Future Visions @ Istanbul by futurevisions

Future Visions @ Istanbul

ITU Architecture Faculty 2016-2017 Fall Semester Architectural Design VII Ayşe Şentürer & Ozan Avcı

editor: Tayfun Saman

PARTICIPANTS: Ayşe Tuğçe Pınar . Baran Aybars . Cağla Keleş . Can Metin . Duygu Saygın . Emirhan Kurtuluş . Mert Zafer Kara . Murat Usta . Özlem Yazgan . Sedanur Albayrak . Sedat Gölada . Serdar Ayvaz . Suzy Legile . Tayfun Saman . Tuna Öğüt

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 City as a Dwelling - Mert Zafer Kara. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 - 29 Make-Space - Duygu Saygın. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 - 43 Everyone partied and no one cared. - Tuna Öğüt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44 - 53 The Travel-Pass.er’s Hub - Ayşe Tuğce Pınar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 - 71 d(R)ift+Construction of Experience with Data - Baran Aybars. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74 - 85 Connective Sequences - Suzy Legile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88 - 93 Society Passage - Çağla Keleş. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96 - 117 Future Visions at Ihlamur - Sedat Gölada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 - 125 Urban Backyard in Altunizade - Murat Usta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .128 - 135 Noah’s Ark - Serdar Ayvaz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .136 - 143 Interface Ümraniye - Can Metin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146 - 159 Museum as Playground - Sedanur Albayrak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 - 169 Re-System - Tayfun Saman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172 - 183 STATION.UMCS (Urban Multiplier Correlative Spaces) - Emirhan Kurtuluş. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186 - 221 City at once. FUTURE now. - Özlem Yazgan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222-233 Studio Diary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .234-235 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236-237

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PREFACE:

FUTURE VISIONS @ ISTANBUL New Urbanity & New Architecture – City as a Place of Social Development The aim of the Studio is to look for the different, emerging modes of life and their architectural interventions. For this purpose it walks through the border-lines of city/life, architecture and architectural design representations; additionally, it looks for the future visions of them... The idea of ‘designing through the border-lines of the city’ gives us the opportunity of working on the critical problematic and promising sections of life and city, topography and architecture… This approach, also, calls different modes of representations to disclose and understand these problematic and promising virtual and actual, visible and invisible conditions, facts of city. Looking for the future visions makes design thinking more open, imaginative and projective. Within the scope of city as a place of social development, future commons, social interactions, spatial usages in public and private life are taken as one of the important problematics of todays’ city... This vision also pushes the research on spatial configurations and re-programming in architecture… It also supports the approach: designing through the border-lines of the city. Therefore, the theme of the 2016-17 fall semester of the Studio has been announced as FUTURE VISIONS @ ISTANBUL: New Urbanity & New Architecture – City as a Place of Social Development [right after the 2015-16 fall semester looked for similar projections for New York City.] Studio will look for the new, future modes of metropolitan life and their visionary architectural projections supporting cultural/man-made and natural environments. It will especially concentrate on housing, work space and public spaces, and their hybrid constructions… Istanbul with its ancient roots and metropolitan conditions will be very good site for such kind of investigation and design research to think about Future Visions. To do that, Studio applies different representation techniques. Architectural-cinematographic section is one of these techniques, which applies ‘montage’ in cinematography and ‘sectional drawings’ in architecture plans and sections or any kind of sectional work. X-ray drawing is another one of these techniques to emphasise the multi-layered character of space, to catch and disclose visible and invisible situations, layers and connections of city. Briefly border-lines of urban life and architecture! Besides, studio concentrates on material and immaterial, virtual and actual, sensational aspects (material, technology, and poetics) of architecture.

