FUNDACJA
AKTYWNI
W
EUROPIE
HATE. I'M AGAINST!
publication
Fundacja Aktywni w Europie (Poland)
Hakkari Ăœniversitesi (Turkey)
Asociatia Tineri Parteneri Pentru Dezvoltarea Societatii Civile (Romania)
This publication has been realized with the financial support of the European Commission (Erasmus + Programme). It reflects the views only of the author, and the European Commission and the National Agency for Erasmus + Programme is not responsible for the information contained therein.
Project
"Hate. I’m against" was a common project of young people from Poland, Turkey and Romania. From 19th to 26th of April 2017 youngsters from Fundacja Aktywni w Europie, Hakkari Üniversitesi and Asociatia Tineri Parteneri Pentru Dezvoltarea Societatii Civile took part in the international project, financed by Erasmus + Programme – HATE. I'M AGAINST. Project was organized in Poronin (Poland) - small town, located in Tatra Mountains. The main goal of the project was to discuss and rise the awareness about topics such as: hate, hate speech – especially on Internet, discrimination, xenophobia and racism and how to prevent such a negative phenomena in our countries and local communities. During 8 days of international youth exchange, young people actively participated in thematic activities, integrated with their peers and gained new skills, knowledge and attitudes. During the meeting, participants of the project organized a happening "Hate. I'm against" in Zakopane and photo shoot #nohate. The events expressed opposition to negative behaviors such as xenophobia, discrimination and racism. Through participation in the project, participants became more open-minded, tolerant and aware of the scale of problems related to the hate and hate speech. Youngsters could improve their language skills, gain knowledge about different cultures and make new, international friends.
Hate. I'm against! When we are born, the first thing we learn is to love the people that care for us. To appreciate the good in people and to do no harm to anyone. Why promote the exact opposite? Hate is the extreme feeling of disgust and dislike. The pleasure of pointing out someone else’s flaws and showing their mistakes is the only thing that breaks down a community of people. Each of them, even though they have been taught to love and appreciate, now viciously criticizing each other.
We consider this phenomenon as cruel and unacceptable. It does not represent the environment where children can grow and it is not a society that can evolve. Just because you have an opinion or you can write something on the Internet, it does not mean that other people will be happy to hear it. If you do not have something nice to say, you should keep silent.
Hate. I'm against! It is said that young people should be the ones to fight against the old problems and fix the world. The truth is that every person is responsible for the world we live in, but the young have more influence, especially in the virtual world. Fighting against haters is not easy. There are many of them everywhere in the world and they are spreading their hate towards other people. The young should start creating communities against haters and promoting them so that more people become aware of the importance of this matter. People from all around the world should gather and fight against hate. It will be like a revolution that can change the world.
As young people searching information on the Internet on a daily basis, they inevitably see negative comments and hate speech. It is a fact that for now cannot be avoided. Unfortunately, some children can get interested in this kind of activity and are easily influenced by it.Â
Hate. I'm against! In this way, children are taught not to develop their own opinion, but to plagiarize someone else’s. They are surrounded by information that contains violent language and shared negative ideas that they cannot understand yet. This is a dangerous environment where children learn to judge people for their appearance, religion or sexual orientation. This way of considering the world has a bad influence on young people and does not allow them to grow and shape their character as intelligent people looking for the good in others.
The young should react and not support this. This is the world they live in and they have the responsibility to make it better. It is true that every person has the right to have an opinion and to express freely. What is more, nobody has the right to forbid that to anyone. Consequently, people can express themselves, but it does not necessarily mean that they should direct their hate towards others via Internet. The young generation should keep haters under control by suggesting and promoting punishment against them. Making the Internet a safer and clearer network means changing opinions and erasing the past to make room for a brighter future.
Hate. I'm against!
