AMBIVERT IDENTITIES BARCELONA’S NEW SEAFRONT CONNECTION THROUGH SPECTRUM OF INTROVERT AND EXTROVERT SPACES Master Dissertation by Filip Sušic Academic Promoter Kris Scheerlinck
KU Leuven faculty of Architecture Campus Sint-Lucas Ghent Hoogstraat 51, 9000 Ghent, Belgium International Master of Science in Architecture Resilient and Sustainable Strategies Academic year 2016/2017. www.arch.kuleuven.be www.internationalmasterofarchitecture.be June 2017. STREETSCAPE TERRITORIES Streetscape Territories is the name given to an international research project that focuses on the transformation of the urban fabric and considers its streetscapes as protagonists. The research deals with the way architectural artifacts, open space, the property, structure and its inherent accessibility and permeability configure streetscapes and how their inhabitants can give meaning to them. SCHEERLINCK Kris kris.scheerlinck@streetscapeterritories.com streetscapeterritories.wordpress.comv
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This publication is a combination of research and analyses to build up and enforce my design proposal, including a reflection on the research and design. The publication is an attempt to show the unique challenges and opportunities at the specific site, and how architecture can deal or contribute with those challenges and opportunities. This publication will tell a coherent story, a clear insight into the progress and outcome of my dissertation project. This project is developed for a master dissertation project, within the theoretical framework of the streetscape territories research project lead and proposed by SCHEERLINCK KRIS. © 2017 Filip Sušić. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Layout and editing: Filip Sušić Printed and bounded: Filip Sušić Contact: SUŠIĆ Filip Kumodraška 5, 11000 Belgrade, SERBIA susicfilip.arh@gmail.com
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..to my family for believing ..to Kris for opening the ‘box’ ..to Marija for unselfish compassion ..to ‘spartan’ colleagues for standing until the end ... and to Obi for being the ‘light’ in ‘darkest’ moments.
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CONTENTS FOREWORD INTERNATIONAL MASTER
ABSTRACT RESEARCH QUESTION
CITY’S SEAFRONT CONNECTION HISTORICAL LINK WITH THE COAST
FRAMING BARCELONA FIRST IMPRESSION SITE ANALYSIS - FOCUS
INTROVERT / EXTROVERT
CATEGORIZING THE URBAN SPACE DEFINING TERRITORIAL UNITS
REFERENCES
BARCELONA PAVILION NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ROMAN ART BIBLIOTECA ‘DIPÒSIT DE LES AIGÜES PARC DEL CENTRE DEL POBLENOU CEMENT FACTORY TOWNHOUSE SEIJO
AMBIVERT SPACE DEFINITION & INSPIRATION
URBAN VISION EXPLORING THROUGH SECTION
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URBAN STRATEGIES
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DEMOCRATIC SPACE
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BARCELONA’S ZOO FUTURE STRATEGIES 01-04 DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL
METAPHORIC VOID
LAS POZAS CONCRETE PALACE LA SCARZUOLA ASTRONOMICAL PARK JANTAR MANTAR
ARCHITECTURE OF MADNESS
MATERIALITY PALETTE OF TEXTURES
ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS THE GATE - FOCUS 1 THE HILL - FOCUS 2 THE MAZE - FOCUS 3
CONCLUSION THE ONGOING STORY
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FOREWORD INTERNATIONAL MASTER
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“What ever you are, be a good one.� A. Lincoln Being part of the international master program at Faculty of Architecture, Campus Sint-Lucas, offers multicultural working environment, contrasting and divers approaches to architecture and life, and richness of differences. However, here it is not all about architecture. It is about opening the horizons, setting up a vision of us as architects, but even more importantly as thinking humans. It is the beginning of our new first step.
