Promenade de Caucriauville, Le Havre, France by Flora Eshagzadeh

LE HAVRE, FRANCE PROMENADE DE CAUCRIAUVILLE ET UN BALCON SUR L’ESTUAIRE CAUCRIAUVILLE, LE HAVRE

FLORA ESHAGZADEH

FLORA ESHAGZADEH MA LANDSCAPE & URBANISM KINGSTON UNIVERSITY

Contents

Chapter One:

Montivilliers

Introduction Epouville Le Havre Context Map Le Havre a Port before a City History of Le Havre Le Havre Population Statistics Connection to Paris Public Transportation Routes, Le Havre Cycling Routes, Le Havre

Fontenay

Octeville-sur-Mer

Fontaine-la-Mallet

Saint- Martin-du-Manoir

Chapter Two:

Harfleur

Sainte- Adresse

Le Havre

Environmental Study of Le Havre Le Havre Water Capture & Run off Green Infrastructure Plan, Proposal Gainneville Inspirations, Precedent Studies

Chapter Three: Rogerville Caucriauville, Le Havre Caucriauville, Changes Through Time

ANRU Urban Generation Plan for Le Havre Environmental Study, Caucriauville Gonfrevillelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Orcher Caucriauville, Urban Analysis Enhancing Connections to Le Plage Plage de Butin, Honfleur Caucriauville, Aspects & Challenges Caucriauville, Site Proposal Areas Caucriauville, Existing Conditions Sections

Spatial Functions, Design Process Design Objectives Promenade de Caucriauville, Masterplan Construction Materials Promenade de Caucriauville, Design Sections Caucriauville, Retail Section Caucriauville, Rain Garden section Caucriauville, Rain Garden Construction Rain Garden, Construction Details Rain Garden Visual View of Le Havre, Visual Ampitheatre seating, Visual

Chapter Four: Un Balcon sur l’Estuaire Un Balcon sur l’Estuaire; Contour Analysis

Un Balcon sur l’Estuaire; Master Plan Un Balcon sur l”Estuaire; Proposal Sections Un Balcon sur l”Estuaire; Design Sections Ecology Centre, Visual View of the Estuary, Visual Green Walkway, Visual Foret de Montgeon

Chapter Five:

Chapter Six:

Planting Strategy: Trees Planting Strategy: Perrennials and Shrubs Viewpoint Construction & Details Materials Caucriauville, Soft Intervention, Greenways Conclusion

Bibliography

Parksand & Gardens Parks Gardens Forest

Cliffs Cliffs Bassins Basins Coast Coast Coastline Coastline Estuary

Le Havre which is situated in North-Western France, on the estuary of the river Seine and is a prominent port city. The city was founded in 1517, as a port, for defence and trade, and is now Franceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s largest container port. The port is growing and has gradually migrated eastwards and now has a horizontal footprint larger than that of the city of Paris.

History of Le Havre

Changes Through Time, Analysis

1500: A seaport for Ruen was founded 1500: seaport for Ruen was founded on the A Seine’s Estuary on the Seine’s Estuary

1517: A seaport for Ruen was founded on the Seine’s estuary 1517:Works A seaport for construction Ruen was founded the Seine’sCathedral estuary started 1536: for the of the on Notre-Dame 1536: Works for the construction of the Notre-Dame Cathedral started 1541: François I commissioned Sienese architect Bellarmato to plan an extension 1541: François I commissioned Sienese architect Bellarmato to plan 1622: Cardinal Richelieu ordered the expansion of the city’s defenses an extension 1622: Cardinal Richelieu ordered the expansion of the city’s defenses

History History

1536: Construction of Notre-Dame 1536: Construction Cathedral Began of Notre-Dame Cathedral Began

1541: François I commissioned Sienese architect 1541: François I commissioned Bellarmato to plan an extensionSienese architect Bellarmato to plan an extension 1622: Cardinal Richelieu ordered the expansion 1622: Richelieu ordered the expansion of the Cardinal city’s defenses of the city’s defenses

1939: Before the war

10.09.1947: Operation Astonia

1964: Rebuilt city

“It is paradoxical, terrible and crazy, ...the city was destroyed (and also reconstructed) Le Havre has become a unique city, singular, so charged ....in my imagination.. Le Havre became a magical city, strange and mysterious.” Elodie Boyer

UNESCO city: Rebuilding the City by Auguste Perret. (1945 to 1964)

Le Havre was severely bombed during the Second World War creating a massive change in its physical fabric, erasing the city centre and sadly a huge part of Le Havre’s inhabitants. The destroyed area was rebuilt according to the plan of a team headed by Auguste Perret, from 1945 to 1964. The rebuilt city was awarded Unesco World Heritage status in 2005.

Population Statistics, Le Havre Le Havre, France - Analysis

Shrinking city: Population of Le Havre

em pt Se st gu Au

ly Ju

u Jan

in Ju ay M ril Ap h arc M ry ua br Fe y ar

Le Havre is characterised by its physical topography, the 100m cliffs between the upper town and lower town form the edge with the sea. It is a fragmented city withTourists little connection. The migration of the port has left spaces of former industrial land, warehouses and infrastructure vacant and derelict and in real need of Students redevelopment to bring back the character, and physical connection between the city and port. From 1976 Le Havreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population has seen to decrease by at least Inhabitants 1000 people a year but could have stabilized now that a tram system has been implemented forming some vital connections.

Tourists Students Inhabitants r be cem De er mb ve No r e tob Oc ber em pt Se st gu Au ly Ju in Ju ay M

ril Ap h arc M ry ua br Fe y r ua Jan

Tourists Students Inhabitants r be cem De er mb ve No r e tob Oc ber em pt Se st gu Au

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in Ju ay M ril Ap h arc M ry ua br Fe y r ua

Jan

Le Havre Le Havre

Connection to Paris Le Havre to Paris Car: Train: Boat: Bike:

196 km (2 h 30 min) 232 km (2h 40 min) 351 km (cruise: 4 days) 216km (11h 56 min)

Transport city: Connection to Paris

km (2 h 30 min) km (2h 40 min)

Paris

Public Transportation Routes Le Havre, France - Analysis

Fontaine-la-Mallet Fontenay

Saint- Martin-du-Manoir Grand Hameau

Octeville-sur-Mer

Montivilliers

Sainte- Adresse

Harfleur

Gainneville

Caucriauville Pre Fleuri

Le Havre Rogerville

KEY Tramway lines La Plage

Train lines Bus lines Trunk Lines

Gonfreville- lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Orcher

Vernicular

Not to Scale

Cycle Routes

Le Havre, France

KEY Cycle Routes Green Cycle Routes

Environmental Study, Le Havre Le Havre, France

(relative to 2008) associated with maximum sea levels on 10 March 2008

Rising sea levels in the English Channel 1900 to 2100- Haigh, Nicholls and Wells

Water Capture and Runoff Map

Water runoff is seen mostly along the cliff edges, therefore it is essential that these areas have systems in place to capture water before effecting the lower town. The Average rainfall graph is indicating that the average rainfall is highest in November, December and January. Precipitation is highest also in the autumn and winter seasons with 80mm of rainfull in December. These figures will constantly be changing and increasing in the future years so it is essential to create water storage and flood systems to adapt to the changing climate.

