Firefighters Newsmagazine by FireFightersNewsMagazine

Bedroom Fire Safety What’s It Like To Have A Chimney Fire? Keeping Safe From The “Silent Killer” Top 10 Safety Tips

Firefighters Newsmagazine

Contents Fire Prevention And Safety Tips You Must Live By . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 Bedroom Fire Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Electrical Appliance Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Fire Extinguishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Fire Extinguishers At Home . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Fire In Your Apartment Building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Essential Fire Safety Information For Emergency Shelters . . . . . . . . .14 Flames Belong On Birthday Cakes Only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 What’s It Like To Have A Chimney Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Fireworks Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Forest Fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Reduce The Risk Of Electrical Fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Gasoline Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Home Fire Safety Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26 Fire Safety For Everyone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 Fire Safety For The Disabled . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Keeping Safe From The “Silent Killer” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Fire Safety Is Your Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Tips For Safe Heating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 Top 10 Safety Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 When Lights And Sirens Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Survive A Fire In Your Home...Plan Your Escape Today . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Smoke Detectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Seven Deadly Safety Sins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Plan Ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50 Outdoor Cooking Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54

Firefighters Newsmagazine

People always say that an ounce of prevention is way much better than a pound of cure. It’s really true when it comes to fire - it’s so destructive that in a blink of an eye it could take away all your properties, and even lives. So in order to protect yourself and family, here are prevention tips you should practice at home. I. At Home 1. A burning lamp or candle should be placed away from the curtains and should be placed in a spot where the wind, pets and little children could not topple it. Never leave it unattended or else the fire might spread to the curtains. Put it out before sleeping. 2. Keep matches and lighters away from children’s reach.

Fire Prevention and Safety Tips You Must Live By

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3. Flammable objects like gasoline and alcohol must be stored in a safe place. Cover flammable containers lightly. 4. Clean your roof and attic regularly. Get rid of leaves, wood shavings and other rubbish that could start fire.

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5. When burning all the rubbish, make sure the fire is totally put out, and no smoke could be seen. Extinguish all smoldering coals. 6. Never, ever smoke in bed. After smoking, make sure the flame is out completely, without any presence of smoke. 7. Before retiring at night or leaving the house, inspect all the appliances and check if they’re already turned off. Check all the wires, cables and tanks. 8. Educate your children on what to do in case of fire. 9. Always place your door keys somewhere near the door, or on the door itself. Make sure every one in the family knows where the keys are. Better yet, make sure they have duplicates of it, so in case of fire, you’ll be able to make your way out. Never mix the door keys with other keys. II. In The Kitchen 1. When cooking, don’t leave the stove unattended. Keep little children and flammable objects away from it.

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2. Check your kitchen regularly for gas/oil leaks. 3. Avoid wearing loose clothes when cooking as it might catch fire. 4. Always use potholders when holding something hot, like frying pans or kettles. 5. Don’t reach over a burning stove. You might get burned or your clothes might catch fire. III. What To Do In Case Of Fire When your clothes catch fire, don’t panic. Immediately fall to the ground and roll to put out the fire. Running will only make the fire spread to other areas or parts of your clothes and will therefore make it intense. If this is not possible, use a blanket or towel. When you’re in a hotel, don’t forget to check the fire exit’s location. You’ll never when know the unexpected occurs. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel or hanky and crawl your way out if your room is filled with smoke. Remember, it is always safer to know what you should do to keep accidents from happening, and know how to respond to the situation when it’s there, than to panic due to ignorance. Take care!

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Bedroom Fire Safety Bedroom Fire Safety

Each year, fire claims the lives of thousands of Canadians and injures approximately 20,000. Bedrooms are a common area of fire origin. Nearly 600 lives are lost to fires that start in bedrooms. Many of these fires are caused by misuse or poor maintenance of electrical devices, such as overloading extension cords or using portable space heaters too close to combustibles. Many other bedroom fires are caused by children who play with matches and lighters, careless smoking among adults, and arson. Kids and Fire: A Bad Match Children are one of the highest risk groups for deaths in residential fires. At home, children usually play with fire lighters, matches and other ignitables - in bedrooms, in closets, and under beds. These are “secret” places where there are a lot of things that catch fire easily. • Children of all ages set over 35,000 fires annually. • Every year over 400 children nine years and younger die in home fires. • Keep matches and lighters locked up and away from children. Check under beds and in closets for burnt matches, evidence your child may be playing with matches. • Teach your child that fire is a tool, not a toy.

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Appliances Need Special Attention Bedrooms are the most common rooms in the home where electrical fires start. Electrical fires are a special concern during winter months which call for more indoor activities and increases in lighting, heating, and appliance use. • Do not trap electric cords against walls where heat can build up. • Take extra care when using portable heaters. Keep bedding, clothes, curtains and other combustible items at least three feet away from space heaters. • Only use lab-approved electric blankets and warmers. Check to make sure the cords are not frayed.

Tuck Yourself In For a Safe Sleep • Never smoke in bed. • Replace mattresses made before the 1973 Federal Mattress Flammability Standard. Mattresses made since then are required by law to be safer. Finally, having working smoke alarms dramatically increases your chances of surviving a fire. Place at least one smoke alarm on each level of your home and in halls outside bedrooms. And remember to practice a home escape plan frequently with your family.

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Electrical Appliance Safety • Always buy CSA approved appliances • Always follow the manufacturers usage instructions - don’t overload them • Always disconnect appliances before cleaning them • Always have defective appliances checked professionally • Always disconnect appliances when not in use, particularly when going on vacation ALWAYS CONSULT A CERTIFIED ELECTRICIAN IF YOU ARE NOT SURE

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Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers are labeled according to the type of fire on which they may be used. Fires involving wood or cloth, flammable liquids, electrical, or metal sources react differently to extinguishers. Using one type of extinguisher on the wrong type of fire could be dangerous and make matters even worse. Traditionally, the labels A,B, C or D have been used to indicate the type of fire on which an extinguisher is to be used. Type A A Type A label is in a triangle on the extinguisher. This extinguisher is used for ordinary combustibles such as cloth, wood, rubber and many plastics. Type B A Type B label is in a square on the extinguisher. This extinguisher is used for flammable liquid fires such as oil, gasoline, paints, lacquers, grease, and solvents.

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Type C A Type C label is in a circle on the extinguisher. This extinguisher is used for electrical fires such as in wiring, fuse boxes, energized electrical equipment and other electrical sources. Type D A Type D label is in a star on the extinguisher. This extinguisher is used for metal fires such as magnesium, titanium and sodium. These types of fires are very dangerous and as a rule, should be avoided by the general public. Call 911 Many of the fire extinguishers you will find in day to day life are multipurpose (ABC). Read the label on the fire extinguisher(s) in your area before the need arises for their use. Using the P A S S system can help to remind you of the correct steps to follow when attempting to extinguish a fire:

Pull the pin. Aim low; point at the base of the fire Squeeze the handle Sweep from side to side keeping the extinguisher aimed at the base of the fire.

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When to Fight a Fire You should fight a fire with a fire extinguisher only when all the following are true: 1. An evacuation alarm has been issued. 2. 911 has been called. 3. The fire is small and confined to the immediate areas where it started such as in a wastebasket, cushion, small appliance, stove, etc. 4. You have a clear escape route behind you when you are fighting the fire. 5. Your extinguisher is rated for the type of fire you are fighting and is in good working order. 6. You have had training in use of the extinguisher and are confident that you can operate it effectively. 7. Never go back into a burning building! Remember, if you have the slightest doubt about whether or not to fight the fire, Don’t!. Instead, Get Out!, closing the door behind you to slow the spread of the fire.

