REVIEW :
Is s ue # 7 - Nove m be r 2007
ful lcircl e
W UBI INSTALL
INTERVIEW :
H O W ARD CO UNTY LIBRARY
H OW TO :
TH E IND E PE ND E NT M AGAZ INE FO R TH E UBUNTU CO M M UNITY
CO NVERT FRO M W IND O W S LEARNING SCRIBUS PART 7 SIM PLY INSTALLSSH
UBUNTU STUDIO
INSTALL:
UBUNTU 7.10 W ITH M ULTIM EDIA
W U BI!
LIS TE N U P!
NE W S ON TH E FOR TH COM ING FU LLCIR CLE POD CAS T!
UBUNTU STUD IO : STEP-BY-STEP INSTALLO F TH E M ULTIM ED IA SPECIFIC ED ITIO N O F UBUNTU!
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TH E W IND OW S U BU NTU INS TALLE R
ful l circl e m agazine is not affil iate d w ith or e ndors e d by CanonicalLtd.
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Ubuntu Studio
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Sim pl y Ins tal lSSH Te rm inalO n Your D e s k top Conve rt From W indow s Le arning Scribus - Part 7
p.08 p.10 p.11 p.13
- W ubi Ins tal l er
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- Favorite Em ailCl ie nt
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H ow ard County Library
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- W indow s to Ubuntu p.21
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p.24 p.25 p.27 p.28 - Audio/Vide o
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Al lte xt and im age s containe d in th is m agazine are re l e as e d unde r th e Cre ative Com m ons Attribution-BySh are Al ik e 3.0 Unporte d l ice ns e . Th is m e ans you can adapt, copy, dis tribute and trans m it th e articl e s but onl y unde r th e fol l ow ing conditions : You m us t attribute th e w ork to th e originalauth or in s om e w ay (at l e as t a nam e , e m ailor url ) and to th is m agazine by nam e (ful lcircl e ) and th e urlw w w .ful l circl e m agazine .org (but not attribute th e articl e (s ) in any w ay th at s ugge s ts th at th e y e ndors e you or your us e of th e w ork ). And If you al te r, trans form , or buil d upon th is w ork , you m us t dis tribute th e re s ul ting w ork unde r th e s am e , s im il ar or a com patibl e l ice ns e .
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ED ITO RIA L
W
el com e to th e Nove m be r is s ue of ne w th ings for you th is m onth .
. W e 've got a fe w
Th is m agazine w as cre ate d us ing :
Ne xt m onth w e w il lbe l aunch ing th e h os te d by . M att h as ans w e re d th e m os t com m on q ue s tions about th e podcas t on page 22. If you w ant to be k e pt inform e d of al lth ings (podcas t incl ude d) th e n I w oul d re com m e nd you k e e p an e ye on our (s e e page 16 for th e l ink and URL). O n th e re w il lbe m e e ting date s , de adl ine s , podcas t re l e as e info and m ore . Spe ak ing of th e podcas t, M att h as al s o w ritte n us s om e ne w s and al s o th e ne w col um n w h ich w il lgive you a tas te of w h at m ay w e l lbe in th e ne xt podcas t. Th e podcas t is th e re to com pl e m e nt th e m agazine and w il lh ave diffe re nt conte nt. I don't de cide w h at w il l be in th e podcas t, M att doe s . Ne xt m onth is , of cours e , Ch ris tm as m onth and th at re m inds m e , if you'l le xcus e m e , I m us t go and buy s om e Ch ris tm as de corations for ne xt m onth 's is s ue ...
Editor, Ful lCircl e M agazine ronnie @ ful l circl e m agazine .org
Ubuntu is a com pl e te ope rating s ys te m th at is pe rfe ct for l aptops , de s k tops and s e rve rs . W h e th e r at h om e , s ch oolor at w ork Ubuntu contains al lth e appl ications you'l l e ve r ne e d incl uding w ord proce s s ing, e m ailappl ication and w e b brow s e r. You do not pay any l ice ns ing fe e s . You can dow nl oad, us e and s h are Ubuntu w ith your frie nds , fam il y, s ch oolor bus ine s s for abs ol ute l y noth ing. O nce ins tal l e d, your s ys te m is re adyto-us e w ith a ful ls e t of productivity, inte rne t, draw ing and graph ics appl ications , and gam e s .
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NEW S Ubuntu Score s Firs t M ajor Pre ins tal l e d Se rve r W in
Fe e lfre e to e m ailne w s s torie s to: ne w s @ ful l circl e m agazine .org Pl e as e incl ude a s ource URL.
Vis ta W orrie s Caus e Bus ine s s e s to Cons ide r M acs and Linux
Earl y ne xt ye ar, De l lis e xpe cte d to announce th at Ubuntu Se rve r w il lbe ce rtifie d on D e l l s e rve r l ine s . Ubuntu is e xtre m e l y popul ar on th e de s k top, but it's m ade com parative l yl ittl e progre s s on s e rve rs . Th at's about to ch ange . D e l lis e xpe cte d to announce in th e firs t q uarte r of 2008 th at it h as ce rtifie d Ubuntu Linux for its s e rve r l ine s . In an inte rvie w w ith Rick Be ck e r, D e l l Product Group's vice pre s ide nt of s ol utions , Be ck e r s aid th at D e l lis curre ntl y in th e proce s s of ce rtifying Ubuntu for al lits s e rve r l ine s . "But w e are s til ls e ve ralm onth s aw ay from announcing a ce rtification. I'd s ay it'l lbe announce d in Q1 ne xt ye ar."
A re ce nt s urve y s h ow s th at 44 pe rce nt of bus ine s s e s are cons ide ring M ac O S and Linux rath e r th an s w itch ing to Vis ta. KACE, a s ys te m s m anage m e nt appl iance com pany, announce d on Nov. 19 th at its ne w s urve y re ve al e d th at 9 0 pe rce nt of th e W indow s us e rs are conce rne d about m igrating to Vis ta, and th at 44 pe rce nt w oul d cons ide r de pl oying M acs or Linux-bas e d s ys te m s to avoid Vis ta m igration. W h il e M icros oft cl aim s th at Vis ta de pl oym e nts are incre as ing, anal ys ts , s uch as Forre s te r, obs e rve th at bus ine s s Vis ta adoption h as be e n going e xtre m e l y sl ow l y and th at Linux is be com ing a s e rious conte nde r for th e e nte rpris e de s k top. eWeek h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/9 87a9 d
eWeek h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/03e 7df
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H ans Re is e r, th e ow ne r of Nam e s ys , w h ich offe rs fil e s ys te m s for Linux, is on trialfor m urde r ch arge s re l ate d to h is w ife 's dis appe arance l as t ye ar. Re is e r de ve l ope d Re is e rFS, th e de faul t fil e s ys te m on m any Linux dis tributions . Fre e s oftw are advocate s h ol d Re is e r's w ork on th e program in h igh re gard. Re is e r m arrie d a Rus s ian w om an w h o adve rtis e d in a m ail -orde r bride catal ogue . Th e w om an, Nina Re is e r, h ad tw o ch il dre n w ith th e de ve l ope r, obtaine d citize ns h ip, and fil e d for divorce . Nina Re is e r w as l as t s e e n dropping off h e r ch il dre n at H ans Re is e r's m oth e r's h om e , w h e re th e de ve l ope r w as l iving, in Se pte m be r 2006. Pol ice found h e r car, ful lof groce rie s , in a groce ry s tore park ing l ot not l ong be fore th e coupl e w as s ch e dul e d to appe ar in court for a ch il d s upport dis pute . Pol ice ne ve r found a body. H ans Re is e r's attorne y argue d in court th at Nina fl e d to Rus s ia and is in h iding, pos s ibl y be caus e h e r e s tate s tands to be ne fit financial l y from a m urde r conviction. Nina's divorce l aw ye r s aid th at H ans Re is e r's com pany, Nam e s ys , h as no val ue . Inform ation W e e k h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/74a52b
NEW S is a ne w dis tribution bas e d on Ubuntu 7.10 w h ich is be ing s h ippe d w ith ne w l ow -cos t W al m art PCs , and a s pe cial m oth e rboard for de ve l ope rs , both be ing USD 19 9 and USD 59 re s pe ctive l y. Th e s oftw are re vol ve s around Googl e Apps - you coul d cal lit a W e b 2.0 dis tro. Th e y h ave re l e as e d ve rs ion 1.0 (InitialG) as an al ph a for th os e w h o w is h to te s t it. Th e 728M B ISO can be dow nl oade d from a torre nt w h ich you can find at th e ir w e bs ite . "W e 're cre ating an O S e cos ys te m th at is com pl e te . W e com e w ith al lth e s oftw are you ne e d to brow s e th e w e b, e m ail , ins tant m e s s age ... pl ay m ovie s , m us ic, and conne ct to iPods ... cre ate and e dit docum e nts , s pre ads h e e ts , pre s e ntations , databas e s , im age s ... out of th e box. Pl ug and pl ay!" h ttp://w w w .th ink gos .com
In th e "D is trow atch W e e k l y Ne w s l e tte r" Is s ue 227, Sus an Linton doe s a re vie w of th e l ate s t re l e as e of (s e e th is is s ue 's for a s te p-by-s te p ins tal lof Ubuntu Studio), a dis tro aim e d at
Brough t to you by th e , pil ot e pis ode com ing m id足 D e ce m be r. If you h ave any ide as for th e podcas t or w oul dl ik e to tak e part th e n pl e as e e m ailth e h os t, M atth e w Ros s i, at: podcas t@ ful l circl e m agazine .org m ul tim e dia us e rs . Sh e s ays :
Th e h as re l e as e d a s cre e ncas t on h ow to ins tal lXubuntu onto your com pute r. It goe s ove r dow nl oading th e im age , burning th e im age , ins tal l ing Xubuntu, th e incl ude d program s , cus tom izing your de s k top, and s om e bas ic te rm inal com m ands . If you are inte re s te d, th e n pl e as e ch e ck it out at h ttp://s cre e ncas ts .ubuntu.com /Ins tal l in g_Xubuntu
. You can re ad th e ful lre vie w at h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/cbc9 89 .