Green Infrastructure, Le Havre Proposal

Mt Gaillard

Dallemard

Foret de Montgeon

Sanvic Saint-Adresse

Vers le Centre ville

Parc Rouelles

Caucriauville

Green Infrastructure, Le Havre Greenway Types

There are many types of Green Infrastructure that can be seen within Le Havre majority in areas in between roads and pathways. Le Havre also has natural Green Infrastructure such as Foret de Montgeon, parks, gardens and forest which is seen around the cliffs. Greenways are highly important and have a wide range of benefits such as cleaner air, great for wildlife and biodiversity, can help create shelter from different weather condtions and is also visually appealing. Within this Green Infrastruture plan it will be nice to see these greenways extended into areas that are deficient in green space and also help strengthen connections.

Inspirations

Precedent Study, France

Honfleur

Honfleur is on the Southern side of the Seine’s Estuary one car ride away from Le Havre. This enchanting place has all the aspects a town could need. Its rich in life with modern galleries, museums and a enticing selection of hotels and restaurants as well as the historic presence of the Notre-Dame de Grâce Chapel. Along Honfleur’s stretch of the Estuary you can choose to enjoy a journey through a beautiful garden with scenic views or enjoy the stroll on the Promenade en Mer. The garden known as ‘Le Jardin des personalities is closely connected to a stunning sandy beach. This idea of a closely connected park and beach strongly inspired me to enhance the connection of Caucriauville to its beach whilst infusing Caucriauville with the multi-functional and attractive characteristics that a beach provides.

Harfleur

Harfleur is very closely linked to Caucriauville and is only a short journey away. Its important to highlight the close proximity of these towns. The visit to Harfleur enabled me to see the potential Green Infrastructure connections between the sites as well as taking inspiration for creating a natural looking pond.

CAUCRIAUVILLE,LE HAVRE

Changes Through Time Caucriauville, Le Havre

Before regeneration

After regeneration

Urban Regeneration Plan Le Havre, ANRU Plan

The ANRU, formally known as the National Agency for Urban Renovation, have created plans for areas within Le Havre to undergo regeneration. This regenerate scheme targets 4 of Le Havreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s densely populated areas containing high-rise flats that are outdated and in need of regeneration. This regeneration proposal aspires to tackle problems such as unemployment, social difficulties and lack of public infrastructures reflecting a bad image of the town. The objectives set for Le Havre are to solve the problems that these areas face as well as improving the quality of life of the inhabitants. One of the areas enhanced by this project is an area called Caucriauville. It is based on the upper town by the cliff edge. The area has undergone changes such as demolition of high-rise buildings replaced by modern housing developments as well as a minimal but an ecologically effective transformation of the urban landscape. The site has been transformed from underused grassland into parkland. ANRU have made a good start in providing a more functional and aesthetically pleasing space but needs further deelopment to fulfill the needs of the poeple of Caucriauville.

Environmental Study Caucriauville, Le Havre

RESERVOIR

WIND DIRECTION

SUN PATH

WATER RUNOFF

Ancient Reservoir, Caucriauville

This ancient reservoir is situated perfectly at the lower part of Caucriauville. It is now no longer in use but has the potential to be reused within a new water management system.

Inspirations

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Regional parks deÞciency and parks opportunity deÞciency opportunity parks Metropolitan deÞciencyparks andMetropolitan opportunity deÞciency and parks opportunity deÞciency and opportunity Metropolitan parks Urban deÞciency and opportunity East London has East deÞciencies London has in deÞciencies all The the park East in Grid allLondon the park hasLondon deÞciencies all the park areas deÞcient Urban areas in open deÞcient spacein open Urban space areas deÞcient in open space Green The for Green east Grid forRegional eastinLondon The Green and Grid forRegional east London Wildlife Sites Wildlife and Access Sites and to Nature Access Wildlife to Nature Sites and Access to Nature categories identiÞed categories in the identiÞed London in Plan the London categories PlanidentiÞed in the London Plan (see Appendix (see 1). This Appendix shortfall 1).creates This shortfall a (seecreates Appendix a 1). This shortfall creates a gap in LondonÕs gap open in LondonÕs space network. open space network. gap in LondonÕs open space network. The East London TheGreen East London Grid concept Greenaims Grid The concept East aims London Green Grid concept aims to reduce thesetoareas reduce of these deÞciency. areas This of deÞciency. canto reduce Thisthese can areas of deÞciency. This can be achieved bybedeÞning achieved and bydelivering deÞning and newbe delivering achievednew by deÞning and delivering new open spaces and open linkages, spaces including: and linkages, expansion including: open spaces expansion and linkages, including: expansion of an existing park, of an improving existing park, the improving quality and ofthe an quality existingand park, improving the quality and facilities of a park, facilities improving of a park, the improving accessibility facilities the accessibility of a park, improving the accessibility of a park, improving of a park, the improving linkages between the linkages of a park, between improving the linkages between parks and the parks provision andof thenew provision parks. of new parks parks. and the provision of new parks.

Areas of deÞciency Areas in ofaccess deÞciency to nature in accessAreas to nature of deÞciency in access to nature

District parks indicative DistrictdeÞciency parks indicative area deÞciency area District parks Local indicative parks indicative deÞciency LocaldeÞciency area parks indicative area deÞciency area Local parks indicative deÞciency area

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The East London Green grid was a huge inspiration as it allowed me to help identify my site location. Looking at the ELGG document I was able to understand how regeneration has helped particular areas like the Queen Elizabeth Olympic park and how much the surrounding communities have benefited from the changes made. New jobs, volunteering programmes and a wide range of essential facilities were created by regenerating a contaminated underused site in a low income area. An area which is now flooded with people and tourists everyday. 12

Holland Park Proposal: Proposal: The London The Proposal: London green The green grid London grid green grid

Holland Park is the Royal Boroughs largest park with 22.5 hectares of gardens, spaces for play and sports as well as a cafeteria and larges areas of woodland rich in wildlife. Holland Park provides different sport facilities and also runs health walks. An Ecology Centre also runs a series of events, activities and educational workshops for schools such as wildlife clubs. This was the inspiration of bringing An Ecology Centre to Caucriauville. Caucriauville is a low-income area, with a deficiency in education and jobs. By creating workshops for the residents and educating them with courses and volunteering programmes could be hugely beneficial to help broaden their knowledge on the natural environment, whilst also giving them key skills to find a job. This would also benefit the surrounding schools of Caucriauville by educating children on the benefits of the natural environment. The ecology centre can also provide a space for any future events or art exhibitions.