ALTUNIZADE . AYVANSARAY . EDIRNEKAPI . IHLAMUR . KAVACIK . MASLAK . SIRKECI . TOPKAPI . UMRANIYE . YEDIKULE

make-scape

Duygu Saygı

1_first observation collage

‘’hakiki zaman süredir. ele geçirilemez, bölünemez. tam bir değişiklik halidir.’’ ‘’zaman anları asla birbirine eklenip toplanamazlar ... ‘’g e ç m i ş , halde(şuanda) belirerek geleceği oluşturur ‘’ Bergson moments of time are infinite particles, and they make sense on their own. d. ‘’we experience time as fragments that pass us and immediately vanish.’’ Inhabiting time|Karen S Franck every present moment disappears before the next, and now a new moment begins, it becomes a new moment. infitinite moments of time the infinite moments of time, the infinite times of rebirth, change without ceasing. We can not talk about progress towards the future or the past because every moment has its own time inside. every change is new. new, birth and re birth. d. ‘’süre: arasında olma, aralık olgusu ile üst üste düşer’’ Sınır Boyları|Prof.Dr. Ayşe Şentürer The projection of the concept of ‘inbetween’ on the space is borderline. These areas may be intervening, separate or non-one-sided areas. Mekan bu anlamda süreyle çarpıştırıldığında, arada olan mekan zaten arada olan süreyle genişler, ait olmadığı noktalara uzar ve ayırıcı özelliğinden gevşer. d.

2_idea diagram

‘’Mekan zamana açıldığında dönüşüme ve yeniden biçimlendirilmeye uyumlu hale gelir, özelleşir ve tekilleşir.’’ Sınır Boyları|Prof.Dr. Ayşe Şentürer The non-characterization of the time-widening boundary space is shaped by the identity of its surroundings, so belongs to both sides. This, in turn, creates a new function in the city, creating a coexistence. d.

‘’hakiki zaman süred i r. ele geçirilemez, bölünemez. tam bir değişiklik h a l i d i r.’’ Bergson

t i m e is spreading through infinity. it speeds up. it is changing. ‘’now we experiendce time as fragments that pass us and immediately vanish.’’ Inhabiting time Karen S Franck

‘’Kent, kenti kullananlara her türlü temsil, üretim ve paylaşım için uygun platformlar önermelidir.’’ Sınır Boyları|Prof.Dr. Ayşe Şentürer On this point, places of encounter are created and these conflicts creates new. Every moment of time is ‘new’ itself by creating it, so this borderlines, so this borderlines starts to produc ‘time’ also. A space created time, and a space created from time. There is no final product in this process, which proceeds in the cycle of infinite change / transformation. d.

roads

city walls

coal gas factory

yedikule dungeon

A large vehicle road that separates the two sides from each other by restricting the passage, which forms the boundary between the demonstration area and the ramparts.

On a close scale: a park that does not serve exactly the purpose of one side - industrial ruins on the other side. On a remote scale: a boundary that has lost its purpose,a historical value has two neighborhoods with social life on both sides.

Un-functioned and abandoned. And an industrial urban memory

An enge that must be overcome to reach the dungeons from the gas house, A vehicle path that creates a critical union with the dungeons, which allows the limited walk on the sidewalk with the banquets.

İsmet Sungurlu’s House

Has hosted a multitude of ethnic identities. it has attracted the attention of the cinema and television industry, which is important in terms of the relationship established with the dungeon in a historical neighborhood that creates historical memory.

İsmet Sungurlu’s House In a historic neighborhood ,with most of the restored houses ,still have neighborhood associations and the stairs were the meeting place of the neighborhood.

Yedikule neighborhood

Yedikule, an old Greek city, is one of the rare places where the concept of the neighborhood still continues. Nevertheless, over time the change of the social circle has also affected the local culture. There is a famous barber who still gets red eggs in every easkaly from his old Greek neighbor.

Yedikule Dungeons

In fact, it was made to meet the guests of Byzantium and the members of the foreign palaces in a magnificent way. Following the conquest of Fatih by the city, 4 more towers were added with 3 more names. The towers were used as dungeons during the Ottoman period. Recently, dungeons used as open air museums are not used

İstanbul City Walls It is a city defense wall built around Eastern Istanbul during Eastern Roman times. The additions made in time, the destructions, the repairs have become what it is today ... It is now a lost historical value. At the same time, it forms a border situation in the city with its integrated and high structure. Many of the doors that provide access to the sides of the rampart are in a closed position. The historic Golden Gate is located between Yedikule

Kazlıçeşme Marmaray Station

Sirkeci - Halkali Suburban Train

Historical Yedikule City Gardens

It was one of the main transport lines of Istanbul, starting from Sirkeci which is the European side of Istanbul and serving up to Halkali. It took 47 minutes for Trenin to get out of Sirkeci and get to Halkalı. However, the train line, which was opened with the opening of Marmaray in 2012, is still out of use.