h as be e n re l e as e d. M yth buntu is a variant of Ubuntu, w h ich , as th e nam e s ugge s ts , acts as a front-e nd for th e popul ar M yth TVm e dia ce ntre s oftw are . If not in M yth TV, M yth buntu runs th e XFCE4 de s k top w ith al lof th e re gul ar program s th at you'd e xpe ct out of Ubuntu.
h ttp://w w w .m yth buntu.org
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Ke l l y Rus h h as w ritte n an e xce l l e nt articl e , w ith h is ins igh t into Ubuntu and h is appl ication of it at h om e .
h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/359 e fc
FLAVO R O FTH E M O NTH
W ritte n by Robe rt Cl ips h am
In th is m onth 's fl avour of th e m onth w e 'l ls h ow you h ow to ins tal lUbuntu Studio – a fl avor of Ubuntu de dicate d to m ul tim e dia cre ation. Th is fl avor incl ude s al lth e be s t ope n s ource m ul tim e dia s oftw are for al lyour ne e ds , from s im pl e im age e diting to vide o cre ation, s o you can m ak e th e m os t of your Ubuntu PC.
U
Th e firs t s te p once you've ch os e n 'Ins tal l in te xt m ode ' is to ch oos e your pre fe rre d l anguage , fol l ow e d by your country in th e ne xt s te p. You w il lth e n ge t th e de faul t al te rnate ins tal lk e yboard de te ctor. Se l e ct ye s (th e de faul t option), th e n pre s s th e k e ys it s ays if you h ave th e m .
buntu Studio us e s th e al te rnate ins tal lm e th od, s o unfortunate l y you can't us e it as a Live CD . If you don't h ave e xpe rie nce in us ing a te xtualus e r inte rface , th e re is a guide to th e k e ys you'l lne e d at th e bottom of e ach s te p, s o if you ge t s tuck , jus t l ook dow n! Bas ical l y you us e th e arrow k e ys to s e l e ct an option, th e n pre s s e nte r to s e l e ct it.
Afte r k e yboard de te ction, th e firs t of th e h ardw are
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de te ction s cre e ns appe ars . Th is de te cts your h ardw are s o it can ins tal lth e corre ct drive rs for your s ys te m . Th e re w il lbe s e ve ralof th e s e th rough out th e ins tal l , s o don't w orry if I don't point th e m out. In th e ne xt s te p you m us t ch oos e a h os tnam e for your s ys te m . Th is s h oul d be s om e th ing to e as il y ide ntify your PC on a ne tw ork , e .g. 'fam il y-de s k top'. If you don't h ave a h om e ne tw ork it doe s n't m atte r, jus t e nte r a fun nam e of your ch oice . Th e ne xt s te p is to partition your h ard drive .
Th is can be done in th e us ualw ay, and if you are n't s ure , you can cance lth e ins tal l ation and as k s om e one . Th e option you ch oos e h e re varie s de pe nding on your circum s tance s , s o go for th e one th at l ook s righ t. As al w ays , I m us t s tre s s th e im portance of back ing up im portant data be fore going pas t th is s te p! W h e n you ge t to th e e nd of th e partitioning s e ction of th e ins tal lit w il ldis pl ay a s um m ary of al lyour partitioning options , s o you'l lbe abl e to ch e ck if anyth ing l ook s w rong. Continuing th e ins tal l ation, you'l lbe as k e d w h e th e r th e s ys te m tim e is s e t to UTC. If you are uns ure , jus t go for th e de faul t of ye s , and if it turns out to be w rong you can ch ange it l ate r. O nce you've de cide d, you can m ove onto us e r s e tup.
In th e us e r s e tup you w il l ne e d to e nte r your re alnam e , a us e rnam e and th e us e r's pas s w ord. Th is us e r w il lbe th e s ys te m adm inis trator, and h ave ful lacce s s to th e s ys te m , s o ch oos e a s e cure pas s w ord. Th e ins tal l er w il lnow ins tal l th e bas e Ubuntu s ys te m w ith your s e ttings . O nce th e bas e s ys te m is ins tal l e d, you w il lbe as k e d about additional pack age s to ins tal l . Us e th e s pace bar to s e l e ct m ul tipl e ite m s , th e n continue . M ak e s ure you ins tal lth e 'Ubuntu Studio D e s k top' option – if you don't do th is th e n you w il lnot ge t a graph icalus e r inte rface w h e n you re s tart afte r th e ins tal l ! Th e ins tal l e r w il lnow final ize th e ins tal l ation, th e n prom pt you to
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re s tart.
O nce you h ave re s tarte d you w il lge t th e Ubuntu Studio l ogin s cre e n, w h e re you can e nte r your us e rnam e and pas s w ord. Now you can s tart cre ating!
SIM PLE SSH INSTA LLATIO N
H O W - TO
W ritte n by Rob Ke rfia
SSH (Se cure Sh e l l ) is a protocolth at is us e d to re m ote l y conne ct to anoth e r com pute r running an SSH s e rve r. Th e s tandard inte rface is a s im pl e com m and l ine , al th ough you can al s o run graph ical(X11) appl ications on a Linux or BSD s e rve r. Be l ow , w e w il lcove r s e tting up a cl ie nt, s e rve r, and conne cting th e tw o.
Se tting up a s e rve r
3 Re pe at th e above s te p for th e pack age "inadyn". (Th is w il lcom e in h andy l ate r.)
1 Launch Synaptic (or Ade pt if you us e Kubuntu) Sys te m > Adm inis tration > Synaptic Pack age M anage r and e nte r your pas s w ord.
4 W h e n as k e d "Appl y th e fol l ow ing ch ange s ?", cl ick Appl y. 2 Se arch for th e "ope ns s h s e rve r"pack age and cl ick on th e e m pty ch e ck box. Ch oos e "M ark for Ins tal l ation"from th e m e nu.
5 Th e pack age s h oul d ins tal l . Cl ick "Cl os e "and q uit Synaptic. Now you h ave a s e rve r ins tal l e d!
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You m igh t be w onde ring w h at you can do w ith it. W e l l , you can do a l ot of th ings - from re m ote fil e trans fe rs to running appl ications on your com pute r from anoth e r one . Be fore you can do th at, th ough , th e re are a fe w m ore s te ps . Firs t, you h ave to k now h ow to conne ct to your com pute r re m ote l y. Firs t l e t's s e t up a dynam ic D NS account s o you can acce s s your com pute r via an e as y to re m e m be r s ubdom ain, not a l e ngth y IP addre s s . 1. Go to w w w .dyndns .com and cl ick "Cre ate Account" unde rne ath th e l ogin box at th e top of th e page . 2. Ch oos e a us e rnam e , pas s w ord, and al lth e re s t of th at nice s tuff.
0 * * * * inadyn -u your_username -p your_password -a name.you.registered > /dev/null al lon one l ine . I can't s tre s s th is e nough - don't de l e te or ch ange anyth ing e l se . 3. Confirm your account w ith th e e m ailth e y s e nt you and l og in. 4. Cl ick th e "M y Se rvice s "l ink and ch oos e "Add Ne w H os tnam e " on th e ne w page th at com e s up. 5. Ch oos e a h os tnam e , s ubdom ain, and cl ick th e autode te cte d re m ote IP l ink unde rne ath th e "IP Addre s s "fie l d. Cl ick "Cre ate Ne w H os t". 6. Ne xt, go to your te rm inal and type : gksudo gedit /etc/crontab pre s s Ente r and th e n type in your pas s w ord. 7. Type in
8. Save and q uit. 9 . You s h oul d be abl e to acce s s your com pute r via th e dom ain you re gis te re d in about an h our. To conne ct to your com pute r, s im pl y type in: ssh [username]@[registered.subdomai n] from a te rm inal . Th e firs t tim e you conne ct from a particul ar m ach ine , you m igh t ge t a m e s s age s aying "Th e auth e nticity of h os t [s ubdom ain](IP addre s s ) can't be e s tabl is h e d."You can s afe l y ignore th is - type "ye s ."Ne xt, you s h oul d be prom pte d for a pas s w ord. If you e nte r th at corre ctl y, you s h oul d be at a com m and l ine prom pt - on your com pute r!
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Som e ne at trick s you can us e w ith SSH :
Type : ssh -X username@subdomain at a te rm inal . Ente r your pas s w ord l ik e norm al . Now , type in th e nam e of a graph ical appl ication at th e com m and prom pt (l ik e "nautil us "or "th unar"). It s h oul d s h ow up on th e com pute r you're at, e xce pt it's running on your com pute r.
Type : scp username@subdomain:/path/to/ file username_for_comp_you're_at@ localhost:~/ and th is w il lcopy th e fil e into your h om e fol de r.