We think it is worth reacting because everyone deserves a chance to change for the better. We should be patient, but we should also take into consideration that maybe haters have their reasons when they start such a situation or speech. You never know a person’s intentions until you listen to them. In conclusion, hate is an inevitable feeling for some people. They cannot help themselves but criticize those who are better. We should evolve and promote acceptance and patience. We have to make people understand that they cannot hate once they listen and accept each other. As John Lennon once said: “Don’t hate what you don’t understand”.
Hate on the Internet Hate on the Internet today is a very difficult problem. We hear about it in almost all social media. Haters have appeared on the Internet and mostly they are the people who criticize other people or their work, but not in a smart way but using mainly offensive language. Hate has become a common way to use unpunished abuse in conversation, comments or discussions. Haters are jealous of the achievements of others and they try to pick on to every detail and point out put all the weaknesses to someone.Â
Hate on the Internet differs from constructive criticism in this way that the hater wants to destroy their victims at all costs instead of giving feedback. We think that hate was created by the Internet anonymity as it provides a tool to offend people without consequences. In our opinion, the fight against violence on the Internet  is very important aspect for young people, because the violence on the Internet can bring about unpleasant effects such as depression or even suicide. No hater is aware of harm they can cause to others. Haters cannot call themselves strong people because if the person's strength does not mean looking down on other people but helping them.Â
Hate on the Internet When we talk about forms of hate we must not forget about socalled "trolling". A "troll" is a person who does anything to annoy the other person. When the "troll" succeeds in offending others it makes him or her  satisfied. Teasing other people and trying to arouse their anger by expressing false beliefs are in fact meant to harm the troll's victims. Trolling is often hard to distinguish from just a regular hate, but the final effect is the same. It mainly harms people who are  mentally weak.
Young people, who often share pictures, are usually the main target of haters. Therefore, they should put some limits on uploading things they want to show to others. What is more, in today's world not everyone likes the same things. There are many opinions and the people who give these opinions are not always  aware what language culture means. Hate seems trendy, which leads to situations that aggression is recognised and cheered on.
Hate on the Internet However, We are totally against this kind of fashion. One of the most effective ways to fight haters who share pictures is ignoring them. Then the person bullying others does not get any satisfaction and becomes easily bored with the victim. Unfortunately, this method does not work in every case, because not everyone can stay calm reading negative comments on themselves. A good way to fight with haters is deleting comments and blocking these people.
Hate speech can be defines as a kind of racism, intolerance, and incitement to hatred. Currently hate speech is used more and more often and it affects many aspects of life. One of the most popular issues publicized  on the Internet is a problem of refugees. Many people, in fear of different religion and customs, call for hatred against refugees. The second most common target of hate speech are homosexual persons. Haters cannot tolerate love between people of the same sex, which often leads to insults and even violence. In my opinion, people who share hate speech on the Internet encourage other people who are less familiar with the topics in question to get involved in the circle of hatred.
Hate on the Internet Young people should respond to violence on the Internet. First of all, they should not get involved in malicious discussions. Paradoxically, a good way out is simply ignoring malicious comments or we can just respond to them with a great kindness which can lead to misleading and confusing the haters. In my opinion,  the person who is experiencing violence should get support and, if necessary, such a person should report everything to the police, because violence on the Internet is a crime. Young people who notice hate on the Internet should immediately react. Consequences of reported hate can be punished by law. Haters are forced to remove malicious comments, they can  and pay a fine and even end up in prison. Victims of hate speech often receive apologies, malicious posts are removed and they can start leading normal lives.
The source of hate speech Hate speech can be defined as spoken or written insults connected with discrimination of people. It expresses judgement and hatred towards others on the grounds of different national minority, religion, skin colour, sex or sexual preferences. Typically, aggression and insulting language dominate the verbal expression of the speaker. Everyone can be a victim of hate speech, for example authors of articles, people who comment on different things on the Internet. Hate became a sad business card of the internet. It is a really big problem as hate speech moved from reality to the Internet where people feel more anonymous and they think that they can't be punished. No matter how much negative speech there is, we should fight with it even by a single post or comment. A website which uses hate speech can be called "haters" website.
