The Great Northern Archipelago by mark fowler

er Atelier 2B

Introduction 1 Site selection 2 Urban Sprawl 4 Commuter Hub 5 Urban density 6 Green Belt Density 7 Human Needs 8 Layering Infrascapes 10 Per capita 11 Consolidating Urban Sprawl 12 Defined regions 13 Region 1: the Urban Core 17 The New Urban Condition 18 Building configurations 20 Multiple Ground levels 21 The Evolution of retail 22 The Urban Toolbox 24 Human movement 26 Human Transport 28 Supplying the urban core 30 The wild connection 32 Urban water management 34 The Social Toolbox 36 Levels of function 38 Sky Tram 40 Sky Walk 42 Existing Roads 43 The Urban River 44 Green Infrastructure 45 Conceptual urban Images 46 Conceptual urban Images 48 Conceptual urban Images 50 Conceptual urban Images 52 Urban Precedents 54 Region 1.1: Vegetation Element 57 bioindicators indicators 58 biomonitors 60 Bio biomonitor network 62 REAL WORLD APPLICATION 64 Modular Bryophyte panels 66 Bryophyte Matrix 67 bioswale Holding pond 68 biomonitor Precedents 70 Region 2: The Flexible expanse 73 The adaptable Condition 74 The Transitional Toolbox 76 Conceptual Flexible Image 78 Region 2.1: Natural reclamation 81 Staggered retreat 82 Rewilding the urban condition 84 Conceptual Reclamation Image 86 Flexible Precedents 88 Region 3: The wild Domain 91 The Wild Condition 92 Managing Tropic Dynamics 93 Connecting the urban to wild 94 The wild Toolbox 96 The Role of the Predator 98 Conceptual Wild Images 100 The Wild environment 102 The Wild TIME LINE 104 Conceptual Wild Images 106 Wild Precedents 108 Delivering This project 110

The Great Northern Archipelago 01

Mark Fowler MLA 2

Contents Introduction 1 Site selection

Site Requirements

Urban Sprawl

Fragmenting the ground plane and layering

Per capita Consolidating Urban Sprawl

7 8

Life style requirements

Layering Infrascapes

5 6

Bury and Ramsbottom

Green Belt Density Human Needs

Site Requirements

Commuter Hub Urban density

11 12

Re-Define Urban boundary

Defined regions

Urban water management

Naturally inspired systems for the urban envir ment

Roof top sudâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and urban waterfalls

The Social Toolbox

Levels of function

The New Urban Condition

Hyper-dense urban Core

Building configurations

Tree top journey Multi level pedestrian network

Shared Car park network

Supplying the urban core

Infrastructural connections Road infrastructure Roads To be retained Green bridges What happens to the unused roads

Roads no longer required

The wild connection Wild infrastructure

Conceptual urban Images

bioindicators indicators

48 50 52 54

Managed biomass

Natural Function

64 66 67

Conceptual Reclamation Image

Nature returns

Flexible Precedents

Region 3: The wild Domain 91

The Wild Condition

A social biosecure capital protected ecosystem utilised for power production

Managing Tropic Dynamics

Connecting the urban to wild

A trickle down system for forest regrowth

100

Urban Gondola

102

Village in the trees

104

Establishing accessible wild woodland

Wild Precedents Delivering This project

A flexible space between urban and nature

The Role of the Predator

Social interaction

The wild Toolbox

Habitat typologies

Vegetation for water filtration

Urban Mining

Conceptual Wild Images

Visual bio indicator

biomonitor Precedents

Rewilding the urban condition

The Wild TIME LINE

Example configuration

The amalgamation of Bury and Ramsbottom

The Wild environment

Rainwater harvesting

bioswale Holding pond

Staggered retreat

Conceptual Wild Images

Sample testing

Modular Bryophyte panels

Sample testing

REAL WORLD APPLICATION

Visual Indicators of airborne pollutants

biomonitors

Region 1.1: Vegetation Element 57

Bryophyte Matrix

45 46

Touching the Irwell

Urban Precedents

A flexible space between urban and nature Temporary construction

Region 2.1: Natural reclamation 81

Elevated ground levels

Conceptual urban Images

The Transitional Toolbox

43 44

The wild Ribbon through the Urban Core

Bio biomonitor network 28

Managed Production and temporary biomass

Conceptual Flexible Image

Urban Street scape

Conceptual urban Images

A evolutionary battle between the Urban Core and the surrounding

The wild fuluvial connection

Green Infrastructure Conceptual urban Images

wilderness

Multi level pedestrian links

Existing Roads The Urban River

Multi level public transport network

Sky Walk

Layers of transport infrastructure

The next stage in traversing the urban environment Extending the Tram Network

Human Transport

21 22 24

Fragmenting the ground plane and layering

Human movement

Functional Plot Ratio

Multiple Ground levels The Evolution of retail The Urban Toolbox

Multilevel urban infrastructure

Sky Tram

Region 2: The Flexible expanse 73

The adaptable Condition

Changing social dynamics

Region 1: the Urban Core 17

106

View from the tree tops

108 110

Implementation time line

Mark Fowle

Introduction

This project 2B, is to expoler the application of the strategy developed as a part of the project 2A in refined detail. The aim is to test our strategy at a higher resolution against the relevant conditions. Full details of the strategy can be found in the document 2b however to summarize the main points:

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Increase urban density

Efficient use and combination of Infrascape typologies to increase urban density and elevation

Re-wild Surplus Land

Agriculture integration into the urban Fabric allowing re-wilding of Surplus land

Site selection Site Requirements

TO further develop my strategy and its application on a focused areas required the selection of a suitable Site. The site requirements where:

The Irwell: Direct interaction with the river Irwell, a crucial part of the “genius loci” through its historical and ecological connections. Topology: A diverse range of elevations and their typologies from River bed to hill top. Urban: An area with a relatively high population density and a combination of both residential and commercial function. Green Belt: An area containing designated green belt land dominated by agricultural function.

The Area selected included Bury and Ramsbottom as urban areas with the River Irwell running through them and the surrounding Green belt land to the east With an elevation increase to a site currently used as a wind farm.

Selected site

Infrascape Typology analysis of Irwell catchment

0.2

0.4

0.6

Scale 1:15000 0.8 1 1.2 Projection: British National Grid

Jan 26, 2017 09:56 1.4

1.6

1.8

2 km

Mark Fowler Manchester Metropolitan University

Mark Fowle

Topology Ramsbottom

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Ramsbottom

Urban

Green Belt

Bury

GREEN BELT

Low Elevation

River Irwell

High Elevation

Urban Sprawl Site Requirements Initially Research began by analysing the density of the Urban areas and how people used them. It quickly became clear that Bury and to a lesser extent Ramsbottom are commuter towns. Large residential areas provide housing for commuters whilst the urban area as a whole does not have enough jobs within to support its populace.

4.3

sq. km

17,872 population

Ramsbottom

240

m2pp

(Citypopulationde, 2017)

Average

190

m pp 2

Bury

13.8

sq. km

77,211 population

179

m2pp

(Citypopulationde, 2017)

Mark Fowle

Commuter Hub

47% of residents commute out

(Statisticsgovuk, 2017)

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Urban density

Bury and Ramsbottom Each person within these areas has access to 190 m2 of designated urban space and 390 m2 of green belt space. However this Green belt space is dominated by agricultural land. for the most part it provides limited access and less than 50% of our dietary requirements. This Brings us to a total of 580 m2 of available space per person with in the designated site.

