Lighting Design and Sustainable Building Natasa Rajic 116943 Frederik Friederichs 117004 Prof. Gerich
Table of Contents Introduction
5
Earth Collector System
22
Mission
7
Natural Ventilation
23
Location
9-10
Climate
11
Vegetation Zone
24-25
Semitransparent Photovoltaic Glazing
26-27 28-29
Building Design
12-15
Photovoltaic-Thermal-Hybrid Glazing
Sunpath Diagram
16-17
Roof Constructions
30
Flyash Concrete
31
Stereographic Diagram Ligjt Calculation
18 19-21
Calculation
32-33
2/3
Introduction Month Chile holds huge resources of renewable energys. January February The country’s non-conventional energy portfolio March April consists of wind, geothermal, solar sources. The May background to Chile’s decision to more aggressivelyJune July promote renewables dates back to 2004. August September In that year primary energy consumption in October Chile comprised 39% oil, 19% natural gas, 18% November hydroelectric energy, 10% coal and 14% wood and December Average/Year
Temperature (high)
Temperature (low) 22 21,1 18,3 15,2 Wood and other 14,3 Sources 13,6 Coal 13,2 Oil 13,2 14,4 Hydroelectric 16 Energy 18,5 Natural 20,1 Gas 16,7
Percipitation (mm) 14 14 13 9,1 9,4 8,1 7 7,2 10,3 11,2 12 14,2 10,8
other sources. Based on a missing grid infrastructure leading to limited power supply as well as Chile’s Month Temperature (high) dependency on imported fossil fuels from their January 22 21,1 neighbour states resulting in periods of electricity February March 18,3 shortage new expertise on grid integration issues and April 15,2 14,3 a better use of renewable energy potential has beenMay June 13,6 part of the Chilean government focus. July 13,2 August 13,2 solar and photovoltaic In addition Chile’s power consumption will increase The advantage of using September 14,4 by 6-8% per year. According to that the Chilean an almost self October pannels in rural areas generating 16 18,5 proofen and was assisted government introduced a Renewable Energy Law inNovember sustaing house has been December 20,1 2008 stating the demand of 5% of renewable energy by the Chilean government and formed the state’s Month (low) electrical coverage in rural of non-conventional sources for the final costumer (by objectives Temperature to generate January 14 2024 already 10%). February areas, benefiting the 15% 14 of the population (about March First attempts in our selected location in the north 2.25 million people) who13live in them, and to use April 9,1 of Chile (Coquimbo) considering wind power startedMay the country’s enormous9,4solar potential to reduce June 8,1 electrical energy from in 2007 and were further developed in 2009 to a total dependence on imported July 7 poweroutput of 78.2MW. neighbouring states. 7,2 August September October November December Month January February March April May
10,3 11,2 12 14,2
1 2 2 12 32 48 50 30 15 2 2 1 197
“Indexes of radiation detected show that from region I to IV (the country’s north) radiation oscillates between 4200–4800 kcal/m2 per day, between the V and VIII area (centre) the value approaches 3400 kcal/ m2, while in the rest of the country it was shown to be 3000 kcal/m2. This means that there is a surface area of around 4000 square kilometres particularly suitable for the installation of photovoltaic solar panels and thermal collectors. To date, Chile has utilised solar thermal energy mostly in the northern region of the country where there is one of the highest solar radiation levels in the world, especially in the area of Arica, Parinacota, San Pedro de Atacama and Coquimbo, where it even exceeds the Sahara desert.” PV Milestone for Chile,by Mauro Nogarin, 7. April 2010
Percipitation (mm) 1 2 2 12 32
4/5
Mission
Regarding the information about solar power as a a sustainable feature with the best potential in Coquimbo we figured to concentrate our office buidling on following sustainable features: Earth Collector System, Solar Power as well as a buliding method offering a maximal use of daylight and natural ventilation. Due to the cool-desert climate and the geographic location of Coquimbo we decided to use local and recycleble materials. Furthermore we use a double glazing system with integrated shutters for efficent daylight use. Adding Photovoltaic-ThermalHybrid pannels to the facade structure guarantees a sustainable use of sun power. Taking the low humidity into account we’re using indoor gardening to keep an pleasant humidity level.
6/7
Location
Coquimbo is a port city in in the northern Chilean region which is directly situated at the South Pacific Ocean and located on the Pan-American Highway. Coquimbo lies in a valley 10km south of La Serena, with which it forms Greater La Serena that is located 462 km to the north of Santiago de Chile.
8/9
Location
Coquimbo, Chile Latitude: -29.96 (29°57’36”S) Longitude: -71.33 (71°19’48”W) Time zone: UTC-4 hours Country: Chile Continent: Americas Sub-region: South America Altitude: ~9 m
Climate
10/11
Building Design Floorplans
Groundfloor
1st Floor
2nd Floor
Building Design Sections
Cross Section
Longitudinal Section 12/13
Building Design Rendering
14/15
Sunpath Diagram Summer
09:00 A.M.
01:00 P.M.
06:00 P.M.