Parklands Sensory Gardens, Imperial Wharf

Holland Park provides different sport facilities and also runs health walks. An Ecology Centre also runs a series of events, activities and educational workshops for schools such as wildlife clubs. This was the inspiration of bringing An Ecology Centre to Caucriauville. Caucriauville being a low-income area, with a deficiency in education and jobs, the idea of bringing an Ecology Centre would potentially help these deficiencies. Creating workshops for the residents and educating them with courses and volunteering programmes could broaden their knowledge on the natural environment whilst also giving them key skills to find a job or even manage the site itself. This would also benefit the surrounding schools of Caucriauville by educating children on the benefits of the natural environment whilst also providing a space for any future art exhibitions to take place.

The Queen Elizabeth Olympic park helped me understand water and flood management on the River Lee. The park also had an extensive amound of planting and swales which were very inspirational and have informed my project.

Within the park, is a beautiful Japanese Garden called Kyoto Garden. This garden is breath taking with its main feature focused on water. There is a space where a footbridge is in-between a large pond and a beautiful waterfall. When analysing peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movements within the park it was clear that this particular space was the main attraction. Everyone wanted to sit and enjoy the feeling of being in-between water.

Enhancing Connections

Le Plage & Caucriauville

Enhancing Connections Connections to Caucriauville

Foret de Montgeon

Promenade de Caucriauville

Balcon sur lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire

Parc de lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire

Harfleur

La Plage

Promenade en Mer Honfleur

Caucriauville is directly connected to the beach via a tramyway connection. Eventhough this connection is in place, people with-in Le Havre do not have any real reason to come to Caucriauville. Therefore through inspiration of Honfleur I am proposing a stronger link between Caucriauville and the Beach. Just like Plage du Butin is strongly linked to Le jardin des personalities I want to create a strong link between Le plage and Caucriauville by recreating the some of these successful characteristics from these areas in Honfleur.

Plage du Butin, Honfleur Inspiration, The Beachâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Park

Plage du Butin, Honfleur

Atmospheric Inspiration, Monoprint

Urban Analysis

Existing Conditions, Caucriauille

Parking /

Parking/ Concrete Spaces

Parking /

Parking / Trees

Trees

Green Sp

Trees

Green Sp

Parking / Trees

Green Sp

ille

Roads , P

e Caucriauv

Green Spaces

Pre-Fleuri

Trees , P Roads

Green Sp

Roads , P

d Promenade

Green Sp

Buildings Roads , P

Green Sp

Buildings Roads , P

Roads, Paths and Tramway

Buildings

Buildings Roads ,P Topogra

Buildings Topogra

Topogra

Buildings

Topogra

17-18k Population of Caucriauville

Topography

FACILITIES

RUN DOWN PUBLIC REALM

IDENTITY

TRAFFIC DOMINANT

UNFRIENDLY PEDESTRIAN ENVIRONMENT

N PUBLIC DENTITY LM

LOCATION

NATURAL LANDSCAPE

IDENTITY

VIEWPOINT

RUN DOWN PUBLIC REALM

UNFRIENDLY PEDESTRIANPEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC DOMINANT UNFRIENDLY IDENTITY UNFRIENDLY PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC DOMINANT TRAFFIC DOMINANT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT

Caucriauville has a regular running tramway system that is directly connected to the beach.

There is an old resevoir located at the lower part of Caucriauville with the potential of being used again within a water management system.

Assets

OINT ES FACILITIES FACILITIES

PUBLIC RUN DOWN RUN PUBLIC DOWN PUBLIC LM REALM REALM IDENTITY

NATURAL NATURAL LANDSCAPE LANDSCAPE

FACILITIES

The lower area of Caucriauville is rich in biodiversity and ecological value. The forest connects to a larger Green Infrastructural system that reaches Foret de Montgeon an ancient Forest.

LOCATION

VIEWPOINT

UNFRIENDLY IDENTITY IDENTITY UNFRIENDLY PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC DOMINANT TRAFFIC DOMINANT UNFRIENDLY PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC DOMINANTPEDESTRIAN ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT

The lower area of Caucriauville is rich in biodiversity and ecological value. The forest connects to a larger Green Infrastructural system that reaches Foret de Montgeon an ancient Forest.

IDENTITY

Caucriauville itself has beautiful natural greenery but it is also closely connected to a lovely park with a wide range of topographical levels. Its natural landscape is a great bonus to the potential functions of the site.

NATUR LANDSC

FACILITIES

RUN DOWN PUBLIC LOCATION REALM

VIEWPOINT

IDENTITY FACILITIES

TRAFFIC DOMINANT

RUN DOWN PUBLIC REALM

Caucriauville lacks identity and is not used to its full potential. Its large strip of grassland could be regenerated into functional spaces for its large surrounding community and also become a popular tourist attraction one tram away from the beach.

Challenges

Existing

Below Caucriauville is a highly used two directional road. Eventhough there is a greenway alongside the road the road itself is run down and is very traffic dominant. Pathways are rundown and are very small and do not present a good first image.

Pedestrian paths are over taken by parking spaces and roads. Reduction in parking and larger pathways and proposed swales would create a more friendly environement for pedestrians and also push people to use public transport.

NATU LANDS

Spaces for communal gardens in between residential blocks have been disregarded for parking spaces. Proposed spaces should allow for a mutli-functional space where both these aspects can be combined.

Caucriauville lacks neighbourhood completeness. The surrounding community are highly dissadvantaged in public amenities and pedestrian destinations. There are no shops, cafes, supermarkets, library or pharmacy for the local residents.