18.1

sq. km

0 9 1

p p m

Urban containment

Designated urban space available per person

Mark Fowle

Green Belt Density

Combined Urban and rural

580

m pp

37.02

Ramsbottom

sq.km

Bury

Green Belt

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0 9 3

p p m

Designated Green Belt space available per person

Human Needs

Life style requirements

Armed with an understanding of the density within the site led me to look into the requirements are necessary to support a comfortable human lifestyle and see how they compare. The largest land requirement is of course food production. With traditional methods it takes approx 5000m2 to support one person however with a smarter system like Aquaponics it can be reduced to 10% of that. Habitation was the second largest requiring around 75 m2 per person with an addition of 25 m2 per additional inhabitant. Work, depending on type, required a relatively small amount of space 20 m2. Based on this, we can estimate that it would take approx 600m2 to comfortably sustain each person. This includes enough land to produce their dietary requirements. In comparison the 580 m2 per person within our site is not supplying the dietary requirements or the jobs for the population.

500

Tra dit m2pp Far ion min al g

Food Production

Mark Fowle

The average UK home is 76m

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500 Aqu a

153 Sin 10 0 gle 0 25 occupa nt A 60-

pon

ics

ddi pp occ tiona upa l nt

Habitation

Working

m2 pp

Layering Infrascapes

Fragmenting the ground plane and layering By Applying the strategy developed for the Irwell catchment to this area many benefits will be provided. By combining the existing urban areas and layering their function we can drastically reduce the foot print of the urban area. We can increase food security to 100% by utilising modern farming techniques within The dense urban hub. This in turn would free up the surplus traditional agricultural land to be rewilded, vastly improving the ecological value. By restricting the urban sprawl and building with the purpose of utilising surfaces to have function and provide production, the potential for creating an urban environment that is tall rather than wide is endless.

Urban

Agriculture

Ecological

LARGE FOOT PRINT TRADITIONAL CONFIGURATION

Increased Ecological space on a reduced footprint

Increased urban growth with contained foot print

Mark Fowle

Per capita

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visulisation of Requirments per capita

600 Com

99%

m2p

for

Foo

ecu

rit

tab l

0 5 1

Visualisation of combined space requirements

t n i r p t Foo

Consolidating Urban Sprawl

Re-Define Urban boundary

By redefining the urban boundary and layering infrascape typologies we will combine all 18.1 sq. km of urban sprawl into a new urban footprint of 15 sq. km whilst increasing food security to 99%. The combined urban hub as an amalgamation of Bury and Ramsbottom will be renamed Burybottom. This hyper dense self sufficient urban hub will be surrounded by flexible zone used to allow temporary construction. This in turn will be surrounded by the Rewilded surplus agricultural land.

4.3

sq. km

Bury Bottom

Ramsbottom

Rams

This new hub will proved what is effectively 57 sq. km of traditional function within the reduced foot print of 18.1 SQ. KM.

15 Bury

Contain urban sprawl and consolidate

13.8

sq. km

Contain urban sprawl and consolidate

Mark Fowle

Defined regions

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Rewilded FLEXIBLE TRANSITION ZONE URBAN CORE

Burtytom Bo

Rams

Visualisation of zone typologies

Bury Bottom

Rams

Diagra

Bury Bottom

Rams

Population

95,083

57+

Combined

Expected growth of +0.46%/year

Bury Bottom

sq. km

Rams

Required for food security Through aquaponics

Burybottom concept plan

sq. km

Footprint

sq. km

Burybottom futu

Mark Fowle

ammatic representation of urban core enveloped in wild land

ure vision

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Mark Fowle

Region 1: the Urban Core

The proposal for the creation of Burybottom is divided into 3 distinct regions. The Urban region is the main location of the populace and the means to sustain it.

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The New Urban Condition Hyper-dense urban Core

This proposal Aims to create a Hyper-dense layered city with integrated agriculture supplying its occupants with 99% of its domestic food requirements. With integrated infrascape typologies and a focus on efficient use of space and resources.

Layered urban core with multiple ground levels and subterranean aquaponics Subterranean Aquaponics used for intensive short crop production. Benefits include, 90% space reduction than its equivalent with traditional techniques, reduced thermal requirements, reduced distribution loop and potential integration with urban infrastructure for water/power recycling and reduction.

Urban Core With subterranean aquaponics

Layered infrascapes

Urban Core With layered infrascape typologies

Mark Fowle

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Increased space utilising existing foot print By fracturing and manipulation at ground level we are able to then expand the elevated planes whilst still using the existing foot print. These spaces will then be used as social and communal interaction or food production spaces.

Utilising low Functioning surfaces for localised food production Utilisation of low function surfaces through adapted green wall technology for local food production, air filtration, and urban thermal reduction.

Large scale Urban farms Utilising low function surfaces through adapted green wall technology for local food production, air filtration and urban thermal reduction.

Concept section of urban environment

Building configurations Functional Plot Ratio

By increasing urban density and stacking buildings of different typologies we are able to manipulate the functional space benefit vs. foot print cost. These diagrams show the available functional space on a simple 3d shape and how, by simply stacking them, there is a large increase in the functional plot ratio.

Stacked Potential 30-60% per layer + Roof top

Domicile Potential productive space

Vertical growing space Approx 50% per outside vertical edge

Roof top growing space 100%

Balcony 10-25%

Combined 300%+

Mark Fowle

Multiple Ground levels By creating elevated links between buildings we are increasing the functional plot ratio whilst aiding efficient movement between buildings. These spaces are able to be used as social spaces in addition to commuter routes.

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Building links Variable depending on Length

The Evolution of retail

Elevated function

With the development of elevated commuter routes and social spaces comes the opportunity to create high level consumer districts. As routes pass though buildings they become consumer hubs and ideal meeting points. Social spaces to eat, drink and relax will develop on elevated ground planes between buildings.

Concept perspective

Mark Fowle

of future elevated high street

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The Urban Toolbox

Accessib

Fragmenting the ground plane and layering The main focus of the urban core will be to maximise function whilst retaining usability. The tool box to achieve this is vast and contains a cretain amount of flexibility. Here are some of the key areas of significance along with concept axonometric slices for a visual representation of the quality of space created.

Layering Infrascapes

Layered Urban core

As detailed in the strategy for the Irwell catchment, this urban archipelago will consist of a multi layered function Infrascapes to achieve maximum foot print potential. The concept of ground floor will be fragmented with elevated connections between buildings.

Utilising low functioning surfaces

Low function surfaces will be utilised to provide maximum return through the use of localised vertical farming, algal bloom production and solar surfaces. The deciding factors will be the use of the adjacent space and the LUX potential.

Fragmenting the ground

The concept of the grou level will evolve to be of interconnected func and social spaces at a v of levels. By fragmenti elevating the existing g plane we are able to ex the potential functiona available exponentiall

Mark Fowle

ble river front Increasing social interaction with the river by Opening up the urban river corridors as major pedestrian and cycling routes on multiple layers. Spaces created will also serve as social meeting points.

Educational river front

Glass River walls create a real connection with the river and its ecology. Through connection and education the necessary social shift to protect our rivers can be achieved .

Naturalising the river banks

By naturalising selected areas of the urban river bank and creating viewing points we can continue to educate and entertain.

und floor a series ctional variety ing and ground xpand al space ly.

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Locations of intervention

Human movement

Extending the Tram N

Currently Manchest extended

The next stage in traversing the urban environment

Automate logistical goods.

Burnley

Existing pedestrian infrastructure is limited. Historically its been implemented as an after thoughT with cars taking the priority. Movement from one place to another is On a single horizontal plane. With this proposal we will be evolving human pedestrian routes. by utilising multiple ground levels we increase the number of routes available which in turn creates the opportunity to create multiple planes of social interaction. Routes through the urban core would have the potential to pass through buildings without the need to travel up and down buildings unnecessarily. These elevated connections between buildings and the layer of the building they pass though can be developed into social spaces, becoming the new â&#x20AC;&#x153;high streetâ&#x20AC;?.

