the training there-of. This scheme must provide a platform to accommodate various training facilities, residential areas & learning equipment.

1.1.3

Secondary The center will be both a training facility and a public attraction, providing a spectacle, attraction and obligatory gift shop.

1.1.4

Attraction (Secondary)

Tertiary The center will need to provide facilities for its primary & secondary use, but also for its staff. Not only will there be requirements for instructors, but the full regiment of institutional building support including maintenance, cleaning & management.

Training (Primary)

1. Context

Tilbury Power Station

River Thames

Center of Gravity

(C.O.G.)

Proposal in Context Aerial View from East

1. Context

1.2 Design Concept 1.2.1

Experiments into Gravity The design concepts for this scheme revolve around a series of spacial experiments embodying the concepts of gravity. These concepts have been fully realized as experiences and implemented as testing modules for prospective astronauts. Here are a few examples;

Centrifuge

A multi armatures spinning machine, capable of housing men in capsules and spinning at extreme forces. Gravi-Chart

A faceted landscape that can be programed to replicate an alien terrain and g-force. "Anomylous"

A monstrously powerful crane capable of operating at extreme speeds. Gravity Well

A prolonged vertical drop capable of replicating an experience of zero gravity.

Centrifuge

Gravi-Chart

Anomylous

Gravity Well

1. Context

Devices out of scale

1. Context

1.3 Client 1.3.1

Project Icarus Project Icarus is a volunteer theoretical engineering study to design an interstellar spacecraft. The purpose of Project Icarus is four-fold: 1. To motivate a new generation of scientists in designing space missions that can explore beyond our solar system. 2. To generate greater interest in the real term prospects for interstellar precursor missions that are based on credible science. 3. To design a credible interstellar probe that is a concept design for a potential mission in the coming centuries so as to allow a direct technology comparison with Daedalus and to provide an assessment of the maturity of fusion based space propulsion for future precursor missions. 4. To allow a direct technology comparison with Daedalus and provide an assessment of the maturity of fusion based space propulsion for future precursor missions. Project Icarus was initiated by the British Interplanetary Society (BIS) and the Tau Zero Foundation (TZF) and is currently being managed by Icarus Interstellar Inc., a nonprofit foundation. Project Icarus was inspired by Project Daedalus, which ran from 1973 to 1978. Project Daedalus, a British Interplanetary Society project, concluded that interstellar travel is feasible. Specifically, Daedalus demonstrated that it is possible, by using current or credible extrapolations of existing technology, to launch an interstellar probe that could reach another solar system on timescales of a normal human lifetime.

Project Daedalus (Icarus Forunner)

Ref; Project Icarus Literature

1. Context

1.4 Program Public

Training

Public

Service

The Center of Gravity must invite and expose the general public to the concept of space travel, and what it may entail.

Service The Center must be accessible to a wide range of support staff, from public representatives to plant engineers.

Training The primary focus of the scheme is a training center, and the provision of gravity experiences.

Entrance Gallery

Admin

Commerce

Facilities

Training Center

Public

Service

Facilities

Staff Areas Living

Training

Learning

1. Context

1.5 Building Description 1.5.1

Momentum The general principal driving the most challenging element of the build is momentum. To better recreate the environment of a space vessel it was felt by the client that a constant momentum was an important feature in experiencing space flight. It is also an invaluable tool in measuring a candidates ability to acclimatize to such an environment.

1.5.2

Training The main structure must also be capable of containing, or giving access to, training facilities geared towards operating in various gravitational fields or space shuttle environments. These have taken the form of various modular pods, access routs and the imposing free fall launch tower.

1.5.3

Spectacle It is important to recognise the social contribution such a facility could contribute. To this end it will endeavor to pose its various activities in a way that will interest and inspire the public. Space travel has hopes to massively expand in the near future, and public support and understanding is vital for its success.

1.5.4

Design response

Key Principals: Servicing spread through skin to access above and below. Visitor areas expanded around the entrance and reduced elsewhere. 4

Atrium/Well puncturing building to observe free-fall experiment & improve lighting/ventilation. 6

Floors inserted to respect the public/private use.

Main features include the Triple height entrance lobby & optimized sleeping floor-floor heights. Astronaut training devices inserted in suitable areas; the Free-fall making use of the atrium; Weightless Working capsules drawing light into the public areas; articulated plant situated above highest structural integrity.

3 2 5

Proposal - section

1. Context

Lift Climber

Escape Stair

'Solid' Clad Arch

Glazed North/South aspect

Undercroft

Free-fall Shaft -374m A.O.D (9.8 seconds)

C.O.G. Submerged

Launch Tower

102m A.O.D

Moon-Scape

Weightless Work Modules

Anomylous Crane

Sleeping Shuttles

1. Context

1.5.5

Gravity Experience Free-fall/Rocket Launch Is a combination Tower & Shaft of a cumulative depth of 481 meters.

This allows a trainee to remain falling under their critical velocity, recreating a similar feeling to weightlessness, for 9.8 seconds; 1 gravity.

Moonscape is a fragmented landscape. It comprises myriad identical panels of terrain, able

of changing aspect, incline & spring feedback. This vast landscape can be programmed to replicated terrains of alien worlds, and more notably, allow trainees to glean an inkling of how it may be to move on the moon and other alien gravities.

Weightless Work Capsules are sealed pods of water & oil; allowing trainees to practice manual labour, mechanical tasks & moving, whether this be replicating space walks or planet walks.

Weightless Work

Free-fall/Rocket Launch

Moon-scape

1. Context

Launch Tower

Anomylous Crane

Lobby

Sleeping Pods

Moon-Scape

1. Context

1.6 Site Location This site at tilbury power station, now devoid of electrical equipment, is proposed to accommodate the massive production and testing modules for the training of Astronauts. Tilbury Power Station is located in Essex on the River Thames, to the east of the Port of Tilbury. The station closed in October 2013 under the Large Combustion Plant Directive (LCPD). Tilbury Power Station began full operation in 1969 and, until 2011, operated as a coal-fired power station with the capacity to generate 1,131MW of electricity for the National Grid.

1.6.1

Site Specifics 51.46390,0.366130 Fort Road, Tilbury, RM18 8 The Development Site, which is entirely within the Tilbury power station site except for the marine works in the River Thames, is located on the north bank of the River Thames, east of Tilbury Docks, in Thurrock. It lies opposite Gravesend in Kent, a settlement that contains a large number of heritage assets, including conservation areas, scheduled monuments and listed buildings. Immediately to the west of the Development Site is a water treatment works, and immediately to the west of the water treatment works is Tilbury Fort, a well preserved defensive installation dating substantially from the 17th century, and one of the best examples of military engineering in England. The fort is designated as a scheduled ancient monument, and one of the buildings (the officer's barracks) is grade II* listed.

Ref; EDF 'Site Proposals' Thurrock.gov.uk

1. Context

Tilbury

Tilbury Power Station

SE UK

51.46390 , 0.366130

1. Context

1.7 Wider Context

1.7.1

Land Use When broken down into program blocks, a clear language can be seen within the general planning. Major Transport Zones are clearly tied primarily to the Commercial centers, both north and south of the river. These in turn are placed in and around built up Residential zones providing residential and commercial amenity. The area also boasts a heavy Industrial use, but these areas are clearly defined and set away from the previous major land uses.

1.7.2

Local Transport The Site itself is only accessible by Road, and any public transport accessibility would need to be proposed. The closest form of public transport is a semi-regular Bus Route running form Tilbury Town center. Aside from two National Rail train lines, running through Tilbury to the North and Gravesend to the South, there is a Ferry Service that connects the two and greatly improves permeability between towns

1. Context

1.7.4

Water Use The site surroundings are composed of several uses, both passive and active. As a major river route the Thames itself is given over to a plethora of activities, ranging from leisure to commerce, and so will not be directly analysed or applied to Site. Aside from general use; drainage and habitats, the surrounding context also uses the water as Industrial transport of materials, Social uses and Historical Defense.