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Fire Extinguishers at Home When used properly, a portable fire extinguisher can save lives and property by putting out a small fire or controlling it until the fire department arrives. Portable extinguishers, intended for the home, are not designed to fight large or spreading fires. However, even against small fires, they are useful only under certain conditions: • The operator must know how to use the extinguisher. There is no time to read directions during an emergency. • The extinguisher must be within easy reach and in working order, fully charged. • Some models are unsuitable for use on grease or electrical fires. Select Your Extinguisher Choose your extinguisher carefully. A fire extinguisher should bear the seal of an independent testing laboratory. It should also be labeled as to the type of fire it is intended to extinguish. The extinguisher must be large enough to put out the fire. Most portable extinguishers discharge completely in as few as eight seconds. Classes of fires: There are three basic classes of fires. All fire extinguishers are labeled with standard symbols for the classes of fires they can put out. A red slash through any of the symbols tells

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you the extinguisher cannot be used on that class fire. A missing symbol tells you only that the extinguisher has not been tested for use on a given class of fire. Class A: Ordinary combustibles such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics. Class B: Flammable liquids such as gasoline, oil, grease, tar, oilbased paint, lacquer, and flammable gas. Class C: Energized electrical equipment including wiring, fuse boxes, circuit breakers, machinery, and appliances. Many household fire extinguishers are “multipurpose” A-B-C models, labeled for use on all three classes of fire. If you are ever faced with a Class A fire, and you don’t have an extinguisher with an “A” symbol, don’t hesitate to use one with the “B:C” symbols. Warning: It is dangerous to use water or an extinguisher labeled only for Class A fires on a grease or electrical fire. Extinguisher sizes: Portable extinguishers are also rated for the size of fire they can handle. This rating is a number from 1 to 40

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for Class A fires and 1 to 640 for Class B fires. The rating will appear on the label. The larger the number, the larger the fire extinguisher can put out. Higher-rated models are often heavier. Make sure you can hold and operate the extinguishers are rated 1A or 2A and/or 5B, 10B, or 20B. The “C” just indicates that you can use it on electrical fires. Installation and Maintenance Extinguishers should be installed in plain view above the reach of children near an escape route and away from stoves and heating appliances. Extinguishers require routine care. Read your operator’s manual and ask your dealer how your extinguisher should be inspected and serviced. Rechargeable models must be serviced after every use. Disposable fire extinguishers can be used only once; they must be replaced after one use. Following manufacturer’s instructions, check the pressure in your extinguishers once a month. Remember the Pass Word Stand 6 to 8 feet away from the fire and follow the four-step PASS procedure. If the fire does not begin to go out immediately, leave the area at once. Always be sure the fire department inspects the fire site. PULL the pin out: This unlocks the operating lever and allows you to discharge the extinguisher. Some extinguishers have other

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devices that prevent inadvertent operation. AIM low: Point the extinguisher nozzle (or hose) at the base of the fire. SQUEEZE the lever below the handle: This discharges the extinguishing agent. Releasing the lever will stop the discharge. Some extinguishers have a button that you press. SWEEP from side to side: Moving carefully toward the fire, keep the extinguisher aimed at the base of the fire and sweep back and forth until the flames appear to be out. Watch the fire area. If the fire re-ignites, repeat the process. Should You Fight The Fire? Before you begin to fight a fire: • Make sure everyone has left, or is leaving, the building. • Make sure the fire department has been notified by dialing 911. • Make sure the fire is confined to a small area and that it is not spreading beyond the immediate area. • Make sure you have an unobstructed escape route to which the fire will not spread. • Make sure that you have read the instructions and that you know how to use the extinguisher. • It is dangerous to fight a fire under any other circumstances. Instead, leave immediately and close off the doors and windows if possible.

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Fire in Your Apartment Building Instructions to stick on your door. Learn what to do if a fire happens in your building. This is the best way to protect yourself and those around you. This brochure contains general advice for tenants of buildings that are three storeys high or more. If you live in a building with fewer than three storeys, talk to you superintendent or landlord and work out a personal fire safety plan. Do it now! Every fire is different. You must act quickly when you hear the alarm or discover a fire. You must always protect yourself from smoke. Remember, most people die from smoke, not fire. Here is what to do. • Tell everyone in your apartment to leave. • Close all doors behind you. • Pull the fire alarm on your floor and yell fire. • Leave the building using the nearest stairway. • Call the fire department when you are safe. • Meet the firefighters at the front entrance and tell them where the fire is. To go or to stay...the decision is yours Most of the time, the best thing to do in a fire is leave the building as soon as possible. But in some cases you may not be able to leave and you may have to stay in your apartment. In either case you must act quickly. No matter what your decision you must protect yourself from the smoke.

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Check the door to your apartment. If smoke is entering from around the door, do not open it. Protect yourself from smoke inside your apartment as described later. • If there is no smoke, brace yourself and open the door a little. • If you see smoke or feel heat, close the door quickly and protect yourself • If the corridor is clear, take your keys, lock your door, and go to the nearest stairway. • DO NOT USE THE ELEVATOR • Open the nearest stairway door carefully. • If there is no smoke, use the stairway to leave the building. • If there is smoke, do not enter. Close the door. Go to another stairway and open the door carefully. • If there is no smoke here, use this stairway to leave the building • If there is smoke, do not enter. If there are other stairways, try them. If there are not, return to your apartment and protect yourself from smoke If you find smoke on your way down the stairs, leave that stairway as soon as you can. In some buildings, some doors leading from the stairway to the corridor may be locked. But at least every five floors the doors will not lock so you can leave the stairway. Use another stairway if it is clear of smoke. If you can’t use any stairway, return to your apartment if you can, or go into any corridor and bang on apartment doors until you find a

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place to take shelter. Never go to the roof. Smoke usually rises to the top of the stairway. Doors opening onto the roof are locked and you could be trapped. Remember, wherever you are, if there is smoke, crawl low under it. The air is cleaner near the floor. You must protect yourself from smoke. Stay in your apartment until you are rescued or until you are told to leave. This may take a long time. Do not try to leave your apartment a long time after the alarm has sounded. The longer you wait, the more risk there is that heavy smoke will have spread into stairways and corridors. Your chances of survival are less. • Keep smoke from entering your apartment. Use duct tape to seal cracks around the door and place wet towels at the bottom. Seal vents or air ducts the same way. • If smoke enters your apartment: • Telephone the fire department, tell them where you are and then move to the balcony. Close the doors behind you. • If you don’t have a balcony, go to the most smoke-free room, close the door and seal it with tape and towels. Open the window for fresh air. • Show your rescuers where you are by hanging a sheet from the window or balcony. • Keep low to the floor where the air is cleaner. • Listen for instructions from authorities. Find out about fire safety in your building. For more information to help you survive a fire, ask your building management or the fire department.

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Essential Fire Safety Information for Emergency Shelters During times of emergency, communities often set up temporary shelters to provide refuge for people who are without heat or hydro. Many of these shelters, such as high schools or community centres, were not designed for sleeping accommodation, so it is important that adequate safeguards and procedures are in place to prevent fire from occurring. Please review the following list of reminders and take the time to ensure that good fire safety practices are followed. Emergency Procedures Appropriate emergency procedures should be established that provide an adequate response if a fire incident should occur in the shelter. These procedures should include the means to confine, control and extinguish the fire and evacuate the occupants. Fire Watch With the number of people housed in these shelters, it is essential that a fire watch be provided in all areas, 24 hours a day. Individuals assigned to fire watch must be familiar

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with fire safety practices, know how to use a portable fire extinguisher, know the emergency procedures for the shelter and how to contact the fire department. They should, where possible, be provided with suitable communications, such as a cellular phone or two-way radio. Exits The emergency shelter must have an adequate number of exits for the occupants. If the demand for shelter exceeds the safe occupant load, finding additional shelter space is a priority. As mattresses, chairs and personal belongings are brought into the shelters, it is imperative the exits and access to the exits are not blocked. Check the exterior of the building to make sure the exit doors are not obstructed by ice, snow, vehicles or equipment. Fire Alarm and Detection Fire alarm systems should be kept operable, if possible. Additional battery-operated smoke alarms should be

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installed in areas that are now being used for sleeping. It is also a good idea to install carbon monoxide detectors in these areas. Portable Extinguishers It is recommended that additional portable fire extinguishers be provided in the shelter, particularly in cooking, sleeping and equipment refueling areas. They should be checked to ensure they are operable. Staff and volunteers should know how to use them effectively. Fire Separations Doors in fire separations should not be blocked or wedged open. Smoking Procedures Smoking should be restricted to areas outside the building. If smoking is permitted inside, a specific room should be designated. All smoking areas should be equipped with large deep, non-combustible ashtrays and be closely monitored. “No smoking” must be strictly enforced in all sleeping areas. Electrical Equipment With the addition of temporary electrical power, care must be taken to avoid fire or other safety hazards. Make sure all temporary electrical cables are properly

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secured, protected from damage and kept out of the way as much as possible. They must be large enough for the expected loads and checked regularly for damage. Portable generators should be carefully placed to ensure that fumes do not enter the building. Fuel storage and refueling must be done safely. Under no circumstances should a generator or fuel be brought into the shelter. Cooking Good fire safety practices should be followed while cooking. If the cooking facilities are not equipped with proper self-extinguishing systems, deep fat frying should not be allowed. All cooking should be carried out in a designated area. Portable propane cooking equipment and fuel must be kept outside. Portable Heaters Only portable space heaters designed for indoor residential use should be permitted. The manufacturer’s recommendations for operation must be followed, particularly for location and refueling. Heaters must be kept at least 1M (3 feet) away from combustible materials, including mattresses, carpets and storage. Keep the heaters out of exit routes. Candles, camping lanterns, or glass oil lamps must not be allowed in the shelter.