With more than 1,500 years of history, the bostons have been faced with the danger of becoming a rubble pile for a large park project while the famous fertile agricultural areas are being cultivated, and a city solidarity has been formed in order to protect the gardens.

The Marmaray project, which links many points on the city scale, is a borderline between the coast and the inner part of Kazlıçeşme.

Güntekin Sokak,

which divides the walls of the city, also forms a boundary between Gazhane and Yedikule Dungeons and reduces the communication between the two historical values

onaltıdokuz istanbul

are the residences of about 130 m in height, which have taken its name from the idea of framing the scenery they see. They disturb the silhouette of Istanbul in terms of their location. Therefore, even if the last few floors have been reported to be demolished, these unrealized, silhouetted skyscrapers have been added. It is the first step in the urban transformation projected to be done in Zeytinburnu.

Yedikule Gasworks

Kennedy Street

It is a vehicle road that surrounds the historic peninsula, which was constructed as one of the urban regiments conducted by the Democratic Party in 1958. The coast has been filled in order to be able to make the road. In the following years, the roads were built on the beach side and parked for public use. However, mountain access is only provided from one point.

The gaswork which was put into service in 1880 was the first gaswork factory established for social purposes, producing lighting. The most important reason for the establishment of the factory in that location is the relationship with the sea, but this relationship has been cut with the filling fields currently in the sea. In 1993, the use of natural gas started so they closed together with other gasworks.

4_perceptional mapping

3_archicine section of site

free spaces With a view of the residence, between a large gap and a vehicle path a green area becomes a picnic space.

5_transportation map

In the late 1950s, Millet Caddesi, the oldest transportation line in the direction of the city regulations, carried out by the Democratic Party, was rearranged and Vatan Street was opened as a new transport line parallel to it. The history of these streets has been directly influenced by the population in the half-island region, and the growing population has suddenly started to rise. The population of Zeytinburnu, which was 89,397 in 1960, was measured as 289,685 in 2015. Zeytinburnu became district in 1957, was known as a slum region until the 1990s. ‘’1990 yılından sonraki nüfus artışı gecekondulaşmanın yavaşlaması ve mevcut gayrimenkulların tapu sorunlarının büyük bölümünün çözümlenmesi nedeniyle ruhsatlı binaların yapılmasına bağlı olarak yerleşim alanlarının açılmasından kaynaklanmaktadır.’’ (Zeytinburnu İlçe Portalı) The region was also evaluated by the opening of Marmaray in 2013 and the connection to Zeytinburnu by Kazlıçeşme stop. Nowadays the population of the district is increasing with the Sriya immigrants. The transportation of the district is provided with tram line north of Semte transportation, IETT buses in the south, and Marmaray. In addition to these, transportation is also provided with the dolmush. The suburban train line which was working between Sirkeci and Halkalı until 2012 was closed due to the opening of Marmaray and still does not serve today. Causing the people to walk to the Sirkeci or Kazlıçeşme Marmaray stops, which constituted a constraint to meet the transportation needs of the people.

Historical Yedikule City Gardens

Sirkeci - Halkali Suburban Train

onaltıdokuz istanbul

Yedikule Gasworks

6_syntheses

7_historical transformation map

ONCE UPON A TIME Today’s demonstration area was a housing zone until 1980s. Also the number of the gasworks increased and decreased by time with changes of energy which city needed.

In 1670’s, from Piri Reis’ Map, the city walls was a protector of the site but today it has lost its purpose. Also the end of the city walls was meeting with the sea in 1670s but it has lost its connection because of the additional land application.

8_historical transformation sections

This mapping shows the transformation of the area since 1946. While it was a low density district, today its built worlds increased with the increasing of the population.

9_user scenario diagram

9_scenario ideas

scenario

programme the production ?

The production areas are spatialized by the re-functioning of the historical buildings and the attachments done to them, and that seperated spaces comes together with the industrial lansdcape arrangements. The gasworks area will be refunctioned as workshop area. The city walls and its surroundings are used for agriculture facilities. agriculture/kitchen, textile, wood, metal, artworks, information,

the education ?