The source of hate speech
Social media became must-read for haters. There we can find a lot of hate speech which is out of word control. Differences of ways to express themselves are the main reasons of problems for teenagers, for whom it is difficult to accept that they are learning with black friend or new girl in they class is atheist. That situation shows how young people aren't tollerant and it leads to use insults to humiliate other person. Other reason is that haters feel that they are stronger. Insults are supposed to give them feeling of superiority and are aimed at impressing their friends. The next reason is boredom. Young people are often narrow-minded limited; they are not involved in their passions. They just spend their free time surfing on the Internet wasting their time which can tempt them to hate. They are often jealous and greedy which is manifested in their unjustified criticism and hostility towards others. Â
The source of hate speech
The source of hate speech on the Internet is so popular because more and more people have an access to the Internet. A lot of young people relieve their emotions on the Internet as they want to feel more appreciated by others or they just want to kill time or have fun. Hardly ever people who criticise on the Internet present constructive criticism. Hate on the Internet is so popular too because there are a lot of programmes on difficult issues on the Internet right now.
Very often people publish movies which ridicule others, sometimes people do something stupid and publish it to make other people laugh or to offend this person. They generally have fun because somebody made something stupid. People hate persons who stand out, for example the ones who have different style of clothing or differ in any way from the others.
The source of hate speech People use a big dose of hate when it comes to difficult issues such as  politics, problems with refugees, death penalty, abortion and crime. People also use hate on the Internet as they want to prove they are right, however they do it in a wrong way. They have poor vocabulary, and they hate because they think that they are anonymous so none of them will bear the consequences. Unfortunately, hate on the internet became something normal and people start accepting this type of behaviour.Â
People know exactly that they do not get banned from chats because as I have written before, this type of behaviour started to be something acceptable so people just do not pay attention and ignore it. Hate is common all over the world because people for example from Poland can watch movies made by people for example from America or Germany. Of course they publish vicious comments in English because majority of the Internet users can speak or write in English language.
The source of hate speech Fight with phenomenon of hating is very hard because firstly, people think that they are anonymous, therefore they think that they are untouchable. They think that nobody will do anything, nobody will remember about it just because it is only "criticism". Secondly, fight with phenomenon of hating is hard because it is a big challenge to find a person who used hate speech towards others on the Internet. To find the person in question somebody needs a lot of money and a lot of free time.Â
Fight with this phenomenon is difficult because hate is more and more popular among young people and children using hate speech without their parents' knowing what their children do on the Internet. Parents are too permissive and they don't have time for their children. Therefore, they just let them sit in front of the computer screen without any parental control. Fight with hate on the internet is also a big challenge because a lot of people encourage others to spread for example racist or political slogans.