1.7.3

Flood Risk

The Environment Agencyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Flood Map shows that the site is situated within Flood Zone 3a associated with the Thames Estuary. Flood Zone 3a is defined as land assessed as having a 1 in 200 or greater annual probability of flooding from the sea (>0.5%) in any year. The Environment Agency Flood Maps also show that formal flood defences are present in the area, which protect the site from flooding under normal circumstances. The defences were designed to protect against a tidal flood event with 1 in 1000 annual probability (0.1%) of occurring in the year up to 2030. Risk Level : 0 - - - - 5 - - - -10

Ref; The Environment Agency

1. Context

1.7.5

Ground Study Areas of previous development show where further development can occur with least impact to the natural environment. Brown field development must be carefully managed so as not to â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;overdevelopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; or compromise services and amenity spaces/services. As we move further east towards the coast the built environment breaks down and gives way to open greenfield sites, made up of common and agricultural land. Expectably the Thames widens as it approaches the coast. As greenfield sites emerge from the built environment, surface water drainage is also evidently emerging. These aid in flood defenses, wildlife habitats and agricultural irrigation. On either side of the River Thames, the land is predominantly flat marshland and is less than 5 m A.O.D. South of the river, opposite Tilbury Power Station and approximately 2 km away, the land rises to 60 m A.O.D at Windmill Hill in Gravesend. The land rises to the south at Shorne, to 110 m A.O.D approximately 5.5 km south east of the power station. The physical components of the study area and its surroundings are significant for understanding past human land-use and likely archaeological deposition, as well as contributing to its present land-use.

Greenfield

Brown field

Water

1. Context

1.7.6

Patterns of Development The â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;grainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of urban development can both inform and inspire us in our design. The patterns that emerge can not only tell us the areas use, but also gives indications towards the feeling, and typology of an area. Residential, Commercial & industrial all have vastly differing characteristics which can be used, developed and applied where appropriate. Above are different typologies all found within the wider context of the site and contribute to my the overall characteristic of an area. It is important to understand the connotations that certain patterns may imply, as they all contribute to the site context and should be considered.

Agricultural

Commercial

Light Industrial

Heavy Industrial

Residential (sparse; detached)

Residential (dense; terrace)

1. Context

1.8 Site 1.8.1

Historical Use The Development Site is located to the east of Tilbury Fort, a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Between the Scheduled Monument and the Development Site is a water treatment works and associated filter beds. A number of archaeological sites and features are recorded within the Study Area (within the Development Site and for approximately 500 m beyond it) on the county Historic Environment Record (HER). The HER includes the discovery of Palaeolithic and Neolithic artefacts, records of a Romano-British settlement and pottery scatters, a medieval seawall, possible medieval oyster beds and post medieval buildings. Of particular note is the history of defence demonstrated not only by Tilbury Fort, but by other forts along either side of the Thames and the remains of World War 2 defences such as the anti-gilder ditches.

N.G. on-site Transformer

Ref; Gazetteer of Essex Historic Environment Record, Sites and Features

1.7.7

Previous development These photographs from in and around the site at Tilbury Power Station B paint a bleak and forboding picture. The station, recently closed, contains much of the aesthetic language proposed within this new development; showing exposed services, monolithic devices and industrial nooks. A field of electric pylons edge the site boundary to the north where the power created would step up and down when crossing site boundaries,

T.P.S(B) Furnace Chamber

These ruinous spaces, now derelict, can be re-instated to create power and form to a burgeoning function of our society and psyche: space exploration. The many unused mechanical facilities, including the abandoned sewage treatment works, give a highly adaptable, mechanical template to site activity. Goals include the re-use, and repurposing of these tools and spaces. The National Grid substation allows for high level power management and dispersion.

Loading Jetty

T.P.S(A) Corridor

T.P.S(A) Turbine Hall

1. Context

3. N.G. on-site Transformer

1. Site

2. Tilbury Power Station B. T.P.S(B)

7. Sewage Treatment Works

4. Tilbury Power Station A. T.P.S(A) 5. Loading Jetty

6. River Thames

1. Context

1.8.2

Environment

Noise

The existing conditions can show problems and suggest solutions with a design. Sunlight & wind prevalence are both natural conditions that are best served designing to apply, rather than mitigate for. Noise and Power Generation are the conditions required for the continued use of the on site Power plant.

Movement

The River Thames has been in its current course for approximately 450,000 years. Prior to this, the river originally flowed in a north easterly direction through the Warlord Gap to Ware and beyond; subsequent landscape changes associated with post-glacial development caused it to migrate south.

1. Context

Prevalent Winds

Power Generation

Well-formed gravel terrace systems can be located to the north of the Thames evidencing this migration. Sea-level rise over the past 10,000 years has caused major changes of landuse along the Thames tidal interface and its banks. This sea-level rise will continue to cause changes along this area well into the future.

Ref; RWE Location of Geotechnical Investigations

1. Context

1.9 Building Process 1.9.1

Site States (Opposite sheet) The building is constantly in motion, mimicking the slow yaw of a space shuttle. This is essential in preparing new astronauts for space as they will be under these constantly. The Anomylous crane is often at task; propelling trainees; installing plant; navigating sleeping pods. This is the fastest and most spectacular element on site. The large launch tower, denoting the entrance to the central well, is a static monolith on this site of shifting and sliding pieces. The vast artificial landscape which can replicate terrains and gravities of alien worlds and it is an incredibly dangerous training device.

1.9.2

Precedent Structures The Mobile Launcher Platform

This space theme precedent embodies the performance I require. Not only does the building move, it is capable of holding massive loads, loading and unloading space equipment, and remaining structurally sound in the process. Originally designated the "Mobile Launcher",the MLP was designed as part of NASA's strategy for vertical assembly and transport of space vehicles. Vertical assembly allows the preparation of the spacecraft in a ready-for-launch position, and avoids the additional step of lifting or craning a horizontally-assembled vehicle onto the launchpad. The Mobile Launcher Platform was set atop six legs, each 6.7 m (22 ft) tall, when stationary. The Solid Rocket Boosters were mounted on top of the MLP. Each MLP weighs 3,730,000 kg unloaded and roughly 5,000,000 kg with an unfueled Shuttle aboard, measures 49 by 41 m (160 by 135 ft), and is 7.6 m (25 ft) high. It was carried by a crawler-transporter, which measures 40 by 35 m (131 by 114 ft), and is 6.1 m (20 ft) high. Each crawler weighs about 3,000,000 kg (6,000,000 lb) unloaded, has a maximum speed of about 1.6 km (1 mi) per hour loaded, and has a leveling system designed to keep the launch vehicle vertical while negotiating the 5 percent grade leading to the top of the launch pad. Two 2,050 kW (2,750 hp) diesel engines power each crawler. Ref; N.A.S.A nasa.com

Mobile building / launch platform

1. Context

Resting

Processing

Working

All elements are at rest. The building is docked underground. The landscape is flat and gives no additional feedback. The main structure rises and falls slowly.

Building components can be moved, or replaced with the articulated arm. It also can give additional momentum to ongoing training, i.e. Spinning a sleeping capsule. The landscape is only partially operating and the building is slowing rising above the surface. The main structure rises and falls slowly.

All Elements of the site are active and geared towards the training of astronauts. The articulated arm shoots and drops capsules down the free-fall well and all elements of the landscape flex while the building rises high above it. The main structure rises and falls slowly.

1. Context

1.10

Site Plan

1:2500 28

1. Context

1.11

Site Section

1:2500 29

1. Context

1.12 1.12.1

GA Plans

Basement Entry to the building from the public tunnel. Views to astronaut gravity drop; up into the building and down the central shaft. Service access to devices underground. 1

6 N

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Entry Tunnel Primary Lift Bank Access Tunnel Central Well (374m) Secondary Lift Bank Escape Stair Hydraulic Column

Plan Key Section Key Plan

1:250 1:1250 1:10,00

1. Context

1.12.2

Ground Predominantly Visitor areas; gallery, gift shop, theater. Astronaut training classes and processing. Human service HQ; Admin, support staff.

3 N

Training Service Public

5 8 6 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Plan Key Section Key Plan

Lobby Gift Shop Gallery Public Toilets Auditorium AV Store Learning Facilities Staff Facilities Staff Offices

1:250 1:1250 1:10,00

1. Context

1.12.3

First Visitor areas; Viewing Mezzanine and restaurant. Trainee residential areas. Kitchen serving both trainee canteen and restaurant.