Traditional Movement between building

Bury Bottom

Manchester

Rams

Multi ground level movement

Mark Fowle

Network

y the tram network extends from ter to Bury. This existing network will be d to the north to Burnley.

Layers of transport infrastructure

ed Cargo trams will be used to create a l network to carry import and export

High Level scenic link to wild areas

i W e Th

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Elevated ground levels link urban structures of commuting and social interactions.

Traditional ground levels offer traditional links with reduced need for cars due to Extended tram network. Sub subterranean network of autonomous transport vehicles deliver consumable throughout the urban core. Only for emergency commuter use. Secondary function to house services and as a convenient access without danger/disrupting commuters.

Human Transport

Tree top journey

Gondola Lift

Gondola lifts will be Used as a means of travel in and from the urban core over the rewilded expanse concluding at the elevated ground levels. Functioning as a means of commuter travel and a form of entertainment and education. Powered by the high altitude wind turbines and as a means of transport for the supply of labour and equipment to the turbines .

The Wild Tram

A scenic alternative for routes to burnely and Manchester, powered by the high altitude wind turbines. N

Gondola lift Tram line

Mark Fowle

Shared Car park network

Multi level pedestrian network

Cars will be a form of transport that is expensive and not easy to use. Roads and parking will be limited to encourage use of alternative systems. The best way to use cars will be as a means to travel to other locations outside of the urban core rather than a means of transport within. 3x locations will be used to house cars under a car share scheme. The largest will be situated directly next to the main road into and out of Burrybottom, the other two will be at opposite sides of the urban core.

Multi level pedestrian routes will criss-cross and surround the urban core allowing direct and indirect access on foot or bike to any part of the urban core at any level

Elevated pedestrian network plan

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Multi level pedestrian network section

Car share location plan

Supplying the urban core

Road infrastructure

Infrastructural connections

A hyper-dense urban core reduces the need for cars for day to day commuting and the food producing urban agriculture within the core further reduces the need for food imports. The Current road network is extensive, underfunded, under maintained and overused. With this proposal and the reduction in cars, we would retain only a fraction of the existing roads. The M66 would re retained as an arterial link to Manchester to the south and Burnley to the north, supplying and exporting commodities. This motorway will have periodic nature bridges offering an alternate route to large carnivorous and herbivorous terrestrial fauna. The roads within the urban core would undergo a verity of changes. Including a retrofitted network of high speed passenger transport for internal public transport, large pedestrianised zones and, of course, some will be maintained for the few needed community share cars.

Current road infrastructure

Proposed layout

Narro

Mark Fowle

Roads To be retained

Roads no longer required

Green bridges

Used to allow wildlife an alternative and safer route rather than crossing the road preventing species becoming isolated. Bridges would be situated at no more than 1000m intervals. Dimensions range depending on species use, predators prefer a narrow bridge where as herd species prefer a wide bridge to travel in groups. Bridges would be situated at a distance of 500-1000m apart. Existing surplus bridges can be re-purposed for this function and allowed to form a moderate canopy layer.

What happens to the unused roads

These roads will no longer be maintained, They may still be used and that use will help control weed growth. Vehicles will need to adapt to the increasing ruggedness of unmaintained roads as they develop.

oad R r

ow predator Bridge

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oad R r

Wide herbivore bridge

Unused roads and infrastructure will be allowed to degrade and rewild at a natural pace. The integration of Ramsbottom into Bury will be a process over time allowing the rewilding to be a staggered process.

The wild connection Wild infrastructure

Levels of management

Wild

A ribbon of semi-wild land will pass through the urban core insuring a physical connection to the rewilded area. A mix of grass lands, shrub layer and patches of moderate density canopy layer Running along the re-naturalised river banks of the irwell will form a large scale interactive space. Deer will roam its banks in the early mornings and late evening using it as a green highway through the urban core. The management across the entire site will be as diverse as the habitats it offers: High level management will create a melding of wild and manicured land to create a series of very pleasant and interactive spaces reminiscent of the English country landscape/picturesque movements. Used as pleasure parks and recreational space. Medium Level areas will be well monitored with infrequent management interactions. Dangers will be mitigated but not eliminated. Areas will be used for out door activities, camping etc. Low level areas will be heavily wild with minimal human intervention, monitoring will be undertaken to manage population health, habit and number. Areas will be available for human use but inaccessible to the unprepared. Human Exclusion zones will be used to create pockets of complete wilderness. Inaccessible to humans and potentially dangerous, monitoring will only be available through previously tagged animals.

High management Medium Management Low management Human exclusion

Mark Fowle

d ribbon through the urban core

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Multiple pseudo ground levels act as infrastructural linkages and view points across the wild ribbon. Pedestrian access is available to transition from the urban to wild.

Urban water management

Naturally inspired systems for the urban environment The new hyper dense urban core will incorporate a network of neutrally inspired systems for water management. A Grid of SUDS will be used to slow down and filter the flow of water ultimately leading to the Irwell.

Urban Sud’s network

Roof top sud’s and urban waterfalls Water management will form an integral part of the urban landscape. Forming an urban habitat for a range of species and becoming an aesthetic social space. Roof top suds will add another dimension to traditional water management, acting as a tool to slow water retention through pools, basins and to be celebrated though urban waterfalls as a majestic intermittent effect of nature.

Roof top Sud’s and urban waterfalls

Mark Fowle

WATER ATTENUATION WITH VERTICAL SURFACES

ROOFTOP GARDENS, SUDS AND GREEN WALLS UTILISED AS WATER ATTENUATION SURFACES TO SLOW WATER FLOW AND ACT AS FILTRATION.

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Rai

n i a R n i a R

The Social Toolbox

SANTANDER CYCLES

(Transport for london | every journey matters, 2017)

Changing social dynamics

P2P car lendin hiyacar (Hiyacarcouk, 2017)

The modification of social dynamics Will form an intrinsic part of this proposal. In order to achieve this we will educate through workshops, help supply materials and implement effective systems. The dynamics we will aim to target are: Localised food production Transport requirements Social interactions These are a varity of relervent initives that are currently in place that can be used as starting points to create this change.

Crop swap

A city wide initiative to hire bikes on a short term basis for the purpose of urban commuting. Bikes are stored at various locations and moved around in an attempt to have even distribution. The cost is relativity low compared to traditional transport and in such a congested city is often faster.

A social peer to pee their car when not hired by the day/ho

(Kickstartercom, 2017)

This is an App. Connects users and allows them to swap their excess fruit/veg that they have grown and harvested with each other. Fruit/ veg can either be swapped, sold or donated. This allows access to a large variety of local produce with out having to provide a variety of growing methods.

Mark Fowle

er car rental platform allowing people to rent out t in use. Combining a web network and app cars can be our.

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blablacar

(Blablacarcouk, 2017)

A ride sharing platform allowing people to advertise trips they will be taking and selling the spare seats in their car for the trip. Using a review system to give some peace of mind. This is an effective tool to reduce low occupancy vehicular travel.

Spare Room

(Spareroom, 2017)

A Web based service to connect people who have a room to rent or who need a room to rent. A system like this helps to reduce the number of single occupancy domiciles.

Levels of function

Multilevel urban infrastructure The densified multilayed urban core will require a multilevel public transport system as its Key form of transport. Cars will be usable on ground level in the urban core however they are restricted to one horizontal plane of movement with limited scope for level change without huge engineering works. Public transport will be the most efficient and cost effective form of movement across multiple levels.