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ABSTRACT RESEARCH QUESTION
Keywords: introverted/extroverted, implicit/explicit, border/boundary, territorial units Definition of urban space and architecture through notion of introversion and extroversion focuses on the specific parameters that depict the appearance of ones in physical world. They should not be perceived as dichotomous terms which oppose each other, yet as complementary forces that intertwine and blur own limits, thus creating complex relations. Following Carl Jung statement that every person possesses both sides, likewise every space contains traits of introversion and extroversion. Primary distinction of certain territorial units is expressed through borders and boundaries that physically and/or mentally delimit space into smaller entities which interrelate. Analyzing through criteria of permeability, accessibility, proximity, height, luminosity, materiality, framing and position; introverted and extroverted zones could be methodically mapped and assessed. Layer of implicitness and explicitness of the space definition is additional parameter that helps to investigate, classify and stratify more precise the aforementioned typology of spaces on the site. Introverted space could be understood as space with tendency pointed towards itself/inside. It is mostly dependent on the interior, notion of enclosure, privacy and intention of protection. It seeks autonomy of its internal milieu, focusing on local qualities and neglecting to a certain degree the relations with surrounding. / 10
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COULD VARIOUS LEVELS OF COLLECTIVITY BE ACHIEVED BY INTERTWINING THE INTROVERSION AND EXTROVERSION AS DESIGNING TOOL FOR BARCELONA’S NEW URBAN IDENTITY, AS OPEN-END PROCESS ? Extroverted space could be understood as space centrifugally oriented towards outer world, beyond its limits. The notion of dominance is expressed through strong relations with the environment, greater permeability and accessibility. It relates and overlaps with its context, thus generating complex level of collectivity. Vast undefined/underused zone of the train station, which is physically limited by two walls (Zoo’s and La Ronda’s), should be integrated into new matrix of territorial units. By shaping this zone, it could implicitly interlink city with seafront. Instead of blending in to the existing urban identities, the intention is to create the *ambivert space, interaction zone that would redefine this area, and consequently generate new identity of the future city of Barcelona. *Ambivert space (from architectural point of view) is the urban space that could have characteristics of both introverted and extroverted space, with certain degree of adaptability to users’ needs, tolerant and democratic space. Questions / Guidelines: _ What is distinction between border and boundary that limits the urban space? _ How are introversion and extroversion expressed physically in architecture? _ Could physical aspect also define identity of the space in implicit and/or explicit way? _ Does the human perception of a space, and the use of itself define space differently? _ What are the existing systems of territorial units and could shift of its relations generate new urban identity? / Filip Sušic
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C I TY ’ S SE AFRO NT C ONNE C T ION H I STO RICAL LIN K WITH THE CO AS T
“The present form of the city (Barcelona) fronting the sea illustrates the story of alternating desire and distrust” M. De Sola-Morales Although Barcelona has been know through history as a marine city, its’ relation towards cost has been shifting during centuries. From decision to concur the seafront, to total abandonment and turning towards the mainland. Nonetheless, city has always had poetic link with it, unlike other harbor cities. After the Olympic Games in 1992, people of Barcelona truly connected with the sea. / 12
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FRAMING BARCELONA FIRST IMPRESSION - FOCUS
“We don’t surf, we dive.” K. Scheerlinck From the first site visit, it was focused on given framework of streetscapes territories. The analysis were based on five main question: territorial depth, spatial configuration, collective space, proximity, spatial delimitation. Vibrant context and rich history, like Barcelona’s offered abundance of input, which need to be filtered and classified and organized in systematical way. Furthermore, the idea for personal topic should be crystallized from the data and impressions.
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FRAMING BARCELONA SITE ANALYSIS - FOCUS
The given site has certain significant spots the are defining the character of neighborhood. Underused zone of the railway of Estacio de Franca, and adjacent green zones , in relation with Barcelona Zoo, generates huge barrier in longitudinal direction between two districts El Born and Poblenou. At the same time , dominant penetration of La Ronda ring road, isolated this zone from the sea front. Through set of images, Urban Panoramic Elevation has been made in order to depict different scenarios that overlap. Stressing out various borders and barriers that delimit the space. The itinerary was following the transversal axis from seaside towards mainland.