5 4 7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Plan Key Section Key Plan

Water Tank (above) Void (over entrance) Restaurant Kitchen Trainee Canteen Resi-pods (exposed) Resi-pods (controlled) Trainee Recreation

1:250 1:1250 1:10,00

1. Context

1.12.4

Second Second level of Astronaut residential areas, positioned below the active plant.

Training

1 2

1 2 3 4

Plan Key Section Key Plan

Personal Store Resi-Pods (exposed) Resi-Pods (controlled) Access Corridor

1:250 1:1250 1:10,00

1. Context

1.12.5

Third Mid-level plant serving both the building & astronaut training devices. Plant includes engine room, Air Source heat pumps & tank room. Space is punctured by weightless-water capsule training module

Service

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Plan Key Section Key Plan

W.W. Tank (Inaccessible) Lift Machine Room W.W. Tank (Inaccessible) Tank Room Centralised Plant Air Source Heat Pumps Engine & Intake Full Height Truss Structure

1:250 1:1250 1:10,00

1. Context

1.12.6

Roof Major articulated plant, testing devices and free-fall tower. This level also provides access for trainees to testing devices; Weightless capsule, Free-fall shaft and Launch Tower.

3 N

1 2 3 4 5 6

Plan Key Section Key Plan

W.W. Tank Public Viewing W.W. Tank Solar Array Anomalous Crane Base Rail Mounting

1:250 1:1250 1:10,00

2. Building Delivery

Building Delivery

2. Building Delivery

2.1 Procurement 2.1.1

Contract

Overview Procurement is the process of purchasing goods or services. There are many different routes by which the design and construction of a building can be procured. The selected procurement route should follow a strategy which fits the long-term objectives of the client's business plan. Considerations are likely to include: Speed. Cost. Quality. Specific project constraints. Risk. Asset ownership. Financing.

2.1.2

Contractual Relationships

Client

Approval

General Contractor

Architect

Consultant

Contractual relationship

Construction Manager

The need for intricate involvement from Project Icarus regarding many elements of this very exacting build meant that a Construction Management contract was most suitable. The process of building rig, and installation of various technologies creates a system best handled by this contract method.

Specialist Contractor

SubContractor

Construction management is a procurement route in which the works are constructed by a number of different trade contractors. These trade contractors are contracted to the client but managed by a construction manager. Construction management will be handled by the approved general contractor, William Hare, due to their experience in Steel Construction. This will allow for a higher degree of site coordination and speed up completion of the project. Lead designer & consultant will be the purview of the architect, and will responsible for managing the other design consultants at the early stages of the project. The contractual relationship still lies with the client however, requiring the Client & Construction Manager to become part of the design team at an early stage to help manage decisions quickly and informatively.

Information Flow Pre-C.M

Construction Manager

Client

General Contractor

Consultant

Architect

Specialist Contractor

SubContractor

2. Building Delivery

2.1.3

Construction Management Outline 1: Business justification. The business justification stage is the first stage. It takes place once a business need has been identified which might result in a building project. 2: Feasibility studies. The feasibility studies stage considers the options for satisfying the client's needs, enabling the client to prepare a business case for the preferred option and deciding whether to proceed with the project. At this stage the architect or similar design consultant will supply basic drawings for the aid of initial costing.

Design Team

3: Project brief. This stage is concerned solely with preparing the project brief, outlining foreseen consultants, sub-contractors, and preparing a design team 4: Concept design. This stage is concerned with preparing a concept design for the preferred option and developing and then freezing the project brief. At this stage planning permission will be sought. 5: Appointing the construction manager. At this stage the construction manager will be officially appointed, and in this case will also be the general contractor; taking full responsibility for cost planning, packaging and tendering trade contracts as well as managing construction.

Lead Consultants

Architect

Lead Designer

C.M

Hare Construction

6: Detailed design. This stage is concerned with developing the detailed design and technical design for the project. High levels of consultation expected. 7: Production information. The production information stage is concerned with preparing the information that the trade contractors will need to construct the project. It should also include the completion of applications for statutory approvals. 8: Tender trade contracts. The tender stage is the process of selecting and appointing the trade contractors. Tendering involves a number of trade contracts, contracted by the client but managed by the construction manager. Trade contracts will not all be tendered at the same stage, and so this process will be repeated a number of times during the project. 9: Mobilisation. Mobilisation is a site preparation stage, managed by the Construction manager. At this stage and pre-start conditions must be discharged, and the site made ready for construction. 10: Construction. The construction stage is the period during which the construction manager takes possession of the site in order for the works to be carried out.

Primary Consultants

M&E

Structure WSP

Mendik Waring

CDM

G.C.

Coordinator

Hare Construction

(Initial)

Secondary Consultants

Hydraulic Consultation

Experiment Fabrication

Cleaning & Maintenance

Space Travel Consultant

Facade Manufacturer

Mining Specialist

11: Occupation and defects liability period. The occupation and defects liability period is the stage after the client has taken possession of the development for occupation when any defects are rectified and the final certificate is issued signifying that the construction works have been fully completed. As the development is now occupied, and the construction manager no longer has possession of the site

Learning Outcomes for European Managers in Construction - Saleem Akram

2. Building Delivery

2.1.4

Role of the Consultant Consultants are professionals, typically, appointed to by the client to perform expert tasks on a project. The key members of the consultant team that are likely to be required this project are: Architect, CDM co-ordinator, Cost consultant, Services engineer, Structural engineer.

Stages

The RIBA Plan of Work 2013 organises the process of briefing, designing, constructing, maintaining, operating and using building projects into a number of key stages. The content of stages may vary or overlap to suit specific project requirements. The RIBA Plan of Work 2013 should be used solely as guidance for the preparation of detailed professional services contracts and building contracts.

Strategic Definition

Preparation and Brief

Concept Design

Developed Design

Technical Design

Construction

Handover and Close Out

In Use

Core Objectives

Identify client’s Business Case and Strategic Brief and other core project requirements.

Develop Project Objectives, including Quality Objectives and Project Outcomes, Sustainability Aspirations, Project Budget, other parameters or constraints and develop Initial Project Brief. Undertake Feasibility Studies and review of Site Information.

Prepare Concept Design, including outline proposals for structural design, building services systems, outline specifications and preliminary Cost Information along with relevant Project Strategies in accordance with Design Programme. Agree alterations to brief and issue Final Project Brief.

Prepare Developed Design, including coordinated and updated proposals for structural design, building services systems, outline specifications, Cost Information and Project Strategies in accordance with Design Programme.

Prepare Technical Design in accordance with Design Responsibility Matrix and Project Strategies to include all architectural, structural and building services information, specialist subcontractor design and specifications, in accordance with Design Programme.

Procurement

Initial considerations for assembling the project team.

Prepare Project Roles Table and Contractual Tree and continue assembling the project team.

Throughout the project there will be a need to appoint additional consultants or designers, and should rigorously follow a set route of procurement due to the nature of the contract. The client identifies the need to make an appointment. In some cases, existing consultants may identify a requirement and bring this to the attention of the client. The client defines the schedule of services that will be required, along with selection criteria, form of agreement and contract terms for the appointment. The client prepares a list of candidates, either from recommendations, existing relationships or expressions of interest received in response to adverts. The client appoints the selected candidate and if appropriate arranges a consultant team design meeting.

Tasks

*Variable task bar

Programme

2.1.5

Role of the Architect

Establish Project Programme. Review Project Programme.

The procurement strategy does not fundamentally alter the progression of the design or the level of detail prepared at a given stage. However, Information Exchanges will vary depending on the selected procurement route and Building Contract. A bespoke RIBA Plan of Work 2013 will set out the specific tendering and procurement activities that will occur at each stage in relation to the chosen procurement route. Review Project Programme.

*Variable task bar

(Town) Planning

Pre-application discussions.

Suggested Key Support Tasks

Review Feedback from previous projects.

Prepare Handover Strategy and Risk Assessments. Agree Schedule of Services, Design Responsibility Matrix and Information Exchanges and prepare Project Execution Plan including Technology and Communication Strategies and consideration of Common Standards to be used.

Administration of Building Contract, including regular site inspections and review of progress.

Undertake In Use services in accordance with Schedule of Services.