G ET A TERM INA LO N YO UR D ESK TO P
H O W - TO
W ritte n by D im itar Boich e v
Th is inte re s ting cus tom ization w il lal l ow your de s k top to be com e a ful l y functionalte rm inal . Th e obje ctive is to h ave a gnom e te rm inal running righ t above th e actualback ground im age th at w on't be dis pl aye d by th e s tatus bar or tick e r.
D
Cre ate a configuration fil e nam e d D e s k topCons ol e .ds (again, in a te rm inal ):
• You s h oul d at l e as t adjus t th e ge om e try l ine s to m atch your s cre e n.
nano ~/.devilspie/DesktopConsole.ds
• Re ad th e de vil s pie w ik i, for oth e r com m ands !
Input th e fol l ow ing into th e fil e (pre s s Ctrl + X to s ave and e xit):
Cre ate a ne w gnom e -te rm inal profil e nam e d "D e s k topCons ol e" by doing th e fol l ow ing: • in th e "Ge ne ral "tab, untick "s h ow m e nubar by de faul t..."
ow nl oad and ins tal lth e de vil s pie pack age . In a te rm inaltype :
• in th e "Scrol l ing"tab, s e l e ct "Scrol l bar is "> D is abl e d.
sudo apt-get install devilspie M ak e a fol de r for de vil s pie in your h om e fol de r by typing: mkdir ~/.devilspie in a te rm inal .
• in th e "Effe cts "tab, s e t "Trans pare nt back ground"and s h ade to "None "(or to w h ate ve r you pre fe r)
Note s : • I us e w ork s pace 4 but you can us e w h ate ve r you l ik e .
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Add de vil s pie and gnom e te rm inalto th e Startup Program s in your s e s s ion:
in Sys te m > Pre fe re nce s > Se s s ions , "Startup Program s "tab, add th e 2 program s :
H O W - TO
W ritte n by Todd M il l e cam
devilspie and: gnome-terminal --window-withprofile=DesktopConsole Log out, th e n l og in. Ch e ck to s e e th at de vil s pie is running be fore th e gnom e te rm inalcom m and.
CO NVERT FRO M W IND O W S
I coul d give you a ful land com pl e te guide to doing s o— but it w oul d be a nove l e tte , and not ve ry practicalfor th e ne w us e r. Th e be s t th ing to h ave w h e n conve rting is a good attitude and a w il l ingne s s to l e arn. Th is is a bare -bone s guide — for a m ore com pl e te one , s e arch th e forum s .
T
h e firs t th ing you w il lne e d to k now is h ow to ge t th e s oftw are you w ant on your com pute r. Be l ie ve it or not, it's e as ie r to do th is in Ubuntu th an it w as in W indow s . Sim pl y cl ick Add/Re m ove in th e Appl ications m e nu, and th e n s e arch for th e k ind of program you're l ook ing for. Cl ick th e ch e ck box ne xt to th e program , cl ick "O K", and you s h oul d be good to go. If you can't find a program in add/re m ove , try adding a re pos itory w h ich h as it (a re pos itory is an onl ine databas e of s oftw are — Add/Re m ove ge ne rate s its l is t from th e re pos itorie s ) Se cond — de al ing w ith appl ication h angs and fre e zing. In W indow s th e re w as Ctrl -Al t-D e l e te for al lyour
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fre e zing ne e ds . In Ubuntu, you h ave a bit m ore avail abl e to you. You can re s tart your s e s s ion by pre s s ing Ctrl -Al t-Back s pace — w h ich is h igh l y e ffe ctive in e ve ry cas e I've e ncounte re d. If you don't fe e ll ik e dropping e ve ryth ing jus t be caus e one appl ication froze , you m ay w ant to righ t cl ick on one of your pane l s and add tw o program s th e re : and . w il lk il lw h ate ve r appl ication w indow you cl ick on, and w il lgive you al is t of proce s s e s . O f cours e , you h ave to be m indfulof com patibil ity if an appl ication k e e ps h anging. Softw are m ade for Edgy w on't w ork ve ry w e l lin Guts y. You can
ch e ck your s ys te m ve rs ion in s ys te m m onitor (far l e ft tab), and you can us ual l y ch e ck th e ve rs ion of th e s oftw are be fore you dow nl oad, or unde r th e "H e l p" m e nu on th e "About"option. Th e re are s om e th ings th at are jus t pl ain diffe re nt, th at you'l l ne e d to ge t us e d to. Th e m os t notabl e of th e s e are w ork s pace s . Linux give s you four de s k tops in one — jus t to h e l p k e e p th ings organize d. You can s w itch be tw e e n th e m by pre s s ing Ctrl -Al tRigh t arrow (l e ft arrow al so w ork s ), or by cl ick ing on th e gray boxe s in th e bottom righ t. If organization is your th ing you m igh t al s o w ant to cons ide r a "h om e partition."Th is is an are a of s pace th at you s e t as ide on your h ard drive th at both W indow s and Ubuntu can re ad (you can form at th is partition in FAT32, NTFS or e xt2, but w ith NTFS, you m ay ne e d a configuration toolfor Linux, and w ith e xt2, you'l lne e d a pl ugin for W indow s ). If you w ant to be abl e to vie w ce rtain fil es from both ope rating s ys te m s (l ik e picture s , m ovie s , e tc.), th is is a
w onde rfulide a to im pl e m e nt w h e n you ins tal lUbuntu. To m ak e it m ore acce s s ibl e in Linux, you m ay w ant to ch ange your ~ /h om e fol de r to point to th at drive . You can do th is by cl ick ing on Sys te m > Adm inis tration > Us e rs and Groups . Find your profil e , cl ick prope rtie s , cl ick th e advance d tab, and ch ange th e l ocation of your h om e dire ctory. Now , you're probabl y us e d to dire ctorie s nam e d "W indow s "and "Program Fil e s ."In Linux, th e s e are al love r. Configuration fil e s are us ual l y unde r /e tc. M ore im portant e xe cutabl e s are unde r /bin, w h il e th e l e s s im portant are unde r /us r/bin. /l ib contains a bunch of l ibrarie s (s im il ar to .dl lfil e s in W indow s , but th e y w ork in a fundam e ntal l y diffe re nt w ay), and /m e dia w il lgive you a l is t of al l th e drive s you can acce s s . Th e re 's m ore , but th at s h oul d give you a bas ic ide a of h ow it w ork s . Ubuntu w il lk e e p al lth e s e organize d ve ry ne atl y if you s tick w ith re pos itorie s and Add/Re m ove . In ge ne ralth ough , you're going to w ant to k e e p al lm ovie s , picture s , and
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oth e r m e dia in your h om e dire ctory, and jus t m ak e additionaldire ctorie s to h e l p organize th e m . Las t off — to h e l p k e e p th ings nice and ne at you're going to w ant s h ortcuts . For a program , it's cal l edal aunch e r and you jus t h ave to k now th e e xact nam e of th e program to m ak e one (e xam pl e , th e Te rm inalprogram is actual l y cal l e d gnom e -te rm inal in s om e dis tributions ). To m ak e a l ink to a dire ctory, run th e te rm inal(Appl ications > Acce s s orie s > Te rm inal ) and type : ln -s filename linkname Th is m e ans : m ak e a s ym bol ic l ink (l n -s ) of th is fil e in th is l ocation. An e xam pl e of th is w oul d be : ln -s /home/user /home/user/Desktop Th at w oul d m ak e a s h ortcut to your h om e dire ctory on your de s k top. Try Ubuntu, I prom is e th at you'l l ne ve r w ant to go back !
H O W - TO
W ritte n by Ronnie Tuck e r
PART 7 Th is m onth w e w il ldis cus s l ink ing. You can h ave tw o type s of l ink s , one is w h e re you l ink inte rnal l y w ith in your ow n docum e nt or e xte rnal l y w h e re you l ink to s om e th ing l ik e a w e b page . I've m ade m y page l ook nice and tidy for th is one jus t to s h ow you a fe w nice trick s .
H
e re is h ow m y page now l ook s :
W h at I'l ldo firs t is s h ow you h ow to cre ate a bas ic l ink to a w e b page . Firs t w e ne e d to cre ate a 'h ot s pot' around th e pie ce of te xt th at w il lbe com e th e l ink . As you m ove ove r th e PD F icon in th e m e nu bar you w il ls e e a dow n arrow appe ar be s ide it, cl ick th at dow n arrow to ge t tw o ch oice s :
W e w ant th e 'Link ' option w h ich l ook s l ik e tw o foot prints . So cl ick th at and th e n draw a box around th e te xt (or im age ) you w ant to be th e l ink . Now I h ave a PD F 'Link ' box around m y te xt, incide ntal l y you can put th is box around anyth ing as it w il lal w ays be on top s o you coul d s urround an im age and s om e te xt too if you w is h . D oubl e cl ick ins ide th at box to ge t its prope rtie s
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Th is is th e Annotation Prope rtie s w indow . At th e m om e nt it s ays th e Type is 'Link ', cl ick th at dow n arrow and m ak e it 'Exte rnalW e b-Link ' th is now give s a pl ace to type in a w e b addre s s s o type one in and cl ick OK Noth ing s e e m s to h ave ch ange d but you w il ls e e l ate r th at it w il lcre ate a l ink . But h ow w il l pe opl e k now it's a l ink ?I can te l l
you now th at in th e finalPD F th e re ade r w on't k now th e l ink from ordinary te xt s o w on't k now th e re is a l ink th e re , w h at I us ual l y do is to m ak e th e te xt bl ue and unde rl ine d jus t to pre te nd it's a web l ink . D oubl e cl ick on th e te xt box, se l e ct th e pie ce of te xt th at is going to be th e l ink , give it a col or and m ak e it unde rl ine d. Th at l ook s m ore l ik e a l ink you w oul d e xpe ct to s e e . Le t's add a fe w page s to th e docum e nt jus t to s h ow h ow an inte rnall ink w ork s . In th e m ain m e nu cl ick Page > Ins e rt and ch oos e to ins e rt four ne w page s . So m y docum e nt now h as a totalof five page s . I'm jus t going to put s om e l arge num be rs on e ach page s o th at w e can dis tinguis h th e m from one anoth e r.