A training environment is proposed, based on the principle of information sharing, in which the public can learn the information they need to learn to meet their production needs and that the tutors are available but differentiated from the school or course thinking.

11_idea collage

10_master decisions

After the current situation assessments, the future life has tried to be predicted: The population resident after the continuation of the Marmaray line and the newly added public transport lines, settling after urban transformation, the locals still living in the historic Yedikule neighborhood and Kazlıçeşme, remnants of unreturned Syrian immigrants will create a new community. Today, there is a disjointed situation on community due to the coexistence of different identities. So, it is attempted to create a new locality where these different identities can coexist by interfering with the social situation which will become more complicated in the future. A spatial situation is defined, that is shaped by all the needs and occurrences. The new community, the concept of ‘connecting’ and doing this based on the ‘production’ represents a moment of time individually. Every piece of the uture, as time, constantly produces itself and therefore the space.

sewing

hand crafts

painting/drawing art

fashion design sewing room design studio

wood atelier

showroom podium

hand embroidery

classes-embroidery, knitting

metal atelier

free studio

weawing

craft

open sculpture studio

cutting atelier

oil painting studio

private artist studios

montage atelier

dyeing studio

material store

craft learning classes

traditional drawing arts studio

production showroom

material store

experimental drawing studio

production showroom

private artist studios

presentation saloon

3d printer atelier

open sculpture studio

cutting atelier

private artist studios

montage atelier

material store

craft learning classes

production showroom

material store

open studio

material store production showroom

production showroom

looms room design studio

glass atelier

material stores

glass furnace

private artist studios

glassblowing/forming studio

material store

craft learning classes

production showroom

material store production showroom

PERFORMATIVE ATELIER sewing drama studio

music studio

dance studio

open rehearsal saloon

instrument room

latin dance saloon

rentable rehearsal saloon

choir rehearsal room

modern dance saloon

talk room

rhythm room

ballet saloon

costume studio

free studio

folk dance saloon

changing rooms

sound recording studio

rentable saloons

make up rooms

private artist studios

handcraft

drawing/painting

drama music

material store

13_areal section

dance

14_accessibility plan

12_programme details

ATELIERS

15_function plan

0 m 20 m

ARTS&CRAFTS

GASTRONOMIC

GATHERING

PASSING

exhibition art and craft works

farming cooking&eating

square

short passing

art and craft works exhibition observing

farming &cooking walking around

square

bicycle passing

picnic

experience passing

SPORTING

eating

SHOPPING

skating skateboarding

indoor shopping

free sport activities

bazaar

experience passing

2_storyboard

16_routes

running

17_section decisions

borders

expanding borders with activities

creating spaces based on activities As its tall and thick, the city wall is an obstacle for passages. It has doors on it but they are closed today. Within the project that door are opened again and emphasized with new structures added to city walls. The animal shelter is moved to an other part of the park, so the animals could be more related with the new area and also the borderline situation is broken. The height difference is a border with seaside and the site. With bridge connections from the site, the land is expanded towards the sea. 19_diagrammatic spatial plan

EXPANDING BORDERS In the section from city walls to sea, the borders are obtained. The aim was the expanding that borders with given functions and space qualities.

0 m 10 m

19_diagrammatic spatial section

The area has tought to become a pruduction land with its all industrial and historical exixtence. So, every ruin is refunctioned and new spaces are proposed. The site contains a large area, so in the design phase the routes, which are based on activities, are obtained and then the spaces located, and related to each other.

23_axonometric view of the site

22_gaswork factory re-use rendering

21_cultivation area rendering

20_development phases

25_facade working diagram

24_workshop area rendering

When we accept that time and space recreate each other, space can no longer become a constant mass. To provide changability to the space, moving facades are designed. It can be arrengable both open or closed; opaque or transparent. Also at some parts of the structure, the spaces can be moved on a rail way.

brassica napus | canola

It is decided to use yellow color in the field. because, yellow is the symbol color of temporality. This area has changed during history, and it will continue doing so. Within this project, a big step of new change is taken. Canola is a C4 plant. It means it is carbon sequestrant. To recover the industrial damages in the site, canola choosed to be used.

26_bazaar renderingkapÄą analysis

BECOMING SPACES

30 m

27_site plan

28_bb section BB Section 0m

DIFFERENT IDENTITIES Throughout the scenario, as different people comes together, at the project different materials and different structures also comes together. The cross steel structures are inspired from gasometer and bricks are a contemporary version of brick wall of the city walls.