Conclude administration of Building Contract.

The procurement route may dictate the Project Programme and may result in certain stages overlapping or being undertaken concurrently. A bespoke RIBA Plan of Work 2013 will clarify the stage overlaps. The Project Programme will set out the specific stage dates and detailed programme durations.

Prepare Sustainability Strategy, Maintenance and Operational Strategy and review Handover Strategy and Risk Assessments.

Review and update Sustainability, Maintenance and Operational and Handover Strategies and Risk Assessments.

Undertake third party consultations as required and any Research and Development aspects.

Undertake third party consultations as required and conclude Research and Development aspects.

Prepare and submit Building Regulations submission and any other third party submissions requiring consent.

Review and update Project Execution Plan.

Review and update Project Execution Plan, including Change Control Procedures.

Review and update Project Execution Plan.

Consider Construction Strategy, including offsite Review and update fabrication, and develop Health Construction and Health and and Safety Strategy. Safety Strategies.

Review Construction Strategy, including sequencing, and update Health and Safety Strategy.

Review and update Sustainability Strategy and implement Handover Strategy, including agreement of information required for commissioning, training, handover, asset management, future monitoring and maintenance and ongoing compilation of ‘Asconstructed’ Information.

Carry out activities listed in Handover Strategy including Feedback for use during the future life of the building or on future projects. Updating of Project Information as required.

Update Construction and Health and Safety Strategies.

Conclude activities listed in Handover Strategy including Post-occupancy Evaluation, review of Project Performance, Project Outcomes and Research and Development aspects. Updating of Project Information, as required, in response to ongoing client Feedback until the end of the building’s life.

Sustainability Checkpoints

Sustainability Checkpoint — 0

Sustainability Checkpoint — 1

Sustainability Checkpoint — 2

Sustainability Checkpoint — 3

Sustainability Checkpoint — 4

Sustainability Checkpoint — 5

Sustainability Checkpoint — 6

Sustainability Checkpoint — 7

Information Exchanges

Strategic Brief.

Initial Project Brief.

Concept Design including outline structural and building services design, associated Project Strategies, preliminary Cost Information and Final Project Brief.

Developed Design, including the coordinated architectural, structural and building services design and updated Cost Information.

Completed Technical Design of the project.

‘As-constructed’ Information.

Updated ‘As-constructed’ Information.

‘As-constructed’ Information updated in response to ongoing client Feedback and maintenance or operational developments.

Not required.

Required.

Not required.

Required.

As required.

(at stage completion)

UK Government Information Exchanges

*Variable task bar – in creating a bespoke project or practice specific RIBA Plan of Work 2013 via www.ribaplanofwork.com a specific bar is selected from a number of options.

Offsite manufacturing and Handover of building and onsite Construction in conclusion of Building accordance with Construction Contract. Programme and resolution of Design Queries from site as they arise.

Planning applications are typically made using the Stage 3 output. A bespoke RIBA Plan of Work 2013 will identify when the planning application is to be made.

*Variable task bar

Within the traditional contract the Architect will often become lead designer and lead consultant to better coordinate the project at design stages. The architect must follow the R.I.B.A plan of works as the project progresses to better manage and uphold project integrity amending the plan where the project or contract type demands. It is a matter of law that you must be registered with the ARB to practice as an architect, it is simply good practice to register with the R.I.B.A. This demonstrates a willingness to act ethically in the profession, contribute to professional development and work within the laid out Code of Conduct.

www.ribaplanofwork.com

2. Building Delivery !!

2.2 Managing Risk The risk management processes has been informed by both the client and contractor regarding the risk assessment and mitigation measures, both of the construction phases, & building use. The objective of risk assessment is to decide, by calculating the impact of risk, which risks need managing and which are to be left to fortune. In the first instance aim only to get an approximate assessment. Some issues are bound to be unclear. Acquiring more information through discussion with the relevant consultants will be necessary. 2.2.1

Risk Register

2 2

4 4

2 2

5 5

7 7

2 2

5 5

Develop a Risk Register: The risk register is a critical document â&#x20AC;&#x201C; it must contain a comprehensive list of significant risks, together with the costs and benefits associated with them. Developing the risk register could involve a wider reference group than the core risk management team.

4 4

8 8

2 2

4 4

ô&#x20AC;&#x201A;&#x201E;Monitor Risk Continuously: New information on risks, for example feedback from within the construction design team or learning from projects should be logged in the risk register. As experience grows, risks will be added and subtracted from the register.

4 4 4 4 2 2

It is the responsibility of the architect to make sure that they are reporting possible risks regularly to the appropriate parties. Failure to do so will create delays in the project.

Ref: RICS draft guidance note: Managing the design delivery.

2.3

Heath and Safety The inhabited areas of the building will all meet the required design code as described within the approved documents "Part K, (Protection from falling)" & "Part M, (Access to and Use of Buildings)" of the Building Regulations. Areas of experimentation carry inherent danger, but use of them should not be ruled out because of this. A detailed health and safety briefing will be given to any users or operators. Project Icarus, the client, will be responsible for co-ordinating with the responsible consultants in creating an instructional information pack regarding building use, and the related risks. This will cover not only the general building requirements regarding maintenance, but will also inform proper practice in the use and circulation of the building. The project contains such a wide variety of moving and morphing elements that constant vigilance and risk assessment must be taken as the building's use develops or is adjusted.

2 2

75 75

27 27

5 5 2 2

5 5

2 2

5 5

2 2

5 5

2 2

4 4 2 2

2 2

25 25

2 2 4 4

2: 2: 28 28

2 2

5 5

42 42 44 44

45 45

Extract from C.O.G's Risk Register 49 49

Low

Moderate

High 2 2

2 2

4: 4: 48 48

4 4

72 72

2 2

74 74

2 2

2. Building Delivery

2.4 Planning Policy Central Government’s Sustainable Communities Plan ‘Building for the Future’ Thurrock is within the Thames Gateway, which was announced as a key regeneration and growth area in the Government’s Communities Plan, ‘Building for the Future’, launched in February 2003. The Thames Gateway is also a national priority area for social and economic regeneration. The Government defines a sustainable community as being “places where people want to live and work now and in the future”. To ensure that sustainable communities are appropriately delivered throughout England, the Government identified eight sustainable community components. 2.4.1

National Planning Policy Framework The key requirements of national policy are the focus on delivering sustainable development and promoting economic growth. The National Policy Planning Framework (NPPF) is a key part of the Government’s overall programme of reform of the English planning system. The NPPF sets out the Government’s economic, environmental and social planning policies for England. Taken together, these policies set out the Government’s vision of sustainable development, which should be interpreted and applied locally to meet local aspirations.

2.4.2

Regional Spatial Strategy The Thurrock Urban Area (stretching from Purfleet in the west to Tilbury and Chadwell St Mary in the East) has been identified as a Key Centre for Development and Change (KCDC) and Strategic Employment site. The indicative job growth target for Thurrock is 26,000 jobs. This is a major indicator that any possible proposals that enhance the level of employment in the area will be looked upon favorably.

2.4.3

Local Policies And Strategies Adopted in February 2012, the strategy identifies regeneration as being at the heart of all the Council’s key strategies. The Strategy will deliver a range of regeneration programmes that will act as a catalyst for greater economic, environmental and social prosperity. To achieve these community regeneration outcomes the strategy contains a number of programmes that will be supported by the Local Development Framework. The programmes focus on employment, economic development, environmental quality and community involvement.

2.4.4

Core Strategy DPD (2011) The Adopted Core Strategy sets out the over arching strategy and policies to guide the future development of Thurrock up to 2026. The Spatial Vision in the Core Strategy is to create a place where residents are provided with the education and skills to capture a wide range of local jobs, where the range of jobs is expanded to provide high quality employment with facilities, a place that all members of the community can use and enjoy and a place where investors are confident and communities are successful. Considerable attention will be given to maintaining the environment and creating community identity.

Thurrock

2. Building Delivery

2.4.5

Stainability Appraisal Set out below are select key planning aspirations towards from a criteria-based appraisal. These have been set out by Thurrock council as indicators of sites suitable for development. Accessibility to existing centres and services. The key message from the criteria-based appraisal is that the vast Majority of sites are well located Accessibility to outdoor facilities and greenspace Supporting economic growth and regeneration Supporting a shift to more sustainable modes of travel. The criteria-based appraisal has highlighted that residential sites are well located in relation to bus stops, with all sites within 500 m of a stop. Making efficient use of land The appraisal has shown that efficient sites are sites that will make good use of previously developed or contaminated land.