So l e ts re turn to page one and put in a l ink th at w il lm ak e th e re ade r jum p to page 5.
w indow , jus t cl ick 'Ignore Errors ' for now , w e 'l lgo into th is in m ore de tails oon.
Again, cl ick th e PD F button in th e m e nu and ch oos e 'Link ', draw th e box around s om e te xt and again doubl e cl ick th e PD F box.
Th at is your 'Save As PD F' now w h ich h as al lth e options you ne e d to fine tune your PD F fil e but for now ch oos e a s ave l ocation at th e top of th e w indow th e n cl ick Save .
Th is tim e k e e p th e Type as 'Link ' and m ak e th e page num be r s h ow as five . You'l ls e e th e page pre vie w on th e righ t ch ange to s h ow your page five . Th e X and Y pos ition is to l et you give an e xact l ocation on th e l anding page , I'm going to m ak e both of th e m ze ro w h ich w il lm ak e th e top of th e page touch th e top of th e PD F vie w e r's dis pl ay are a m ak ing th e page dis pl ay ful l y. So l e ts give th at a q uick te s t by e xporting th e docum e nt to a PD F fil e. In th e m ain m e nu cl ick Fil e > Export > Save As PD F You'l ls e e th e Pre Fl igh t Ve rifie r
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Th is is m y e xporte d PD F fil e in KPD F (I us e KD E) w ith th e active e xte rnalw e b l ink , and if I cl ick th e s e cond l ink : It jum ps m e to page five as e xpe cte d.
W e are al m os t finis h e d w ith l e arning th e bas ics of Scribus , ne xt m onth w e w il lde l ve in to th e 'Pre -Fl igh t Ve rifie r' and th e 'Save As PD F' tabs and options .
REVIEW
W UBIINSTA LLER 7.10
W ritte n by Jas on Pratt
Are you re ading th is m agazine be caus e you're inte re s te d in Ubuntu and Linux in ge ne ral ?Are you running s om e form of W indow s and w ant to try s om e th ing ne w ?D oe s th ink ing about ins tal l ing s om e th ing as h uge as a ne w ope rating s ys te m m ak e your k ne e s q uive r and your brow be ad w ith s w e at?W h at I s ay to you is : Ne ve r fe ar -- W ubi is h e re !
I
can confirm th at W ubi doe s th is w ith l ittl e to no fus s . W ubi its e l f is com pris e d of a s ingl e e xe cutabl e fil e s o you can run it from anyw h e re , h ard drive , fl as h drive , e xte rnalH D D , fl oppy (W e l l ,l e t's not e xagge rate )... you ge t th e picture ?It h as a cl e an, m inim al is tic inte rface containing onl y th re e options . O nce th os e options are fil l e d and final ize d, cl ick ins tal l and you're good to go. Th at's h ow e as y it is ! From th e officialw e bs ite w w w .w ubi-ins tal l e r.org
Le t m e e xpl ain: w h at W ubi doe s in e s s e nce is ins tal lUbuntu on your com pute r as a s ingl e "fil e ,"no ne e d to partition, form at, re s ize or anyth ing. Th e re w il lbe onl y one s ingl e fil e and one s ingl e fil e onl y. Th is w il lw il lh ol d al lof your Ubuntu ins tal l ation as w e l las any program s you ins tal ll ate r. It is not ins tal l ed into an e m ul ate d e nvironm e nt. It is a
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norm als e tup in e ve ry s e ns e of th e w ord. It us e s your native h ardw are and pe rform ance is ide nticalto a de dicate d ins tal l ation. Th e W ubi FAQ s tate s th at h ard-dis k acce s s is s l igh tl y sl ow e r th an a de dicate d ins tal l ation. Th rough out m y tim e w ith a W ubi ins tal lI h ave not h ad any probl e m s w ith h ard-dis k acce s s s pe e d. Ubuntu s e e m s to m e to be as q uick and s m ooth as a de dicate d ins tal l . Afte r ins tal l ation you are prom pte d to re boot your com pute r, and upon re booting you w il lbe s h ow n your ne w boot m e nu w h ich w il ll is t your W indow s O S as w e l las your Ubuntu ins tal l ation. Ch oos ing th e Ubuntu-Linux ins tal l ation w il l s h ow you th e pl e as ant Ubuntu
s pl as h s cre e n. Al lof th is is e as y as cutting a s tick of butte r - ye s , th at e as y! I re m e m be r an appl ication s om e ye ars ago th at did th e s am e bas ic th ing, ins tal l Linux ins ide th e W indow s e nvironm e nt. It w as now h e re ne ar as pl ain and s im pl e as th is ins tal l ation w as . Th e re are a fe w cave ats to ins tal l ing W ubi th at I th ink are w orth noting. I h ope th e y ge t fixe d at s om e point. Firs t, onl y th e 32-bit ve rs ion of Ubuntu is s upporte d, s o if your com pute r h as a 64-bit proce s s or you'l lh ave to s tick to th e 32-bit ve rs ion of th e O S. Th e de ve l ope rs do pl an on adding th is in th e future but for now it is 32-bit onl y. Se cond, H ibe rnate /Sus pe nd is not avail abl e w h e n running unde r a W ubi ins tal l . If you don't l ik e your pre s e nt Ubuntu s e tup and w ant a de dicate d ins tal l , th e n you'l lh ave th e abil ity to util ize h ibe rnate /s us pe nd. Th ird, you s h oul d try to avoid h ard re boots . Th e W ubi ins tal lof Ubuntu is s us ce ptibl e to dam age during h ard re boots . Sim il ar to h ibe rnation/s us pe nd, on a
de dicate d ins tal lbut it re al l y s h oul d not be a probl em. O th e r th an th e s e fe w “ is s ue s ” I h ave h ad a s tabl e Ubuntu ins tal lfor q uite a w h il e now . I h ave be e n ve ry pl e as e d by th is l ittl e pie ce of s oftw are . I re com m e nd W ubi to anyone I k now th at is inte re s te d in pl aying w ith or running Ubuntu/Kubuntu/Xubuntu on th e ir m ach ine s . It m ak e s an e as y job of ins tal l ation and, if th e us e r ch oos e s , unins tal l ation. I h ope th is re vie w /articl e h as h el pe d you and pre s e nte d an ide a of w h at W ubi is . Re m e m be r th at if you are inte re s te d, W ubi is out th e re for you to dow nl oad. Go ch e ck it out!
Ove ral l :
I did a l ittl e m ore l ook ing and found a l ink for th e l ate s t 7.10 de ve l opm e nt Al ph a's of W ubi. h ttp://w ubi-ins tal l e r.org/de ve l /m ine fie l d/ I did m y re vie w from th e Re v377 ve rs ion but (as I w rite th is ) th e de ve l ope rs are now up to Re v383. So if you w ant to ins tal l7.10 on your s ys te m you'l lne e d to us e one of th os e Al ph a re l e as e s .
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Ke e p up to date by book m ark ing th e cal e ndar. • M e e tings • D e adl ine s • Re l e as e D ate s and m ore . h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/874173
PO LLING STATIO N
W ritte n by Ronnie Tuck e r
W H AT IS YO UR FAVO RITE EM A ILCLIENT/SUITE?
Th is m onth 's pol lw as tak e n from a pol lw h ich w as running on th e n go to w w w .UbuntuForum s .org, go to th e 3rd Party forum th e n cl ick
h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/67e e fc Il ik e th e s im pl icity of th unde rbird too, but w h at re al l y got m e is th e s pam fil te r, it is th e be s t in th e w orl d. W h y?Be caus e you te l lit w h at is s pam and w h at is not s pam . I de finite l y pre fe r Th unde rbird. I us e d Km ailfor a l ong tim e prior to th at, untilI dis cove re d th e junk m ailcontrol s in Th unde rbird. Th at and it's s im pl e to s e tup/us e .
. If you w oul dl ik e to cre ate a pol lfor Ful lCircl e M agazine . Cre ate your pol lin th at s ub-forum onl y.
Evol ution be caus e : I can back up m y m ailto a .ps t type fil e (unl ik e Th unde rbird), it l ook s pre tty (m uch be tte r th an th e ol d Evol ution unde r Re d H at 9 ), I can dow nl oad m ail& s til l k e e p it on m y e m ails e rve r (PO P), I can us e PO P and IM AP, I al s o us e O utl ook 2000, s o it h as th e s am e l ook & fe e lof O utl ook , I us e w e b-bas e d Yah oo M ailas m y s pam catch e r and be caus e I us e fas tm ailas m y "re al " e m ailaccount.
I us e Evol ution be caus e I'm too l azy to ins tal ls om e th ing e l s e and th at's w h at cam e w ith m y ins tal l ation.
I us e Th unde rbird as m y m ain e -m ailcl ie nt, as I am us ing IM AP and th e n h ave m ore or l e s s th e s am e cl ie nt for m y th re e pl attform s M acO S X, W indow s and Linux.