Caucriauville, Le Havre Urban Analysis, Site Areas

Promenade de Caucriauville

Un Balcon sur lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire

Caucriauville, Le Havre

Urban Analysis, Existing Condition Sections

2 3

Spatial Functions

Caucriauville, Design Process

KEY Tram Road Proposed Communal Gardens/ Allotments Proposed Rain Garden within Existing Woodland Proposed Recreational gardens / Rain gardens Sport Facilities / Community recreational garden/ Rain garden Proposed Civic square Existing School / College Existing private military Housing

Design Ideas

Design Objectives

Caucriauville, Design Process

Integration • Green Infrastructure connections to Forest, Surrounding parks and Woodlands Functional efficiency • Changing and removing parking areas within the main Promenade strip to allow wider pedestrian pathways and spaces for the integration of swales/SUDS. • Introducing a natural playground for the surrounding community, schools and visitors of Caucriauville. • Introducing natural gym facilities within the gardens to promote healthy lifestyles. • Introducing a Natural pond, which can enhance physical, ecological and environmental aspects as well as spaces for relax ation and play. Environmental harmony • Introduction of rain gardens and a water recycling system connected to a natural pond. • Enhancing the existing natural features managing and planting more trees and plants • Designing with permeable surfaces A sense of place • Enhancing the visual, ecological and social aspects of Caucriauville. • Strengthening its natural capital • Celebrating a site with a view/enhancing the views • Creating a visitor attraction Commercial viability • Creating function; a place to meet and play • Introducing essential facilities such as supermarkets, library, pharmacy, Bank • Improve the quality of life for the residents of Caucriauville • Ecology Centre Introduced for management and educational purposes

Existing Parking

Proposed Parking

Promenade de Caucriauville Masterplan, Design Proposal

Natural Playground

The existing theme of sport above the promenade of Caucriauville will be carried through with a proposed natural playground for the existing community and surrounding schools.

Natural Outdoor Gym Facilities Natural gym facilites spread around an area of meadows and lawns for the residents to use on a daily basis. Pre-Fleuri

Commercial 42

Essential facilities such as Cafes,Supermarket, doctors, library, Bank and more for the existing community to use and have within walking distace instead of having to travel to town.

Waterscape

Rain garden, recycling water system that feeds into the natural pond. Allowing a space for play whilst the shallow waters are great for wildlife.

Un Balcon sur Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire

Seating area and viewpoint of Le Havre and the River Seine amongst a natural vegetated cliff edge which then leads onto a woodland walk and parkland. Tramway stop (Pre-Fleuri)

Construction Materials

Natural Outdoor Gym

Permeable grass pavers will be used in parking areas. This will allow rainwater to penetrate into the ground removing water build up and also be visually attractive.

Permeable pavers will be used on the pathways that are outside the residential buildings. These will allow water to sink through and also run off into the adjacent swales.

The proposed commercial area will provide shops, cafes and essential amenities for local residents. These shops will be made from recycled shipping containers.

Reclaimed wood decking will be placed on the small footbridges above the natural ponds to allow for easy pedestrian access.

Hoggin pathways will be used throughout the majority of the site as it is an easy and cost effective material that is also permeable.

Recycled wooden block benches will be reused. These will be placed by the viewpoint where it will allow people to enjoy the views of Le Havre.

Promenade de Caucriauville Caucriauville, Proposal Sections

Viewpoint Seating

Rain Garden Planting/ Grassland

Natural Pond/ Rain Garden

Road

Rain gardens/Grassland/Natural Outdor Gym

Shops/Local Amenities made From Recycled Containers

Permeable Pathway

Natural Pond/ Rain Garden

Small Pond Bridge

Tram Stop

Permeable Pathway

Rain gardens/Grassland/Natural Outdor Gym

Natural Playground

Road

Promenade de Caucriauville

Design Proposal, Retail Visual/Section

30.4m

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7.70m

rs ine s a t a on re s C en A s a s h e re uc d G eniti ace S Sp m als an eri ce al A ting t a pa oc ee d M lic S nd L h M e it b a m lai d Pu ities on w c ti e cil Re d/ prov l Fa erac e l Im tia int yc ec and iden nity rials R u te f es d e o ase d R omm Ma s U e - cre c C ble u -In trod then ea -In reng Perm -St e of -Us

13m 145m

7.5m

1.5m

31m nd

a ce

pa cS t i l t n r e e ita s ub rt em eath ab Tree yP s v H po a n s a W f d a W n P i ff ra m str an y o t-o g o n fro cT de ivity ersit i h l n s i e g i t P iv ub s pe ad tio dR a dP for nnec nd D ca e Sh tec rea e e n s r v e e g A a o c p si ro t A nd iz pro nt han ca al C nsity es De La xim ize P men e s m t t I g e a n c m i p e s d p e en M xim ve ee tin ve an str olog ity, D dsca sca ale igh s Pa and orb s to Ma s Pa L d d s s w d c t t e ve d E aun Lan Lan nd S ce Ab Tree s to viou as reas tree viou ace o a r t e e t w r r p e r a p n d p S c Q n A e e c e ls -N ante d Tre Imp -Im han sed orbe ficie ilters -In een ized Imp ing S na f l o n s F r e i a k E -P ant ized -E cre Ab er G ptim ized Par ct ed un f O nim ed s -Pl inim -In e of Wat etat i lt i iz n -M -Us e of Veg -M inim ctio f Mu s f o e -U e o -M nn on i -Us Co reat C -

Promenade de Caucriauville

Design Proposal, Rain Garden Construction Section

BUILDINGS strategies to collect,

infiltrate and cleanse rainwater. -Green roofs -Splashblocks -Gravel -Stormwater pop-ups -Rain gardens -Yard drains

Green Roof

Storm drain to carry bigger quantities

of storm water and recycled water to the large natural pond.

Hedging for privacy

Green roof excess water to be

directed into swales and natural pond.

Woodland Permeable

materials such as hoggin

allows water to pass through the ground before it goes to the swale.

Slotted pipes

enable water to drain into the ground while moving away from the buildings and into the rain garden

Rainwater pop-ups release

water into the park

Wetland Planting

SWALES collect absorb and filter rainwater from streets and houses into the ground before going into the natural pond in process allowing the stormwater to be cleaned before going into the natural pond.

STREETS & PATHWAYS slope to one side

and cuts into the curb to drect the rainwater into planted and grass swales.

Green roofs mitigate water runoff by filtering water into vegetation before going down the gutters. Rainwater flows across side walks into the swales.

Permeable pavers allow water to pass through into the ground

SUDS Construction Detail

Splash blocks slow and direct

water away from the buildings and should be regularly maintained to keep it clean of leaves.

The impacts of climate change will be more apparent in urbanised areas and more vulnerable to extreme weather like heat waves or flooding, subsequently threatening the safety of the public as well as creating costs of defence and clean up. Issues such as these can be highly reduced with GI strategies and by using cost effective ways in preparing our cities for future climate change. These can be achieved though different scales of GI such as SUDs, greenways, green walls, green roofs and permeable paving in smaller and more urbanised areas

Promenade de Caucriauville

Design Proposal, Rain Garden/SUDS Construction Detail

Existing The site is bordered with residential apartments and has a small pathway outside leading to an on road parking. Within my proposal the horizontal parking spaces on the left have been removed to allow for spacious permeable pathways which will include a swale. Hedging has been applied to the front of the ground floor apartments to act as a natural barrier between the pathways and the ground floor windows giving the ground floor residents some privacy.