2.4.6

Tilbury Tilbury is the most deprived community in Thurrock and, as such, requires a major, long term regeneration programme to bring about change. Currently home to around 12,000 people, Tilbury is dominated by the presence of Tilbury Port (which is set to significantly expand its dry-side activities into Tilbury Marshes) and Tilbury Power Station (of which this proposal is sited upon). The vast majority of the housing stock is Local Authority owned and the area suffers from a legacy of under investment. Despite this under investment there is a perception in the community that previous regeneration has been ‘done to them’ rather than with or for them. Within the Community Regeneration Strategy (approved Feb. 2012) Tilbury has been identified as one of five ‘Growth Hubs’. These growth hubs underpin a spatial approach to regeneration and contain a number of ‘Strategic Intervention Projects’ which will provide the main stimulus for growth and economic prosperity. In Tilbury these projects are Tilbury Port Expansion and hopefully the Center of Gravity.

2.4.7

SAP5 The Site falls within policy area "SAP5; Land For Industrial And Commercial Development; It has been identified and allocated as new sites for industrial and commercial development primarily for its proximity with existing Primary and Secondary Employment Areas.

SAP5

Site Location

2. Building Delivery

2.5 Tender Packages 2.5.1

Construction Cost Initial cost appraisals break down the overall project budget based on information provided by the client, an analysis of comparable projects and the experience of the cost consultant. Outlined here are a selection of initial pricing on specific tender packages. Initial cost appraisals are based upon standard industry pricing, referenced from 'Spon's Price Book 2013'.

Spon's Price Book 2013

Structural Frame

Shell & Fitout

Training modules

Subterranean Works

2. Building Delivery

Structural Frame Required Grade: 355J2H Cost Per m: £ 26.3-16.2/m Overall Length: 1292m Overall Cost: £235,000

Shell & Fit out Required Grade: Public Building Cost Per m2: £ 1600 Overall Area: 3505 m2 Overall Cost: £5.6m Description: The reasonably high price of the fit out is in part due to the specialised finishes required.

Training modules Required Grade: High Cost Per m2: unknown Overall Area: unknown Overall Cost: >£25m Description: The cost/risk of these devices lies with the client due to their own speciality knowledge. For the main devices inhabiting the building price has been based on similar industrial products. Subterranean Works Required Grade: Grade 2 (medium) Cost Per m3: £ 0.43 - £ 1.25 Overall Cost: £ 18,168 Description: Remediation, decontamination of excavated ground works. Archeological Studies. Drainage & Attenuation Works. Piling. Fit out.

2. Building Delivery

2.6 Mobilisation 2.6.1

Flood Defense & Attenuation Site Excavation Works; The most likely source of flooding to impact the site is surface water flooding as a result of heavy rainfall. Project Icarus commissioned a Flood Risk Assessment to undertake an study of the existing surface water management measures on the site and develop a suitable strategy to bring the drainage infrastructure on the site up to current environmental standards. It is proposed that drainage improvements & attenuation storage on the site and reduce the risk of flooding from surface water and overland flow to the site and neighboring areas during the 1% AEP event including climate change.

Preparation of Site for construction of basement level, access tunnels and flood mitigation strategy. Involves excavation, sheet piling around perimeter & foundation piling throughout basement slab.

A drainage system throughout the landscape will filter water into attenuation tanks at the east of the site, connecting to a suitable culvert that flows into the Thames. This is to be completed before any superstructure works take place on site.

2.6.2

Remediation The remediation works have been outlined as an integral part of the site planning. While the site is being redeveloped, the remediation strategy will be combined with foundation work & earthworks to achieve a suitable starting point for development. An important first task is the development of an implementation plan, which deals with all aspects of the design, preparation, implementation, verification, and long-term monitoring and maintenance of remediation. The main aim of implementation is to ensure that remediation achieves the planned objectives efficiently for the benefit of time management and with appropriate quality assurance.

Site Drainage & Flood Mitigation; Underground drainage channels across the landscape flow into on site attenuation tanks, which in turn slowly feed into a neighbouring culvert and into the Thames.

In brief, the remediation strategy will make use of the structures across site. The conveyer track which previously carried fuel from the loading jetty will be reinstated.

The historical process of fuel delivery will be mirrored, with plant loading the conveyor from site and moving the contaminated land to trawlers along the Thames for transport. These can then be dispatched to the closest point of disposal, travelling via water.

Remediation Strategy; Post excavation the earth will travel across site to the conveyor, then on to a freighter to be transported to the local disposal and decontamination plant down river.

2. Building Delivery

Excavation Conveyor Track

Drainage Channels

Attenuation Tanks

Earth Loading

Ship Loading

Culvert to Thames

B4 B2

B5 B3

2. Building Delivery

B4 B5 Conditions 2.6.3 Ground Due to the nature of the proposal is was advisable to undertake a ground survey to understand any challenges that may be encountered when excavation or shaft sinking. The main structures for the proposed Center of Gravity, are located on the concrete slabs and roads of the demolished A Station; contractorsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; temporary buildings and storage areas; the operational B Station lies to the east. The proposed cooling water routes run under the existing oil storage tanks of the B Station.

Ground conditions encountered comprised Made Ground of varying thickness and structure over B5 soft alluvial clay deposits, containing peat and silty sandy layers, over the sands and gravels of the River Terrace Deposits (RTD), over the Upper Chalk Formation. Groundwater was encountered in the RTD and Upper Chalk between 2.70 and 5.80m below ground level. It is influenced to varying degrees by the River Thames tidal reach. Localized perched water tables were encountered in the Made Ground. With the heavy loadings of large moving structures, combined with the 12m to 17m of very soft Alluvial deposits at the site, it is considered piled / piled raft foundations would be required, located down through the RTD, into the top of the Chalk. Typical pile types, lengths and capacities have been given only as a guide at this stage (see pilling structure,Building Construction) . Full detailed design will need to be determined, in consultation with piling contractors, when the layout and loadings of proposed structures have been finalized. A1

A10 RWE Geotechnical Study

A11

Shaft Survey - Section

2. Building Delivery

A10

A11

Shaft Survey - Location Plan

2. Building Delivery

2.7 Site Access The main entrance to the Tilbury power station site is from Fort Road at the north-west corner of the site. This entrance will continue to be used both during the construction and operation of The Center of Gravity. Road access to the site is generally achieved from the A13 via the A1089 and Fort Road to the Center's site entrance. 2.7.1

Delivery Procedures and methods Project Icarus will seek to deliver as many construction materials to the vicinity of the Development Site by river in order to minimise the impact of development on the road network. Abnormal loads / large elements will be delivered by river to the existing Port of Tilbury which is capable of handling this type of shipment and from there via Fort Road to the Development Site. Where possible the contractors will use local suppliers to reduce the distance travelled on the local highway network. In addition to this deliveries will be coordinated to avoid a stack up of vehicles on adjacent highway network and will also be scheduled to avoid the network peak hours where possible. The contractors will liaise with sub-contractors for joint delivery where possible as well as efficient use of back loads where possible. HGVs will be restricted to deliver to the application area between 0700 and 1800 and managed to avoid peak times on the network where possible. However, some elements of the construction phase may necessitate deliveries outside these times, although these will be kept to a minimum.

Access from Fort Road.

Visitor, Road Delivery and the majority of support staff.

Access from Port of Tilbury. Large Loads to dock here and be transported the rest of the way via road.

Access from on-site Pier. The majority of deliveries & remediation.

RWE Travel Plan 2012

Visitor Drop Off

Off Road Delivery

Direct River Delivery

2. Building Delivery

Access Fort Road

Access Port Of Tilbury

Access on site pier

River Delivery

Visitor Drop Off

Road Delivery

Movement Over Site

3. Building performance

3. Building Performance

Building Performance

3. Building performance

3.1 Site Movement The C.O.G. must perform to unusual requirements, the main of which are outlined here. 3.1.1

Momentum 1 Cycle; 1 hrs Tower 89m A.O.D

Momentum

The general principal driving the most challenging element of the build is momentum. To better recreate the environment of a space vessel it was felt by the client that a constant momentum was an important feature in experiencing space flight. It is also an invaluable tool in measuring a candidates ability to acclimatize to such an environment.