I've jus t dis cove re d s yl ph e e d cl aw s and for now I'm gonna s tick w ith it. it's fas t and pow e rful
I us e Gm ailand Evol ution. Gm ails e e m s to do a gre at job fil te ring s pam s o m y e m ailis pre tty cl e an by th e tim e it ge ts to Evol ution. Th e m ain re as on I us e Evol ution is be caus e it incl ude s a cal e ndar, to do l is t, e tc. th at I can s ync w ith m y Pal m Pil ot. Th unde rbird - It doe s e xactl y w h at i w ant it to do. I al so l ik e th e inte grate d e -m ail program th at com e s w ith O pe ra.
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W e b M ail . I s toppe d us ing e m ailcl ie nts al ong tim e ago. I h ave m utt s e tup to fe tch /s e nd us ing m y gm ail ...w ork s for m e .
I us e Km ailfor both pe rs onaland bus ine s s e m ail . Th e inte gration w ith Kontact, th e PIM , w as th e de ciding factor. I h ad us e d O utl ook 2xxx for s e ve ralye ars , th e n Th unde rbird for tw o or th re e ye ars , and now Km ail /Kontact. Re al l y s atis fie d w ith it, too, and it offe rs m ore fe ature s to m e th an Th unde rbird (a good cl ie nt as wel l , if al lyou do is m ail ).
INTERVIEW
W ritte n by Ian M cIntos h
A M Y D E G RO FFFRO M TH E H O W A RD CO UNTY LIBRA RY
In 2004, th e m ade ne w s w h e n th e y s w itch e d 300 of th e ir publ ic com pute rs from W indow s to an in-h ous e Linux s ol ution. Re ce ntl y, th e y upgrade d th e com pute rs to a ve rs ion of dis tribute d by Groovix. W e tal k to , H e ad of IT for th e l ibrary.
W e got inte re s te d in Linux be caus e tw o of our IT guys (form e r Unix adm inis trators ) w e re big fans . W h at we l ik e d about it w as th e e as e of m anage m e nt from a re m ote l ocation (w e h ave 6 branch e s and, at th at point, tw o IT guys m anaging th e m ach ine s ) and th e abil ity to s trip off functions , appl ications , and s e rvice s th at w e did not w ant.
Th e y w e re running W indow s NT. A form e r IT pe rs on h ad s h ut dow n a gre at de alof th e functions , acce s s , e tc.
de s igne d and m anage d by M ik e Rick s e ck e r and Luis Sal azar. LuM ix bas ical l y jus t h ad a brow s e r, M ozil l a, s trippe d to bare e s s e ntial s . W e put it on al l but th re e m ach ine s at e ach branch , l e aving NT on th os e w ith M S O ffice 9 7.
Th e financialas pe ct w as al so attractive , but it w as actual l y NO T th e firs t th ing w e fe l lin l ove w ith . I s e e it as an adde d bonus and a w onde rfuls e rvice to our com m unity th at I can offe r a s tre am l ine d de s k top AND s ave m one y!
LuM ix ran l ik e a top for ne arl y2 ye ars , but cus tom e rs w ante d m ore . Th e y w ante d w ord proce s s ing, th e y w ante d acce s s to USB fl as h drive s (w e 'd s h ut th at dow n in LuM ix and it w as not avail abl e on our NT ve rs ion) s o w e s tarte d th ink ing "w h at ne xt?"
Th e firs t s w itch w as from th e NT e nvironm e nt I de s cribe d above to LuM ix, [a Linux dis tribution]
O ne option w as , of cours e , to re buil d and upgrade LuM ix. M ik e be gan w ork on LuM ix 3.0 (as w e w e re te ntative l y cal l ing it).
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At th e s am e tim e , w e re s e arch e d th e ve ndor w orl d, and w e found tw o inte re s ting options : a Canadian firm cal l e d Us e rful , and a te ch nol ogy cal l e d Groovix, buil t by O pe n Se ns e Sol utions . W e ch os e Groovix. H ard to q uantify w h y - it jus t fe l t m ore ope n and w e l ik e d ve ry m uch th e s upport s taff.
W e e val uate d Ubuntu for tw o m onth s . To be h one s t, I w as s ol d te n m inute s in, but I k ne w I h ad to give it m ore tim e and us e . I am trul y am aze d at th e us abil ity of Ubuntu - I th ink it is dow n-righ t el e gant.
PACs (w e w e nt from 128 to 512), and w e s pe nt $25 on th e s oftw are (ye s , 25 dol l ars ). W e pay for s upport from O pe n Se ns e Sol utions - a fl at, ye arl y rate th at is about 1/10th of w h at w e pay for oth e r e nte rpris e -w ide s oftw are . H ad w e re m aine d a W indow s s h op and ch os e n XP ins te ad, w e probabl y w oul d h ave re pl ace d th e h ardw are e ntire l y, anticipating th e m ove to Vis ta. At around $800 for e ach of 300 m ach ine s , th at w oul d h ave cos t $240,000.
Som e of th e m one y w e s ave d s o far h as gone to h ardw are - w e bough t l ove l y 19 "fl at s cre e ns for e ve ry s ingl e m ach ine .
It cos t us around $20,000 to upgrade th e m e m ory on th e 300
Ve ry s afe to s ay. W e 'l lcontinue to us e th e funds for s e rvice com pute r training, book s , m ovie s , program s , and h ardw are upgrade s .
O ur re q ue s ts for h e l p /h e l p de s k tick e ts h ave droppe d by 40% s ince th e W indow s NT days . M os t cus tom e rs s it at th e m ach ine and w ork aw ay, re q uiring no h e l p. Cus tom e rs w h o are l e s s com fortabl e on a com pute r h ave q ue s tions , but th e y are not Linux-bas e d. Ins te ad "h ow do I bol d te xt?"or "h ow do I add a page bre ak ?" Th e k ind w e 'd ge t w ith any appl ication. M os t h e l p de s k tick e ts now are h ardw are probl e m s , a h ard drive dying or a m ach ine be ing unpl ugge d (one of th e m os t com m on one s , actual l y).
Al lin al l , th e y are fine .
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W e h ave a fe w s taff w h o are re l uctant to m ove to O pe nO ffice . Th e y m aintain th at be caus e it is fre e , it is not as good. I re al l y don't agre e w ith th at opinion. W e are m oving al ls taff to Ubuntu de s k tops th is fal land w inte r s o, s oon, th e y w il lbe us ing O pe nO ffice . I do h ope th os e w h o are uncom fortabl e com e around. I w ork h ard to do one -on-one training and to be a ch e e rl e ade r for th e m .
Th e onl y probl e m is th at a fe w w e bs ite s , for e xam pl e s om e col l e ge grade s ite s , re q uire Inte rne t Expl ore r and w on't w ork h e re . And w e don't apol ogize for th at, w e e ncourage our cus tom e rs to e xpre s s th e ir frus tration. W e h ad one m ach ine th at k e pt "turning off for no re as on"- of cours e m any as s um e d it w as th e "th ird rate "ope n s ource s oftw are . Turne d out th e us e r w as a l eg s w inge r - s h e w as bum ping th e pow e r s w itch !
Th e s ol e pie ce of s oftw are w e can't us e h e re is th e CLIENT for our inte grate d l ibrary s ys te m . It is a s h am e , be caus e th is ve ndor's pl an, pre s e nte d to us th re e ye ars ago, w as to be e ntire l y w e b-bas e d by now . Th at ve ndor ch ange d cours e , and w h il e I coul d h ave ch os e n to ch ange cours e w ith th e m and abandon our vis ion of Linux s ys te m w ide , I w il l not. I can't l e t any ve ndor dictate h ow I s pe nd tax paye r m one y.
I th ink th e bigge s t barrie r facing l ibrarie s in doing w h at w e h ave done is fe ar of th e unk now n. W e ran into th is , of cours e . W h e n pe opl e s tarte d USING th e s oftw are th e y w oul d ofte n com e into m y office s h e e pis h l y and s ay, "um , th is is not a big de al ,"and I w oul d s m il e and s ay, yup!
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Library patrons can and s h oul d re q ue s t an accounting of w h at s oftw are cos ts , e s pe cial l y w ith Vis ta on th e h orizon. Patrons s h oul d as k , 'w h y m ove to Vis ta?W h at doe s it give m e as a cus tom e r?' O ne Vis ta us e r tol d m e th e 3D functional ity w as 'cool '. I s aid, 'w h at doe s th at do to ge t m y cus tom e rs inform ation about m y col l e ction?"Th e re w as no ans w e r.
It w as m y pl e as ure ! I am proud of w h at w e are doing and I w oul dl ove to h e l p oth e r groups us e Ubuntu. I w oul d al so l ik e to h e ar about oth e r proje cts or appl ications th at your re ade rs th ink w oul d be nice additions to our de pl oym e nt! Am y can be contacte d at am yde groff@ h cl ibrary.org
M Y STO RY
FRO M W IND O W S TO UBUNTU
W ritte n by D e e pank Gupta
I am not th e k ind of pe rs on w h o fe e l s a s e ns e of pride in M icros oft bas h ing. I re s pe ct M icros oft as th e y put in a l ot of e ffort in orde r to m ak e a s tabl e ope rating s ys te m w h ich th e y update re gul arl y w ith s e rvice pack s and fixe s . For th is re as on I us e d w indow s for about th re e or four ye ars . But th e n I h e ard from a frie nd, th at th e re is an O S nam e d Ubuntu th at is s h ippe d fre e of cos t w ith no pos talch arge s . So, I de cide d to give it a try. W h e n I s tarte d us ing Ubuntu, I l e arne d ove r tim e th at Ubuntu is a far be tte r ope rating s ys te m .