The source of hate speech Generally, people share everything on the Internet, they use it as a diary, for example uploading pictures on Facebook, writing blogs, so they make it easier for haters to comment the contents of their pages. It is easier to hate somebody than to write something positive. People prefer hating, because this is their fun or even their hobby. It is popular to hate popular music artists or actors, because these people often have problems in their private life, they use drugs, drink a lot or have love affairs. These are easy and catchy topics for journalists  so there are many articles on the Internet under which people can post comments without any legal consequences due to the fact that there are so many comments that they can easily get away with responsibility. Fight with phenomenon of hating can be exceptionally difficult because if hating has such a high scale, it can be expected, that in the future it will be only worse.  What is more, it can have disastrous consequences leading for example to depression, suicide or mental problems. Hate speech on the Internet is so widely spread that people started treating it as a normal phenomenon and they don't see a point in fighting it.Â
The source of hate speech
People see that nobody is held responsible for offensive comments so they just ignore these types of inappropriate behaviour. Definitely, it all has gone too far, a lot of people think that it is too late to do anything with hate on the Internet. Why do we feel anonymous on the Internet? It's not true that we are anonymous on the Internet. If someone thinks that they are anonymous just because they haven't signed their comment with a name, he or she is mistaken.Â
They can be anonymous only for people who read and write comments. Whatever we do on the Internet, it always stays there so we have to think twice before we leave any comment or perform any activity there. It does not only apply to crimes on the Internet but also to offending other people. People should be aware that whatever they do on the Internet can be used as evidence for the police or prosecutors who often turn to the Internet providers for personal data. Every computer has its own IP address so all Internet activities can be traced.Â
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet Opinion of the Turkish group:
There is no doubt that, all around the world the most important things are tolerance and respect. First of all we must be respectful to each other. If we cannot be respectful to ourself, we also cannot be respectful to others. Instead of making distinction among people we must try to create a nice world.Because all people are free equally. As a result we live in the same World so all people should be respectful to human rights. As a react to hate speeches we shouldn’t react in the same way they do. Generally everybody does same things. But the most important question that should be asked; How can we react to prevent these negative behaviours? We shouldn’t look at world as an egoist We must live freely and fraternal. We should keep away from haters because if we exclude them, they will get worse and worse. All around the world victims of war and hate speeches are more than others. But we must say that is it worth to do? All opinions must be listened and must be behavioured tolerantly.
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet The Internet has been spreading on our life during last twenty years. So old generation cannot use the internet fluently. Communication on the internet is a communication that can be misunderstood easily so it should be given differrent courses about using Internet to new generation to make them more effective on using internet.Â
Social media networks such as facebook, instagram twitter, snapchat, periscope should be sensitive about racisim, hate speeches, difference on religions and also differrences between sexuality. There are most of important and attractive responsibilities  that parents also have. The biggest one is controlling their children during using Internet. It is clear that Internet has effect on childiren’s brains and also opinions about racisim and the other titles.
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet Using Internet in bad way, may cause permanent damages on childiren who live all around the World. Certainly, these damages effects the public as well. It is not possible to remove this effects totally, but we can prevent them as possible as we can. This approach starts by one person and then it spreads out among the universal. We must see this situation as a task. First of all these positive situations must be adopted and lived. we can compare it with love.
The more we share the more it spreads and we can see it even through our cells.The hate speeches and hate mails create violence. If we don’t want to encounter with these negative behaviours , we should keep away from these speeches. In the twenty-first century communications facilities have develop a lot. Because of these facilities we encounter people’s negative behaviours.
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet We must encourage the tolerance and friendship to express our thoughts and beliefs freely. For a lovely world among people don’t be distinction. Tolerance is a moral virtue best placed within the moral domain – but unfortunately it is often confounded with prejudice. Tolerance is difficult to define, which may have led to limiting the study of tolerance in psychology in favour of studying prejudice. But, unlike prejudice, tolerance can be grounded in the moral domain which offers a positive approach to examining relationships between groups of people who are different from each other.
One of the best ways to show respect for someone is to truly listen to another’s point of view. Obviously, we’ll not always agree with one another on every topic (and you should never adopt a point of view with which you do not agree), but we should allow each other to have and express our own views. Respect is one of mankind’s most noble sentiments. The highest levels of respect are always earned – never given. This is true of self-respect as well as respect for others. Before granting the highest level of selfrespect or respect for others, make sure the person is worthy of the honor.
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet Opinion of the Polish group:
For many years there have been many social problems with which we should fight, for example wars, poverty, homelessness and many others. Some of these social problems have existed for hundreds of years or even longer, but there are some social problems that have come up relatively recently. With the development of the Internet, in the age of social networking sites, there has been a new problem of cyberbullying, hate speech and other negative behaviours on the Internet. To be able to talk about this topic in a fair way, we think it is a good idea to start by explaining the term "hate". This is a form of deviant behavior in public web discussions.Â
It consists in using an abusive language, a scornful evaluation of phenomena, insulting both the interlocutors and various other subjects, and expressing aggression and hatred at their address. Â
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet The phenomenon of this type, negative comments do not carry any substantive content, they are only a form of aggression directed at an individual or a group. This kind of behavior on the Internet is mostly characteristic for young people and in political discussions, but there are many exceptions to this rule, of course.Â
In the 21st century, Internet access is not a problem for anyone, we have Internet access on computers, phones, in restaurant, public places, other mobile devices or even in tv. We are online practically all day and all night, use of Internet has become an inseparable part of the day, like morning Coffee or watching the Champions League on Tuesdays and Wednesday.