3.1.2

Anomylous The crane, Anomylous, must perform a variety of activity requiring a large range of movement. This includes loading experimentation modules from off-site (off landscape), but also launching free fallers up the central tower.

3.1.3

Max Roof 18.7m A.O.D

Launch Tower The launch tower itself will house modules being shot up and guided down to the central shaft, with each trainee hoping to reach closer to get closer to the 9.8 second barrier. The morbid element of this competition is that to ever reach 9.8 seconds means that you had never slowed your module, and would have zero hope for survival.

-2

Ground

2.8m A.O.D 0.0m A.O.D

-1

-12.8m A.O.D

-374m A.O.D

3. Building Performance

Anomylous Crane Range of Movement

Launch Tower Launch and Fall Speeds 0.0 m/s

34 m/s 22 m/s

54 m/s

Terminal velocity

0.1 < x â&#x2030;¤ 54 m/s *Terminal* velocity 0.0 m/s 9.8 SECONDS MINIMUM

3. Building performance

3.2 Building Envelopes The Center of Gravity uses a double skin to better regulate energy use and house services otherwise impacting on habitable space. This services can travel around the building within the truss structure, which sets the external/internal depth. Further details can be seen under building construction.

Primary Skin

Secondary Skin

3. Building Performance

Primary Building Skin Water-proof Primary Insulation Location Plan

Secondary Building Skin Air Flow & Heating Secondary Insulation

Location Section

3. Building performance

3.3 Energy Strategy By adopting a sustainable approach in design, construction and operation, the proposed Center of Gravity development aims to meet and exceed the requirements of the Local Planning Policy and Building Regulations, wherever it is technically, functionally and economically feasible. The proposal shall be built to a BREEAM Very Good core and shell standard, that will allow Project Icarus to complete a training facility fit-out enabling the proposal to achieve BREEAM Excellent rating, so satisfying the Councilâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s requirement.

The proposed development aims to minimise CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere arising from the operations of and within the building. To minimise CO 2 emissions, the following energy hierarchy has been applied to the design strategy of the Center of Gravity: Minimizing energy consumption through passive design measures. Supplying energy efficiently through active systems. Maximizing energy generation from on site sources. (Namely existing power station) 3.3.1

Photo-voltaic Panels

Air Source Heat Pumps

Centralised Plant

Power Station: Source

Centralised Plant A centralized plant strategy, including an energy centre and a centralized heating scheme, is proposed to achieve higher efficiency and security of supply throughout the development. Part of the benefits is due to the diversity of loads related to different building uses.

Ref : bretrust.com Non-technical Energy Strategy 2013, - Mendik Waring

3. Building Performance

3.3.2

Plan & Energy

In order to reduce the overall CO 2 emissions of the development in use, and meet and exceed the requirements set out by the current and future planning policies, the opportunities to effectively employ renewable technologies on the site have been examined. A limited provision of PV panels will be included on the southern roof of the building. The scope and extant of this coverage will be confirmed once further information relating to the buildings to the southeast of the development, which have the potential to overshadow it, are determined and as such will be reviewed as part of the detailed design of the building. Air source heat pumps will be adopted to provide space cooling and additional space heating to the building. The heat pumps will be connected to the energy centre and serve in conjunction with the passive solar gain.

Water Tank

General Plant (centralised)

Photo Voltaic Panels

Air Source Heat Pump

Roof

3. Building performance

3.4 Internal Environments 3.4.1

Light Levels The Center departs from most traditional buildings in that it imposes variable light conditions not connected with the path of the sun. As the building rises and falls into its central well the overall light levels will drop. The proposal will implement intelligent control systems for managing these light levels and maintaining them at an acceptable level for the relevant program. Some areas of the building will have either consistent light levels, or consistent & low light levels. The areas lacking in natural light can be basked by turning on the 'Working Weightless' modules. These will rise and fall through the roof-skin of the building, catching direct light externally and drawing the rays down through whatever liquid it may contain. The dappled dancing light results in a further feeling of building movement and fluidity.

Curtain Glazing

Direct Sun

Thermal Radiation

Sun Path, Summer/Winter

3. Building Performance

Convection

Thermal Radiation

Direct Sun

Thermal Buildup

Glazing

Passive Solar Heating Effect

Section Location

3. Building performance

3.4.2

Ventilation Systems Within the sleeping pods a controlled environment is crucial, especially considering the various temperatures and conditions needing to impose upon its residents. Capable of parodying the cold of outer space and scorching heat of a star, trainees may be hold-up in these pods for weeks. Outside of replicating experiences in space, the system is capable of making sizable energy savings when compared to more traditional building methods. Compressor

'Energy recovery' reduces the costs of heating ventilated air in the winter by transferring heat from the warm inside exhaust air to the fresh (but cold) outside supply air. In the summer, the inside air cools the warmer supply air to reduce cooling costs. The main difference between a heat-recovery and an energy-recovery ventilator is the way the heat exchanger works. With an energy-recovery ventilator, the heat exchanger transfers a certain amount of water vapor along with heat energy, while a heat-recovery ventilator only transfers heat. Because an energy-recovery ventilator transfers some of the moisture from the exhaust air to the usually less humid incoming winter air, the humidity of the pod air stays more constant. As a way of replicating a static atmosphere of a space shuttle this seems to be the ideal solution.

Expansion Valve Air Source Heat Pumps.

Prevalent Winds, Annual Avg.

Ref : Non-technical Energy Strategy 2013, - Mendik Waring

Condenser

Evaporator

A.S.H System

3. Building Performance

Stale air vent.

Recovery Heat Transfer

Heat from A.S.H.P

Fresh-air Intake

Internal Vent

Ventilation & Active Heating System

Section Location

3. Building performance

3.4.3

Passive Solar Design Passive solar design takes advantage of a buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s site, climate, and materials to minimize energy use. The Center of Gravity collects heat as the sun shines through the south-facing glazing and retains it in the thermal mass of the structure, namely the cladding panels and internal Modules. Solar heat is transferred from where it is collected and stored to different areas of the building by conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction occurs when heat moves between two objects that are in direct contact with each other. Convection is heat transfer through a fluid such as air or water. Radiation is heat resultant from the absorbed heat radiating from the thermal mass. Control strategies include roof overhangs cover the large elements of curtain walling, protecting the internal environment in the height of summer; when the sun appears upmost in the sky. Anther control approach includes electronic sensing devices, such as a differential thermostat that signals a fan to turn on & operable vents and dampers within the dual skin that allow or restrict heat flow.

Rooftop Glass Dome

Interior Light Source

Sun Path, Summer/Winter

Weightless Work System

3. Building Performance

Weightless Work Capsule Small aperture Weightless Work Capsule Large aperture

Water Medium Light transfer Dark environment Submerged C.O.G. Submerged

Daylight

Drawing in Daylight

Section Location

3. Building performance

3.5 Landscape Performance

The surrounding landscape, made up of modular elements, replicate terrains and gravities of other worlds. This practical training device can allow prospective astronauts to make a moon-walk prior to ever leaving the planet.

Suspension column

Modular Landscape Panel

Hydraulic Support & Control

Hydraulic Fluid

Motor

Gear Feedback Controlled

3. Building Performance

Moon-scape recreated terrain

3. Building performance

3.6 Fire Strategy 3.6.1

Means Of Escape The planning of fire safety early in the design process can highlight future issues, reducing risk from the clients position and aiding the building delivery. The several uses that occur throughout the building, not to mention environmental conditions, create several different challenges and solutions. The highlighted sections of the referenced Building Regulation Part B and accompanying floor plans demonstrate the adherence to escape distances in current building regulations. In a building with such varied use in terms of fire design, the Consulting Fire Engineer advised to implement engineered solutions where distances could not be quite met. These are the small areas deem institutional, based on the training program. Engineered solutions include sprinklers and A.O.V's in these locations. The various use and environmental conditions that vary the allowance distance are as follows. Ground level; Assembly; Office; Shop; Commercial. First level; Assembly; Commercial. Second level; Plant Room Roof Level; Rooftop Plant; Assembly; Commercial

3.6.2

Fire Engineered Solution In certain higher risk locations a fire engineered solution has been implemented as a more cost effective solution than traditional mitigation methods. Fire Separation creates secure compartments throughout the building, reducing risk and supplying refuges, allowing overall distances to be increased. The technology being implemented is based around an intelligent alert system that controls various automatic features, namely sprinkler systems and A.O.V's.

