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1 Administration for Children’s Services. (n.d.). National youth in transition database report to Congress. US Department of Health and Human Services.

2 Ahrens, K. R., Garrison, M. M., & Courtney, M. E. (2014). Health outcomes in young adults from foster care and economically diverse backgrounds. Pediatrics, 134(6), 1067-1074.

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14 Courtney, M. E., & Okpych, N. J. (2017). Memo from CalYOUTH: Early findings on the relationship between extended foster care and youths’ outcomes at age 19. Chicago, IL: Chapin Hall at the University of Chicago. http://www.chapinhall.org/sites/default/files/CY_EF_IB0317.pdf

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21 Greiner, M. V., Beal, S. J., Allen, A., Patel, V., Meinzen-Derr, J., & Matheny Antommaria, A. H. (2018). Who speaks for me? Addressing variability in informed consent practices for minimal risk research involving foster youth. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 11(4), 111-131.

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25 Harder, A. T., Mann-Feder, V., Oterholm, I., & Refaeli, T. (2020). Supporting transitions to adulthood for youth leaving care: Consensus based principles. Children and Youth Services Review, 116, 105260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105260

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29 Jones, L. P. (2014). Former foster youth’s perspectives on independent living preparation six months after discharge. Child Welfare, 93(1), 99-126.

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34 Lemon, K., Hines, A. M., & Merdinger, J. (2005). From foster care to young adulthood: The role of independent living programs in supporting successful transitions. Children and Youth Services Review, 27, 251–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2004.09.005

35 Okpych, N. J. (2015). Receipt of independent living services among older youth in foster care: An analysis of national data from the US. Children and Youth Services Review, 51, 74-86.

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37 Piccolo, A. M. (2022). The lived experiences of Black Male Foster Youth (BMFY) aged out of foster care: a phenomenological case study (Doctoral dissertation).

38 Reilly, T. (2003). Youth who age out of foster care. Child Welfare, 82(6), 727-746

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40 Scannapieco, M., Smith, M., & Blakeney-Strong, A. (2015). Transition from foster care to independent living: Ecological predictors associated with outcomes. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 33(4), 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10560- 013-0315-3.

41 Shdaimah, C., Summers, A., & Park, E. (2021). Using Emancipation Checklists with Youths Aging Out of Foster Care: An Example from Prince George’s County. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 72(2), 59–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfcj.12199

42 Stein, M. (2019). Supporting young people from care to adulthood: International practice. Child & Family Social Work, 24(3), 400–405. https://doi. org/10.1111/cfs.12473

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44 Watt, T., & Kim, S. (2019). Race/ethnicity and foster youth outcomes: An examination of disproportionality using the national youth in transition database. Children and Youth Services Review, 102, 251-258.

45 Woodgate, R. L., Morakinyo, O., & Martin, K. M. (2017). Interventions for youth aging out of care: A scoping review. Children and Youth Services Review, 82, 280–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.09.031

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47 Zlotnick, C., Tam, T. W., & Soman, L. A. (2012). Life course outcomes on mental and physical health: the impact of foster care on adulthood. American Journal of Public Health, 102(3), 534-540.

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