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Flames belong on birthday cakes only Fires occur when the right combination of oxygen, fuel and heat are combined. Oxygen is normally present in the air, so we must earn to control fuel (i.e. paper, wood, gasoline and other flammable material) and heat (i.e. friction, electricity, sparks, open flames). Everyone can reduce the risks of fires in the workplace by following Fire Safety principles. Electrical Equipment Electrical equipment failures or misuse of electrical equipment is the number one cause of industrial fires: • Replace cords and wires that are frayed or have worn insulation

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• • • •

Don’t overload circuits, motors, fuses or outlets Make sure you have good ground connectors Keep debris and grease clear of machinery Lubricate bearings and gears so they don’t cause friction

Handling Flammable Substances • Never use flammables around open flames • Use flammables in well-ventilated areas • Clean up spills promptly and properly • Dispose of clean-up materials (rags, sand, etc.) • Ground containers when transferring flammable materials so

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you don’t generate static electricity • Use only approved tools and equipment when working around flammable materials • Know what materials are flammable • Store flammables in approved containers • Never store combustible materials with oxidizers • Don’t’ cut on or heat a container that held flammable material until you know it is safe. Housekeeping • Keep work areas free of dust, lint, wood chips and other combustible trash • Keep combustible materials away from lights, machinery and electrical sources • Dispose of waste promptly and properly Personal • Smoke only in designated areas • Make sure smoking material and matches are extinguished and placed in proper containers • Use space heaters only in approved areas; cords and safety shut-offs must work properly The first thing you should do when you see a fire is to make the proper notification. Even a small fir can get out of hand in a hurry. In some cases, if may be necessary to leave the building and meet in a designated location outside. Everyone needs to be

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accounted for If you have fire extinguishers, you should make sure you have the right extinguisher for the type of fire: Class A—ordinary combustibles such as cloth, paper wood and trash Class B—gases and flammable liquids such as grease, oil, paint or solvents Class C—electrical equipment. NEVER use water of fires involving electrical equipment Class D—Combustible metals Classes ABD and BC—use on combination fires Using the right type of fire extinguisher is the first step. The next step is using it properly. 1. Pull the pin 2. Stand about 8 feet from the fire 3. Aim at the BASE of the fire 4. Squeeze the trigger If the fire seems to expand, get out and leave it to the firefighters We hope a fire never happens in your area, but the above precautions and methods for handling a fire are basic information to assist you in the unexpected. Know how to report a fire and how to get out of the building. If you don’t know the answers to these questions Ask your supervisor NOW; it’s too late when the fire starts.

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A caring member of the Community

SUNSET GARDEN HILL ESTATES Proud supporter of all our brave Firefighters. 1224 - Main Street Big Town, PROV G1G 1G1 Phone: 999-156-5656 Fax: 999-158-5858

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It’s no fun. If it doesn't burn the house down, it will probably wreck your chimney and scare you half to death. Here’s how it happens. Begin with our dirty chimney – let’s say a fireplace not cleaned for a couple of years. The soot lining the chimney flue is saturated with flammable stuff called creosote. (More detail on creosote is available in any dictionary.) It doesn’t take much to ignite creosote – a newspaper fire sending flames up to the damper is enough. Once kindled, creosote burns with joyous abandon. In a matter of seconds the fire spreads up through the flue creating a draft that only helps things along. At this point your average chimney fire begins to roar and howl, sending the occupants of the house running for cover. If you run, you’ll be treated to a real fireworks show. As the creosote fire builds and intensifies the heat melts the mortar between the brick. The red-hot mortar actually drips into the flue, only to be caught up in the tremendous updraft, and these little fire balls shoot out the chimney and onto the roof. If you’re lucky, the chimney will fall apart destroying one end of the building – if you're not, this miniature volcano can bring the whole house down. However. if you stand your ground, a chimney fire can be controlled. Put out the fire in the fireplace with an extinguisher or sand. Cover the opening with a wet blanket, call the fire department, and hope for the best. But it should be pointed out that having your chimney cleaned is a lot easier on the nerves than the sand and wet blanket method.

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The National Council on Fireworks Safety offers the following fireworks safety tips: • Purchase your fireworks from a reliable source • Always read and follow the label directions. • Have an adult present. • Use outdoors only. • Always have water handy (a garden hose or bucket). • Never experiment or make your own fireworks • Light only one firework at a time. • Never re-light a “dud” firework (wait 15 to 20 minutes then soak it in a bucket of water). • Never give fireworks to small children. • Dispose of fireworks properly by soaking them in water and then disposing of them in your trashcan. • Never throw or point fireworks at other people. • Never carry fireworks in your pocket. • Never shoot fireworks in metal or glass containers. Fireworks Safety

• The shooter should always wear eye protection and never have any part of their body over the firework. • Stay away from illegal explosives.

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Forest Fires Canada’s forest fire season usually starts as early as April, with grass fires that scorch the landscape. Then the season moves into high gear with the first round of forest fires in May and June, with more to come in the dry summer months. By the time it’s all over in September, an average of 25,000 square kilometres – an area the size of Lake Erie – will have burned in roughly 10,000 fires across the country. Fighting fires During those six months, an entire industry comes alive. Provincial governments and Parks Canada hire and train hundreds of firefighters who spend the summer

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doing the annual battle with fire. Many are college and university students who need a job. Others are highly trained firefighters who have gone to school to learn the intricacies of fire behaviour and suppression. They may spend weeks living in fire camps and spend long, hard hours fighting stubborn blazes that will only get worse because of high winds. They will be transported to other provinces to reinforce firefighters worn down by a blaze that won’t be controlled. Many will be on the ground, using hand tools, chainsaws and water pumps to control fires. But Canadians have also become experts in battling blazes from the air with helicopters, rappelling and parachuting

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crews, water tankers and even satellite monitoring systems. Applicants for the more dangerous jobs – Rapattack crews, which rappel from helicopters to reach remote fires, and Parattack crews, which parachute into fire zones from airplanes – must go through rigorous fitness and endurance tests even after completing basic firefighting courses and training in rappelling or parachuting. From towers to satellites Although fire lookout towers, first introduced in the ‘20s, are still used in high-risk zones, more sophisticated methods have been introduced. Computerized monitoring systems log all lightning strikes, and the federal government’s Canada Centre for Remote Sensing can detect locations of fires across the country using satellites. Using the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System, fire

Firefighting innovations in:

1760-1880: Canada’s first forest fire laws 1900s: First park wardens 1920s: Forestry stations Growing seedlings to replace forests Portable pumps Fire towers Aerial patrols 1930s: Fire prevention programs 1940s: Beaver bush plane Water bombing using latex bladders 1950s: Scooping lake water for bombing

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managers can determine the moisture levels within the forest, how fast the trees will burn, how much of the forest will be consumed, and in which direction the blaze will spread. Once a fire has been brought under control, infrared scanners are used to detect remaining heat sources. Most fires are caused by humans: 58 per cent of the wildfires that consume our forests and grasslands every year are caused by carelessness and could have been prevented. The rest, 42 per cent, are caused by lightning. This breakdown in the numbers was first discovered in Canada during aerial patrols of lumber yards and parks in the 1930s, and soon the first fire prevention campaigns were launched, posting warnings in schools and along highways. Fire’s ecological benefits Since those early days, millions of dollars have been spent on campaigns to prevent forest fires. But researchers now know that fire is not necessarily bad. It can be a natural part of a healthy grassland or forest ecosystem. Fire reduces the build-up of dead and decaying leaves, logs and needles that accumulate on the forest floor. It reduces or eliminates the overhead forest canopy, increasing the sunlight that stimulates new growth from seeds and roots. Many plants and animals have adapted to fire. Both

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lodge pole pine and jack pine have resin-sealed cones that stay on trees for many years. The heat of fire melts the resin and the cones pop open. Thousands of seeds then scatter to the ground and grow into new stands of pine. Woodpeckers feast on bark beetles and other insects that colonize in newly burned trees. And so, 20 years ago, Parks Canada decided that it wouldn’t interfere in natural processes such as fire, insects and disease unless it had to – that is, unless people or neighbouring lands were threatened.