Proposed Permeable Concrete/ Grass Grid Paver (Detail 2)

Roof Garden (Detail 1) Rain water collection

Gravel pipe bed

Perforated pipe connecting to basin or stream outlet

Curb & gutter Permeable Concrete Grid Paver (Detail 3) Native plants with deep root systems that absorb runoff and pollutants

Downspout Filter

NEOPRENE GASKET POST BLANK WITH DRAINAGE HOLE SCALE 1:10 SCALE 1:10

CONCRETE GRID PAVERS- PARKING COMPACTED SOIL AT PERIMETER CONCRETE GRID PAVER (80 MM) MIN THICKNESS

Promenade de Caucriauville

SOD PLUGS OR GRASS SEED

Design Proposal, Construction Details

100

TOPSOIL IN OPENINGS FILL(13 MM) BELOW SURFACE

200 (25-40 MM) BEDDING SAND COMPACTED AGGREGATE BASE

279

481

GEOTEXTILE AS REQUIRED TURN UP AT SIDES

COMPACTED SUBGRADE

SCALE 1:10

Detail 1

SECTION THROUGH THE GREEN ROOF

THERMAL INSULATION

ENGINEERED SOIL WITH PLANTING

DRAINAGE LAYER

FILTER FABRIC

ROOT BARRIER

259

RESEROIR LAYER WITH AGGREGATE

MOISTURE RETENTION LAYER AERATION LAYER

589

SCALE 1:10 PROTECTION COURSE WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE STRUCTURAL DECK

ROOF SECTION DETAIL ROOFRUG PLANTING MEDIUM TO MATCH TAPER OF PITCHED INSULATION

CONTAINER FLOOR SECTION

8" RIGID INSULATION PITCHED AT 1/4 PER 12" TO ROOF EDGE

WOOD DECKING - RECYC

3/8" COMFORT TRACK HYDRONIC RADIANT FLOO

2 1/2 " MTL FRAMING 1/2" GYPSUM WALL BOARD SCALE 1:10

281

SPRAY FOAM INSULATION

124 28

3/4 " PLYWOOD

18 89

198

CONTAINER SUBFLOOR

CONTAINER CORRUGATED ROOF PANEL

382

1/4 WATERPROOF MEMBRANE

4 3/4 C-CHANNEL CONTAI

3 1/2" STUD

FINISHED LINE OF CEILING G SCALE 1:10

PERMEABLE PAVING SECTION TOPSOIL IN OPENINGS 13 MM BELOW SURFACE CONCRETE GRID PAVER 80 MM MIN THICKNESS

HANDRAIL FICTURE DE 25-40 MM BEDDING SAND

STEEL BALUSTRAD COMPACTED AGGREGATE BASE

M10 5/5 THREADED RODS

398

COMPACTED SUBGRADE

NEOPRENE GASKET

POST BLANK WITH DRAINAG

SCALE 1:10

Detail 2 CONCRETE GRID PAVERS- PARKING COMPACTED SOIL AT PERIMETER CONCRETE GRID PAVER (80 MM) MIN THICKNESS SOD PLUGS OR GRASS SEED

100

TOPSOIL IN OPENINGS FILL(13 MM) BELOW SURFACE

200 (25-40 MM) BEDDING SAND COMPACTED AGGREGATE BASE

279

481

GEOTEXTILE AS REQUIRED TURN UP AT SIDES

COMPACTED SUBGRADE

SCALE 1:10

SECTION THROUGH THE GREEN ROOF

THERMAL INSULATION

ENGINEERED SOIL WITH PLANTING

DRAINAGE LAYER

FILTER FABRIC

ROOT BARRIER

259

RESEROIR LAYER WITH AGGREGATE

MOISTURE RETENTION LAYER

589

AERATION LAYER

Detail 3 PERMEABLE PAVING SECTION TOPSOIL IN OPENINGS 13 MM BELOW SURFACE CONCRETE GRID PAVER 80 MM MIN THICKNESS

SCALE 1:10

HANDRAIL FICTURE DETAIL 25-40 MM BEDDING SAND PROTECTION COURSE

STEEL BALUSTRADE POST

COMPACTED AGGREGATE BASE WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE

M10 5/5 THREADED RODS 50 MM

398

STRUCTURAL DECK COMPACTED SUBGRADE

ROOF SECTION DETAIL NEOPRENE GASKET

ROOFRUG PLANTING MEDIUM TO MATCH TAPER OF PITCHED INSULATION

POST BLANK WITH DRAINAGE HOLE

CONTAINER FLOORSCALE SECTION 1:10

8" RIGID INSULATION PITCHED AT 1/4 PER 12" TO ROOF EDGE

281

CONTAINER CORRUGATED ROOF PANEL CONCRETE GRID PAVER (80 MM) MIN THICKNESS SPRAY FOAM INSULATION

2 1/2 " MTL FRAMING SOD PLUGS OR GRASS SEED

100

1/2" GYPSUM WALL BOARD SCALE 1:10

124 28

3/4 " PLYWOOD COMPACTED SOIL AT PERIMETER

18 89

1/4 WATERPROOF MEMBRANE

198

382

CONCRETE GRID PAVERS- PARKING

SCALE 1:10

TOPSOIL IN OPENINGS FILL(13 MM) BELOW SURFACE

200 (25-40 MM) BEDDING SAND COMPACTED AGGREGATE BASE

SCALE 1:10

Promenade de Caucriauville Rain Garden, Design Visual

Promenade de Caucriauville View of Le Havre, Design Visual

Promenade de Caucriauville Ampitheatre Seating, Design Visual

Un Balcon Sur lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire Caurcriauville, Le Havre

Un Balcon Sur lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire

Caurcriauville, Existing Contour Analysis

Un Balcon Sur lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire Design Proposal, Masterplan

Existing Forest

View of the city of Le Havre

Ecology Centre

Residential Pathway

View of Le Havre and the Port

Pathway entrance/ exit

View towards Gonfreville and the River Seine

View of Bassin Marcel Despujols and the Canal du Havre a Tancarville

Natural Swimming Pool

Green Promenade Permeable Rail inspired pathways

/ Road towards Harfleur

Un Balcon Sur l’Estuaire Design Proposal, Sections

62 B

Balcon sur l’Estuaire Design Sections

15 m 15

Un Balcon Sur lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire Design Proposal, Sections

D 64

15 m 15

Un Balcon sur l’Estuaire

Le Centre de l’Écologie, Design Visual

Centre Ecologie

Un Balcon sur lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire

View of the Seine Estuary, Design Visual

Un Balcon sur lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire

Green walkway, Design Visual

Foret de Montgeon, Le Havre Extending the reach of the Forest

Urban Development Foret de Montgeon

FORET DE MONTGEON

CAUCRIAUVILLE

Tree Planting

Trees to be spaced out still allowing light to come through to allow growth on the ground layer and also allow light to come through to the site whilst minimising the high winds that come from the South West area.