Multi level

The existing road network within the foot print of the proposed development of Burybottom will be utilised, some roads will be pedestrianised while the remainder will have a split function with public transport. however public transport infrastructure will be the dominant consideration. Traditional car ownership will become an outdated concept with the preference being to rent/share a vehicle that suits you r requirements at the time. This will greatly reduce the need for stationary car infrastructure.

High level

Gondola Lift: Public transport across multip able to facilitate transport fr ground level to high level whil an efficient link to areas outsi urban core.

Pedestrian: Multi level connections betwee

Ground Level

Pedestrian Network: Small scale roads repurposed and non-motorised function.

Public transport: Mid size roads re purposed for traditional public transport n

Major Road network: Selected roads retained and ma facilitate the movement of peop

Mark Fowle

Multi level

ple levels, rom traditional lst providing ide of the

High level

en buildings.

for pedestrian

improved network.

aintained to ple and goods.

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Ground Level

Sky Tram

Multi level public transport network A Gondola lift network will be the backbone of the urban public transport network providing Public transport across multiple levels, able to facilitate transport from traditional ground level to high level whilst providing an efficient link to areas outside of the urban core whilst impacting the environment with minimal effect.

High Level Roof top Gondola access

Variable level building link Gondola access

Ground level Urban Gondola access

Ground level semi-wild/flexible region Gondola access

Mark Fowle

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Canopy level wild region Gondola access

Sky Walk

Sections and axonometric showing potential connection functions

Multi level pedestrian links Connecting the urban architecture at multiple elevations will create an efficient network of pedestrian routes in which a person may have no need to touch traditional ground level on their commute. This in turn creates the opportunity for these connections to become more than just pedestrian routes and take on other functions.

High level

Pedestrian connection between buildings at multiple levels providing multiple functions. Elevated connections containing shops and restaurants become a new form of high street.

Ground Level

Traditional ground level connections function as a means of utilising the existing infrastructure and as a connection to traditional transport methods.

Diagrammatic representation of the pedestrian connections between buildings

Axonometric showing potential spatial relationship of multi level pedestrian routes

Diagrammatic

Mark Fowle

Existing Roads

Diagrammatic example of a pedestrianised area

Shared function A portion of the existing roads will be re-engineered to prioritise pedestrian, cycle and public transport. Single carriage one way systems will be available for cars with limited parking in order to phase out there use.

Pedestrianised The remainder of the existing road network will be pedestrianised. Roads will be removed and large planted walkways will be created. These spaces will become a new form of parkland, spread out and in long sections this traditional ground level will be able to support a far larger array of green infrastructure with out the need for massive engineering works.

Diagrammatic example of a Shared transport area representation of the re envisioned road network

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The Urban River

Axonometric showing potential spatial relationship between the river and the urban environment

The wild fuluvial connection

T e e i i

The River Irwellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s passage through the urban core is a key component, surrounded by a combination of semi-wild and managed spaces it is a direct connection with the wild environment. Providing a connection for human interaction and a habitat for a range of species.

T c b p v

This river corridor through the urban core may become a route for wondering herds of deer in the early hours of the dawn. The view of this in turn could be enjoyed from an elevated connection between buildings overlooking the area.

Diagrammatic representation of the river Irwell through the urban hub

Diagrammatic sections of a narrowing between river and urban

Diagr

Mark Fowle

Green Infrastructure

Axonometric showing potential spatial relationship between wild and urban environment

The surrounding wild and semi wild environment will be allowed and encouraged to enter the urban environment in a partially managed way by creating infrastructure for the purpose of being wild.

These green areas will penetrate the urban core passing through, over and around buildings. Ensuring a network of spaces that provide habitat within the urban core. This is vital for nesting birds and small mammals.

rammatic representation of the wild environment penetrating into the urban hub

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Diagrammatic sections of an expansive between river and urban

Conceptual urban Images Urban Street scape

A conceptual perspective view Along an urban street. With a strong focus on pedestrian movement and public transport a scenic street scape is carved from what traditionally would be chaos during rush hour and almost abandoned outside of it. Traditional tarmac roads are limited to a single carriage way one way system. Green infrastructure is used to break up the potential urban island effect and provide period habitat and social spaces. Bio monitor stations merge with urban suds to form harmonious additions to the urban core.

“Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it’s the only thing that ever has.” Margaret Mead

Mark Fowle

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Conceptual urban Images

The wild Ribbon through the Urban Core

A conceptual perspective from the bank of the river as it begins its journey through the urban core. The wild river and landscape surrounding it penetrate the urban environment creating a place for wild and human ecologies to coexist.

Many individuals are doing what they can. But real success can only come if there is a change in our societies and in our economics and in our politics. David Attenborough

Mark Fowle

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Conceptual urban Images Elevated ground levels

A conceptual perspective from one of the elevated connections between buildings looking out over the wild expanse. The high altitude wind turbines can be seen over the far horizon.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;People can inhabit anything. And they can be miserable in anything and ecstatic in anything. More and more I think that architecture has nothing to do with it. Of course, thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s both liberating and alarming.â&#x20AC;? rem koolhaas

Mark Fowle

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Conceptual urban Images Touching the Irwell

A conceptual glimpse as urban meets river within close proximity at a more intimate section of river as it progresses through the urban core.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Just living is not enough... one must have sunshine, freedom, and a little flower.â&#x20AC;? Hans Christian Andersen

Mark Fowle

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Urban Precedents

School of the Arts Woha

Singapore

This is a prime example of layering ground levels. The school contains multiple levels of class rooms with a private ground level space on the 5th floor showing the evolution of the concept of ground floor.

Garden city mega city Woha

(Bingham-hall, 2016)

This book is a combination of insight and a database of projects undertaken by WOHA architects. As you can see from the two covers it is divided into two main sections. The first section covers the problems with the second following up with as a list of solutions. The majority of projects focus on increasing the potential â&#x20AC;&#x153;green plot ratioâ&#x20AC;? and manipulating the ground level as a means of tackling the urban condition for an ever increasing population. IT is relevant as a starting point for the efficient use ground levels and green plot rations in relation to building footprints. I have used this as a jumping off point to scale that thinking up to a city scale.

SkyVille @ Dawson Singapore Woha

A vertical residential complex with a link at every 11th floor creating social interactive spaces and changing the natural movement of people through the building. A good example of linking building at multiple levels and the function it can serve.

VERTICAL STACKED CITY Woha

SHENZHEN

A multi use micro city with a series of light creative spaces creates a functional and social space. With a core of vertical growing vines though out the building benefiting from ducted sunlight. Showing the potential of vertical surfaces to be used as growing platforms.

Mark Fowle

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Metrocable (MedellĂn) Colombia (Wikipediaorg, 2017)

Built as a complementary system to the existing public transport system it is the first gondola lift used entirely as a public transport system, carrying 30,000 people a day. Commute times have been cut down dramatically and previously inaccessible locations (due to terrain and a lack of profitability) have been connected into the large public transport system. This System is a great example of how a gondola lift can be used in an urban environment as a complement to a wider public transport network, facilitating transport to elevated ground levels that traditional methods would find inaccessible.

Mark Fowle

Region 1.1: Vegetation Element This sample is an insight into the detail of one facet of the proposed vegetation used to form a harmonious strategy for a hyper-dense, efficient urban core. The focus for this is to tackle the problem of air quality levels in an urban environment whilst integrating with an evolved understanding of the movement of water from precipitation when combined with multiple ground levels.