The gaswork factory buildings are partly closed but generally opened for direct experience of the abandoned atmosphere. A ramp continues around the gasometer for people to experience and the plate moves up and down with a piston system.

29_aa section

Gasometer, the most attractive piece of the site was in the center. The site plan is arranged through the axes continues to it coming from the wall gates. Also, the city wall-sea axis is always kept important. Connecting the site with the sea as an extension of the axis, gives new perspectives to site.

10 m

AA Section 0m

10 m

ALTUNIZADE . AYVANSARAY . EDIRNEKAPI . IHLAMUR . KAVACIK . MASLAK . SIRKECI . TOPKAPI . UMRANIYE . YEDIKULE

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Noahâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Ark

SuperNature Model for Istanbul in the Antropocene Serdar Ayvaz

ALTUNIZADE . AYVANSARAY . EDIRNEKAPI . IHLAMUR . KAVACIK . MASLAK . SIRKECI . TOPKAPI . UMRANIYE . YEDIKULE

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ALTUNIZADE . AYVANSARAY . EDIRNEKAPI . IHLAMUR . KAVACIK . MASLAK . SIRKECI . TOPKAPI . UMRANIYE . YEDIKULE

Re-System

Tayfun Saman

Future from Global Perspective

Speed of Consumption Social

Loss of Ownership /Loss of Authorship

Population Growth Refugee Crisis Digitally Connected Socialy Disconnected

TECHNOLOGICAL STEEP Complex World

Economics

Luebkeman states that the complex world should be understood in five aspects: social, technological, environmental, economic and political (known as STEEP)ยน. The future vision should be created as an image interacting / speaking about all these aspects; otherwise, they would not go beyond the limits of shallow speculations. Another point is that future vision should involve the critics of today such as global warming and its results such as shortage of drinking water and raise of the sea level, the pollution in natural resources especially at oceans, the population growth versus limited natural resources and the refugee crisis. However, all these concepts cannot be thought without seeing the possibilities of Digital Revolution. The future is strongly connected to the Digital Revolution (Third Industrial Revolution). As First and Second Industrial Revolutions changed the life and physical environment immensely, the third one is going to result in the world which is beyond our expectations. 3-d printers, drones, virtual realities have been just started to show what future holds via technology. Therefore, the assumption that the technology aspect of complex world of future will dominate shape the other aspects would not be wrong at all.

Humans

Free Society

Global Warming Pollution

Environmental

Loss of Materiality

Future

Global Citizen

Economic Crises Computational Design

Politics

Design

Material Engineering Synthetic Biology Additive Manufacturing

First Industrial Revolution (Industrial Revolution)

Second Industrial Revolution (Technology Revolution)

Third Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution)

Mass Production/Mass Consumption Single Use Buildings

City Zoning

Communication Thing of the Internet of Things

1. Luebkeman C. (2015, July/August ). Can You Imagine?. Architectural Design. 85(4). pp. 8-19.

Unique Identity Sensor/Sense Remote Controlling

Monitor Things Human Interaction

Play with Things Control Things Manage Things

Third Industrial Revolution (Digital Revolution)

Serach for Things Speed of Communication

Data Cloud

Algorithmic City 400 Exabyte = 80 times of book stacks from World to Pluto

New Economic System

Technocracy Drones

Mass Customisation

Local Production

Augmented Reality

Hologram

3d Mapping 360 degree Videos 3d Volumetric Charachters

Architecture

Hybrid Use Open Source of Architecture Building Design Organizationa Design Interactivity and Changability

Visual Operative

Location Time Group

1_Conceptual Research Diagram

3d Printer

2_future image When the Spanish government banned the public protests near public buildings, the activists orginized a virtual protest with the contribution of public via web cams saying â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;We are not crime.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; There are so many possibilities of technology for the future beyond the todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s popular perception for the future.

5_future image public space and technology

4_future image mass customization in architecture

Japanese culture and aesthetic values are totally different than the western perception of the life. The daily routines / habits are schoking for the rest of the world. Sleeping in the public areas such as metro stations or streets are quite normal for the Japanese; however, in the western culture sleeping in front of public is seen as weakness. The future will change the social perceptions and routines. Japanese life style is an example how to break the conventional life perception.

