COMPLETE Present Perfect of the verb to leave (to leave – left – left – deixar) Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I have left
I haven’t left
Have I left?
You have left
You haven’t left
Have you left?
He, she, it has left
He, she, it hasn’t left
Has he,she,it left?
We have left
We haven’t left
Have we left?
You have left
You haven’t left
Have you left?
They have left
They haven’t left
Have they left?
The present perfect is used for a complete action: We are thinking of the result when describing: EXAMPLES: 1. An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have lived in Canada since 1984. (and I still do) 2. An action performed during a period that has not yet finished. She has been to the doctor twice this week. (and the week isn’t over yet) 3. A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now. We have visited London several times. 4. An action that was completed in the very recent past (expressed by ‘just’) I have just finished my work. 5. An action when the result is very important but the time is not. He has seen ‘Harry Potter’. Present perfect OR past simple? Very Important: When we want to give or ask details about when, where, who, we use the simple past. 1.Example: He saw ‘Harry Potter’ last week. 2.Use the present perfect when the time is not important. 3.Use the simple past when the time or place is important.
1. When ___________ the school? a) have you joined b) did you joined c) did you join d) have you ever joined
2. ___________in England? a) Did you ever worked b) Have you ever worked c) Worked you d) Didn't you have worked
3. That's the best speech____________ a) I never heard b) I didn't hear c) I used to hear d) I've ever heard
4. He's the most difficult housemate______________ a) I never dealt with. b) I never had to deal with. c) I've ever had to deal with. d) I've never had to deal with.
5. ____________ to him last week. a) I spoke b) I've already spoken c) I didn't spoke d) I speaked
6. ___________ a contract last year and it is still valid. a) We have signed b) We signed c) We haven't signed d) We have sign
7. ___________ from a business trip to France. a) I come back b) I came back c) I never came back d) I've just come back
8. Prices ________ in 1995 but then_____in 1996. a) rised _____falled b) rose _____ fell c) have risen _____ have fallen d) rose _____ have fallen
FOR & SINCE For a week two days five months three years
a long time six hours twenty minutes a few years
EXERCISES hasn’t have has haven’t for or since 1. I have _____ done my homework ______ since last week.
Since Monday 1990 Wednesday I was ten years old
January 9 o’clock midnight last year
2. She ____ has studied English 3. We
______ haven’t
seen Jane
______ for two hours. ______ since
4. His father hasn’t ______ washed the car _____ for month.
Friday. a
TIME ADVERBIALS JUST
ALREADY
YET
It is used in positive sentences between the aux.verb and the main verb.
It is used in positive sentences between the aux.verb and the main verb.
It is used in negative and question sentences at the end of the sentence.
EXERCISES
1. Have you visited your uncle
ALREADY made a cake . 2.My mother has ___________ 2.
JUST 3.Our teacher has __________ given homework. 3.
4.The children haven’t written their letters ___________ . 4.
5.Has the plane arrived at the airport ____________ ? 5.
ALREADY 6.The brothers have ___________ watered the flowers. 6.
YET
____________ ?
YET
YET
You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about people you both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put the verbs into the correct form: Example: Phil/ find a new job : Phil has found a new job. Dear Chris, Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you. 1.Fred / go / Brazil = ……………………………………………………………………….. 2.Jack and Jill / decide / to get married = …………………………………………………… 3.Suzanne / have / a baby = …………………………………………………………………. 4.Liz / give up / smoking = ………………………………………………………………….. 5.George / pass / his driving test = ………………………………………………………….. Look forward to seeing you soon Joana