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w as a bit appre h e ns ive be fore ins tal l ing Ubuntu as I h ad h e ard a l ot of w orris om e s torie s about Linux in ge ne raland h ow it re q uire s s pe cialcom pute r k now l e dge to ins tal lit. But w h e n I put in Ubuntu Live CD , m y fe ars w e re dis pe l l e d. To m y am aze m e nt I found th at it can run from a Live CD w ith out ins tal l ation, al l ow ing m e to pre vie w al lth e fe ature s of th e ope rating s ys te m . Th e n I w ork e d up th e courage to partition m y h ard dis k and dual boot w ith W indow s (I s til lw ante d to cl ing onto W indow s ). Al th ough th e ins tal l ation w as e as y, th e gam e s w e re fun to pl ay and al l m y h ardw are w as de te cte d prope rl y, I h ad a s e tback w h e n I found out th at I coul d ne ith e r l is te n to m y h uge col l e ction of M P3s nor w atch any m ovie s in
s pite of h aving a l ot of m e dia pl aye rs .
l e arn in ye ar of W indow s us e !
Th e re w e re tw o probl e m s to be ove rcom e . Firs t, th e probl e m of acce s s ing m y m any ye ars of data in m y W indow s partitions and s e cond, dow nl oading th e ne ce s s ary pack age s for m ak ing proprie tary form ats w ork . I googl e d m y probl e m s and found a w h ol e ne w re s ource – Ubuntuforum s .org. Th is forum h ad m any contributors and l ots and l ots of pe opl e re ady to h e l p out. I s til l re m e m be r th at m y firs t q ue s tion on th e forum w as ans w e re d w ith in 10 m inute s ! Al s o, th e re is a l ot of docum e ntation re garding th e fre e s oftw are and tips to do w ork in Ubuntu. By fol l ow ing pos ts and articl e s , I s oon h ad m y ow n cus tom ize d s ys te m . I l e arne d m ore about ope rating s ys te m s in th at s h ort tim e th an I h ad be e n abl e to
I se l dom us e d th e com m and l ine in W indow s and m y e xpe rie nce h as s h ow n th at W indow s us e rs h ave a fe ar of th e te rm inal . In a W indow s e nvironm e nt, th e com m and l ine is us e d m ainl y w h e n you h ave to fix th ings l ik e a virus , for e xam pl e , but in Ubuntu, th e com m and l ine is a w ay of l ife ! I h ave com e to l ove th e com m and l ine .
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Now , you m igh t be w onde ring w h y I de cide d th at Ubuntu is a be tte r ope rating s ys te m for m e w h e n I h ad to s pe nd s o m uch tim e s truggl ing to ins tal l s oftw are . W e l l , in th e pas t ye ar w ith Ubuntu I h ave ne ve r once be e n s truck by a virus . I did not
e ve n h ave to buy a Norton s ubs cription for th at. I h ave ne ith e r ne e de d to de fragm e nt m y h ard dis k (th ank s to th e e xt3 fil e s ys te m ), nor e ncounte re d th e "Bl ue Scre e n of D e ath ."Th e re w e re tim e s w h e n m y com pute r w oul d h ang, th ough I've al w ays be e n abl e to us e a "force q uit" and h ave ne ve r h ad to s e nd an e rror re port! Al lof th is and I h ave n't e ve n m e ntione d th at I got th e office s uite , a l arge num be r of gam e s , an e xce l l e nt m e dia pl aye r (now th at I h ave dow nl oade d th e code cs and can e ve n run .FLVand
H i, I'm M atth e w Ros s i and I w il lbe your h os t for th e . I am al s o th e h os t of . H e re I w il lans w e r a fe w q ue s tions about th e ne w podcas t. If you h ave any q ue s tions , I can be contacte d at podcas t@ ful l circl e m agazine .org.
Th e Ful lCircl e Podcas t w il l ,l ik e th e m agazine , be about al lfl avors of Ubuntu. Th e s h ow is de s igne d to com pl e m e nt th e m agazine ye t com e up
.RM VB fil e s in M pl aye r, s om e th ing th at W indow s M e dia Pl aye r coul d ne ve r do) and a gre at ins tant m e s s e nge r th rough w h ich I can l og into any ins tant m e s s aging account.
arranging s oftw are to run on W indow s .
Linux is al s o a gre at pl atform to l e arn C program m ing. You do not h ave to ins tal lgigs of Vis ualStudio, but can h ave a gcc com pil e r w h ich can do e ve ryth ing you w ant and is onl y 5-6 M Bs at th e m ax. W h at's m ore , Anjuta h as al m os t al lth e functional ity of any oth e r popul ar ID E. I us e d it to do m y Introduction to Program m ing as s ignm e nts at s ch ool w h il e oth e r cl as s m ate s w e re bus y
So, al th ough I ge t fre e acce s s to W indow s and s om e oth e r M icros oft proprie tary s oftw are from m y unive rs ity's s oftw are dis tribution program , I s til lfind m ys e l f us ing Ubuntu m ore and m ore as I find it to be a m ore s tabl e , m ode s t and be tte r ove ral l ope rating s ys te m . It m ay not be as fl as h y in its cl aim s as W indow s and you do re q uire a ce rtain w ork ing k now l e dge of com pute rs , but once you s tart us ing it, you w il ll ove it.
w ith our ow n conte nt.
th e h os ts .
No. W h at is cove re d in th e podcas t is at m y dis cre tion.
Th at h as n't be e n de cide d ye t, but s ubs cribe to th e podcas t RSS fe e d at: h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/c79 6aa and you w il lfind out as s oon w e de cide .
I w il lbe th e h os t, and w e w il lh ave a pane l , and gue s ts .
W e can't w ait to bring you Epis ode 1. But for now , you can ch e ck out at h ttp://pe nguince ntral .co.nr/
Ful lCircl e Podcas t w il lcom e out th e firs t and th ird w e e k of e ach m onth . Th is is s ubje ct to ch ange , as are th e s ch e dul e s of
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UBUNTU YO UTH
W ritte n by Andre w from w w w .Te e ns O nLinux.org
S
o you've ins tal l e d th e l ate s t ve rs ion of Ubuntu, you've got your w ick e d aw e s om e Com piz Fus ion e ffe cts s e t up — now w h at? I as k e d th e s am e q ue s tion about a ye ar ago w h e n I s tarte d w ith Kubuntu 6.06. So h e re are a fe w th ings I cam e up w ith to k e e p you from ge tting bore d.
Trus t m e , you can l e arn a l ot th is w ay. H e re 's w h at you do: ope n your fil e m anage r and pre s s th e “ up one dire ctory” button tw ice . Th is s h oul d tak e you to th e top l e ve lof your ins tal l ation. You'l l s e e a bunch of dire ctorie s l ik e /us r, /proc, and /h om e . Look th rough th e m and find out w h at th e y're for. I w oul d h igh l y re com m e nd Linux Re al ity podcas t e pis ode 11 for th is : h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/111c30
Th e future of O pe n Source is in th e Young Pe opl e of today;th at's w h y th is corne r of th e m agazine is for young pe opl e or s im pl y th os e w h o are young at h e art.
By de faul t, Ubuntu com e s w ith GNO M E, KD E, or XFCE. W h y not try s om e th ing diffe re nt?Ice W M or Fl uxbox are tw o al te rnative s . Th e y're both fas t, fre e and in th e Ubuntu re pos itorie s . Jus t go into Synaptic (or Ade pt, if you're a Kubuntu us e r l ik e m e ) and s e arch for “ w indow m anage rs ” .
Try us ing th e com m and l ine for a day. Us e it for e ve ryth ing! Try El ink s or w 3m . Try s om e CLI gam e s . H e ck , e ve n try m anaging your m us ic col l e ction! It's fas te r th an a w indow m anage r and infinite l y m ore fl e xibl e. Se e : h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/745c00
Try l e arning a program m ing l anguage l ik e Ruby or Pyth on. I h ave
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be e n l e arning Ruby for th e pas t fe w m onth s and I'm re al l y e njoying it. For s om e tutorial s on program m ing, s e e h ttp://pine .fm /Le arnToProgram / or w w w .pyth on.org. O r if you're a book pe rs on l ik e m e , tak e a l ook at: h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/9 d47a0
or: h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/b2a379
.
Th e nice th ing about th e Ubuntu com m unity is th at th e y're al w ays ope n to your ide as . Se nd in a fe ature re q ue s t to your favorite proje ct. If you can code , try m ak ing s om e of th os e fe ature s pos s ibl e . You coul d e ve n try w riting for ! Now h ave fun, and re m e m be r th at you h ave no re as on to be bore d!
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SO UND BITES
W ritte n by M atth e w Ros s i
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'm M atth e w Ros s i, h os t of th e , and h e re are m y pick s for th e big s torie s in th e Ubuntu w orl d. Th is m onth , I w il lbe rounding up th e e ve nts at th e Ubuntu D e ve l ope r Sum m it. Th e ful larticl e s can be found at h ttp://fridge .ubuntu.com /taxonom y /te rm /13. Som e of th e h igh l igh ts for m e in w rap up w e re : *Autom atix and Ubuntu col l aboration. H ol d on, h ow can you col l aborate w ith Autom atix w h ich is k now n to be a bad boy in th e Ubuntu w orl d?