Quick Fact: In 2002, prescribed fires burned more than 3,500 hectares of forest, but that’s still less than 0.2 per cent of the total forest area that burned in that year. Playing with fire? More recently, forest managers across North America have introduced programs of deliberately lit “prescribed fires” to clear out forest debris and restore ecosystems that are dependent on fire to thrive. Trained specialists decide when and where, and for how long, to permit such fires to burn. They consider weather, vegetation type, fire behaviour and terrain in order for the fires to burn safely. Although prescribed fires have become common in the United States and Canada, they are also controversial. In

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Canada, prescribed burns have been strongly opposed by landowners and outdoors-related businesses. Timber is a valuable resource and it’s hard to convince anyone that burning down trees, even on a small scale, makes sense. In 1988, the U.S. Forest Service was heavily criticized when parts of Yellowstone National Park were allowed to burn after being struck by lightning. The fires spread quickly and, in the end, men and resources were moved in to douse the flames. It was the costliest firefighting effort in U.S. history, at $120 million US. And in 2000, a prescribed fire in New Mexico got out of control and destroyed 200 homes in Los Alamos. Fires, weather and climate When a fire gets as big as the Okanagan Valley fire in B.C. in the summer of 2003, they can create their own weather systems. And fires that big usually create weather conditions that can lead to more fires. It happens because of an effect called “thermal buoyancy” – air around a very intense fire heats and rises, the fire pulls in more surrounding air, and a wind pattern emerges from the cycle. Smoke from the fire contributes to natural cloud cover and enhances lightning conditions. The wind pattern creates hot and dry conditions that can be felt several kilometres from the fire. Although these effects on the local weather are clear, scientists are not sure how large swaths of burnt land

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affect the global climate. A healthy forest is considered a carbon “sink” or “reservoir.” Carbon emissions are absorbed by healthy trees and reduced in the atmosphere. But, when a forest burns, carbon is released back into the atmosphere – often in the form of carbon dioxide, a known greenhouse gas. When high volumes of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere, they may aggravate patterns of global warming. What may result is called a “positive feedback loop.” Global warming enhances conditions that feed forest fires, while a large increase in fires releases more greenhouse gases into the environment. Greenhouse gas emission contributes to global warming – a cycle that constantly feeds itself. Some scientists point to a recent increase in the amount of forest burned every year as evidence that the loop has already started. Others say the increase could be part of natural variation. Scientists have only been collecting forest fire data for the past 40 years, a short time from which to draw long-term predictions.

that blazed across the province covering more than 580,000 hectares — an area bigger than Prince Edward Island. One fire near the Alberta border consumed 110,000 hectares. There were almost 150 fires in Alberta, 48 of them out of control. One fire, named Rocky 99, covered 126 hectares. Over 800 firefighters were deployed across the province to tackle the wildfires. There were more than 200 forest fires in B.C. Most of them were small, but two massive wildfires in B.C.’s Cariboo-Chilcotin region forced approximately 2,000 people from their homes. In northern Manitoba over 90 forest fires erupted.

In July 2006 Six communities in northern Saskatchewan were placed under evacuation orders because of the over 100 wildfires

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REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRICAL FIRES Inspect electrical cords and plugs regularly, discard them it they are worn or frayed Never pull the cord to remove the plug from a socket; this can wear the cord and increase the risk of a short circuit and a fire; can also creates a shock hazard Eliminate octopus connections; plugging multiple cords into a single socket can overload the circuit Never break off the third prong on a plug - always replace two pronged sockets with three pronged sockets Never use extension cords as permanent wiring Never lay electrical cords under carpets Always keep electrical cords away from sources of heat and water Always use safety plugs in unused outlets to protect children ALWAYS CONSULT A CERTIFIED ELECTRICIAN IF YOU ARE NOT SURE

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GASOLINE SAFETY If you must have gasoline around the house: • Always store it in approved safety containers - these can be expensive, but it is cheap “fire insurance” • Always have a fire extinguisher marked for “B” type fires (Gasoline and other flammable liquids) - Be sure you know how to use it! • Always keep the minimum amount of gas required • Always store the container in a cool and well ventilated area. Keep it away from any source of heat

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or sparks such as water heater, electric motor or car engines • Always store the containers in the garage or shed rather than the house • Never carry gasoline in the trunk of your car • Always keep gasoline away from children • Never syphon gasoline by sucking the hose; gasoline can be fatal to adults too, if swallowed • Never use gasoline as a cleaner, a charcoal starter or a solvent If you or your child should ever swallow gasoline, then • Move the child away from the gasoline source; then secure the gasoline safely • Call your doctor or Poison Centre immediately, or call 911 • Never induce vomiting; the same is true kerosene, lighter fluid and fuel oil • For gasoline on clothing - remove the clothing and dispose of carefully • For gasoline of skin - use lots of warm soapy water to reduce the risk of chemical burns If you do have a gasoline fire and don’t have a “B” type fire extinguisher • Get everyone away from the fire • Call the Fire department by dialing 911 • Stay calm • Never use water to put out a gasoline fire

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family twice a year. If you know what to do ahead of time, you have a better chance of escaping from a fire. Check Your Plan! • Does everyone know two ways out of each room? The first way is probably a door and the second way out might be a window or another door. • Do all windows and doors needed for escape open easily? • Have you chosen a meeting place out front where everyone will meet? You want to be able to tell the fire department that everyone is out safely. If a Fire Does Occur: • Stay out; Don’t go back inside a burning building for anything or anyone. Let the fire department do that! They have the training and the protective equipment. • Call the fire department from a neighbor’s house or use the fire alarm call box.

Install Smoke Detectors; Test Monthly; and Replace Batteries Annually • Install smoke detectors on every level of your home and outside the bedrooms. Test your smoke detectors monthly. If they are battery operated, replace the batteries at least once a year or when they “chirp”. This chirping sound means the battery is low. Make and Practice Your Home Escape Plan • Make a home escape plan for the whole family before a fire ever starts. Practice your home escape plan with the whole

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Keep Your Kitchen Fire Safe or Stand By Your Pan! • Kitchen fire safety starts with the cook! Wear short or tight fitting sleeves when cooking. Never leave cooking unattended, but if you must leave the kitchen for a moment, turn the surface burners off. Stand by your pan! Keep small appliances unplugged when not in use and keep them clean and dry. If a small grease fire occurs, use the “Put A Lid On It” technique. Smother the flames by sliding a cover or larger pan over the fire and turn off the burner; never pour water on a grease fire or move the burning pan. If the fire does not go out instantly, leave the house and call the fire department. Cooking fires can quickly get out of control!

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Every year millions of dollars of damage occur because of fires, but more importantly, people are hurt and LIVES ARE LOST. Fire prevention is a critical part of an active Health and Safety plan. Everyone needs to know what to do in case of a fire, and what he or she can do to prevent the conditions that can cause a fire. FIRES ARE CAUSED BY…. Fires begin when three elements come together: oxygen, fuel, and heat. We can’t do anything about oxygen, which is in the air.

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However, we can make sure that fuels and heat don’t join oxygen. Fuels can be anything from paper, wood and candles to gasoline and other combustible materials. Heat is caused by everything from open flames and sparks to friction and electricity. IF A FIRE OCCURS Your management should have established procedures for reporting fires as part of the company Health and Safety Plan. The procedures in this plan should be reviewed regularly, because they are easy to forget in an emergency situation.

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In the unfortunate situation that a fire does occur, what do you do? • Report: No matter how small you think a fire is – report it. It only takes seconds for a small fire to get out of control. Also, what you can see may not be the whole fire. Only trained professionals can tell for certain. • Prepare for evacuation if it is necessary. Even a small fire may require evacuation; you won’t know until you report the fire to someone. FIRE EXTINGUISHERS There are several different types of fire extinguishers, each for a specific use. It is important to verify that you have the right fire extinguishers to do the job. These are the types of fire extinguishers needed: • Ordinary materials like paper, cloth, trash and wood need a CLASS A • Gases, flammable materials like grease, oil, paint or solvents require a CLASS B • Electrical equipment requires CLASS C. Never use water on an electrical fire • Combustible metals like magnesium, sodium, potassium and sodium-potassium alloys, as well as lithium and lithium alloy - CLASS D • Combination fires need CLASSES ABD and BC To save people having to remember what class of fire extinguisher to use in an emergency, a simple sign should be posted over each fire extinguisher that says something

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Class A

Class B

Class C

USE FOR:

Paper Cloth Trash Wood

Gases Flammable Materials Grease Oil Paint Solvents

Electrical Equiptment

like: It is also advisable to post a diagram (large enough to be seen without glasses) on the wall next to the extinguisher or as part of the sign, that shows how to use the fire extinguisher. These instructions should be reviewed in regular health and safety classes. In the excitement of an emergency, it may be difficult to remember what to do. Fire extinguishers must be checked yearly to keep them current and legal. Basic principals of using a fire extinguisher: • Stand about 8 feet away from the fire and pull the pin. • Aim at the base of the fire • Try not to blow sparks away, causing the fire to get even larger than it is. • For larger fires, get out and leave it to the professionals. Material possessions can be replaced, people cannot!