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Introvert space (explicit expression) Introvert space (implicit expression) Extrovert space (implicit expression) Extrovert space (explicit expression)
SPATIAL QUALITIES OF SITE AND BROADER CONTEXT
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INTROVERT / EXTROVERT CATEGORIZING THE URBAN SPACE
“Every person possesses both side, introvert and extrovert.” C. Jung After the first analysis the topic was conceived. The focus was on how the introversion and extroversion are manifesting in architecture and border urban environment. Thus, the it was necessary to map and classify those space on site. Layer of implicitness and explicitness was introduced as additional parameter in order to classify and stratify more precise the aforementioned typology of spaces in the city. Four categories of spaces can be depict through explanatory spots on the site: introvert explicit - Parc Zoological de Barcelona; introvert implicit - Carrer de Wellington; extrovert explicit - Platja de la Barceloneta, extrovert implicit - Estacio de Franca. Consequently the definitions of the introvert and extrovert spaces have been defined. Introverted space could be understood as space with tendency pointed towards itself/inside. It is mostly Dependant on the interior, notion of enclosure, privacy and intention of protection. It seeks autonomy of its internal milieu, focusing on local qualities and neglecting to a certain degree the relations with surrounding. Extroverted space could be understood as space centrifugally oriented towards outer world, beyond its limits. The notion of dominance is expressed through strong relations with the environment, greater permeability and accessibility. It relates and overlaps with its context, thus generating complex level of collectivity.
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INTROVERT / EXTROVERT DEFINING THE TERRITORIAL UNITS
“Border is a zone of interaction, where things meet and intersect; boundary is frontier where something ends” R. Sennett In order to understand the site through lens of the established topic, territorial units have been taken as next relevance. And the relations between them. It has been mapped four types of relations: aggregated, segregated, integrated and overlapped. Through that process certain cluster have been spotted. Primary distinction of certain territorial units is expressed through borders and boundaries that physically and/or mentally delimit space into smaller entities which interrelate. Finally, certain criteria have been established through which the space was assessed and analyzed on the site, as well as in the references of local examples 1. Permeability – borders/boundaries porosity 2. Accessibility 3. Proximity – distance between borders/boundaries 4. Space height 5. Luminosity 6. Materiality 7. Framing / Viewpoints 8. Proportion of qualities 9. Position in configuration
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REFERENCES
BARCELONA PAVILION Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Barcelona, Spain
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REFERENCES
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ROMAN ART Rafael Moneo, Madera, Spain
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REFERENCES
BIBLIOTECA ‘DIPÒSIT DE LES AIGÜES L.Clotet & I. Paricio, Barcelona, Spain
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REFERENCES
PARC DEL CENTRE DEL POBLENOU Jean Nouvel, Barcelona, Spain
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Jean Nouvel’s park in Poblenou presents exceptional example of designing the green urban space. The park consists of four urban block, which are cut through by the street. What is intriguing is the huge unpermeable green walls that explicitly delimit the space inside. It fills that you are almost magnetized to enter. Inside of each block of the park there is different theme, from spiral ramp, dense forest, to huge artistically paved surface. This contrast between strong delimitation and abundance of different scenarios inside, makes this park of the best examples of creative answers to urban landscape design.
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REFERENCES
CEMENT FACTORY Ricardo Bofill, Barcelona, Spain
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One of the most prominent Catalan architect, Ricardo Bofill has demonstrated huge ingenuity, by transforming old cement factory into his atelier, cover with greenery. He has implemented elongated arched windows, as a traditional architectonic element of Catalonia. What is significant in this project, is the process itself. The alternation of the interior as well as the exterior, happened gradually. And it still occurs. From time to time, Ricardo bring some new changes to it, constantly improving his ‘home’. It seems, that it can never be truly finished.
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TOWNHOUSE SEIJO
REFERENCES
SANAA, Tokyo, Japan
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Extraordinary solution of SANAA office for residential zone in Tokyo, presents atypical solution of clustered apartment units. The relations between solids and voids generates various levels of collectivity. From an aspect of introvertness and etrovertness, it is highly depictive example of how different types of spaces could be created by having complex spatial configurations.