3_future image virtual interraction

The future will be dominated by the technology. The virtual realities, 3d printers etc. will change the way human live and percieve the life. The new real will be the virtual.

rth No

Critique against Todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Urbanism and Architecture of Istanbul

M ar aM ar m Proposed New City

y wa or ot

Istanbul Grand Airport

Maslak

rid

3rd B

Built Environment

Kana

6_Istanbul mapping

l Riva

N Built areas Main Arteriers

7_Image of rethinking Istanbul for the future (Abstraction of today)

Central Business District

l Ä°s

tan

Todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban spaces mostly shaped by finance and related sectors under neoliberal policies do not have spatial quality on the street level for pedestrians especially in Central Business District such as Levent and Maslak. The street levels are seen as gaps for cars and parking lots. Public spaces like squares and the streets provides such encounters among different demographic groups and creates the heterogeneous structure of the society and humanity; however, the common spaces of central business districts are the cafes and restaurants or shopping malls which filters society according to their income levels. Also, the building typologies are evolved in the way which the building does not have any contextual relationship with the city and its surrounding, instead it creates an artificial and isolated world inside. These filtered environments via turnstiles and securities causes corruption in human relations which brings about cracks in social structure, human forgets being a social creature due to money based self-interest structure of homogenous users of CBDs. Though their edge relationship with natural spaces like forest such as Maslak, every single piece of land is covered with concrete under the name of urbanized society of 21st century; thus, human is inserted artificial bell jars without any relationship to real nature. The green roofs and the trees in vases do not represent the real. Additionally, the green building certificates are about some criterias related to energy and resource consumption-savings but not about the things which human can perceives or relates. Another problematic in central business districts of Istanbul is the urbanism and planning issues. Due to rapid urbanization and development, the central business district zones are not planned in proper way which creates huge problems in basic infrastructure and service functions such as parking and food services. The lack of such needs are met by improper solutions which causes conflicts in these zones and reduce dramatically the quality of life especially for pedestrians. The future concept should find a way to organize spaces which remind human other social values which are not measured with money, it should be also as much as natural which shows the alternative way of living for dealing consumption-based life style.

Maslak

Tarabya 2012

Urban Renewal of Derebent Maslak 1453

Urban Renewal of Cendere Valley

MASLAK

minutes wa 10 lk

Mashattan 2007

İstinye Yatch Park 2012

etro statio mm n fro Levent

The metro station is one of the critiques of the site since most of the users of the Maslak choose the metro as transportation in their daily routine. Therefore, the metro station has the real potential because it is the public space where every user meets and shares the experience together. Secondly, the variety of users is another critique point. There are the big student communities due to colleges surrounding like ITU, YTU and some private collages. There are the white collar working class of the plazas, the repairmen community in Ataturk Auto Industry, the residents living near neighborhoods both from local community of previous illegal settlements and gated communities, the shoppers and tourists visiting the shopping mall.

Taksim

Haliç Metro Bridge 2014

Yenikapı

35.000 residents Natural Border Vulnerable

Previously Informal Irregular Unearnd Income

4.000 residents Banned Natural Protected Vulnerable

Finance High-rise Brand Dense Scarcity of Infrastructure

Istinye Sahil

Istinye

Urban Gap

Istinye Konaklari

500 m

İstinye Park

Maslak

Military Zone

Ayazaga

Belgrad Ormani

8_Istanbul’s critiques _metro line mapping

Şişli/Mecidiyeköy

9_Archicine section from Istinye to Ayazaga

Maslak has most of the characteristics mentioned previously as CBDs. It is located at the north part of the city where the Northern Forest starts and covers the whole north part of the city until Black Sea. Additionally, ITU Ayazaga campus and the military zones have the natural life with low density settlement. Although, the surrounding areas are very green and natural, Maslak Plazas region is very artificial and far from human and nature scale. The unplanned rapid development of the area has caused the scarcity of the required infrastructure and social services. The solutions are generally insufficient and improper. One of the most crucial character is that there are limitation-filtration of people everywhere via security and turnstiles. Additionally, the functions and the spaces are very zoned and inward oriented such as the ITU Campus, Maslak Plazas Zone, the gated communities, a luxurious shopping mall, vast military barrack. Even though the variety of functions and users, everything is too much heterogenic but too far from possible-promising hybridization.