3.7

Water Strategy The development will minimise the consumption of potable water in sanitary applications and landscape irrigation. Low water use fixtures and fittings will be installed in the building. Fittings, such as flow restrictors, will be fitted in taps and showers. WCs will be provided with dual flush cisterns and fitted with delayed inlet valves. To reduce and delay the discharge of rainfall to public sewers and watercourses, surface water run-off attenuation measures will be evaluated during the detail design & implemented at the initial mobilisation stage.

Multiple Escape Stairs

Multiple Basement Escape Routes

3. Building Performance

Ground Level Assembly; Office; Shop; Commercial. The Institutional element & auditorium shown hatched blue is served by a sprinkler system. Fire Separation creates secure compartments. First Level Assembly; Commercial;. The Commercial element shown hatched blue is served by a sprinkler system.

m 42 m 20

21m

14 m

20m 21m

17m

Second Level Plant Level Whilst not totally open the Fire Engineer has specified a level of fenestration that would give the allowance for open air escape. Roof Level Rooftop Plant; Assembly; Institutional The Fire Engineer has reviewed the proposed use and future plant and sees such low fire risk as to specify the entire space rooftop plant.

16m

28m

28m 26m

26m 2

4. Building Construction

Building Construction

4. Building Construction

4.1 Construction Overview 4.1.1

Challenges in Construction There are several extremes to which this proposal much perform, each of which carry their own construction challenges and who's solutions give The Center its unique characteristics. The largest elements to overcome are literally the largest elements of the scheme; its immense shaft and massive range of moment in regards to its proposed size. Measures and details investigated and included within this document are as follows;

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Basement Construction Vertical Shaft Sinking Steel Frame Construction Glazing Prefabricated Construction Roof Construction Internal Details Moon-Scape Construction

Steel Space Frame

Curtain Walling

Modular Moon-scape

Prefab Panels

4. Building Construction

Moon-Scape

Internal Details

Roof Build Up

External Skin

Steel Frame

Curtain Glazing North/South aspect

Undercroft

Free-fall Shaft -374m A.O.D (9.8 seconds)

4. Building Construction

4.1.2

Scheme Sections

4. Building Construction

4.2 Methods Of Construction 4.2.1

Sheet Piling Press in (not adopted)

5m Deep Excavation

The Press-in Method has variety of superior features, but had one weakness. It was to press-in at hard ground conditions. It has been a long time pending issue in the Press-in Industry. By the standard press-in method and the press-in with water jetting method cannot enable to install sheet piles into hard ground stratum such as sandy gravel layer with boulders and rock layer.

Coring Theory (Chosen method) The "Coring Theoryâ&#x20AC;?, which is press-in with simultaneous augering (drilling), makes sheet piling work possible at hard ground conditions. It dramatically expands the sheet piling range without vitiating the superiorities of the Press-in Method. The lightness and compactness of Super Crush Piler makes sheet piling work possible at limited working spaces and slopes. In addition, because Super Crush Piler firmly grips reaction piles, it hardly overturns during operations. This mechanism provides ultimately high safety performance. The environmentally friendly designs are strictly applied in Super Crush Piler. The Power Unit has the world highest level of engine in smoke emissions and fuel consumption. Biodegradable hydraulic oil and grease are applied as its standard specifications. They can prevent fatal contamination in water and soil, if they are accidentally spilled over, because natural bacteria degrade them in a short period of time. 15m Deep Excavation

Location of Works Basement Plan

1250

4. Building Construction

Pile Auger

2100

Pile Auger Pile Auger

Sheet Pile (1) Sheet Pile (1)

Hose Reel

Crush Piler Crush Piler

Press-in Machine Main Body

29000

Reaction Stand Reaction Stand Counter Weight Counter Weight

Datum Level Datum Level

Chuck Chuck

(1)

1. Set the Reaction Stand on the datum horizontally, setonupthe thedatum Crush 1. line Set the Reactionthen Stand Piler and counterthen weights onthe theCrush line horizontally, set up Reaction Stand. The Pile Auger Piler and counter weights on theis then assembled with the Piler. is then Reaction Stand. TheCrush Pile Auger

2. Pitch the sheet pile (1) into Chuck and 2. grip Pitchit tby he Chuck. sheet pile (1) into Chuck and grip it by Chuck.

3. After checking the alignment and verticality, 3. A fter checkstart ing tpressing-in he alignmenthe t ansheet d pile (1). start pressing-in the sheet verticality, pile (1).

800 kN

Extraction Force

900 kN

Stroke

1,000 mm

Mass

10,600 kg (Includi

Applicable Sheet Piles

Sheet piles Type

Control System

Radio control

1250

(1)

Press-in Force

Pile Auger

Mass

2465

9,600 kg (for 2

Total mass 20,200 kg (2

3215

2100

assembled with the Crush Piler.

Hose Reel

29000

Press-in Machine Main Body

Datum Level Datum Level

Datum Level Datum Level (1) (1)

Sheet Pile (2) Sheet Pile (2)

4. Press-in the sheet pile (1) until Datum Press-in the sheet (2),Datum until a 4. level. Press-in the sheet pile (1)pile until depth where the Auger level. Press-in thePile sheet pilegets (2), until a enough resistance to Auger support the depth where the Pile gets weight Crush Piler. Then self-move enoughofresistance to support the the Crush Piler forward. weight of Crush Piler. Then self-move

(1) (2)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(1) (2)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

5. Press-in the sheet pile (2) until Datum 5. level. Press-in the sheet pile (2) until Datum level.

6. Repeat the procedures 2 to 5 for several the 6. sheet Repeapiles, t the pthen roceremove dures 22465 to 5Reaction for several Stand to complete initial piling. sheet piles, then remove the Reaction Stand to complete initial piling.

3215

Press-in Force

800 kN

Extraction Force

900 kN

Stroke

1,000 mm

Mass

10,600 kg (Including Hose Reel)

Applicable Sheet Piles

Sheet piles Type , , and

Control System

Radio control Pile Auger

Mass

9,600 kg (for 21.0 m)

Total mass 20,200 kg (21.0 m)

the Crush Piler forward.

Method Stages

Plant Technical Details - Hard Ground Press-In Method The Silent Piler - GIKEN

4. Building Construction

4.2.2

Shaft Sinking There are a variety of methods for installation of shafts depending of the basic parameters like size, depth, geology and hydro geology. Sinking shafts below the ground water level can be a difficult process especially in unstable heterogeneous soils where the conventional methods in this field sometimes have to be supported by additional measures like soil stabilization. All individual operations can be performed safely without lowering the ground water level. No personnel are required at any time in the shaft, setting new standards for risk minimization. A submerged gravel pump is located directly on the cutter drum casing. It transports the water and soil mixture through a slurry line to a separation plant on surface. A centrifuge unit can be added to the separation plant to take the fine particles. This improves the transport of the excavated soil and ensures clean shaft water which can be more easily disposed of when emptying the completed shaft.

Recovery Winches

Energy Supply

The lowering unit stabilizes the entire shaft construction against uncontrolled sinking by holding the total weight. Only when each stage of the excavation under the cutting edge of the shaft is done is the complete lining uniformly and precisely lowered. The shaft lining is installed at the surface and will be made up with precast concrete segments.

Supply Lines

For each 100m (approximately) excavated the power and winching plant must be relocated further down the progressing shaft. Small nooks must also be excavated at these levels to house said plant.