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AMBIVERT SPACE DEFINITION & INSPIRATION
“Collective spaces are not strictly public or private, but both simultaneously...spectrum in between.” M. De Sola-Morales Than, the question opposes: does the space of both characteristics exists? What would be the ambivert space and how would it be defined? From architectural point of view, definition of the urban space and architectural through notion of introversion and extroversion focuses on the specific parameters that depict the appearance of ones in physical world. They should not be perceived as dichotomous terms which oppose each other, yet as complementary forces that intertwine and blur own limits, thus creating complex relations. Ambivert space is the space that could have characteristics of both introvert and extrovert, with certain degree of adaptability to users’ needs; tolerant, democratic, collective space,; in two words - Third Space
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URBAN VISION EXPLORING THROUGH SECTION
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“If density and diversity give life, the life they breed is disorderly.” J. Jacobs Inspiration from lithographically drawing of abstract artist Escher, created intention to try to experiment with traditional Catalan architectural element - elongated arched window. It was used in urban scale, in order to examine the space through different constellations, in section, by providing an infrastructure for various programs.
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URBAN VISION EXPLORING THROUGH SECTION
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URBAN STRATEGIES
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URBAN STRATEGIES BARCELONA’S ZOO FUTURE
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The existing Barcelona’s Zoo presents obsolete contemporary model of captivated ‘nature’ entertainment, the obviously is not sustainable anymore, mostly concerning the living conditions of animals. The urban vision of the zone is to change its’ character into more didactic, exploratory and participatory , focusing on local Mediterranean flora and faun. It could go alongside with the vision with WWF for more ‘natural’ approach towards this topic.
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STRATEGY 01 First decision is to interrupt Passeig de Circumvallacio and to straighten the educational character of those clustered territorial units, such as faculty, two schools and community sports center.
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STRATEGY 02 Second step would be expansion of the zoo, on the site of the rails. The zoo would turn into zoological park. Train station (with new public function) would get a new purpose, centrifugal point for surrounding segregated territorial units allowing greater accessibility. In addition, tram line would be extended to the seafront, thus connecting this two zones.
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STRATEGY 03 Few undeveloped ‘green’ blocks above the metro station could become, development project, relating to existing the UPF university. It should emphasize even more the distinction between the park and surrounding block, by also extending existing sold wall in Carrer de Wellington.
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STRATEGY 04 Last step would be the creation of the new link with the seafront. It would be the extension of the zoo itself inside Parc de la Barceloneta, by subtle bridge. It would additional differentiate the distinction between extrovert and introvert zones (zoological park).
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DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL BORDER COMPOSITION
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Liberated blocks above metro station have huge potential to be further developed in relation to existing aggregated university territorial units. It could benefit significantly the character of the neighborhood if it would provide housing units for students and young graduates in combination to recreational zones.
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INTERVENTION BORDER COMPOSITION
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DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL SOLIDS AND VOIDS
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INTERVENTION VOLUME COMPOSITION
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DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL TERRITORIAL UNITS
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INTERVENTION TERRITORIAL UNITS
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DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL LEVEL OF COLLECTIVITY
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METAPHORIC VOID
LAS POZAS Edward James, Xilitla, Mexico
Observing and studying few peculiar examples of architecture, the notion of metaphoric void was introduced. As a part of the initial framework, it was meant to be used as tool for removing usual constrains, and allow greater creativity for the solutions. However, the notion of metaphoric void in this topic, appeared as crucial step in designing process. It allowed to create a space the, necessarily does not have specific function, which codetermines the architectural expression. Nevertheless, it is not programless installation, for the sake of the aesthetics. The function can occur from users itself. 62-65/ Figure