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bioindicators indicators

Visual Indicators of airborne pollutants Bryophytes Get the majority of their nutrients from the atmosphere, absorbing both Nutrients and pollutants. We can use this natural process combined with the knowledge of the effect of various pollutants on particular species as an accurate city wide bioindicator.

SO2

Sulphur dioxide

Sensitive

Bryoria, Parmeliopsis, Pseudevernia and Rinodina species

Highly Sensitive Ramalina, Usnea and Lobaria species

NO2 Nitrogen oxides

Sensitive

Racomitrium lanuginosum

Hig

Sph

For Clean air quality we would initially maintain sensitive species as indicators of extreme levels of air borne pollution that would also, through absorption, help to further clean the air allowing the introduction of highly sensitive species. These would then serve as the new bioindicator species.

Sensitive

(Apisacuk, 2017)

Species that are sensitive to some levels of air borne pollutants but also act as an indicator for high levels. Visual effects include discolouration to death of the plant. The lack of this species would indicate unacceptable levels.

Highly Sensitive Species that are highly sensitive to levels of pollutants in the air are only found in parts of the country with the cleanest air. As a result the presence of these species would be a great indicator of achieving a good level of so2 within the urban environment.

Mark Fowle

O3 Ozone

ghly Sensitive

hagnum Species

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Heavy Metals Tolerant Marchantia polymorpha, Solenostoma crenulata, Ceratodon purpureus and Funaria hygrometrica

Hg Mercury

Highly Sensitive Sphagnum Species and Scapania undulata

Monitoring Level 1: Visual indicators Certain species of Bryophytes will display visible changes at the presence of pollutants or heavy metals. By monitoring these changes we are able to measure changes in the environment. Visual changes include discolouration, impaired growth eventually leading to death.

Level 2: Sample testing Species that are tolerant to pollutants and heavy metals are great candidates to collect samples for laboratory testing to establish levels of pollution and heavy metals contain within the organism. This is a direct indicator of the external air quality.

biomonitors

Sample testing

Bryophytes concentrate heavy metals at a rate of 5-10 times that of vascular plants. Some Bryophytes are heavy metal tolerant and able to be used as a method of heavy metal and pollution sequestration. These species would be used for sampling and lab testing to ascertain levels of pollutants as the level of contaminants they hold is relative to the airborne levels in that area.

Bio sponge

Bryum argenteum, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranella heteromalla, Funaria hygrometrica, Leptobryum pyriforme, Lunularia cruciata, Marchantia polymorpha and Pohlia proligera are Highly successful species with a high reproductive capacity making them ideal for colonisation of urban environment

Biomonitor Stations Bio biomonitor stations are planted vertical surfaces populated with a variety of Bryophytes in order to conduct visual monitoring and laboratory testing to monitor the levels of airborne pollutants and heavy metals

biomonitor layout By creating a network at relatively even intervals we would be able to quickly identify and triangulate an area of concern

Mark Fowle

Orientated on shade aspect

ypothetical urban grid

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Air filtration across moss wall

Biomonitor stations at regular intervals

Water peculation through moss

Pinpointing location of high levels of pollutants

Bio biomonitor network

Sample testing

A network of biomonitor stations will function as a city wide monitor of air quality. These stations will act to monitor and actively reduce any potential containments.

Biomonitor stations

Green Roof water rete

Vertical moss covered surfaces within the urban core act as air filtration devices removing particulates and pollutants and monitor levels. Holding ponds at the bottom and top will ensure water is available to feed the bio monitor surface

Surplus water collected and p roofs to feed the bio biomonit

Air Pollution

http://www.manchester.gov.uk/downloads/download/4166/air_quality_reports

In the 2015 Air quality (ASR)report for the greater Manchester area 4 automatic sites out of the 16 exceeded the NO2 annual Mean objective. one of these sites was Bury Prestwich.

Greater Manchester Combined Authority Air Quality Objectives in England

Green Roof water rete https://livingroofs.org/storm-water-run-off/

Mark Fowle

ention

Hard surface Roof water retention

peculated down from green tor vertical surface

Hard surface roof tops will shed water to a holding pond Which is then percolated down to feed the biomonitor .

ention

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Periodic Rainfall http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcw2hzs1u

Annual rainfall of 867.1mm over 151.7 days

Roof water retention

Roof area (m2) x drainage area x filter efficiency x annual rainfall (mm) =

ROOF TOP HOLDING POND

REAL WORLD APPLICATION

PRECIPITATION

Rainwater harvesting

These biomonitor stations will be sustained by rainwater utilising a system of rainwater harvesting, retention ponds and pumps in order to ensure water is available for irrigation in times of drought. Water will be collected from roof tops and ground level. This system will often produce a surplus of water that is almost containment and particulate free due to the natural filtration process of the bryophytes. This surplus can be stored and used as, and in addition to, a grey water recycling system greatly reducing the urban cores mains water requirements.

RETURNED TO ROOFTOP FOR IRRIGATION

Roof top water collection

RELEASE surplus TO ENVIRONMENT WITH REDUCED ACID RAIN CONTAMINATION

RECYCLE

Holding Pond

It is not impossible to conceive of a scenario in which these urban retention ponds could we used as natural swimming ponds or “wild” Swimming locations.

Evapotr IRRIGATION

Rain water harvesting us addition to grey water harve reducing mains water requirem

Hard roof top Irrigation return

Water Recycling Pump/ underground holding tank

Bioswale/ holding pond

A building with no green roof will have a faster rate and quality of water shed/ collection from its surface. As such it would be able to comfortable sustain a bio monitor surface.

Ground water collection

Mark Fowle

Water peculation

Green Roof top

Roof top transfer

A building with a green roof by virtue of its own need of water for irrigation and the process of evapotranspriation combined with a reduced rate of water movement as it peculates through the growing medium and in turn the filtration and drainage layers will require a network of supporting green and nongreen roofs to supply an optimum water level.

GROUND LEVEL HOLDING POND Water peculation Holding Pond

ranspiration Irrigation return

sed in esting ments

Water Recycling

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Bioswale/ holding pond Ground water collection

Pump/ underground holding tank Pump/ underground holding tank

Modular Bryophyte panels Example configuration

The Bryophyte biomonitor station would consist of modular panels alternating between sensitive and tolerant to pollutants and heavy metals. This would allow easy visual identification of an issue from the sensitive species whilst the tolerant species remain to provided a material for sampling and laboratory testing to ascertain pollutant levels whilst retaining a level of air filtration. A modular system would also allow quick replacement of panels should the resident species of bryophyte be dead or require repair.

SO2

s r o icat

d n I o Bi

SO2

NO2

Mercu

Ozone

Nitrogen oxides

Sulphur dioxide

Sensitive

Sulphur dioxide

Highly Sensitive

Ni M

s r o onit

biom 66

Tolerant Tolerant species sampling will be used to triangulate and map trends and areas of effect. This can be sued as a screening tool to identify positions for traditional monitoring stations or as a stand alone system.

Mark Fowle

ury

NO2

itrogen oxides Moderate Level Visual indicator

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Bryophyte Matrix

Visual bio indicator Example panel Matrix

Ozone Moderate Level Visual indicator

SO2

Sulphur dioxide High Level Visual indicator

Mercury Moderate Level Visual indicator

SO2

Sulphur dioxide Moderate Level Visual indicator

50% Reduction in air filtration potential Multiple pollutant visual indicator

bioswale Holding pond

Erect marginal plants

Vegetation for water filtration

Bioswales will be used in conjunction with biomonitor stations for both holding ponds and as an effective method of slowing and filtering storm water. This process will help elevate flooding risk whilst cleaning surface water and with the added benefit of reducing the urban heat island effect.