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet Of course, the Internet offers many positive opportunities, for example finding information for learning, talking with friends, listening to songs of our favorite singers, watching movies or meeting new people and many others, but also it poses many threats for example negative comments, lack of freedom of speech. This part of the Internet is very dangerous and certainly everyone had the opportunity to face it, not necessarily in person.
As young and active citizens we should try to solve this problem. One of many possible options is to change the law to be more restrictive because the perpetrators feel anonymous on the Internet and completely unpunished, which gives them the courage to do so. There could be many more specialized institutions fighting violence and aggression on the Internet. Another way to prevent such behavior is to change the minds of young people (because they are primarily affected by this problem) to make them more aware of the possible consequences through various social campaigns, educational meetings with school psychologist and the police. Then they could be informed that they can be punished despite apparent Internet anonymity and they would be shown what harm they can cause to others. Through such an approach to the problem people would change their ways of thinking.Â
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet If we want to fight with negative behavior on the Internet better, more effectively and on bigger scales, we should get to know the problem at the source. Therefore, we should talk anonymously with young people starting from children in elementary schools using surveys. Such actions will make it easier to understand the reasons why young people become haters. There should be compulsory teacher training on how to recognize and help a child who has been vicitimzed by cyberviolence etc. Lectures and training on similar subjects should be organized for parents. Such actions would probably reduce the causes and consequences of negative behaviors on the Internet. Most Internet users are just passive observers of such behavior, which does not help in solving the problem. Anyone who is a witness of such a situation should join in, be interested in the matter. Every single person should react somehow, either notifying the appropriate services or if he or she knows the victim or the aggressor reporting it to school or parents whose job is will to punish attackers and warn them about consequences and of course, provide help for the victim.
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet
Opinion of the Romanian group:
In this day and ages, the Internet has become a necessary source of information and a simple way to communicate. Unfortunately, it also represents the medium through which some people can post negative comments on specific topics or people. On a daily basis, anyone can read and post different types of articles which attack other readers.
We consider that we can manage to minimalize the number of haters on the Internet by preventing the new generations to join them. It could also be possible to punish the ones who promote these types of activities.
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet
Firstly, new laws regarding the people in matter should be introduced. Penalties such as restricted access or considerable fines may be able to stop some hates from their activity. What is more, the young will not be tempted to start practicing this. It prevents the spread of hate and allows them to create their own positive opinion or means of expressing themselves without being disrespectful or callous.
Furthermore, the idea of advertising the eventual causes of hate and its consequences. People need to know that this has become a problem and that more and more citizens are affected by the careless and offensive attitude of haters. In this way, people become more aware of the importance of respecting the law and will be an example for their children.
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet
As the new generations are taking over, the change will probably start with them. They should be given a good education in order to understand our world and to make it better. Active young citizens should approach this problem on a different level. They are more active on social networks or other sites so they can get to the root of this issue. By tracking those who are involved in this type of negative activity, they can make an agreement and they may get them on the right path. Moreover, by reading all the posts regarding hate speech, young people can make their own argument and counterattack haters. By creating a group and supporting their ideas, they can take down the aspect of hate speech and the harm done to others.
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet Furthermore, to get a suitable education on how to defeat haters, the young should be well informed. They need to know that it is not all right to judge a person by their appearance or skin colour and that they should have the chance to know them. They should be raised to believe that their body is not who they are. It represents just the shell, the faรงade that every person has.