Las Pozas in Mexico is a perfect example. It is a property in jungle, that has been designed and executed by the surrealist artist Edward James. He has created his own imaginary concrete kingdom which blurs with the nature. That has been his sanctuary, and it has distinctive character of ruins, evoking that it has never been finished, although perhaps that was the true intention. / 50
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CONCRETE PALACE
METAPHORIC VOID
Xavier Corbero, Barcelona, Spain
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Residence of recently deceased artist Xavier Corbero, is the masterpiece that has distinguishing character of Barcelona. The labyrinth of concrete arched windows, patios and galleries, create iconic scenography of light and shadows through out of day. By the words of Xavier, it is “a place in which mental space, not the real one, is what matters.” / Filip Sušic
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METAPHORIC VOID
LA SCARZUOLA Tomasso Buzzi, Montegabbione, Italy
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La Scarzuola is the 16th-century monastery that has been turned into a surrealist architecture compound. His style blends reality with surrealist architecture incorporating structures and details from Classical to Medieval and even Renaissance architecture, all tied together by overarching Neomannerist elements such as stairways leading in multiple directions, general unbalance and disproportion, and monstrous and fantastical design elements. His work spans the body of surrealism from Dali and Miro to M.C. Escher, echoing their dark works in his immense compound. The core of the Città Ideale is formed by seven theaters, representing Buzzi’s notion that the ideal life (and the mysterious initiations associated with it) is inherently and symbolically theatrical. / 52
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JANTAR MANTAR
METAPHORIC VOID
Astronomical park, New Delhi, India
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Jantra Mantra astornomical park, has been built in 18th century, and consist of 13 architectural astronomy instruments. The primary purpose of the observatory was to compile astronomical tables and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets. Although it has lost its’ original purpose during the time, still it possesses immensely strong spatial narrative that exceed it origins, even after being perceived as obsolete. / Filip Suťic
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DEMOCRATIC SPACE ARCHITECTURE OF MADNESS, LEÓN FERRARI
“Democratic space means creating a forum for strangers to interact” R. Sennett One of the four key elements for going towards open society is the presence of the democratic space, declares prof Sennett. “Democracy in which people live in isolation is not democracy” Alexis De Toqueville. Creating the sense of mutual apprehension between every member of society is th basis of responsible and sustainable society. Can architecture create social cohesion? Could different appropriation and even misappropriation of the same space allow social tolerance through architecture? Can ambivert space be used as mediating zone between different social groups? As an inspirational drawing, it has been taken heliographic drawing of conceptual artist Leon Ferrari, with series of paradoxical stages, that can be read as a metaphors of contemporary cities where alienated individuals wander – without any apparent logic – through irrational urban patterns. The works turn the technical drawings into a narrative. However, at the same time the same narrative can be used as visual depiction of the blurred transition between different spheres of the introvert and extrovert spaces, with various overlapped scenarios.
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MATERIALITY PALLET OF TEXTURES
“Architecture starts when you carefully put two brick together. There it begins.” Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Traditional Catalan materials such as brick and ceramic have been dominantly present through out Barcelona. Many contemporary masterpieces have been done in by virtuous usage of these building materials. These pallet of texture observed and collected during the site visits, inspired certain decision, such as to utilize aforementioned materials as expressive and iconic elements of Barcelona’s tradition and culture.
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ARCHITECTURAL INTERVENTIONS
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FOCAL SPOTS According to urban strategy, it was logical to decide to focus and develop the border zones. The intention was to re-think the ‘wall’, and to try to implement traits of introversion and extroversion in it. Three focal spots have been chosen. First and major one, is the connection of the beach and Parc de la Barceloneta. Second is the connection of the park and Estacio de Franca. Third spot is developing zone in the extension of Carrer de Wellington.
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THE GATE - FOCUS 1 This longitudinal zone is th new connection between Parc de La Barceloneta, which is point to become zoological park, and Platja de Barceloneta. The new entrance have been digged bellow Passeig the Maritime, thus connecting zones underground. The whole entrance zone is lowered for four meters on the level of the beach, therefore creating divers spaces the are visually hidden from the busy promenade. It is designed to provide some additional commercial spaces. Solid arched brick structure emphasizes the entrance.