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HOW CAN WE PREVENT FIRES? There are a number of things that can be done to avoid the possibility of a fire occurring. Take an inventory of your area, looking for potential fire hazards such as materials that are sitting or stacked together, or flammable materials like paper or cloth placed near an electrical outlet or a lamp. Here are specific measures you can take: Personally • Smoke in designated areas only. • Don’t leave cigarette butts lying around – dispose of them properly. You may think your cigarette is out, but it might get blown into an area that’s potentially dangerous and spark a fire. • Make sure that smoking materials and matches are put out thrown away in the proper receptacles. • Space heaters should be authorized for use first, even in approved areas. Extra care should be used to make sure they don’t touch anything while on and are turned off after use. Equipment • Lubricate bearings, gears and moving joints so they don’t get hot. • Make sure that moving parts don’t rub against each other • Debris and grease should be kept clear Electrical Equipment The number one cause of industrial fires is the misuse or failure of electrical equipment. • Check equipment regularly; checking at the start of each shift would not be excessive

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• Replace frayed or worn cords and wires • Don’t overload outlets, circuits, motors or fuses • Have a good ground connection Flammable Substances • Store them in approved containers • Clean up spills immediately • Dispose of both flammables and clean up materials quickly and properly • Know what is flammable – check labels • Never store flammable materials around oxidizers • When working with flammable material always use the proper tools and equipment • ALWAYS USE FLAMMABLES IN WELL VENTILATED AREAS • Before cutting or heating a container, make sure it’s safe; make sure you know WHAT WAS IN IT. • Avoid creating static electricity by grounding a container before you transfer flammable materials General Safety Tips • Keep all work areas as free of dust, lint, wood, grease, oil, trash, etc. as possible • Dispose of materials properly – whether flammable materials or trash • Keep flammable material away from heat sources like machinery, electricity and lights. Safety comes first. Alertness to our environment is the greatest protection we have.

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Fire Safety for the Disabled Always Plan Ahead For Emergencies Talk to someone about what you should do incase of fire. Your family, friends, the fire department or a social service agency should help you develop an escape plan you can practice. And be sure to practice with the people who live nearby. Their assistance and appropriate actions may be critical in helping you successfully escape a fire. HERE ARE SOME GOOD IDEAS.... Try To Live Near An Exit If you live in an apartment, try to occupy one on the ground floor. If you’re in a two-story house, arrange to sleep on the first floor, and be sure to have a telephone by your bed. Being closer to the ground and an exit will facilitate your escape in a fire. If necessary, have a ramp constructed for emergency exits.

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Install Smoke Detectors Working detectors can mean the critical difference in a fire. Test your alarms weekly and change batteries at least once a year. Be sure that you have enough smoke detectors and that they are properly placed. Dial 911 Make sure your home is clearly numbered and, if you have a disability, you might let the fire department know about your special needs. In case of fire, always get out first, if you can, then call the fire department even if fire fighters have already arrived. If you are trapped inside, give the dispatcher your exact room location. Plan Your Escape You should have at least two ways out of every room. If one is a window, be sure you know how to open it and make sure it opens easily. If you live in an apartment, know where the exit stairs are. Never take an elevator during an emergency - it might take you to the fire, or it might get stuck! WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE Get Out, Stay Out Go as quickly as possible, leaving all possessions behind.

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And never go back in - you may not get back out. Call the fire department from outside. Crawl Low In Smoke If you can, crawl low while you exit. Smoke rises and cleaner air is nearer the floor. Stop, Drop and Roll If your clothes catch fire, let yourself down and roll. This will smother the fire. If you have physical limitations, someone else may need to smother the fire with a blanket or rug. Fanning the flames with your hands will not help - in fact, your hands may be severely burned. Cool A Burn Your best first aid is cool water which helps prevent further skin damage. Keep running cool after on burns until the pain stops. Salve or butter only traps in heat. If charred skin or blisters appear seek medical attention immediately. Keep Doors Closed Always sleep with your bedroom door closed, making sure the smoke alarm is audible or that you have an emergency light to alert you. If you hear your detector alarm, smell smoke or suspect fire, feel the door. If hot,

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try your other exit; if not, slowly open it but be prepared to close it if smoke or flames rush in. If You Are Trapped Put closed doors between you and smoke. Stuff cracks and cover vents to keep smoke out. If there is a phone in the room, call the fire department and let them know you are trapped. Give them your exact location. Keeping low, put a wet cloth over your nose and wait at the window, signaling with sheet or flashlight. Do not break the window.

Take Care When Smoking Always have large, deep ashtrays around for smokers. Never empty ashes into garbage cans or wastebaskets until they have been soaked in water. Check upholstered furniture for dropped cigarettes or matches. Never smoke in bed or while on medication that might cause drowsiness.

STOP A FIRE BEFORE IT STARTS Check Out Appliances Make sure all plugs and cords are in good condition, and repair or replace any worn or broken appliances. Take Care in the Kitchen Be especially careful in lighting matches or using the stove. Wear close-fitting sleeves when you cook. If a pan catches fire, smother it with a lid. Space Heaters Need Their Space Keep space heaters at least three feet from everything especially you. A slight brush against some models could cause a clothing fire.

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e f a S g n i p Kee from the ” r e l l i K t n e “Sil As cooler weather approaches, we want to remind everyone to have furnaces and other fuel-burning appliances in their homes inspected by authorized service personnel, to prevent the serious hazards of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. What is carbon monoxide? Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odourless, tasteless and toxic gas, and is often referred to as the ‘silent killer”. When inhaled it inhibits the blood’s capacity to transport oxygen throughout the body. It can poison the body quickly in high concentrations, or slowly over long periods of time.

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What are symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning? Exposure to CO can cause flu-like symptoms such as headaches, nausea, dizziness, burning eyes, confusion, drowsiness and even loss of consciousness, In severe cases, CO poisoning can cause brain damage and death. The elderly, children and people with heart or respiratory conditions may be particularly sensitive to CO. How Is carbon monoxide generated In the home? Carbon monoxide is a by-product of incomplete combustion of fuel such as natural gas, propane, heating oil, kerosene, coal, charcoal, gasoline or wood. This incomplete combustion can occur in any device that depends on burning for energy or heat, such as furnaces, room heaters, fireplaces, hot water heaters, stoves or grills

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and any gas powered vehicle or engine. Automobiles left running in attached garages, gas barbecues operated inside the house, grills or kerosene heaters that are not properly vented, or chimneys or vents that are dirty or plugged may create unsafe levels of CO. When properly installed, maintained and vented, any CO produced by these devices will not stay inside the home. What are some danger signs? • You or other members of your family have symptoms of CO exposure (see above). • You notice a sharp, penetrating odour or smell of gas when your furnace or other fuel-burning equipment turns on. • The air is stale or stuffy. • The pilot light of your furnace or other fuel-burning equipment goes out. • Chalky white powder forms on the chimney/exhaust vent pipe or soot build-up occurs around the exhaust vent. How can unsafe levels of carbon monoxide he detected? Carbon monoxide detectors monitor airborne concentration levels (parts per million) of carbon monoxide and sound an audible alarm when harmful CO levels are present.

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Be sure that your detector has been certified to the Canadian Standards Association CAN/CGA 6.19 standard or the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 2034 standard, If you suspect carbon monoxide In your home... If you or anyone else in your home is experiencing the symptoms of CO poisoning, ensure that everyone leaves the home immediately, leaving the door open. Call your local fire department or 91 1 from a neighbours telephone. If your CO detector sounds do NOT assume it to be a false alarm. Open all doors and windows to ventilate the home. If you cannot find the problem and the alarm continues, contact the fire department. If there is a strong smell of natural gas in your home, evacuate immediately, leaving the door open, and contact your local gas utility. If no symptoms are experienced, reset the detector and check to see if the alarm activates. If the detector sounds a second time, call the local fire department for their assistance. If the detector does not sound a second time, check for common conditions that may have caused a CO build-up (see the accompanying illustration) or contact a qualified heating contractor to check your fuel-burning equipment.

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Where should a carbon monoxide detector be located in the home? Proper placement of a CO detector is important. In general, the human body is most vulnerable to the effects of CO during sleeping hours, so a detector should be located in or as near as possible to the sleeping area of the home. If only one detector is being installed, it should be located near the sleeping area, where it can wake you if you are asleep. Where sleeping areas are located in separate parts of the home, a detector should be provided for each area. Additional CO detectors should be placed on each level of a residence and in other rooms where combustion devices are located (such as in a room that contains a solid fuel-fired appliance, gas clothes dryer or natural gas furnace), or adjacent to potential sources of CO (such as in a teenager’s room or granny suite located adjacent to an attached garage). Unlike smoke, which rises to the ceiling, CO mixes with air. Recognizing this, a CO detector should be located at knee-height (which is about the same as prone sleeping height). Due to the possibility of tampering or damage by pets, children, vacuum cleaners and the like, it may be located up to chest height. To work properly, a detector should not be blocked by furniture, draperies or other obstructions to normal air flow.