It is not our essence as there is more to a human being than physical appearance. The young do not often know that people are categorized by labels. We should teach them to erase these stereotypes and accept others for who they are. In this way, when the new generation will rise, the world will become safer and a more pleasant place to live in.
Prevention of negative behaviours on Internet In addition, people should know how to react when they are a witness to a negative behavior online. They should take attitude and face haters by telling them that they are wrong. Also, they should denounce the action they notice so that the people responsible for bad behavior are punished accordingly.
In conclusion, negative behavior could be easily minimized if people would act and not just continue ignoring such a serious issue which clearly affects the world around them.Â
Dictionary Anti-Semitism - Â hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group. Â It may also include prejudiced or stereotyped views about Jews. It may take the form of proclaiming the inferiority of Jews or efforts to isolate, oppress, or injure them. In history, basing upon stereotypes about Jews resulted in many acts of violence, intolerance and mass extermination during World War II. Chauvinism - it is the strong and unreasonable belief that your own country, race, sex, age etc. is the best or most important than the other. This attitude is characterised by exaggerating one's own merits at the same time denying its negative traits. Chauvinism is also associated with hostility towards other groups and different approach towards one's own group. It means that the chauvinist will over exaggerate negative traits of strangers and denying their merits.Â
Dictionary Christianophobia - it is animosity towards Christians or an irrational hatred of people who believe in Christianity. In many countries around the world Christians are persecuted or even murdered because of their faith. We can also talk about christianophobia when we refer to negative emotions, discrimination of prejudice against the Christians.
Civil rights - Â contrary to human rights, they must be approved by the government. They are the rights of individuals to receive equal treatment (e.g. in education, employment etc.) regardless of their sex, race and religion. These rights can differ substantially in different countries. Civil rights are usually granted by the constitution or other important legal document.Â
Dictionary Cybercrime - it's a crime committed by means of computers or the Internet. When the Internet became important in our lives at the same time it became the tool of negative activities. Examples of cybercrime are: hacking, phishing, data theft, spamming or piracy. We can also say about cybercrime with reference to distributing illegal materials such as viruses, pornography etc. One of the examples can also by cyber violence, that is using the Internet to harass, stalk, discriminate and offend, people and organisations.
Discrimination - marginalisation of people on the basis of their race, sex, religious beliefs, sexual preferences, etc. It can be a direct exclusion or worse treatment (e.g. higher requirements at work, offering lower payments etc. ) of these people only because they somehow differ from others. We can also talk about discrimination when one group is granted more privileges while the rest is marginalised (e.g. voting rights only for white people). Discrimination is against the law and human dignity.
Dictionary Exclusion - it's a form of discrimination, the act of not allowing someone to take part in an activity or to enter a given place. Exclusion does not allow a person or community to take part in economic, cultural or political life. In the past centuries mostly the women were excluded and some people were deprived of full rights because of racial or religious reasons. However, exclusion does not have be seen at first glance. For example, poverty may be the cause that some people cannot afford to take part in cultural life or to get a good education. Exclusion can also sometimes have some subtle forms. We can also talk about exclusion when a certain group is not represented in media, social projects or culture (e.g. literature) because of their sexual orientation, sex, religion, level of wealth etc.
Dictionary
Freedom of speech - Â it is the right to express one's opinions and ideas without fear of being persecuted or censored. It results from the right to have one's own world view. Thanks to the freedom of speech we can comment on and have an influence on the government's decisions. Freedom of speech is sometimes limited by law or by customs on the assumption that one cannot harm other people. Sometimes certain forms of expressions or discussing certain topics are socially unacceptable (eg. in some countries it is forbidden to talk freely about prolife institutions or about same-sex relationships). We can also mention contrary behaviours when people, especially artists, often exceed taboos, undermine traditional values, overuse religious symbols. In both cases we can talk about attempts of attacks to freedom of speech. Â
Dictionary Hate - intense aversion and extreme hostility towards somebody or something. It is connected with our negative emotions. We cannot control our emotions so when we only feel them it's not something wrong. However, we should keep asking ourselves if we feel hatred, whom or what we hate and what is the reason we feel so. Hatred can never turn into aggression, because it leads to conflicts and destroys us. It's up to us what we do with our emotions.