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IN CONSTRUCTION... THE GATE - CONSTRUCTION SITE PLAN
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THE WALL TYPOLOGY OF SPACES INTROVER EXPLICIT INTROVERT IMPLICIT EXTROVERT EXPLICIT EXTROVERT IMPLICIT
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THE HILL - FOCUS 2 The transition zone between train station and park, is perceived as an artificial hill. Playing with topography various spatial narratives are generated with stairs, ramps and rest. It is implicitly divide in five zones, each of them having special narrative. Huge ramp has a purpose to frame the visitor towards the Olympic towers. While as massive stairs, are inaccessibly, triggering the curiosity of the user to find another way up.
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THE WALL TYPOLOGY OF SPACES INTROVER EXPLICIT INTROVERT IMPLICIT EXTROVERT EXPLICIT EXTROVERT IMPLICIT
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THE MAZE - FOCUS 3 The third zones is divide into two parts by a tram line avenue separating them. One side is the extension of the existing solid zoo wall, and it is designed to be an permeable entrance zone towards the park. On the other side massive brick structure is perceived as an infrastructural for further development of th residential and recreational zone for students.
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PERSPECTIVE ELEVATION
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108/ Figure
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109-117/ Figure
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118/ Figure
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CONCLUSION THE ONGOING STORY
“Do not worry when you are not recognized, but strive to be worthy of recognition.” A. Lincoln This project can be perceived as highly decadent or extravagant with pure formalistic intention, almost as installation. However, it is much more than that. It is about spatial qualities that redefine the boundary in different scenarios, generating speculative and invented narratives, giving their own meaning to it. This is a space where people can decide on their own what they want to do, and how they want to appropriate it, without any per-attached connotation. It is intentionally that this diverse spaces are left nonprogrammed. Nevertheless, it does not exclude the possibility of becoming programmed one day. Thus, it is important that these diverse spaces become and remain highly tolerant, democratic spaces in every sense. I am aware that proposed type of architecture opposes certain conflicts, such as lack of social control and security, that it will be for sure misused and misappropriate by certain groups of people. Still, it is similar to any other park or public space. In fact, it is vast and varied enough, that could allow the diversity of its’ users. More importantly, it fits with 3.0 Barcelona’s vision of a city that embraces differences and tolerance.
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CONCLUSION THE ONGOING STORY
All three zones are designed mostly in brick and ceramics, which are traditional Catalan building materials. From another perspective, it is about MAKING PROCESS, putting a lot of effort into details. Obviously, it is invasive project in material and time. However, at the same time it is about building process learning from it while constructing. It is about experimenting with space, open-air atelier of construction, laboratory for bricks and ceramics. In order to turn the situation more economical, it is intended to use recuperated materials. Looking in long term, it is the uncertainty that gives quality to this project. It can be built in five, ten, twenty five years. Therefore, the project itself has been presented through construction stages, and not as a finished project. Finally what is the essential message, it emphasizes the ‘ongoing’ process of construction, like in Gaudi’s masterpiece Sagrada Familia. This is the project the ‘tells the story’ about new Barcelona while it is being built.
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119/ Figure
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Schoonderbeek, Marc (Ed.), Avermaete, Tom et al. (2010). Border Conditions. Delft: Architecture & Natura Press and TU Delft. 2. Scheerlinck, Kris. (2013). Collective Spaces Streetscape Territories Notebook. Streetscape Territories Notebooks, 2. Brussels: LUCA School of Arts. 3. Scheerlinck, Kris. (2014). Raval, Barcelona Streetscape Territories Notebook. Streetscape Territories Notebooks, 4. Brussel: LUCA School of Arts. 4. Sennett, Richard. (2006). The Open City. newspaper essay, Urban Age. Berlin. 5. Sennett, Richard. (2005). Democratic Spaces. Hunch 9, Berlage Institute, TU Delft , pp. 40-47. 6. de Solà-Morales, Manuel (2008). Ten lessons on Barcelona: urbanistic episodes that have made the modern city. Barcelona. Collegi d’Arquitectes de Catalunya. 7. Herranz, Miguel. (2016). Barcelona Rooftops. Editorial Gustavo Gili. Barcelona. 8. Xhambazi, Arta. (2015). Thinking Architecture through the Traits of Extroversion and Introversion: Territory as a Question of Environmental Orientation and Autonomy, University of Priština, Prišitna.