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If a combination smoke/carbon monoxide detector is used, it should be located on the ceiling, to ensure that it will detect smoke effectively. Please refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for additional information regarding proper use and maintenance. To keep safe, please remember: • You have a responsibility to know about the dangers of carbon monoxide. Your knowledge and actions may save lives. • CO detectors are a good second line of defence, but do not eliminate the need for regular inspection, maintenance and safe use of fuel-burning equipment. • Take the time to learn about the use of CO detectors in your home to ensure your are using this equipment properly and effectively • The Office of the Fire Marshal is part of a Carbon Monoxide Awareness Committee (comprised of representatives from industry, government, fire services, public utilities, standards and certification agencies and appliance manufacturers) that is dedicated to an ongoing, coordinated approach to protecting the public against CO hazards through greater awareness and understanding.

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Every fire is dangerous. But you can survive a fire if you know what to do. The law requires that every apartment building have certain fire safety features. Ask your building management or your fire department to tell you about the fire safety features in your building. Then you should plan what you will do if there is a fire. The questions in the rest of this brochure will help you. Your local fire department can also help you answer these questions. In a fire, you will not have very much time to decide what to do. So plan ahead. It may save your life. You must know how you will escape from the building if there is a fire. In fact you need at least two ways to escape, because one may be blocked by smoke. If you cannot escape, you must know how to protect yourself from the smoke. Learn how to do these things now. Remember • In a fire, most people die from smoke, not from flames. Smoke makes it hard for you to see, and even two deep

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breaths of smoke can make it hard to think clearly or stay awake. You must avoid smoke. • The apartment where the fire starts is a dangerous place. Get everyone out, and close the door behind you. • Most fires that kill people occur at night, when everyone is asleep. That’s why you need a smoke alarm near rooms where people sleep. Test your smoke alarms once a month to make sure they are working properly. • Fire and smoke move very quickly, and the conditions where you are may change in an instant. Make sure you know what to do. Plan ahead. It may save your life

Personal Fire Safety Answer Yes or No to the following questions: • Do you have at least one smoke alarm in your apartment, and are you sure it works? Smoke alarms save lives by giving you early warning of a fire in your

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apartment. • Do you know how to protect yourself from smoke? Remember, most people die from smoke, not fire. • Do you have a roll of duct tape? Duct tape is a special tape available from hardware stores. Use it to block smoke from entering your apartment through spaces around your door, vents and other openings. • Do you know how you are going escape from your building if there is a fire? Most apartment buildings have at least two exit stairways. Find out where these are and practice using them. Know which floors you can use to cross from one stairway to another. • If you are unable to use stairs in an emergency, have you told your landlord or building manager that you will need help? Your apartment number can be added to the fire safety plan, so fire fighters will know that you may need to be rescued. • Do you know where the fire alarms are on your floor, and how to pull them? You will have to use the fire alarm if you discover a fire on your floor. • Have you arranged a place outside the building where you will meet everyone you share your apartment with after you leave? Having a meeting place gives you confidence that everyone got out safely. • Do you know the telephone number to call if there is a fire? Keep this telephone number in a place where you can find it fast in a emergency.

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If you answer “no” to any of these questions, you should get the information you need by speaking to your building management or your fire department.

General Fire Safety Features in Buildings • Do you know what the fire alarm sounds like? Make sure that everyone you live with knows what to do when they hear the fire alarm. • Can you hear the fire alarm in your apartment? The fire alarm should be loud enough to be heard in your bedroom. • Are all the exit doors clearly marked? All exit doors should have a sign that says “EXIT”. • Are your corridors and stairways kept clear of debris or obstructions, and are they well lit? Your landlord must make sure exit routes have adequate lighting and are never blocked. • Are Emergency instructions posted on your floor? They will tell you what to do if there is a fire in your building. • Is there an approved fire safety plan for your building? The landlord must have a fire safety plan approved by the fire department, and must follow it. • Are your stairway doors equipped with automatic closers and latches that work, and are the doors to the stairway kept closed at all times? Your landlord must

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keep doors working properly so that they limit the spread of smoke and fire. If you answer “no” to any of these questions, you should get the information you need by speaking to your building management or your fire department.

Fire Safety Features in High Buildings Only • Is there a voice communication system in your building? Buildings higher than 12 storeys must have a voice communication system. • Can you hear messages clearly in the corridor? Speakers in your apartment or the hallway are used to give you important information if there is a fire. • Does your apartment door have an automatic closer and does it work? Having the door close automatically prevents smoke and fire from spreading into the corridor. • Are any of the doors leading from the stairway into the corridors kept locked? Some stairway doors may be locked for security reasons. • Are corridors and stairways equipped with emergency lighting? Emergency lighting will keep stairs lit even if the electricity to the building stops working because of a fire. If you answer “no” to any of these questions, you should get the information you need by speaking to your building

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management or your fire department. If you think something in your building is unsafe, call your local Fire Department

Your Rights and Responsibilities Your landlord must keep your apartment building in good repair and safe for living in, and comply with the Fire Code. If there is a fire your landlord must repair damages to the building in a reasonable time. Any fire safety features must be repaired as quickly as possible. If there is a fire in your building, you will probably be responsible for fire or smoke damage to your own belongings. You should consider getting tenant’s insurance coverage for your belongings, and to cover your expenses for temporary accommodation. If the fire is your fault, you may also have to pay for damage to other people’s property, and to the building. Make sure the insurance you buy protects you from this liability. You can get more information about insurance from your insurance agent or broker. For more information on the laws that protect tenants, you can contact the Rent Control Office in your area. The telephone number is in the blue pages of the telephone book. Never damage the fire safety systems in your building, or allow other people to damage them. You risk your life and the lives of other people if you do. It is a criminal offence to damage any fire safety system.

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Tips for Safe Heating 1 Follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Carefully follow the manufacturer’s instructions for installing and maintaining your chimney or appliance. If you do not have instructions, call the manufacturer. For masonry chimneys, call the builder. 2 Inspect and clean your chimney regularly The Fire Code requires homeowners to maintain the safety of their chimneys and inspect them at least once a year. Your chimney could have a problem you cannot see. If in doubt, consult a WETT (Wood Energy Technical Training) certified chimney sweep. 3 Check stovepipes and connections. Ensure screws are located at every joint. Also look for leaching (dark staining or white powder) at every joint. This could be a sign of chimney trouble - consult a WETT certified chimney sweep. 4 Check for creosote. Creosote can form quickly and is a major cause of chimney fires. Check chimney and flue pipes often and clean when necessary never let creosote or soot build up. 5 Check walls for excessive heat. If the wall is very hot, it could be a sign of improper installation

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of the chimney or stove pipe. Check with a WETT certified chimney sweep. 6 Install a rain cap. A rain cap should be installed on top of all metal and masonry chimneys. If you have a spark screen around the chimney cap, inspect it regularly for blockage. 7 Watch for smoke coming into the room. This could indicate a blockage in the chimney or a faulty damper control mechanism. Check it out! 8 Protect floors and walls from heat and sparks. Keep combustibles safely away from your appliance. Always use a properly fitting screen for your fireplace. 9 Regularly check for signs of problems. Your heating appliance, flue pipes and chimney can deteriorate over time. Look for corrosion or rust stains on the outer shell of a metal chimney and check for bulges or corrosion in its liner. Loose bricks, crumbling mortar, broken liners, dark stains or white powder indicate problems with masonry chimneys. These should be fixed immediately by a qualified mason.

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TOP

10 SAFETY TIPS

How to make your house a safe home: 1) Fit a smoke alarm and check it regularly.

6) Never smoke in bed.

2) Make a fire action plan so that everyone in your house knows how to escape in the event of fire.

7) Keep matches and lighters away from children. 8) Keep clothing away from heating appliances.

3) Take care when cooking with hot oil and think about using thermostatically controlled deep fat fryers. 4) Never leave lit candles unattended. 5) Ensure cigarettes are stubbed out and disposed of carefully.

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9) Take care in the kitchen! Accidents whilst cooking account for 59% of fires in the home. 10) Take special care when you are tired or when you’ve been drinking. Half of all deaths in domestic fires happen between 10pm and 8am.