Hate mail - it is a mail full of hate speech, in which a person is being offended and humiliated. It does not only apply to emails, but also comments on Facebook, Youtube or other sites. Addressees of hate speech are not only discriminated people, but also artists, actors, sportsmen, politicians. Hate mail can be created out of sheer hatred but also sometimes out of recklessness.
Dictionary Hate mail - Â it is a mail full of hate speech, in which a person is being offended and humiliated. It does not only apply to emails, but also comments on Facebook, Youtube or other sites. Addressees of hate speech are not only discriminated people, but also artists, actors, sportsmen, politicians. Hate mail can be created out of sheer hatred but also sometimes out of recklessness. Â
Hater - a person with an unfriendly and critical attitude towards others which stems from the willingness of expressing negative emotions or causing deliberate harm to other people. Hater's actions are not always connected with real hatred but also they can be a kind of game or just a pastime. Hater often says or writes unpleasant things about someone or criticizes their personalities, possessions, achievements, especially on the Internet.
Dictionary Homophobia -  negative attitudes and feelings, contempt, prejudice or hatred towards homosexuality. It can  be based on irrational fear, and is often related to religious beliefs. This term is also defined as intolerance and violent acts against homosexual people. Apart from hate speeches, verbal and physical abuse or discrimination directed against homosexual people, we can also mention here dismissing these people from work, or denying them the rights to get married or adopt children. Â
Human dignity - the idea that a human being has an inborn right to be valued, respected and free of slavery, manipulation and exploitation. Dignity of a human being is a source of their rights and it's primal. It means that human beings deserve unconditional respect, regardless of age, sex, health status, social or ethnic origin, political ideas or religion.
Dictionary
Human rights - Â fundamental rights that people have by the fact of being human. The rights apply to a person
Indifference - Â it is the
(the right to live, the right to speak freely, the right to have a good life),
attitude of people who, for
politics ( the right to decide about
the sake of their own safety,
one's own country, the right to take
don't want to react or get
part in manifestations, the right to support or criticise the government, the
involved when they witness
right to associate and set up
violence or intolerance. In
organisations), economics, culture and
this way they show lack of
social issues (e.g. the right to education and health protection). Human rights are the most important of all other rights.Â
interest and concern for others. They just don't care.
Dictionary
Internet anonymity - Â when we talk on the Internet we don't have to provide our personal data and our picture. It can allow us to be more honest. In this way we can also speak directly. However, what we say is sometimes detached from us so there is a higher risk of being misunderstood. Internet anonymity can also lead to hate, humiliation
Internet forum - is an online
of others and quick and unfair
discussion site where people
judgments. We have to remember
can hold conversations in the
that Internet anonymity is only partial and a person who posted a comment can be easily found.Â
form of posted messages. It provides an online exchange of information between people about a particular topic. We can find there questions and answers to many different topics. In most cases, these sites are monitored by a moderator to keep the content appropriate.