Roof top water collection

Irrigation return

Butomus umbellatus

Typha angustifolia

Juncus s

Lycopus europaeus

Stachys palustris

Iris pseudac

Rumex hydrolapathum

Carex pendula

Holding Pond

Bioswale/ holding pond

Ground water collection

Water Recycling Pump/ underground holding tank

Eupatorium cannabinum

Lythrum salicaria

Mark Fowle

Low-growing marginal/aquatic

Alopecurus geniculatus

spp.

Persicaria amphibia

corus

Veronica beccabunga

Caltha palustris

Pulicaria dysenterica

Filipendula vulgaris

Glyceria spp

Myosotis scorpioides

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Mentha aquatica

Nasturtium officinale

biomonitor Precedents Elemental Atmospheric pollution assessment via moss-based measurements in Portland, Oregon

( gatziolis, demetrios et al, 2016)

This is a study in Portland commissioned by the U.S. Forest service to map air pollution using moss collected from urban trees. It shows that sampling in this way is a vastly cheaper and more actuate way to measure air pollution than existing methods. Current methods are to maintain a costly air monitoring station. Due to the low numbers of them the picture they give is far from complete. By mapping moss we are able to pinpoint pollution hotspots and get a much more complete picture of an area through the comparative low cost of sampling and testing the moss.

The European moss survey, ICP Vegetation

(Cehacuk, 2017)

Since 2000 ICP Vegetation coordinated by the centre for ecology & Hydrology in the UK have been mapping pollutants and heavy metals across Europe through moss samples. Dr Harry Harmens of the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bangor, who is the Chair of ICP Vegetation and a co-author on the paper, said, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Monitoring pollutants in rain or airborne particles requires frequent sampling and is expensive, so itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s only done at a limited number of sites across Europe. On the other hand, collecting mosses is relatively cheap, there are thousands of sampling sites across Europe, and scientists can get useful information by sampling them just every five years.â&#x20AC;?

Mark Fowle

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Aquadyne Green Facade (Econoplascouk, 2017)

Econoplas

The Aquadyne green facade is a product consisting off sedum planting with a recycled capillary substrate. Advertised as an effective rainwater discharge control and means to reduce carbon dioxide. This is an example of a concept similar in visual output that is already in the public realm.

Mark Fowle

Region 2: The Flexible expanse The Flexible Region is a space of requirement. Used for temporary function with the intent to be allowed to re-wild again. it is an ever changing landscape, shifting between urban function and wild reclamation. Used for temporary urban expansion whilst permanent infrastructure is constructed in the urban core.

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The adaptable Condition

A evolutionary battle between the Urban Core and the surrounding wilderness Transitional Zone between urban fabric and wilderness. Used as a space of requirement for temporary construction and farming then allowed to re-wild when no longer required.

Flexible Urban Growth Identified need for urban development/expansion

Urban Core

Interim use of flexible space for temporary urban expansion during construction of long term core infrastructure

Temporary construction allowed to re-wild

Mark Fowle

Managed Production and temporary biomass Flexible space used for bio mass production through managed biomass coppice. Harvested on a rotation followed by grazing stock from the second cycle onwards. Grazing stock reduces weed species whilst established coppice rootstock will be tolerant.

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Urban Core Harvesting

Year 5-6

Planted/Regrow

Year 1

Flexible productive Cycle

The Transitional Toolbox

A flexible space between urban and nature The collision of two environments, the urban and the wild, will form an ever evolving space filled with both wildlife and human function. Constructions will have restrictions on materials to be used and left on site. Functional spaces, once no longer required, will be allowed to naturalise , from temporary crop production to subsidise a community dietary requirements to large scale communal pleasure gardens. Concept perspective of flexible into urban region

Temporary construction

The evolving landscape

Temporary buildings constructed using natural materials, potential for harvesting of coppice for this. These buildings once not in use will provide a support frame work for rewilding. With the removal of internal infrastructure and cladding the support structure will be allowed to naturalise and rot down as the wild environment reclaims the temporary space.

1 Stagpeorary c Tem

cti u r t s on

and e d a degr h o t d 2 t e Stagmee allow ding grow Fra t re-wil r suppo

space d l i w 3 Statagbelishing Es

Mark Fowle

Managed biomass

The surrounding flexible space will feature a rotating biomass production when not used for temporary functions. Fast growing Coppice tree species with intermittent slower growing trees will be planted and allowed to established. These will be allowed to mature for 5-10 years, during this time live stock will be used to graze out weed species and fertilise the soil. The trees will be coppiced once surfactant size has been achieved or if not immediate required allowed to mature as a source of biosecurity. This material would also be a readily available source of building material for temporary constructions and heating fuel.

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Harvesting

Year 5-6 Grazing Land

Planted/Regrow

Year 1

Grazing cycle Biomass production cycle

Production Cycle

Biostore

Conceptual Flexible Image Natural Function

A conceptual glimpse of the temporary architecture using natural materials that will return to nature as part of the food web. Coppice willow is used to provide biofuel while mature trees are used as local construction materials.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;One touch of nature makes the whole world kin.â&#x20AC;? William Shakespeare

Mark Fowle

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Mark Fowle

Region 2.1: Natural reclamation AS a by product of integrating Ramsbottom With Bury we are abounding Ramsbottom to the wild and allowing it to be reclaimed. This will be a managed retreat and ensure a Suitable environment is provided for this semi-natural process to happen.

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Staggered retreat

The amalgamation of Bury and Ramsbottom The amalgamation of Ramsbottom into Bury will be a staged process, beginning at the outer edges Stage 1: This process starts by densifying all the fringe protrusions of Burys urban sprawl and layering them within the planned urban core. During this time Ramsbottom will also begin to be striped of useful or dangerous materials to allow a staged process of rewilding.

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Ramsbottom

Stage 2: Ramsbottom is continuing to be incorporated into the urban core and allowed to rewild. Some areas on the fringe of the core still being incorporated into Burrybottom. Stage 3: Ramsbottom will become completely devoid of permanent human inhabitance. BuryBottomâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Urban core will have a complete population of 95,000+.

Bury

Bury Bottom

Mark Fowle

Urban rewilding

Abandoned mill in Delph, Saddleworth

https://www.reddit.com/r/reclaimedbynature/

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Chernobyl

http://blog.flowersacrossmelbourne.com.au/nature/nature-vs-mankind/

Pripyat

http://stooks.weebly.com/pripyat_1.html

Rewilding the urban condition Urban Mining

As Ramsbottom is incorporated into Bury the remaining structures will be prepared in order to speed up the natural process of degradation. Initially hazardous and recyclable refined materials will be harvested and mined. This in its self will penetrate the surfaces speeding up degradation and allowing pioneer species to begin colonising. Following this surface coring will further reduce the structures surface and allow potential habitation sites for birds and mammals. The finial stage will be to plant selective species that may be slow growing in order to ensure a diversity of flora.

Urban mining

Striping out usable materials for recycling. Pre processed materials are often great resources of refined materials. This process will disturb surface integrity allowing opportunistic specieâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a foot hold.

Vertical Surface hole drilling

Drilling core holes in surfaces will speed up natural degradation by allowing natural process access to interior surfaces. Frost thaw, wind and rain will weather surfaces creating micro habitats for simple flora to establish. Core holes also allow opportunistic specieâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s nest sites and access.

Mark Fowle

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Horizontal surface hole drilling

Holes of A variety of size and depth will be used to puncture surfaces to allow fast establishment of pioneer species and allow water to perculate down and undermine hard surfaces, increasing degradation.