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When

Lights And Sirens Approach

We all share the responsibility of knowing and practicing proper driving behaviours. One of the most important “rules of the road” deals with yielding the right of way to emergency vehicles. What drivers SHOULD do. • Remain calm and move your vehicle appropriately. Don’t panic! • Pull to the right and come to a stop. • When on a high-speed road or when there is no room to stop, slow down as much as possible • When in the left lane, pull over into the right lane as the traffic in the lane to your right moves over

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• If you cannot move to the right because of an obstacle such as a car to your right, simply stop. Your prompt action will let the driver of the emergency vehicle know what you are doing; it will allow the driver to anticipate where to drive. • When an emergency vehicle approaches you from behind while you are stationary at an intersection stop sign or red light, do not move unless you can pull to the right • When on a one-way street, pulling to the right is still the best, but sometimes due to traffic, you may pull to the left curb and yield to the middle lane(s). This is the one appropriate exception to the “pull to the right” rule

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What drivers SHOULD NOT do. • Don’t stop in the middle lane when there is room to pull to the right • Don’t pull to the left in the centre yellow lane or left turn lane • Don’t drive through a red light or stop sign when an emergency vehicle approaches from behind • Don’t turn quickly to the left into a driveway or street • Don’t race ahead to get through a green light or turn before the emergency vehicle gets there • Don’t disregard the presence of the emergency vehicle by continuing to drive on

possible. Emergency vehicles will usually try and move to the left. Sometimes, due to traffic conditions, it may be also be necessary for emergency vehicles to travel in opposing lanes, against the flow of traffic. This is why it is very important for all vehicles to respect responding emergency vehicles by moving to the right and/or stopping. When you or someone you care about requires the help of an emergency responder, you will be thankful for the drivers who didn’t impede their safe and prompt arrival.

The drivers of all emergency vehicles are thoroughly trained and tested. They are taught to drive with due regard for the safety of others. Their intent is to never force other drivers off the road. This supersedes a natural desire to get to the scene of an accident or fire by driving as fast as possible. Drivers of emergency vehicles know that they cannot help anyone if they don’t get there! Generally, drivers should try to move to the right, if

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Survive a Fire in Your Home...

PLAN YOUR ESCAPE TODAY! Anyone who has lived through a fire will tell you what a terrifying experience it is. Unfortunately, many people who experience fire never get a chance to tell their story - to warn others of the dangers of fire. Your fire department wants you to be prepared if a fire strikes your home. Please take a few minutes with your family to make a fire escape plan by following the nine simple instructions listed below. Every household must have a fire escape plan and a working smoke alarm to help ensure survival in a fire. Begin your plan by checking your smoke alarm to make sure that it is working. The smoke alarm will wake you up if a fire occurs while you are asleep. 1.Draw a floor plan of your home Use a grid to draw a floor plan of your home, following the example provided as a guide. You should draw a floor plan for each floor of your home. 2.Include all possible emergency exits Draw in all walls, doors, windows and stairs. This will show

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you and your family all possible escape routes at a glance. 3.Include any important features that could help with your escape Doors and windows are escape exits from your home. Are there any other features that could help you get out safely? Can you climb out a window onto the roof of a porch or garage? Is there a tree or television antenna tower that can be safely reached from a window? These features can be extremely useful in an emergency, however you must make sure that all escape routes are practical and usable. 4.Mark two escape routes from each room There is a main exit from every room. This will be the exit to use if there is no apparent danger. If you are unable to use the main exit because of smoke or fire, you must have an alternate exit. The second exit is usually the window. Special consideration should be given to planning escape routes from the bedrooms as most fires occur at right when everyone is sleeping. This second exit must be practical and easy to use.

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Make sure that the occupant of that bedroom is able to use the second exit. 5.Remember - some people may need help to escape Decide in advance who will assist the very young, elderly or physically challenged members of your household. A few minutes of planning will save valuable seconds in a real emergency. 6.Choose a place outside where everyone will meet Choose a meeting place that every one will remember. It is a good idea to choose a spot at the front of your home or close to your neighbour’s house. Everyone must know to go directly to this meeting place so they can be accounted for. No one should go back into a burning building for any reason. 7.Call the fire department from a neighbour’s home Once at the meeting place, someone can be sent to the neighbour’s home to call the fire department. Include the neighbour’s name and the fire department phone number on your plan. Mark the street address of your home on your fire escape plan, Always keep the Fire Departments number by your own phone in case a neighbour needs to call.

children know the plan. Walk through the escape routes for each room with the entire family. Use this walk-through exercise to check your escape routes, making sure all exits are practical and easy to use. It is important that all windows will open and that no heavy furniture blocks any escape route. If escape ladders or ropes are to be used, make sure that they area accessible and that the appropriate individual is capable of using them. 9.Practice your escape plan After reviewing the floor plan with the members of your household, have an actual practice to ensure that everyone knows what to do. Practice your escape plan every six months. In a real fire, you must react without hesitation as your escape routes may be quickly blocked by smoke or flames. Your practice drills will ensure that everyone knows what to do when fire strikes. EXAMPLE

8.Make sure everyone is familiar with the home escape plan Go over the entire plan with everyone. Discuss primary and secondary escape routes from each bedroom. Ensure that all

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Smoke Detectors Do Smoke Detectors Really Save Lives? Most fatal home fires occur at night, while people are asleep. Poisonous gases and smoke from a fire in your home can numb the senses in a very short time. Every home needs a device that can wake people up in time to escape from a fire. Of all the low-cost fire alarm devices you can buy, the Fire Chief considers smoke detectors to be the most effective.

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How to Choose a Smoke Detector There are dozens of reputable brands of smoke detectors readily available. No matter where you buy your detectors or what type they are, be sure to buy only ones carrying the mark of an organization that tests and evaluates products. Any labeled smoke detector offers protection whether it’s powered by batteries or household

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current, whether it’s photoelectric or ionization device. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for installation, testing and maintenance. This is very important How Many Do I Need? According to the accepted Standard on Household Fire Warning Equipment (NFPA 74), minimum protection requires smoke detectors outside each bedroom and on each additional story of the house. This includes the basement. For additional protection, the Fire Chief recommends that you install detectors inside each bedroom, the dining room, furnace room, utility room and hallways. If your family sleeps with bedrooms doors closed, it’s especially important to install detectors inside the bedrooms. Detectors are also recommended for kitchens, attics (finished or unfinished) and garages. Be sure you can hear detectors from each bedroom. Where And How Should I Install My Smoke

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Detectors? Most smoke detectors can be installed easily. Most operate either on batteries or household current. A detector that plugs into a wall outlet must have a restraining device so that the plug cannot accidentally be pulled from the wall. Detectors can also be hardwired into the electrical system. But never hard-wire a detector to a circuit that can be turned off at a wall switch. Because smoke rises, each detector should be mounted high on a wall or on the ceiling to detect the first traces of smoke. For a wall-mounted unit, the top of the detector should be 4 to 12 inches from the ceiling. A ceiling-mounted detector should be placed at least 4 inches from any wall in a room with a high pitched ceiling, mount the detector on or near the ceiling’s highest point. Most home fires start in living areas - the den, family room or living room. On a floor with no bedrooms, install the required detector in or near the living area. If a stairway leads to an upper story, install the detector in the path where smoke would travel up the stairs. Don’t install a detector near a window, door or air

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register where drafts could reduce its sensitivity. Locate a basement smoke detector close to the stairway leading to the floor above. But don’t install the detector at the top of the basement stairs: dead air space near the door may prevent smoke from reaching the detector. Maintaining Your Smoke Detectors It’s extremely important to test and clean all detectors regularly. Replace the batteries according to the manufacturer’s recommendations - or at least once a year. Warn everyone in your household to leave working batteries in smoke detectors - resist temptation to borrow them for other purposes. Never paint a smoke detector. Because cobwebs and dust can impair a detector’s sensitivity, vacuum your detectors at least once a week to make sure you’re protected.

First of all, make sure everyone knows what your smoke detector sounds like. So test it in front of the entire family. Plan at least two ways out from each room especially the bedrooms. Agree on a place to meet outside the house or apartment building so you’ll know when everyone is out. Have everyone rehearse the plan regularly. In case of a real fire, get out of the house immediately. Once at the meeting place, have one person go to a neighbours phone to call the fire department by dialing 911. In addition to telling them your name and address, tell them if anyone is still in the house. Fire safety In Your Home Starts Immediately! In combination with a family escape plan, properly installed and maintained smoke detectors can save lives in case of fire. Smoke detectors save lives!

What Happens When The Fire Alarm Sounds? Being awakened by a smoke detector can be a frightening and disorienting experience even for adults - so plan your escape before it an emergency.