Tree species of Foret de Montgeon Extended to Caucriauville Small trees to be planted around the ecology centre for the ecology centreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s educational purposes aswell as to protect the seating area above from the effects of strong wind.

Existing Woodland/Scrubland to be managed and cut back to allow shared space for new planting and replacement of dead wood for a thriving and healthy woodland

Small trees to be planted around the ecology centre for the ecology centreâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s educational purposes aswell as to protect the seating area above from the effects of strong wind.

Existing Woodland/Scrubland to be managed and cut back to allow shared space for new planting and replacement of dead wood for a thriving and healthy woodland

Tree Planting Plan

50 Years

Removal of diseased/dying trees and small trees planted in replacement. Regular pruning to enable light to reach forest floor.

10 years

Removal of diseased/dying trees and small trees planted in replacement.

Newly Planted

Smaller trees planted planted within the existing mature Forest.

Planting Zones

Un Balcon sur lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire, Meadows and Herbaceous plants

Swales alongside roads to retain water from dripping from upland areas to the lower areas whilst also creating a visually attractive roadside

KEY Zone 1 - Meadow Zone 2- Mix of Herbaceous plants and grasses

Swales alongside roads to retain water from dripping from upland areas to the lower areas whilst also creating a visually attractive roadside

ous Perrenials and Herbaceous plants & grasses plan

Perrenials and Herbaceous plants & grasses p

Meadows Zone 1

Allium sphaerocephalon

Campanula lactiflora

Cephalaria dipsacoides

Lavandula

Leucanthemum x superbumâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Lyrhrum virgatum

Ononis repens

Sanguisorba officinalis

Trollius europaenus

Herbaceous Plants and Grasses Zone 2

Existing Caucriauville Planting Extended

Archillea milefolium

Bromus sp.

Cirsium arvense

Festuca sp.

Lamium album

Lotus corniculatus

Ophhrys apifera

Ulex europaeus

Rain Garden / Filter Plants

Cyperus longus

Juncus effuses

Lythrum salicaria

Mimulus luteus

iris versicolor

Eupatorium perfoliatum

Carex crinita

Athyrium felix

Herbaceous Plants and Grasses Rain Garden/Filter Plants Description

Rain Garden / Filter Plants Scientific name

Common name

Type

Habitat

Height

Cyperus longus

Cyperaceae

Perennial

Moist-Wet

1.2 m

Juncus_effuses

Soft rush

Grasses

Wet-Moist

60cm

Lythrum Salicaria

Purple Loosestrife

Herbaceous plants

Wet, Moist, Mesic

80cm

Mimulus Luteus

Monkey musk

Hardy perennial

Wet

Iris Versicolor

Swamp Iris

Herbaceous plants

Eupatorium Perfoliatum

Boneset

Carex Crinita Athyrium Felix- Femina

Colour ReddishBrown -

Bloom

Placement

Aug to Sept

Full sun or partial shade

June-Aug

Sun

Purple

July-Aug

Full Sun

50cm

White

June-Sept

Sun

Wet/Moist

50cm

Blue

May-June

Full Sun or Partial Shade

Herbaceous plants

Moist - Mesic

White

July-Oct

Full sun to partial shade

Caterpillar Sedge

Grasses

Mesic -Wet

90 cm

Green

May-June

Full sun to partial shade

Lady Fern

Fern

Medium/ Moist/dry

90 cm

Non-flowering

Partial shade to Full sun

MOISTURE RETENTION LAYER

279

GEOTEXTILE AS REQUIRED TURN UP AT SIDES AERATION LAYER

COMPACTED SUBGRADE

589

SCALE 1:10

SECTION THROUGH THE GREEN ROOF

Un Balcon sur l’Estuaire

THERMAL INSULATION

Design Proposal, Construction Details

NGINEERED SOIL WITH PLANTING

DRAINAGE LAYER

FILTER FABRIC

ROOT BARRIER

R LAYER WITH AGGREGATE

259

SCALE 1:10 PROTECTION COURSE

RETENTION LAYER

WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE

AERATION LAYER

STRUCTURAL DECK

PERMEABLE PAVING SECTION ROOF SECTION DETAIL

TOPSOIL IN OPENINGS 13 MM BELOW SURFACE ROOFRUG PLANTING MEDIUM TO MATCH TAPER OF PITCHED INSULATION CONCRETE GRID PAVER 80 MM MIN THICKNESS