Dictionary Internet safety - this term can be understood in many ways. First of all, it applies to protection against malicious software in order to avoid password and personal data theft. Â It is also the Internet free from cyber violence and hate speech. We have to protect the kids from its content and also remember that although the Internet is useful for work and learning it can also be used for wrong purposes and it can lead to addiction. It's us who have to take care of our own safety.Â
Islamophobia - it is animosity, prejudice, hatred and fear towards Islam followers. It can stem from different reasons. Sometimes, it will be an extreme case of chauvinism based on stereotypes. In other cases it has its roots in negative experiences (e.g. terrorists' attacks). However, bad experiences will be assigned to all Islam believers in advance. This over generalisation leads to the conclusion that all Muslims are terrorists and they threaten the western democracy. Islamophobia is a source of violence towards Muslims. Â
Dictionary Prejudice - Â an unfair and unreasonable opinion, feeling or attitude towards others, usually formed without just grounds, thought or sufficient knowledge. Sometimes we form a set of beliefs about a certain group of people either attributing to them positive qualities or on the contrary, we can have irrational suspicion or hatred of this particular social group. It can lead to preferential treatment to some people and unfavorable bias or hostility against others Private sphere - Â it is up to each individual what will be a part of their private lives and what will have its place in a public sphere. Each person has a right to privacy, that is a part of their life in which they enjoy their authority. Sometimes some organisations try to restrict this right and require people to keep their opinions, beliefs or information about their relationships private. Â
Dictionary Racism - Â the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics, abilities, or qualities specific to that race, especially in order to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races. It can also be defined as prejudice or discrimination against someone of a different race based on the belief that one's own race is superior. Racism led to race segregation (the USA), apartheid (RPA) or even mass extermination ( Third Reich). Racism was condemned by UN, UNESCO and other international organisations no sooner than in 20th century.
Respect - an attitude towards other person. It is usually connected with a feeling of admiration and esteem for someone elicited by their abilities, qualities or achievements. People respect others who are impressive for any reasons. Respect can also be defined as the feeling people show when they accept that different customs or cultures are different from their own and then they behave towards others in a way that would not cause offence.
Dictionary Responsibility - the state or fact of having a duty to cope with something or of having control over someone, the ability to take decisions and face the consequences if anything goes wrong.Â
Sexism - prejudice or discrimination based on sex. It is the belief that the members of one sex are less intelligent, able, skilful, etc. than the members of the other sex. Sexism can affect either gender, but it is particularly documented as affecting women, which has been linked to stereotypes and gender roles. In most cultures and civilisations power was connected with sex. A man was usually the one who had a power and he had to provide for his family. Women used to stay at home taking care of household duties, bringing up children etc. They also used to be controlled and they were often victims of violence. In today's world women sometimes are paid less than men for the same work, or they cannot be promoted to a higher position and that's sexism.
Dictionary Stereotype - a set ideas that people have about what somebody or something is like. It is usually over generalisation about a given group and it does not usually have any solid grounds. When we judge somebody (e.g. representatives of other nationality, culture or religion) without thinking or without any proofs then we simply use stereotypes. Stereotypical thinking about others is usually harmful and it does not show complexity of problems. Stereotypes are beliefs which are widely held and fixed in a given culture. We tend to accept them without any reflections.
Tolerance - the ability or willingness to accept and respect behaviour and beliefs that are different from our own, although we might not agree with or approve of them.
Dictionary Understanding - the power of comprehending others, a state of cooperative and mutually tolerant relations between people. We will never be anybody else, we will not 'walk in someone else's shoes', but we should do everything to understand this person. On one hand, understanding is knowledge and information from a trusted source, and on the other hand it is art of thinking with other person, listening to them and showing empathy.Â
Victim of hate speech - it is a person who have experienced negative comments, unfair judgments and verbal aggression from other people who are intolerant of this person because of his or her apparent cultural, worldview or only alleged difference. Everyone can become victims of hate speech. It can be a religious person who is attacked by people who are hostile towards religion, or a person who has different sexual orientation than majority of society, people representing conservative attitudes or their extreme opponents. Victim of hate speech can be someone who have been attacked personally and also when the attack was directed at a whole group this person belongs to.Â
Dictionary Victimisation - a process of becoming a victim. It is connected with bad, unfair treatment of a person or his or her exploitation.
Xenophobia - a fear, hatred, prejudice, dislike of foreigners, people from different countries, cultures or their customs, religions and beliefs. Xenophobia is like racism, but instead of fearing or distrusting people because of the color of their skin, you fear or distrust them because of their nationality. It often leads to aggression or violence and it is often explained by taking care of one's own culture and tradition.Â
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