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Seven Deadly Safety Sins! 1. Putting heaters too close to room furnishings, such as drapes and upholstered furniture. An electric or fuel burning heater can start fires if improperly placed. Watch where you put your heater in your house or you may not have a house to put it in.

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2. Installing wood- or coal-burning stoves too close to a wall. You can’t just put a wood or coal stove any place that looks attractive, or your house could end up looking pretty bad. If your stove is installed in the wrong place or in the wrong way, it could burn down

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your house. So follow the instructions carefully when installing stoves and stovepipes, allowing for required clearances. 3. Not inspecting fuel-burning furnace flues regularly. Your furnace gives off heat and something else too, Carbon monoxide. If your furnace flue is clogged or loose, carbon monoxide could be going into your lungs instead of up the chimney. So have your flue professionally inspected regularly. Before it’s too late for an inspection to make a difference. 4. Not cleaning creosote from chimneys or fireplaces and heating stoves. If you’ve been burning a lot of wood, your stovepipe and chimney may have a heavy building of creosote. If the creosote were to catch fire, your roof could catch fire, too. So clean out creosote before it wipes your out. Fireplace chimneys should be inspected and cleaned at least once a year; stovepipe chimneys once a month.

give off carbon monoxide. So keep a window open an inch or more in the room in which you use an unvented heater. Keep warm, but don’t risk your life doing it. 6. Improper furnace maintenance. If your furnace is not properly maintained, you could be in very big trouble. Carbon monoxide could be spreading throughout your house as a result of a malfunction. So before the beginning of each heating season, have your furnace inspected by a professional. Why take a chance when your life depends on it? 7. Installing insulations improperly. Adding insulation to your house can save you energy, but it could also lead to a fire. Have your home electrical system checked and have deficiencies corrected by a qualified professional, especially before installing insulation. And make sure insulations are kept away from ceiling light fixtures and other heat sources. Product Safety. It’s no accident!

5. Failure to provide adequate ventilation for fuelburning heaters. Gas heaters give off a lot of heat. They may also

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Plan Ahead

Every fire is dangerous. But you can survive a fire if you know what to do.

The law requires that every apartment building have certain fire safety features. Ask your building management or your fire department to tell you about the fire safety features in your building. Then you should plan what you will do if there is a fire. The questions in the rest of this brochure will help you. Your local fire department can also help you answer these questions.

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In a fire, you will not have very much time to decide what to do. So plan ahead. It may save your life.

You must know how you will escape from the building if there is a fire. In fact you need at least two ways to escape, because one may be blocked by smoke. If you cannot escape, you must know how to protect yourself from the smoke. Learn how to do these things now.

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Remember In a fire, most people die from smoke, not from flames. Smoke makes it hard for you to see, and even two deep breaths of smoke can make it hard to think clearly or stay awake. You must avoid smoke. The apartment where the fire starts is a dangerous place. Get everyone out, and close the door behind you. Most fires that kill people occur at night, when everyone is asleep. That’s why you need a smoke alarm near rooms where people sleep. Test your smoke alarms once a month to make sure they are working properly. Fire and smoke move very quickly, and the conditions where you are may change in an instant. Make sure you know what to do. Answer Yes or No to the following questions: Do you have at least one smoke alarm in your apartment, and are you sure it works? Smoke alarms save lives by giving you early warning of a fire in your apartment.

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Do you know how to protect yourself from smoke? Remember, most people die from smoke, not fire. Do you have a roll of duct tape? Duct tape is a special tape available from hardware stores. Use it to block smoke from entering your apartment through spaces around your door, vents and other openings. Do you know how you are going escape from your building if there is a fire? Most apartment buildings have at least two exit stairways. Find out where these are and practice using them. Know which floors you can use to cross from one stairway to another. If you are unable to use stairs in an emergency, have you told your landlord or building manager that you will need help? Your apartment number can be added to the fire safety plan, so fire fighters will know that you may need to be rescued. Do you know where the fire alarms are on your floor, and how to pull them? You will have to use the fire alarm if you discover a fire on your floor. Have you arranged a place outside the building where you will meet everyone you share your

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apartment with after you leave? Having a meeting place gives you confidence that everyone got out safely.

Are Emergency instructions posted on your floor? They will tell you what to do if there is a fire in your building.

Do you know the telephone number to call if there is a fire? Keep this telephone number in a place where you can find it fast in a emergency.

Is there an approved fire safety plan for your building? The landlord must have a fire safety plan approved by the fire department, and must follow it.

If you answer “no” to any of these questions, you should get the information you need by speaking to your building management or your fire department.

Are your stairway doors equipped with automatic closers and latches that work, and are the doors to the stairway kept closed at all times? Your landlord must keep doors working properly so that they limit the spread of smoke and fire.

Do you know what the fire alarm sounds like? Make sure that everyone you live with knows what to do when they hear the fire alarm. Can you hear the fire alarm in your apartment? The fire alarm should be loud enough to be heard in your bedroom. Are all the exit doors clearly marked? All exit doors should have a sign that says “EXIT”. Are your corridors and stairways kept clear of debris or obstructions, and are they well lit? Your landlord must make sure exit routes have adequate lighting and are never blocked.

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If you answer “no” to any of these questions, you should get the information you need by speaking to your building management or your fire department. Is there a voice communication system in your building? Buildings higher than 12 storeys must have a voice communication system. Can you hear messages clearly in the corridor? Speakers in your apartment or the hallway are used to give you important information if there is a fire. Does your apartment door have an automatic closer

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and does it work? Having the door close automatically prevents smoke and fire from spreading into the corridor. Are any of the doors leading from the stairway into the corridors kept locked? Some stairway doors may be locked for security reasons. Are corridors and stairways equipped with emergency lighting? Emergency lighting will keep stairs lit even if the electricity to the building stops working because of a fire. If you answer “no” to any of these questions, you should get the information you need by speaking to your building management or your fire department. If you think something in your building is unsafe, call your local Fire Department Your landlord must keep your apartment building in good repair and safe for living in, and comply with the Fire Code. If there is a fire your landlord must repair damages to the building in a reasonable time. Any fire safety features must be repaired as quickly as possible.

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If there is a fire in your building, you will probably be responsible for fire or smoke damage to your own belongings. You should consider getting tenant’s insurance coverage for your belongings, and to cover your expenses for temporary accommodation. If the fire is your fault, you may also have to pay for damage to other people’s property, and to the building. Make sure the insurance you buy protects you from this liability. You can get more information about insurance from your insurance agent or broker. For more information on the laws that protect tenants, you can contact the Rent Control Office in your area. The telephone number is in the blue pages of the telephone book. Never damage the fire safety systems in your building, or allow other people to damage them. You risk your life and the lives of other people if you do. It is a criminal offence to damage any fire safety system.

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Outdoor Cooking

s p i T

When cooking outdoors, the following procedure should always be taken:

to speed a slow or rekindle a dying fire tuck dry kindling under coals.

• Keep flammable liquids away from live coals so to avoid explosions and burns.

• Make sure the barbecue stand is level and steady and keep a water container nearby when the coal is burning.

• Keep children safely away from the barbecue fire.

• When cooking is over, soak the coals so to prevent their re-ignition.

• Use charcoal electric starter of approved type or chemicals in cake form to start your charcoal fire never use gasoline, naptha or other such flammable materials.

• Never keep damp or wet charcoals in an unventilated area due to the dangers of spontaneous combustion that can result from drying.

• Never add fire starter after you have started your barbecue

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Camping Out Tips When camping out or in the backyard, exercise special care with flammable liquids and open flame near tents. When camping out, take the following steps: • Buy a tent made of flame-retardant fabric. A paraffin coated cotton tent can burn up in a few minutes with someone trapped inside. • Never use candles or matches in or near a tent, use flashlight. • Extra care should be excised when using electricity and lighting in or near a tent. When using heaters, keep them well away from walls, pillows, camping chairs, in fact, all contents of the tent. • Build your fire downwind, far away from your tent. • Make sure fire is out before you sleep.

• It is also recommended a portable smoke detector be part of every holidayer’s equipment. • Campers carry fuel for propane/gasoline type stoves in the trunk of the car should never leave the fuel in the trunk over the weekend or any longer than needed to transport it. If you are planning a full days drive to a campsite, take the precaution of opening the trunk periodically to ventilate the compartment. • Never freshen a fire with a liquid starter. Explosions can result. Keep liquid fuel away from your tent and children . • All fire laws, ordinances and regulations should be strictly observed. • Children burn up in their own backyards experimenting with campfires, candles, tents and gasoline. A little extra caution is an item well worth taking on any camping trip - whether it be the backyard or the open woods variety!

• A fire extinguisher is a must for every camper’s equipment, for it could be a life saver.

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