H e re are s om e th ings you m ay h e ar on our s oon to be re l e as e d podcas t. If you h ave an ide a or w ant to tak e part th e n e m ailour h os t, M atth e w Ros s i, at podcas t@ ful l circl e m agazine .org
*Support for th e Cl as s m ate PC pl atform . Th at's an inte re s ting one .
W indow s if you h ave h ad e nough of it?Good l uck to th e m anyw ay.
*Cre ating an Ubuntu M obil e com m unity. W e l l , h aving Ubuntu on th e go is a gre at th ing. And w h o's going to craw laround on th e forum s and h e l p th os e w h o are in ne e d? Gre at ide a.
*Th e 2.6.24 Ke rne l . Th e Ke rne l is th e m ak e or bre ak of any Linux dis tribution, and I w onde r if Linus agre e s w ith m e ... It w il l be inte re s ting to s e e h ow big th e k e rne lw il lge t. Th e re l e as e candidate w e igh e d in at 11 m e gabyte s . H ope ful l y it can s h e d s om e w e igh t in tim e .
*Eas y Fil e Sh aring! Th is is de s pe rate l y ne e de d. As far as I k now it is n't th e e as ie s t th ing to s e t up s h aring be tw e e n tw o com pute rs w h e re one of th e com pute rs is an Ubuntu com pute r.
*Ch ange s to th e l ogout dial og. I don't h ave any probl e m s w ith th e curre nt dial og m ys e l f. It's jus t l ik e h ow pe opl e w h ine d about th e de faul t w al l pape r in Guts y.
*Th e Scre e ncas ts on CD bl ue print. Now th is is s om e th ing th at I k now of, and I w il lal w ays e ndors e th e ide a. Th e ide a is e xpl aine d w e l lh e re h ttps ://w ik i.ubuntu.com /Scre e ncas ts In UbuntuSpe c. It's an e xce l l e nt ide a.
*D e fining a road m ap for s upporting LocalCom m unity (LoCo) te am s . Now th at's a good ide a!
*A W indow s ins tal l e r. It's an inte re s ting conce pt, but I tak e th e traditional is t vie w on it, s aying w h y w oul d you w ant to ins tal lLinux ins ide
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*Buil ding a com m unity around "e nte rpris e "Ubuntu - Th at is h el pful . Th e ne e d of an Ente rpris e Ubuntu com m unity s h ow s h ow popul ar Ubuntu is be com ing in th e bus ine s s w orl d. W e 'l ljus t h ave to w ait and s e e . And th at is m y w rap up of UD S Bos ton, al be it s tanding from th e s ide l ine s . Th e re is anoth e r round up of th e day by day e ve nts w h ich you can find in th e h ttps ://w ik i.ubuntu.com /UbuntuW e e k l y Ne w s l e tte r/Is s ue 64
LETTERS
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h e re are l oads of w ays in w h ich you can contribute to Ubuntu (s e e FCM # 6 l e tte r), program m ing is onl y one of th os e w ays . For ins tance , if your ow n l anguage is s om e th ing oth e r th an Engl is h , th e n you can h e l p trans l ate s oftw are and docum e ntation to your ow n l anguage . Anoth e r w ay to contribute to Ubuntu is by s im pl y going into th e forum s or on IRC and h e l p pe opl e s ol ve any probl e m th e y are h aving. If you k now h ow to do s om e th ing in Ubuntu, th e n you coul d w rite a W ik i articl e (h ttps ://w ik i.ubuntu.com /) or if you h ave a gre at ide a on h ow Ubuntu can be im prove d, you coul d s ubm it it to th e ide a poolat h ttps ://w ik i.ubuntu.com /Ide aPool
Eve ry m onth w e l ik e to publ is h s om e of th e e m ail s w e re ce ive . If you w oul dl ik e to s ubm it a l e tte r for publ ication, com pl im e nt or com pl aint, pl e as e e m ailit to: l e tte rs @ ful l circl e m agazine .org. PLEASE NOTE: s om e l e tte rs m ay be e dite d for s pace re as ons .
LETTER OF TH E M ONTH
W rite r of Le tte r of th e M onth w ins tw o m e talUbuntu cas e badge s !
I m ade th is pum pk in by printing out th e Ubuntu l ogo and taping it to th e pum pk in. I us e d one of th os e pok e rs th at com e in pum pk in carving k its to pok e h ol e s in th e pum pk in al ong th e l ine s w h e re I h ad to cut, th e n I jus t cut al ong th e l ine s . I de cide d to m ak e th e Ubuntu pum pk in, be caus e I w ante d to
Th os e are jus t a fe w of th e w ays in w h ich you can h e l p m ak e Ubuntu a be tte r e xpe rie nce for e ve ryone . You can find m ore w ays at h ttp://w w w .ubuntu.com /com m unity/parti cipate
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th ink th e re w as a m is tak e in th e pol lit is s ue # 6. W indow m anage r and de s k top e nvironm e nt are tw o diffe re nt th ings .
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do s om e th ing diffe re nt from th e s tandard "s cary"pum pk in. Not a l ot of pe opl e s aw th e pum pk in, but s om e one s aid th at th e onl y pe rs on th at w oul d th ink it w as s cary w oul d be Bil lGate s . 足 w w w .l inuxl oop.com
Gnom e , KD E and XFCE are de s k top e nvironm e nts , not w indow m anage rs , al th ough th e y h ave buil t-in w indow s m anage rs (in orde r: M e tacity, Kw in, xfw m ), w e can't m ak e confus ion w ith th e s e tw o te rm s . Th e s e one s are ok ay: Com piz and Be rylare re al l y w indow s m anage rs as th e y onl y re pl ace m e tacity, k w in or xfw m . By th e w ay, Com piz fus ion is not th e w indow m anage r its e l f, it's jut th e re pl ace m e nt for Com pize xtras , m e rging ol d com piz
pl ugins w ith Be rylone s . A w indow m anage r can be us e d in al loth e r de s k top e nvironm e nts (at l e as t in th e ory), but th e be s t th ing is to k e e p th e de s k top e nvironm e nt de faul t one . W ith th e introduction of com pos iting w indow m anage rs (th e one s th at m ak e al lth os e coole ffe cts , jus t to re m e m be r th e w indow m anage r is th e one th at do th os e e ffe cts to th e w indow s not th e de s k top e nvironm e nt) it be cam e com m on to re pl ace th e de faul t one w ith anoth e r (cool ) one l ik e pe opl e do w h e n putting Com piz (Fus ion) in Gnom e . Th e y are actual l y re pl acing M e tacity w ith Com piz (ye t putting e xtra pl ugins if th e y are ins tal l ing com piz fus ion al s o)
Ed:
I
th ink I've m e t th e s am e probl em as Anth ony Ste l l ato (Le tte rs page of FCM # 6), m aybe m ine is e ve n w ors e ! I h ave ins tal l e d tote m -xine and m pl aye r w ith w 32code cs in m y Guts y Gibbon, but I can not ope n m y H D vide os (or m ovie s ) w ith th e m . Each tim e I try to us e m pl aye r or tote m xine to ope n m y 720p or 1080p m ovie s , none of th e m w ork e d, it q uit autom atical l y not l ong afte r I doubl e cl ick e d th e H D m ovie fil e.
I
s it pos s ibl e to h ave an articl e e xpl aining a h ow to cre ate a m e dia ce nte r w ith th e pack age s provide d on th e re pos itory?
Ed:
So, pl e as e h e l p m e and oth e r frie nds w ith th e s am e probl em! By th e w ay, I am a l oyalre ade r of , I've re ad al l th e is s ue s , th e y are gre at! I l ik e th e ve ry m uch , w h ich is ve ry us e ful . W h il e on th e s ubje ct, coul d you l is t s om e dow nl oading tool s for us in th e ne xt is s ue pl e as e ?Th ank you.
Ed:
I
th ink is a gre at re s ource . I h ave a s ugge s tion th ough : I th ink th e re s h oul d be s om e s m al l bl urb s om e w h e re ne ar th e front, l e tting pe opl e w h o k now noth ing, noth ing at al l , about w h at Ubuntu is and w h e re th e y can l e arn m ore .
Ed: .
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Q& A
W ritte n by Robe rt Cl ips h am
Q
Since I upgrade d to th e Guts y Gibbon I h ave onl y be e n abl e to acce s s w e bs ite s by us ing th e ir IP addre s s e s , and anyth ing el s e Inte rne t re l ate d w on't w ork w h y is th is ?
A
Th e re are s e ve rals im pl e w ays to s ol ve th is . Th e e as ie s t one is jus t to dis abl e ipv6, w h ich can be done by doing 'gk s udo ge dit /e tc/m odprobe .d/bl ack l is t' in a te rm inal(k de s u k ate /e tc/m odprobe .d/bl ack l is t in KD E), th e n adding 'bl ack l is t ipv6' to th e e nd of th e fil e . Re s tart your PC and ipv6 w il lbe dis abl e d. Look at th e l ink be l ow to find oth e r w ays to s ol ve th is . h ttps ://h e l p.ubuntu.com /com m unity/W e bB row s ingSl ow IPv6IPv4
Can Ubuntu Us e M ore Th an 4GB Of RAM ?
If you h ave an Ubuntu re l ate d q ue s tion w h ich ne e ds ans w e ring, e m ailit to us h e re at q ue s tions @ ful l circl e m agazine .org, and w e 'l lpas s th e m to Robe rt for ans w e ring in a future is s ue . Pl e as e incl ude as m uch inform ation as you can about your probl em.
Q
Can Ubuntu us e m ore th an 4GB of RAM ?