CONTAINER FLOOR SECTION HANDRAIL FICTURE DETAIL 589

8" RIGID INSULATION PITCHED AT 1/4 PER 12"BEDDING TO ROOFSAND EDGE 25-40 MM

M10 5/5 THREADED RODS 50 MM

COMPACTED SUBGRADE 3/4 " PLYWOOD

198

CONTAINER CORRUGATED ROOF PANEL

281

382

398

1/4 WATERPROOF MEMBRANE

SPRAY FOAM INSULATION

CONTAINER SUBFLOOR

4 3/4 C-CHANNEL CONTAINER STR POST BLANK WITH DRAINAGE HOLE

18 89

WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE

1/2" GYPSUM WALL BOARD

3/8" COMFORT TRACK HYDRONIC RADIANT FLOOR PANE

NEOPRENE GASKET

SCALE 1:10

2 1/2 " MTL FRAMING SCALE 1:10

124 28

COMPACTED AGGREGATE BASE

PROTECTION COURSE

WOOD DECKING - RECYCLED WO

STEEL BALUSTRADE POST

SCALE 1:10

3 1/2" STUD

FINISHED LINE OF CEILING GYP TYP SCALE 1:10

SCALE 1:10

STRUCTURAL DECK

CONCRETE GRID PAVERS- PARKING COMPACTED SOIL AT PERIMETER

ROOF SECTION DETAIL

ROOFRUG PLANTING MEDIUM TO MATCH TAPER OF PITCHED INSULATION

CONCRETE GRID PAVER (80 MM) MIN THICKNESS

CONTAINER FLOOR SECTION

8" RIGID INSULATION PITCHED AT 1/4 PER 12" TO ROOF EDGE

1/4 WATERPROOF MEMBRANE 3/4 " PLYWOOD

18 89

SPRAY FOAM INSULATION

281

CONTAINER CORRUGATED ROOF PANEL

279

1/2" GYPSUM WALL BOARD

481

2 1/2 " MTL FRAMING SCALE 1:10

WOOD DECKING - RECYCLED WOOD

TOPSOIL IN OPENINGS FILL(13 MM) BELOW SURFACE

3/8" COMFORT TRACK HYDRONIC RADIANT FLOOR PANELS CONTAINER SUBFLOOR

(25-40 MM) BEDDING SAND

124 28

198

200

100

SOD PLUGS OR GRASS SEED

COMPACTED AGGREGATE BASE

4 3/4 C-CHANNEL CONTAINER STRUCTURE

3 1/2" STUD FINISHED LINE OF CEILING GYP TYP

GEOTEXTILE AS REQUIRED TURN UP AT SIDES

SCALE 1:10

COMPACTED SUBGRADE

SCALE 1:10

SECTION THROUGH THE GREEN ROOF

THERMAL INSULATION

ENGINEERED SOIL WITH PLANTING

DRAINAGE LAYER

FILTER FABRIC

ROOT BARRIER

259

RESEROIR LAYER WITH AGGREGATE

MOISTURE RETENTION LAYER

589

AERATION LAYER

SCALE 1:10 PROTECTION COURSE WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE STRUCTURAL DECK

Recycled Wood Decking

3.22

2.55

0.38

See Roof Section Detail

Container Subfloor 4 3/4 C-足Channel Container Structure

Handrail

3/8" Comfort Track Hydronic Radiant Floor Panels

See Floor Section Detail

Coach Bolt 3/8 x 4"

0.29

3 1/2" Stud

Handrail Fixture Detail

0.89

Steel Beam Concrete Foundation

Topography

Compacted earth fill 20% stone

0.28

SCALE 1:25

Recycled Elements and Structure of Shipping container

Un Balcon sur lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Estuaire

Design Proposal, Construction Materials

Shipping Containers

Recycled/Recalimed wood

Permeable Pavers

Long Wood Benches reused

Re-used Railway edging for pathways

Reclaimed wood for the inside and entrance of the viewpoints

Soft Intervention, Greenways

Design Proposal, Adjacent Road by Caucriauville

Existing

Soft Intervention On a Larger scale this soft intervention will enhance the existing road below Caucriauville and connect it with the wider Green infrastructure network. It will also be used to enhance the roads pedestrian access and aesthetic appearance.

Conclusion The East London Green Grid and the Olympic park have hugely inspired my thought process and helped to locate a site area in Le Havre that could be improved. Just like East London, Caucriauville is a low-income area with a large population of around 16-18k from a diverse range of backgrounds. The site had many benefits such as a strong tramline connection to the beach, beautiful viewpoints across the city of Le Havre and the Seine Estuary. It is also surround by woodlands and scrublands, which are rich in biodiversity and strongly connected to a wide green infrastructure network. This area was regenerated back in 2008 from a large area of grassland into a Promenade with parking spaces and wide pathways. Some of the run down tower blocks were knocked down and replaced.

After talking to a government agency that works within Caucriauville I came to understand that Caucriauville lacks functionality. It is a low-income area with a deficiency in jobs and facilities. There are no shops, café’s, pharmacy, library or facilities that can help benefit the community. The promenade is just a green strip of land with no functional purpose therefore my strategy was to take this plain canvas, and enhance it natural characteristics and propose essential facilities within the area to create a better quality of life, for the residents of Caucriauville. I started by verifying the essential elements that a community needs such as local shops and amenities, educational facilities, and areas for social interaction and play. I then identified the main routes through the site and used it as a guideline to know where the essential pathways should be placed. I then split the site into areas and spaces for different purposes. An area for play with a proposed natural playground then leading in to rain gardens and planting spaces with outdoor gym facilities. A civic space was placed in the centre of the site where there will be supermarkets, a pharmacy, library, doctors and cafes and other essential facilities. The bottom part of the site will be an area for play and interaction with water. A natural pond will play an essential role in the recycling water and drainage systems and will be connected to roof gardens and swales. This site was designed for the residents of Caucriauville allowing them to expand and grow as a town and encourage them to have a better quality of life. Introducing new shops will create more jobs and proposing a library will give the residents and surrounding schools facilities to learn. The lower area of Caucriauville ‘Un Balcon sur l’Estuaire has been designed subtly still keeping that natural appearance. But functional aspects such as a proposed Ecology Centre and Viewpoint have been proposed to increase its functionality. The Ecology centre will have courses and volunteering programmes for the residents of Caucriauville, which will educate them and give them skills to find jobs such as landscape management. The Ecology Centre can also be used as a temporary building for art exhibits and events, which will bring people to Caucriauville. Le Havre will be celebrating its 500 year Anniverary as a port city in 2017 and what a better place to celebrate, then in Caucriauville.

Bibliography I would like to say a huge thank you to AURH (Agence d’Urbanisme), for their continued support and advice. Your guidance and information was greatly appreciated and a great help in resolving this project. Le Havre Google Map Image Modified Le Havre Contect Map- AURH Agence d’Urbanisme de la Region du Havre Le Havre modified map AURH-AURH Agence d’Urbanisme de la Region du Havre Le Havre a port before a city- modified map -AURH Agence d’Urbanisme de la Region du Havre Le Havre Hisotry, Development trough time-AURH Agence d’Urbanisme de la Region du Havre Population Statistics, Le Havre Map Housing of Le Havre- Graphs- http://www.map-france.com/Le%20Havre-76620/housing-Le%20Havre.html Connection to Paris Map- Modified- AURH Agence d’Urbanisme de la Region du Havre et de l’Estuaire de la Seine documents: Rising Sea level Graphs - Rising sea levels in the English Channel 1900 to 2100- Haigh, Nicholls and Wells Average temperature graph- Le Havre- http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Le-Havre-weather-averages/Haute-Normandie/FR.aspx Average Rainfall Graph- Le Havre- http://www.worldweatheronline.com/Le-Havre-weather-averages/Haute-Normandie/FR.aspx Water Catchment and Runoff Map- Le Havre- Modfied topography Map- Google maps- AURH Modified Le Havre Google Map image combined with AURH Green Infrastructure Plan Modified- AURH Agence d’Urbanisme de la Region du Havre Le Havre, Topography Map- Google Maps/AURH Agence d’Urbanisme de la Region du Havre