Frame

Cutting Arm

VSM

Herrenknecht - Vertical Shaft Sinking Machine

4. Building Construction

Regular Intervals of Plant Re-assembly

-100m A.O.D

VSM

-100m A.O.D

Excavating Below Ground Water Level

Mining Process

4. Building Construction

4.3 Structural Systems

Truss Frame Primary Structure

Perforated Steel Beam Tertiary Structure

Cross Bracing Secondary Structure

4. Building Construction

Cross Bracing Secondary Structure

Perforated Steel Beam Tertiary Structure

Truss Frame Primary Structure

4. Building Construction

4.4 Steel Frame Steel Frame Joint Details 1

Hollow Steel Section 33.6 x 3.2mm

Hollow Steel Section 65.6 x 4.9 mm

Steel Bolt

Polished White Concrete Screed

Composite Slab

Steel Beam

150 mm Concrete/Steel 35 x 350 x 600mm

Rubber Gasket

Insulation

Ceiling Board

Lattice Arch / Floor Beam

Inner Skin/ Support Frame

60 mins fire resistance

Steel Plate

Space Frame/Lattice Arch

Bolted Connection

Outer Skin/ Support Frame

Space Frame/ Lattice Arch

Part Section

4. Building Construction

5 Composite Slab

1 Hollow Steel

Section

Steel Plate

6 Steel Beam

7 Rubber Gasket

4 Polished White

First Level 1:10 Section

Concrete Screed

9 Fire Board

60 mins fire 11

Bolted Connection

Ground Level 1:10 Section

4. Building Construction

4.5 External Material Selection Painted Steel Red Painted Steel White Core 10 Steel Component Details Cladding Panels White concrete & aluminium Precast Concrete Sculptural Stair Solar Panel Array Metal Grill Facade

Glazing Fixing Light Weight

Cladding Panels White Concrete

Square Glazing Metal Frame

Metal Grill Vent Facade

Steel Painted Red Key Materials

4. Building Construction

Painted Steel Red

Core 10 Steel Component Details

Precast Concrete Sculptural Stair Painted Steel Red

Solar Panel Array

Core 10 Steel Component Details

Painted Steel White

Metal Grill Facade Cladding Panels White concrete & aluminium Painted Steel White

Square Glazing White

4. Building Construction

4.6 Internal Material Selection Concrete Screed Industrial Finish Safety Rubber Floor Red Stone Floor Public Areas Painted Steel White White Wall Panels Plaster & Metal White Plaster Internal Fixtures

Large Glazing Panels

Concrete Screed Industrial Finish

Steel Painted White

Raw Steel Untreated Key Materials

4. Building Construction

Core 10 Steel Internal Fixture Details Concrete Screed Industrial Finish

Safety Rubber Floor Red Painted Steel White

White Wall Panels Plaster & Metal

Stone Floor Public Areas

4. Building Construction

4.7 Prefabricated Construction 4.7.1

Transport While the main advantage of prefabricated construction lies in the ability to cut down work on site, transport of the components becomes a much larger challenge. Instead of the rough, work ready construction materials that could be moved with relative ease and in variable quantities a management plan is required for much greater care of what are often delicate and large built elements. Delivery via the Thames for building plant and larger experimental modules are paramount to achieving consistent and reliable access. The site already has access to loading equipment due to its historical use of a power plant.

4.7.2

Frame Basic steel elements will be delivered via road and water, supplied by Hale contractors, and constructed on site. As is typical of steel frame construction it will be a comparatively fast element of construction.

4.7.3

Cladding Cladding panels will make up much of the external facade and internal wall finishes. This is not only to allow for ease of access to the 'skin' of the building, housing the various plant and services, but to give greater diversity in future adaptation. As our science of space travel expands, as will our knowledge, and subsequently training requirements. Cladding is to be supplied in design consultation with a specialist manufacturer; Marley Eternit.

Space Frame Modular Components

Space Frame Elevation Detail

Space Frame Plan Detail

Aluminium frame fixing system 3

Insulation 4

4. Building Construction

cement board 5

Secondary insulation 7

Structural System ‘C’ Sections 6 (if required)

Aluminium frame fixing system 3 Secondary insulation 7 (if required)

Insulation 4 cement board 5

Structural System ‘C’ Sections 6

30mm gap 2

3 4

30mm gap 2

facade material 1

Secondary insulation 7 (if required)

4.8 mm dia

30mm gap 2 16 mm

4.8 mm dia

16 mm

rivet

facade material 1

Fixing Details Plan

Typical Panel Build up "Facades" - Marley Eternit

rivet

Pre-fab Facade Basic Construction & Fixing

4. Building Construction

4.8 Construction Details 4.8.1

Roof

1:50 Floor Section

C 2

B A

4. Building Construction

4.8.2

1:20 Floor Section

C Roof

B 1

A 0

B A

4. Building Construction

4.8.3

External Skin

1 Hollow Steel

Section

2 Cladding Panel

Frame System

3 Rigid Insulation

4 Cladding Material

Outside Inside 5

Bolted Connection

1:10 Section

First level 1:10 Section

Lead Pressing

1 Hollow Steel

Section

3 Rigid Insulation

Outside

Ceiling Void

Facade Panel

Ceiling Board

B A

4. Building Construction

4.8.4

1 Bolted

Curtain Glazing

Connection

2 Expansion Joint 3 Glazing Panel

4 Hollow Steel

Section

Outside Inside B

1:10 Section

4 Hollow Steel

Section

5 Steel Plate

6 Glazing Panel

Frame System

B Outside Inside

4. Building Construction

Lead Pressing

Roof Details

4.8.5

2 Hollow Steel

Section

3 Felt 4 Water Proofing

5 Hollow Steel

Section

6 Steel Edge Beam 7 Insulation 8

Composite Slab

Outside B

1:10 Section

3 Felt 4 Water Proofing

9 Metal Grate

10 Drainage

Channel

7 Insulation

6 Steel Edge Beam

5 Hollow Steel

Section

4. Building Construction

4.8.7

First Floor

1 Polished White

Concrete Screed

2 Steel Plate

3 Perforated Steel

Beam 600mm

5 Insulation

6 Fire Board

60 mins fire resistance

4.8.6

Reinforced Hydraulic Foundation

1 Bolted

Connection

2 Concrete Plinth

3 Aggregate

4 Steel

Reinforcement

Ground

Compacted Earth

4. Building Construction

4.9 Landscape Details

Modular Landscape Panel

Suspension column

Hydraulic Support & Control

Hydraulic Fluid

Motor

Gear Feedback Controlled

Landscape Module

4. Building Construction

Paving Hollow Floor Bolted Connection

'Alien' Flora

Polystyrene Build Up Aluminium Clad Aluminium Frame XXXX Pivot Joint

Grass Top Soil Tap

Sand Substrate Water Filtration

Drainage Channel

Moon

Earth Landscape Types

4. Building Construction

Landscape Concept

4. Building Construction

Bibliography: General Thurrock.gov.uk N.A.S.A - www.nasa.gov Project Icarus - www.icarusinterstellar.org Context EDF 'Site Proposals' 2011 The Environment Agency Gazetteer of Essex Historic Environment Record, Sites and Features National Planning Policy Framework (CLG, 2012) DCLG Planning Policy Statement 25: Development and Flood Risk DCLG (2008) Planning Policy Thurrock - Local Development Framework Thurrock - Site Specific Allocations and Policies Building Regulations Approved Documents. Part B, Part M, Part K Spon's Price Book 2013 Delivery RICS draft guidance note - Comparative construction and engineering contracts RICS draft guidance note: Managing the design delivery Learning Outcomes for European Managers in Construction - Saleem Akram OGC Achieving Excellence Guide 4: Risk and Value Management www.designingbuildings.co.uk Performance Energy.Gov WYG Environment - Bonanical Survey RWE Location of Geotechnical Investigations RWE Travel Plan 2012 Non-technical Energy Strategy 2013 - Mendik Waring Design of Mine Shafts - Dr Isadore Irvin Matunhire Construction Herrenknecht - Pioneering Underground Technologies Herrenknecht - Vertical Shaft Sinking Machine (VSM) URS Floor Risk Assessment 2012 Design of Mine Shafts - Dr Isadore Irvin Matunhire Vertical shaft machines. State of the art and vision - Peter Schm채h Hard Ground Press-In Method The Silent Piler - GIKEN "Facades" - Marley Eternit Elevator Systems of the Eiffel Tower, 1889, - Robert M. Vogel

Undercroft Concept