A
If you w ant to us e m ore th an 4GB of RAM in Ubuntu you ne e d to dow nl oad th e 64 Bit ve rs ion. W h e n on th e dow nl oad page you ne e d to ch oos e th e '64bit AM D and Inte lcom pute rs ' option. h ttp://ubuntuforum s .org/s h ow th re ad.ph p?t= 605649
Q
I'm running th e s e rve r e dition of Ubuntu, but ne e d a GUI. H ow can I ins tal lone ?
A
Us e 's udo aptitude ins tal l ' fol l ow e d by ubuntu-de s k top, k ubuntu-de s k top or xubuntude s k top, de pe nding on w h ich us e r inte rface you w ant. You w il lal so ne e d to ins tal lgdm (Gnom e ) or k dm (KD E). h ttp://ubuntuforum s .org/s h ow th re ad.ph p?t= 605801
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Q
I w oul dl ik e to l e arn s om e bas ic com m ands in Linux. Are th e re any good s ite s for th is ?
A
Th e Ubuntu h e l p s ite h as a good guide at h ttps ://h e l p.ubuntu.com /co m m unity/Us ingTh e Te rm inal , w h ich w il ls h ow al lth e bas ic com m ands for us ing a te rm inal in Ubuntu. Th e re is al s o a m ore ge ne ralguide at h ttp://l inuxcom m and.org/w h ich appl ie s to al ldis tributions . h ttp://ubuntuforum s .org/s h ow th re ad.ph p?t=605836
I W oul d Lik e To Le arn Som e Bas ic Com m ands in Linux
M Y D ESK TO P
W ritte n by Attil a Sol ym os s y
Your ch ance to s h ow th e w orl d your de s k top or PC. Em ailyour s cre e ns h ots and ph otos to: m is c@ ful l circl e m agazine .org and incl ude a brie f paragraph about your de s k top, your PC's s pe cs and any oth e r inte re s ting tidbits about your s e tup.
I
am brand ne w to Linux. M y firs t and onl y atte m pt s o far h as be e n w ith Ubuntu. I am ve ry s atis fie d w ith m y ch oice . I th ink th at de s k top m odifications are e as y to pre form by a ne w Linux us e r, too. Th e fl avor I us e is Ubuntu Studio. (You can ge t it from th e re pos itorie s . For ins tructions vis it w w w .ubuntus tudio.org) Th e icon pack age , D ropl ine Ne u, is avail abl e from art.gnom e .org You can dow nl oad th e m ous e th e m e from w w w .gnom e -l ook .org Se arch for Fe dora Core 6 Curs ors .
M Y D ESK TO P
W ritte n by Ch andra Se k ar
M y de s k top cus tom ization us e s onl y w h at is avail abl e by de faul t in Kubuntu Guts y Gibbon (7.10). H e re is h ow you m ay do it for yours e l f: *Enabl e trans pare ncy for th e pane l . *Se t th e tint am ount to around 50% . Th e tint col or I h ave us e d is th e de faul t. *Th e w al l pape r is th e "Al ta Badia"one w h ich com e s w ith Kubuntu. *Th e O SD on th e top is dis pl aye d jus t as Am arok s tarts pl aying a s ong. *Katapul t is us e d to ope n th e D igik am . O th e r s pe cs : *KD E 3.5.8. *Ace r AL1702W w ide s cre e n m onitor at a re s ol ution of 1440x9 00. *nVID IA Ge Force 4000 M X. *256 M B RAM . *Inte lCe l e ron running at 2.0 GH z.
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TO P5 A UD IO /VID EO A PPS W ritte n by Andre w M in
Your m onth l yl is t of Linux gam e s or appl ications from th e de pth s of th e Inte rne t. If you h ave an ide a for a l is t, pl e as e e m ail : m is c@ ful l circl e m agazine .org
H om e page : h ttp://l m m s .s ource forge .ne t/
H om e page : h ttp://audacity.s ource forge .ne t/
L
A
M M S (Linux M ul tiM e dia Studio) is anoth e r gre at al l purpos e s ound e ditor. Sim il ar to th e com m e rcialCubas e or FLStudio, LM M S com bine s a pow e rful s ynth e s ize r w ith a gre at track e r/s e q ue nce r program to cre ate an am azing audio e ditor. W ith it, you can al so capture input from M ID I k e yboards , w rite m us ic w ith a gre at s ong e ditor, add l oops or be ats , or us e pl ugins for LAD SPA and Cubas e (w ith W INE). Al lw rappe d into a pow e rfulye t e as y to us e Qtbas e d GUI.
udacity is a s im pl e ye t pow e rful digitalaudio e ditor. Starte d as a bas ic e ditor by D om inic M azzoni during graduate s ch ool , Audacity h as grow n to incl ude fe ature s s uch as up to 16 ch anne l s of re cording, 16, 24, and 32 bit s am pl e s , rate s up to 9 6 KH z, e as y copying and pas ting, unl im ite d undos , m ixing, pl ug-ins , e ffe cts , s upport for pl ugins w ritte n in LAD SPA, VST, and Nyq uis t, and boas ts W AV, AIFF, M P3 (us ing LAM E), FLAC, and O GG s upport. It's no w onde r it w on th e Be s t Proje ct for M ul tim e dia prize in th e 2007 Source Forge .ne t Com m unity Ch oice Aw ards .
To ins tal lLM M S, al lyou ne e d to do is ge t th e l m m s pack age in th e Unive rs e re pos itory.
To ins tal lAudacity, jus t grab th e audacity pack age in th e Unive rs e re pos itory.
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H om e page : h ttp://l ive s .s ource forge .ne t/
H om e page : h ttp://w w w .avide m ux.org/
H om e page : h ttp://w w w .k de nl ive .org/
f vide o e diting is m ore your s tyl e , try out LiVES. It's a pow e rfultoolth at m ixe s a re al tim e e ditor and a non-l ine ar e ditor into one pack age . Th row in s om e nice add-ons , s cripts , fil te rs , and s upport for virtual l y any form at (it us e s M Pl aye r), and you've jus t s cratch e d th e s urface of w h at it is capabl e of.
Avide m ux w as cre ate d for th os e w h o don't ne e d th e k itch e n s ink in th e ir vide o e ditor. Ins te ad, Avide m ux offe rs a s im pl e inte rface w ith fe ature s s uch as cutting/appe nding cl ips , fil te rs , s upport for e ncoding and de coding al lth e popul ar form ats (incl uding AVI, ASF, Quick Tim e , M PEG, and W M V), m uxing (and de m uxing) s upport, O CR s ubtitl e s , and s cripting us ing ECM AScript. And if you're a Kubuntu us e r, you'l lbe gl ad to l e arn th at th e ne w ve rs ion incl ude s a Qt ve rs ion al ong w ith th e de faul t GTK.
If you're a Kubuntu us e r, you'l l w ant to try Kde nl ive . Th is nonl ine ar vide o e ditor incl ude s ful l FFM PEG s upport (s o it w il lim port and e xport virtual l y any form at you th row at it, incl uding AVI, M PEG, O GG, and VO B), 4:3 and 16:9 as pe ct ratios , PALand NTSC form at s upport, D VD burning, m ul ti-track e diting, bas ic audio and vide o e ffe cts and trans itions (w ith re al -tim e pre vie w s ), sl ide s h ow s , and m ore . Al lin a rich KD E inte rface s upporting te n diffe re nt l anguage s .
avide m ux is incl ude d in Ubuntu's M ul tive rs e re pos itory.
To ins tal lKde nl ive , jus t ins tal lth e k de nl ive pack age in th e unive rs e re pos itory.
I
Al th ough LiVES is one of th e gre ate s t Ubuntu e ditors , it didn't m ak e it into th e Ubuntu re pos itorie s . Luck il y, Ge tD e b.ne t h as a pack age at h ttp://w w w .ge tde b.ne t/app.ph p?nam e =Li VES.
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Sunday 09 th D e ce m be r.
Ful lCircl e Te am - Ronnie Tuck e r ronnie @ ful l circl e m agazine .org - Rob Ke rfia adm in@ ful l circl e m agazine .org
H AVE YOUR SAY If you w ant to h ave your s ay in h ow Ful lCircl e de ve l ops , pl e as e atte nd our m onth l y IRC m e e ting. You can find our ne xt Age nda at: h ttp://url .ful l circl e m agazine .org/f2ba08 W e w ant th e input of you, th e re ade r, to h e l p us m ak e de cis ions th at affe ct th e m agazine . Ne xt ge ne ral , al lw e l com e , m e e ting: M e e tings tak e pl ace in th e IRC ch anne l , w h ich is on th e irc.fre e node .ne t s e rve r. O r you can us e our w e bIRC page w h ich is at h ttp://irc.ful l circl e m agazine .org and it w il lal l ow you to inte ract w ith our IRC ch anne lfrom w ith in your w e b brow s e r.
Friday 21s t D e ce m be r.
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- Robe rt Cl ips h am m rm onday@ ful l circl e m agazine .org - M atth e w Ros s i podcas t@ ful l circl e m agazine .org Sam ue lBarratt Robe rt Cl ips h am D anie lCoh e n Ph il ipp H รถh n Andre w M in Vid Aye r Nicol a Cappe l l ini Ryan H artl age D avid M aino Andre w M in Jam e s Savage
Jonny D ove r M atth e w H ol de r Rich ard M il l s Al e x Rus s e l l Jam e s W il l iam s
And our th ank s go out to , th e and th e m any trans l ation te am s around th e w orl d.