Sunpath Diagram Winter
09:00 A.M.
01:00 P.M.
06:00 P.M. 16/17
Stereographic Diagram
Light Calculation Daylight
18/19
Light Calculation Luminaire Selection
Delta Light, YOU-TURN REO Luminaire Description Mounting Details Lamp Colour Temperature Light Distribution Beam Angle Dimmable
- Spot - Ceiling Recessed - 6W - 430 lm - Warm White (3000K) - Symmetric - Yes
Delta Light, SUPERNOVA SR 454 DOWN-UP Luminaire Description - Direct / Indirect Mounting Details - Ceiling Suspended Lamp - (63 W) 28 W - 2400 lm Colour Temperature - Daylight White (6500K) Light Distribution - Symmetric Beam Angle - diffuse Dimmable - Yes
Delta Light, ENDLESS 50 Luminaire Description Mounting Details Lamp Colour Temperature Light Distribution Beam Angle Dimmable
- Direct - Ceiling Recessed - (30 W) 28 W - 2120 lm - Warm White (3000K) - Symmetric - diffuse - Yes
Light Calculation Artifical Light
20/21
Earth Collector System
Summer
Winter
13 ˚
22 ˚
16 ˚
16 ˚
Natural Ventilation
Summer
Winter
22/23
Vegetation Zone
Facing the problem of a low humidity level in our office building we applied a vegetation zone located in the groundfloor close to the reception area. This vegetation zone features sedge (Cyperus alternifolius) which is well known for it’s ability of air moistening. Cyperus alternifolius is capable of conceiving a lot of sunlight and needs water supply to initiate the biological process. Due to the integration of a vegetation zone we achieve a pleasant green atmosphere that keeps humidity in the office building stable. To operate the vegetation zone a separation from the concrete slab is necessary. In addition a rhizome barrier folio disconnects the concrete from the soil and prevents a merge of plant and concrete. Supplying the vegetation zone with an automatic watering system which gives sufficient water to the plant will keep the maintenance effort low.
24/25
Detail Facade single glazing - inner skin 4mm air gap_ventilation space 20cm double glazing 4+12+4mm + PV cells between single glazing - inner skin 4mm air gap_ventilation space 20cm double glazing 4+12+4mm
Semitransparent Photovoltaic Glazing The integration of photovoltaic modules into the building envelope is the most energy efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional infill panels. A solar non-ventilated faรงade with PV modules as infill panels is capable of meeting every requirement levelled at a faรงade as a space-enclosing unit: structural capabilities, thermal insulation and protection against the elements and noise. The semitransparent insulating glass modules offer excellent Ug values, allowing them to be used in place of conventional double glazing. They provide protection against heat, sun, glare and adverse weather whilst also permitting the targeted use of natural light. High solar yields are ensured thanks to large surface areas.
26/27
Photovoltaic-ThermalHybrid Glazing In a Photovoltic- Thermal – Hybrid Unit received radiation of heat and electric energy is extracted simultaneously. The preheated air stays in an enclosed system providing a sufficient temperature level in the winter season. The transport of air is established by an pump allowing the preheated air to circulate in the hole building environment. The natural circulation of air that occurs when the PV module is heated during the day can also be used in natural ventilation.
28/29
Roof Constructions Detail Roof Gras vegetation - grass soil 10cm filter mat drainage layer 5cm protection layer cement 3cm waterproofing - EPDM thermal insulation - polystyrene 10cm vapour barrier reinforced concrete slab 20cm
Detail Roof Gravel gravel 10cm waterproofing - EPDM cement 3cm waterproofing - EPDM thermal insulation - polystyrene 10cm vapour barrier reinforced concrete slab 20cm
Flyash Concrete
Derived from burning coal, fly ash is a valuable additive that makes concrete stronger, more durable and easier to work with. Fly Ash Concrete is an environment friendly cost saving building product. Fly ash Concrete is not affected by environmental conditions and remain static thus ensuring longer life of the building Class F fly ash, with particles covered in a kind of melted glass, greatly reduces the risk of expansion due to sulfate attack, as may occur in fertilized soils or near coastal areas. It is produced from Eastern coal.