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FIGURE LIST 01/ ‘A view from Torre Mapfre’ - Miguel Herranz 02/ Estació de França - photo by author 03/ Aerial photo of Barcelona- photo by author 04/ Panorama of Ghent - photo by author 05/ Site model - by author 06/ Ambiance - drawing by author 07/ Panorama of the site - photo by author 08-09/ Urban Panoramic Elevation - photo by author 10/ Urban mapping 1 - drawing by author 11/ Urban mapping 2 - drawing by author 12/ Plan of Barcelona Pavilion - drawing by author 13-17/ Barcelona Pavilion - photos by author 18-30/ National museum of Roman Art - http://www.archdaily. com/625552/ad-classics-national-museum-of-roman-art-rafaelmoneo 31-36/ Biblioteca ‘Diposit de les agues’ - drawings and photos by author 37-43/ Par del centre del Poblenou - photos by author 44-47/ Cement factory - http://www.archdaily.com/294077/thefactory-ricardo-bofill 48-50/ Townhouse Seijo - http://www.domusweb.it/en/ architecture/2008/06/19/kazuyo-sejima-seijoville.html 51/ Convex and Concave - http://www.mcescher.com/gallery/ recognition-success/convex-and-concave/ 52/ Urban section - drawing by author 53/ Panoramic montage - drawing by author 54-57/ Strategy maps - drawings by author 58-61/ Urban development maps - drawings by author 62-65/ Las Pozas - http://www.archdaily.com/790389/inside-laspozas-edward-james-surrealist-garden-in-the-mexican-jungle 66-69/ Concrete Palace - https://architizer.com/blog/videocatalan-sculptor-xavier-corbero-walks-us-through-his-poetic-home/ media/1680428/ 70-73/ La Scarzuola - http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/ la-scarzuola 74-77/ Astronomical park Jantar Mantar - https://vilingstore.net/
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Drevnyaya-indiyskaya-observatoriya-DzhantarMantar-i67933 78/ Architecture of Madness - http://socks-studio. com/2014/01/31/the-architecture-of-madness-leon-ferrarisheliographias/ 79/ Collage of textures - photos by author 80/ Site model - photos by author 81/ Montage, Focus 1 - drawing by author 82/ Ambiance 1, Focus 1 - drawing by author 83/ Axonometry 1, Focus 1 - drawing by author 84/ Ambiance 2, Focus 1 - drawing by author 85/ Axonometry 2, Focus 1 - drawing by author 86/ Ambiance 3, Focus 1 - drawing by author 87/ Panoramic section, Focus 1 - drawing by author 88/ Site plan, Focus 1 - drawing by author 89/ Detail, Focus 1 - drawing by author 90/ Scheme, Focus 1 - drawing by author 91/ Model, Focus 1 - photo by author 92/ Montage, Focus 2 - drawing by author 93/ Ambiance 1, Focus 2 - drawing by author 94/ Axonometry 1, Focus 2 - drawing by author 95/ Ambiance 2, Focus 2 - drawing by author 96/ Axonometry 2, Focus 2 - drawing by author 97/ Ambiance 3, Focus 2 - drawing by author 98/ Panoramic elevation, Focus 2 - drawing by author 99/ Site plan, Focus 2 - drawing by author 100/ Ambiance 4, Focus 2 - drawing by author 101/ Scheme, Focus 2 - drawing by author 102/ Model, Focus 2 - photo by author 103/ Ambiance 1, Focus 3 - drawing by author 104/ Axonometry 1, Focus 3 - drawing by author 105/ Ambiance 2, Focus 3 - drawing by author 106/ Axonometry 2, Focus 3 - drawing by author 107/ Ambiance 3, Focus 3 - drawing by author 108/ Panoramic elevation, Focus 3 - drawing by author 109-118/ Model, Focus 3 - photos by author 119/ Ambiance 2 - drawing by author
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‘Bienvenido a Barcelona!’ Gentjanska Pilitjarija™