Planting

Selective planting to ensure establishment of slower growing native species to retain diversity

Conceptual Reclamation Image Nature returns

A conceptual glimpse into the heart of what once was Ramsbottom. As nature reclaims the town humans will be able to explore and witness the process.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Being in touch with the natural world is crucial.â&#x20AC;? David Attenborough

Mark Fowle

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Flexible Precedents FORMER OUSH GRAB

(Mohsen mostafavi , 30 Apr 2010)

BEIT SAHOUR, Bethlehem

A FORMER MILITARY BASE WITH A COMPLEX POLITICAL HISTORY NOW ABANDONED yet still controversial. CONSISTING OF MULTIPLE CONCRETE STRUCTURES and located in a prominent position in relation to bird migration routes. The intention was to accelerate and control the process of degradation by creating holes in the surface of both the building and the ground. This not only added the degradation but also acted as nesting locations for bird species. This is a key example of how rewilding Ramsbottom would be approached.

Fab Tree Hab Village

Mitchell Joachim, Javier Arbona, Lara Greden A grown home using natural materials designed to be almost entirely edible. Using a CNC cut scaffold to shape trees as they are grown. Although a slow process these could be grown in the flexible area in-case of need and if not needed allowed to “rewild” and act as carbon Biostore and decompose as part of a natural system.

A s M

A c n g f

Mark Fowle

Material Mosaic Triplex Dwellings

Mitchell Joachim

A Proposed mix of prefabricated construction and living surfaces asserting that nature and people are Mutually beneficial.

An example of short term flexible construction, comfortable yet once utilised can be easily striped of non-organic material. Leaving The frame would create a growing structure for pioneer species to use or habitat for opportunistic species.

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Mark Fowle

Region 3: The wild Domain The Wild region is partially a by-product of the surplus land previously used for the purpose of agriculture and partially as a massive Biostore rich in diversity.

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The Wild Condition

A social biosecure capital protected ecosystem utilised for power production This massive region will act as a living biocapital store. Insuring the protection and increase of diverse habitat for the benefit of: Biosecurity, Many beneficial chemical compounds are identified though the study of biota with an unlimited potential for future discoveries. Carbon storage, reducing CO2 in the air will help reduce the green house effect and retain a usable carbon store in close proximity. Air filtration, air born particulates will be carried on the wind and filtered through the wild tree canopy. Thermal regulation, The urban thermal mass will be regulated through the diffuse natural movement of wind currents

Commercial flight zone

High Altitude Wind turbines

Nintendo “Quit Screen” message

“Everything not saved will be lost”

0.2

0.4

Bird Flight zone

Wild generators

Particulate and thermal reduction

Air Flow

Urban Core

Wild region

Forest canopy habitat

Human interaction

Spatial relationships

Mark Fowle

Managing Tropic DynamicsHabitat typologies Tropic Level 5 Tropic Level 4

Tropic Level 3

Tropic Level 2 Tropic Level 1

Plants and algae make their own food and are called primary producers 0.6

Scale 1:15000 0.8 1 1.2

Jan 26, 2017 10:02 1.4

1.6

1.8

2 km

Projection: British National Grid

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Mark Fowler Manchester Metropolitan University

Herbivores eat plants and are called primary consumers

Carnivores that eat herbivores are called secondary consumers

Carnivores that eat other carnivores are called tertiary consumers

Apex predators that have no predators are at the top of the food chain

Connecting the urban to wild Social interaction

By connecting the populace of the urban core to the wild we insure that we do not alienate ourselves from the ecology of our surroundings. In order to protect and enjoy the wild environment we must also understand, monitor and interact. This will be achieved through the creation of: Citizen scientists, under the guidance of a group of professionals regular people will be able to take part in scientific research and monitoring. Through workshop groups and mobile app technology citizens will be able to help catalogue species type, diversity and movement with little training. Community Foraging, workshops and expeditions will be led to help train people in the identification of sustenance that the wild environment can supply, in addition to food production within the core. Novices can be trained to identify raspberry with relative ease and safety while a more experienced forager would be able to identify edible fungi. Community Stewardship, Citizens will be allocated parcels of wild or semi-wild land upon request. This land will have some restrictions in place to manage function, to prevent resale or permanent construction (in regards to the wild region). The management and monitoring of these lands would become the responsibility of the stewards, Much like allotments these parcels of land would benefit from a tapestry of management intensities.

Citizen scientists The buzz club

http://thebuzzclub.uk/

The Buzz Club is an initiative that brings together scientists and non-scientists, adults and children, working together to conserve and find out more about bees and other pollinators, Outcomes include generating important data to inform current conservation science, and help everyone learn more about whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s living in their own gardens and local wild habitats.

The Community Wildlife Plans Project http://www.newforestnpa.gov.uk/info/20095/habitats_and_wildlife/165/community_wildlife_plans

The Community Wildlife Plans Project uses local communities members to conserve wildlife in their local area through mapping and recording. Run by the New Forest Land Advice Service Wildlife surveying and habitat mapping workshops have engaged local community to find out about the wildlife on their doorstep, whilst learning new skills surveying their local green spaces,

Community foragin The Com

http://stories.renewingthe

Based at the proje collecto consumer will nour sustainab Patty We almost a to use my wanted t communit

htt

A fo c d e

There are many examples of smaller scale schemes of this kind. This proposal aims to combine the ideals these precedents have set out into a holistic community engagement scheme for the entire area.

Mark Fowle

ng mmunity Wild Foraging Project

ecountryside.org/2012/06/the-community-wild-foraging-project/

Northern Arizona University (NAU) in Flagstaff, ect has a stated mission: “to support regional ors, farmers, and foragers through a collectorr organization… to build enduring relationships that rish us with great-tasting, regionally collected, and bly harvested food.” est puts it in a more personal way: “Our project began as a dream in the winter of 2002. I realized I wanted y botany skills for more than esoteric research. I to be involved in something that would benefit our ty.”

The Eating: Wild Community Supported Initiative

Community Stewardship A Sand County Almanac, Aldo Leopold

Referring to environmental stewardship championed by Aldo Leopold (1887–1949) for the protection and responsible use of land.

Lewes Community Wildlife Project https://sussexwildlifetrust.org.uk/about-us

Run by the Sussex wild life trust who manage 30 nature reserves across Sussex. Whilst protecting wildlife and natural environments they aim to create opportunities for people of all ages to learn about nature and connect with it through events, publications and courses.

tps://gathervictoria.com/eating-wild-community-supported-foraging-initiative/

A proposed addition to the strategic plan for Victoria BC or the connection of wild foraging groups with local communities and to make wild foods a part of you revert days lives. Improving food security and accessibility through education and engagement.

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Community Land Management Inc.

http://www.communitylandmanagement.org.au/

An Australian registered environmental organisation helping community to preserve and manage their/our environment to secure it and its services for current and future generations.

The wild Toolbox

A flexible space between urban and nature The Re-wilding of the green belt and historical agricultural land will focus on a holistic strategy to restore and protect this next phase in the evolution of the local Ecosystem.

Forests establishment Through a combined targeted community planting schemes and allowing existing woodland areas to colonise a large scale forest will be created. This creation will help to reduce the effect of woodland island biogeography and provide essential habitat for large predators.

Ecosystem protection

Rather than focus on a particular species or habitat this proposal aims to establish a protected ecosystem across the rewilded green belt area. This will consist of a vast network of linked habitats utilising selected human exclusion zones.

Mark Fowle

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Utilising a blanket of High altitude wind turbines above the forest canopy will be the primary source of power for the urban core. This blanket of turbines will be at sufficient altitude so as not to interfere with bird migration or nesting patterns and low enough to not be a hindrance to commercial flight paths.