ANRU- Le Havre Regeneration Map - http://dominiqueatkins.com/BLOG/1103abudhabi_havreanru.pdf Caucriauville Changes Through Time- Images- Google Earth Caucriauville before Regeneration Image- ANRU Ancient Reservoir Historic Maps of Le Havre- http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/france_city_plans/ East London Green Grid- http://legacy.london.gov.uk/mayor/auu/docs/elgg-primer.pdf Aspects and Challenges Symbols/Images- Olympic park Management plan Aspects and Challenges - Symbols/Images- Public Realm & Landscape Design; Barton Willmore Materials- Green Grid Pavers- https://www.pinterest.com/pin/524739794058566112/ Materials- Reclaimed Wood Decking- http://www.outdoordesign.com.au/images/uploads/2014121614186811827732.jpg Contour Analysis Map behind- Modified Google Maps Image Foret De Montgeon, Le Havre Shrinking though time Historic Map - Modified Tree Images Perrennial Meadows Allium sphaerocephalon- https://static.99roots.com/uploads/images/Allium-sphaerocephalon_32562_1280_1280.jpg Campanula lactiflora ‘Prichard’s Varie -Http://Www.PlantWorldSeeds.Com/Images/Seed_Images/CAMPANULA_LACTIFLORA_PRICHARDS_VARIETY Cephalaria dipsacoides- http://www.szkolka-przytok.pl/userdata/gfx/617bde459c1b24bf4de79915f9199314.jpg Geranium sylvaticum- https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3400/5807501097_4161a3545e.jpg Lavandula - http://www.crocus.co.uk/images/products2/PL/00/00/00/40/PL0000004047_card_lg.jpg

Bibliography Herbaceous Plants and Grasses Caucriauville planting Archillea milefolium - https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/311/i-Achillea-millefolium-i/Details?returnurl=%2Fplants%2Fperennials%3Faliaspath%3D%252fplants%252fperennials Bromus sp.- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromus Cirsium arvense - http://lhprism.org/species/cirsium-arvense Festuca sp. - http://www.extension.org/pages/61453/propagating-water-conserving-plants-by-division#.Vco4eyZViko Lamium album - http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/lamium-album-white-dead-nettle Lotus corniculatus - http://www.discoverlife.org/20/q?search=Lotus+corniculatus Ophhrys apifera - http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/ophrys-apifera-bee-orchid Ulex europaeus - http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Ulex+europaeus Filter Plants Cyperus longus - http://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?latinname=Cyperus+longus Juncus_effuses - common rush - https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/details?plantid=1068, Lythrum_salicaria-Purple Loostrife https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/details?plantid=6259, Mimulus Luteus - Monkey musk, http://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/mimulus-luteus/20.html Wet Plants Blue Flag Iris- Iris Versicolor- Purple Flower- Medium Wet-FP- 3ft- https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/9397/i-Iris-versicolor Boneset- Eupatorium Perfoliatum-- http://abchomeopathy.com/r.php/Eup-per, https://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/b/ bonese65.html, http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=c730, Caterpillar Sedge- Carex Crinita - http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=279732&isprofile=0& Lady Fern- Athyrium Felix- Femina- https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/details?plantid=214 Foret de Montgeon Trees Betula pendula - http://www.instantplants.ie/photo/thumb/Betula%20pendula%20Youngii.jpgCastanea sativa Mill. http://www.pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Castanea+sativa Castanea Sativa- https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Castanea_sativa_002.jpg Fagus sylvatica - https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/details?plantid=779 https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/17/Fagus_sylvatica_019.jpg Fraxinus excelsior - http://www.kew.org/files/styles/content_featured/public/assets/KPPCONT_066131.jpg?itok=C1fmkuUa Pinus sylvestris - https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/13141/i-Pinus-sylvestris-i/Details Quercus robur http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/queroba.pdf/ http://newfs.s3.amazonaws.com/taxon-images-1000s1000/Fagaceae/quercus-robur-le-azinovjev.jpg Quercus Rubra- http://hort.ifas.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/queruba.pdf/ http://newportarboretum.org/home/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Quercus-Rubra-6.jpg Tilia sp. - https://www.woodlandtrust.org.uk/visiting-woods/trees-woods-and-wildlife/british-trees/native-trees/common-lime/

Bibliography Leucanthemum x superbum’TE Killin’- http://www.lubera.com/bilder/rot/produkte_1200/leucanthemum-x-superbum-gruppen stolz-sommer-garten-margerite-2274239_2.jpg Lyrhrum virgatum- http://static.zoonar.de/img/www_repository2/37/3b/d6/10_0813cbe69e8084a0f5dfa3a2f5da9c7b.jpg Molina Caerulea’Moorhexe’- https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/1d/4a/61/1d4a61208c3d225f411b3f918462c026.jpg Sanguisorba officinalis- http://www.knollgardens.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Sanguisorba-Tanna1613.jpg Trollius europaenus- http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/images/5366.jpg Container Images- http://www.residentialshippingcontainerprimer.com/action%20it Container Construction Details- Modified - http://www.residentialshippingcontainerprimer.com/action%20it Le Centre Pompidou - Temporary Art exhibit; Caucriauville, Le Havre; http://www.paris-normandie.fr/documents/10157/0/PN-522433.jpg Le Grad Par(I)s, Le Monteur Architecture Paris, 2009 Guide ddecouverte de la Nature au Havre, Museum d’histoire naturelle du Havre, 2012 - Planting AURH Agence d’Urbanisme de la Region du Havre et de l’Estuaire de la Seine documents: L’Estuaire en Seine : Les Raisons d’Agir, 2012 Siene Gateway 1.0, 2013 Additional Reading Sustainable Urbanism; Urban Design with Nature; Douglas Farr

Green Infrastructure – David C.Rouse – Sustainability: Realizing the Multiple Benefits of Green Infrastructure Designing Greenways- Hellmund and Smith Landscape Urbanism: Definitions & Trajectory- Christopher Gray Green infrastructure Guidance – Natural England http://dirt.asla.org/2012/11/01/trees-are-a-matter-of-life-and-death/ http://student.agsci.colostate.edu/rdfiscus/Design%20with%20Nature.pdf http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/urgp_benefits_of_green_infrastructure_main_report.pdf/$file/urgp_benefits_of_green_infrastructure_main_report. pdf http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/ecosystems/index_en.htm ANRU http://dominiqueatkins.com/BLOG/1103abudhabi_havreanru.pdf http://barkingriversideproject.blogspot.co.uk/2012/12/wildlife-corridors-and-precedents.html http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52013DC0249 - Access to European Union Law