Detail Floor terazzo 3cm waterproofing - EPDM thermal insulation - polystyrene 10cm vapour barrier reinforced concrete slab 30 cm gravel 10cm
Detail Wall in the Ground reinforced concrete wall 25cm vapour barrier thermal insulation - polystyrene 15cm waterproofing - EPDM earth 30/31
Floor Recessed Uplight LED (1st floor Terrasse)
35
1W
35 W
(12) 420 W
105000 W
16
100 W
1600 W
14400 W
3600000 W
1 1 16
400W 900 W 200 W
400 W 900 W 3200 W
400 W 900 W 28800 W
100000 W 225000 W 7200000 W
Persons
Calculation
Electronical Devices Refridgerator Coffee Maker Computer TOTAL Qi KW/a
12054 KWh/a
Measuring Area A(m2) Floor (connected to ground) Wall (connected to ground) Facade (PV units) Facade (clear) Roof (gravel) Roof (gras)
306 264,384 129,4298 216,4236 129,5 175
Calculation U-Values
Floor (connected to ground) Wall (connected to ground) Facade (PV units) Facade (clear) Roof (gravel) Roof (gras)
U Value
Calculation
0,243 W /m2K 0,1801 W /m2K 0,1174 W /m2K 0,1175 W /m2K 0,2534 W /m2K 0,2558 W /m2K
1/(0,04+0,02307+0,0173+3,3+0,42+0,1428+0,13) 1/(0,04+0,3571+5+0,023+0,13) 1/(0,04+0,00071+8,33+0,007+0,13) 1/(0,04+0,00071+8,33+0,013+0,13) 1/(0,04+0,142+0,017+3,3+0,285+0,13) 1/(0,04+0,066+0,071+0,0173+3,3+0,285+0,13)
A (m2)
U ( W/m2K)
DT (21-13)K
W result
306 264,384 129,4298 216,4236 129,5 175
0,243 0,1801 0,1174 0,1175 0,2534 0,2558
8 8 8 8 8 8
594,864 380,9244672 121,5604682 203,438184 262,5224 358,12
I. Quantity of heat transfer (Qt) Qt= U . A . D T
Floor (connected to ground) Wall (connected to ground) Facade (PV units) Facade (clear) Roof (gravel) Roof (gras) Qt Total Qt/a (180days * 24h)
KWh/Year
1921,429519
1,921 8298,72 KWh/a
II. Quantity of ventilation Qv= jair . V . Cair . (Tin - Tout)
Groundfloor 1st Floor 2nd Floor
exchange rate (h)
volume (m3)
C air (kJ/m3)
air (Ď•)
DT
Watt/Year
2 2 2
554,84 368,082 481,62
1 1 1
1 1 1
8 8 8
8877,44 5889,31 7705,92
QV Qv/a (8h * 250 days)
22472,67 44945,340 KWh/a
III. Quantity of solar gain Qs= 0.46 . g . I . Awindow A (m2)
g (W/m2K)
solar radiation int. (W)
reduction factor
KWh/Year
II. Quantity of ventilation Qv= jair . V . Cair . (Tin - Tout)
Groundfloor 1st Floor 2nd Floor
exchange rate (h)
volume (m3)
C air (kJ/m3)
air (Ď•)
DT
Watt/Year
2 2 2
554,84 368,082 481,62
1 1 1
1 1 1
8 8 8
8877,44 5889,31 7705,92
QV Qv/a (8h * 250 days)
22472,67 44945,340
III. Quantity of solar gain Qs= 0.46 . g . I . Awindow A (m2)
g (W/m2K)
solar radiation int. (W)
reduction factor
KWh/Year
North Clear Glas Glas with PV Units
114,44 30,85
0,5 0,24
400 400
0,46 0,46
10528,48 1362,33
West Clear Glas Glas with PV Units
61,4 16,55
0,5 0,24
275 275
0,46 0,46
3883,55 502,45
East Clear Glas Glas with PV Units
44,47 11,99
0,5 0,24
275 275
0,46 0,46
2812,72 364,01
Qs Qs/a (Sunhours=4561 h)
19453,54 87540,93 KWh/a
IV. Internal Gain Qi = H + D Unit
Gain (Watts/Unit)
Total Watt
Watt/Day
KWh/Year (250 days)
6W 56 W 6W 117 W 1W 35 W 6W 1W
672 W 1512 W 108 W 1404 W 36 W 140 W 24 W 35 W
(4) 2688 W (4) 6048 W (8) 864 W (4) 5616 W (8) 288 W (4) 560 W (8) 192 W (12) 420 W
672000 W 1512000 W 216000 W 1404000 W 72000 W 140000 W 48000 W 105000 W
16 100 W
1600 W
14400 W
3600000 W
1 400W 1 900 W 16 200 W
400 W 900 W 3200 W
400 W 900 W 28800 W
100000 W 225000 W 7200000 W
Lighting Fixtures Ceiling Recessed Downlight direct LED Ceiling Recessed Downlight direct diffuse FL Table Luminaire Tasklight LED Ceiling Suspended direct / indirect FL Wall Recessed light LED (Staircase) Ceiling Mounted Downlight direct HIT (Vegetation Zone) Floor Recessed Uplight LED (Vegetation Zone) Floor Recessed Uplight LED (1st floor Terrasse)
112 27 18 12 36 4 4 35
Persons Electronical Devices Refridgerator Coffee Maker Computer TOTAL Qi KW/a
12054 KWh/a
QT= (Qs+Qi)-(Qt+Qv)
QT(KW/a)= (87540,93+12054)-(8298,72 +44945,34)
QT= 46350,87 KWh/a
a= 476 m2
KWh/m2a=97,37
Photovoltaic-Electrical-Gain
Facade (PV units)
A: 129,4298 m2
Gain: 100 (W/m2)
Operating: 4500 h/a
Total Gain: 58239 KWh/a
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