Power production

Wetlands Ramsbottom and surrounding areas upriver from the proposed urban core will be allowed to flood and develop into partial wetlands. This process will be a natural by-product of the increase in beaver activity and subsequent forest cover and tree dead fall creating natural dams. Through this creation of wetlands water management requirements will be alleviated down stream in the urban core.

The Role of the Predator

Forest tropic Pyramid diagram

A trickle down system for forest regrowth Woodland regrowth will be managed through a naturally inspired trickle down system. Direct intervention At the top layer of the food chain will create results in all Subsequent layers. This will allow a small point of entry with a wide reaching effect. This will form a 3 stage process; Stage 1 introducing primary carnivorous: As part of the rewilding of the surplus green belt wolves will be reintroduced into the now wild Area. Initially This will have a drastic effect on the deer population. A reduced deer population in turn will allow more trees to establish and existing woodland areas to expand as saplings will be able to mature with reduced risk of being grazed out. Stage 2 Finding the Balance: During this stage the numbers of deer will drop as the wolf population increases. However as the deer adapt to a new predator this will begin to Plateauout as scarcity of easy targets develops. This will result in a check in wolf numbers. The introduction of a primary carnivorous species into the eco system will go through some iterations of ebb and flow as it strives to form a new Equilibrium. Forest expansion will begin to slow down. During this process specialists and citizen scientists will monitor flora and fauna levels, movements and habitats. This data will allow us to monitor the effectiveness of the management processes, adapt to change and form an indicator to predict trends. If necessary, external population control measures can be implemented to keep numbers within an ideal range. Stage 3 the trickle effect: At this stage a relative equlilbrium will have formed between these three major tiers of the food pyramid. By monitoring and controlling the numbers at the top tier we can allow an increase or decrease in the subsequent tiers as a direct result.

Tropic Level 4

Tertiary consumers

Tropic Level 2

Primary consumers

Tropic Level 1

Primary producers

Mark Fowle

Current woodland Canopy cover

Homoeostasis

Primary producers

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Primary consumers Tertiary consumers

Forest Development

20-50 years

Forest extents

100 years

Conceptual Wild Images Urban Gondola

A conceptual perspective view from inside a gondola lift capsule as it travels through the urban core with Vast views over the semi wild river corridor

“Keep close to Nature’s heart... And break clear away, once in awhile, and climb a mountain or spend a week in the woods. Wash your spirit clean” John Muir

100

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101

The Wild environment

Tree top walk and observation area

Village in the trees

Select hubs within the rewilded region will contain an elevated village linked directly to the urban centre by the gondola lift and connected internally with tree top canopy walks. The purpose of these villages will be to sustain a host of recreational functions and connect people to the wild environment whilst retaining a suitable distance to reduce the direct impact they may have on it. This will enhance our appreciation and the quality and diversity of the wild environment to flourish.

Wild Function:

Tree top adventure Tree Top walk Monitoring platfor Canopy hotel/lodg Management access Canopy restaurant Viewing platforms

Albert Einstein

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Joy in loo

102

Mark Fowle

Wild Gondola lift

e (zip lines, trampoline)

rms ge s to the wild forest floor t

oking and comprehending is natureâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s most beautiful gift.â&#x20AC;?

Canopy level wild region Gondola access er Atelier 2B

103

Stage 2

The Wild TIME LINE

Selective planting of native and non-native species to establish a diverse woodland habitat.

Establishing accessible wild woodland

Stage 1

Part 1: Initial construction of gondola lift utilised as Means of labour transport to the work site from the urban core. Part 2: Construction of tree top canopy environment using locally available material and harvested surplus biomass from the flexible region.

Wild Gondola lift

104

Tree top walk and observation area

Mark Fowle

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Stage 3

Monitoring of woodland habitat to maintain diversity and to ensure canopy cover >30%. Plant health monitoring of high risk trees within the area of effect of the tree top canopy.

Woodland species Broadleaves

Ash Common alder Downy birch English oak False acacia Field maple Goat willow Grey alder Grey poplar Hawthorn Red alder Red oak Rowan Silver birch Swedish whitebeam Sycamore Turkey oak Whitebeam White poplar Wild cherry

Conifers Corsican pine European larch Japanese larch Scots pine

105

Conceptual Wild Images View from the tree tops

A conceptual perspective view from the tree top canopy walk. Three friends take in the majestic view of the wild expanse leading up to the urban core as the sun set behind it.

If the sight of the blue skies fills you with joy, if a blade of grass springing up in the fields has power to move you, if the simple things of nature have a message that you understand, rejoice, for your soul is alive. Eleonora Duse

106

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Wild Precedents

Cambrian Wild wood

The Cambrian Wild wood group (Cambrianwildwoodorg, 2017)

The Cambrian Woodland is 750 acres of degraded upland valley and moorland located in Whales intended to be rewilded. Aiming to restore habitats, return some lost species and create a space for humans to enjoy through trails and wild camping zones. The Group aims to provided habitats for many species including pine marten, red squirrel, and eventually wild boar and beaver.

Rewilding north America Dave Forman (Dave foreman, (30 Sept. 2004)

This extensive book really highlights the current situation we are in: the Sixth extinction crisis. Although some species do go extinct we have not experienced a level of species loss as high as this since the Jurassic period. The majority of these lost species can be traced back to a direct result of Homo sapiens activity on the planet through, the destruction of habitat, climate change, intensive farming, hunting, intensive fishing and logging. This book goes on to demonstrate how, by establishing protection zones, we can protect and begin to restore entire ecologies not just individual species and habitats. Going so far as to begin to reverse the effect of metropolitan dynamics, island biogeography and the importance of large carnivorous keystone species.

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The Cambrian wild wood group has plans to extend this through partnerships with landowners and land purchase.

Caledonian Forest Trees for Life (Treesforlifeorguk, 2017)

trees for life aim to restore the Caledonian forest. After fund raising trees for life purchased a 10,000 acre property Dundreggan estate in Glenn Moriston, previously overgrazed with a few existing trees. Hoping to restore red squirrels, capercaillie, beaver, wild boar, lynx and wolves. They currently use wild boar to help natural tree seed establishment through Rooting.

Mark Fowle

er Atelier 2B

Tamborine Rainforest Skywalk (Rainforestskywalkcomau, 2017)

Queensland,Australia

Marketed as an eco adventure the Tamborine rainforest skywalk is an exciting and low impact way to experience the Australian rainforest whilst limiting the impact of human visitors. This is A good example of how a wild environment can be maintained and protected whilst still being accessible and enjoyable to regular people. This can also be a revenue stream allowing profits to re-invested in to conservation and protection.

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Delivering This project

Implementation time line

This project will be delivered in a relatively small time line but will continue to develop and evolve as it matures. The urban hub, although constrained on a horizontal axis, is able to develop vertically and continue to improve efficiency as new technologies are developed. As the city matures so to will the surrounding wild landscape. density of woodland and habitat diversity will be a change seen across generations.

Ramsbottom

This Urban hub is intend to lead by example and act as a precedent for future planning.

“Once you have an innovation culture, even those who are not scientists or engineers - poets, actors, journalists - they, as communities, embrace the meaning of what it is to be scientifically literate. They embrace the concept of an innovation culture. They vote in ways that promote it. They don’t fight science and they don’t fight technology.” Neil deGrasse Tyson

Bury

0-5 years Extents absorbed into urban core Ramsbottom begins to be combined with Bury Re-wilding of Ramsbottom begins

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Mark Fowle

Bury Bottom

5-10 years

er Atelier 2B

10 year onwards

Burybottom defined and allowed to expand upwards Periodic use of Flexible region to facilitate growth

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Bibliography

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er Atelier 2B

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