16.500 residents Shopping Bourgeois X-Ray Filtration

Gated Community Natural Small Scale Bourgeois Vulnerable Street Culture Enclosed Community Low Density Green Planned History Transformation

Encounter Yatch Park Transformation Touristic

Sarıyer

İstinye Konakları Atatürk Auto Industrial Zone

10_Function mapping of Maslak / Isolated blocks

İstiny e

Maslak Plazas

Istanbul Technical University

Military

Beşik

taş

FSM

Expensive Lunch

Bri

Insincere Working Environment

Spine Tower 202 meters Unplanned Urbanisation

Scarcity of Infrastructure

Filtered Society

Hacıosman

Darüşşafaka

Central Location

Atatürk Oto Sanayi

High Accessibility

İTÜ Ayazağa

Sanayi Mahallesi

4. Levent

Gayrettepe

Şişli/Mecidiyeköy Vast Natural Eniıronment Controlled Gate

Osmanbey

Low Prices Taksim

Vezneciler Yenikapı

Planned Campus

Şişhane

Collectivism

11_Collage of site critiques of Maslak

Levent

Conceptual Approach Today’s life is too much discrete in terms of daily activities; working, relaxing, sleeping. Most of individual’s time is spent in their occupation. Some of the people do not like working life, since they do not feel comfortable with working environment, colleagues, and the hierarchy. Too much stress and competition exist in today’s system of working life. Additionally, because of discrete specification of jobs makes people feel confused and lost. They cannot associate the things done by them with whole which is improving or contributing the humanity. The concept is strongly connected to these issues, due to the project site, Maslak which is one of the business districts of Istanbul. People need a place for relaxing, a place for spending nothing or doing nothing, contemplating, sharing, learning, being part of collectivism, remembering being human. Even though being next to each other physically, the students and office workers have nothing in common except using the same transport, the metro. Should the future involve both or think them as they are now?

Production

Metro Connection Corridors Basin

12_First idea collage

Recreation

Parametric Design Vessels

Continuous Surfaces Diffrentiated Zones Working People

Water

Circulation Physical Production Food and Energy

Residents

Synthetic Is the future vision a counter rejection to system? Biological Technology provides great benefits and improveSurfaces ment to humanity; however, individual is becom-

Park Meditation

Semi-Living Organism

Water Distribution Station

Platforms

13_Program Diagram

Students

Transport

Artists

Production Zone Corridors

Living Forms

Recreation

Kitchen

The contrast between two profiles also appears in their physical environment. One is aggressive, showing the power against nature and its factors (beating the nature), covering all the surfaces with concrete-man made materials for civilizing; though the other is using modest approach, leaving natural surfaces exposed.

Passerby

Bridges

Biophilic Design

ing more and more isolated, digitally connected does not mean socially connected. One more time, one of the crucial parts of being human is social cooperation. Today’s evidences for future shows the loss of social part of individual which result in loss of meaning of life.

Edward O. Wilson states in his book ‘Biophilia’ that human identity affiliate to nature (other living systems) instinctively. Today’s concrete world should transform itself into this form for human’s well-being physically and mentally rather than evaluating green architecture with certification. The future design should cooperate with other living system rather than using-consuming them. The structure dispersing like a gas in urban tissue can counteract the system, join people, give them pleasure and well-being. Technology can provide the necessary dynamism and inter sections. The intersection of biology and technology called as synthetic biology can be the key for the future life since it involve both of the concept and hybrid them to produce the unconventional future.

14_Sketch from First Ideas

Water is tightly connected to both future and space itself. Maslak means water reservoir in Ottoman language since water from natural water reserves from Northern Forest was collected and distributed to the city. Additionally, the shortage of drinking water in the future is one of main topic of future debates. Both humans and living systems need water for existence. So water can be joining element for the profiles of peoples and other living forms.

15_Photomontage 1

Bakery Cafe Restaurant

Market Technology Experience Store

Parking Lot Parking Repair

Bridges

Cistern Garden Energy&Resource Production Surfaces Of Containers

Performance Hall

Meditation Hall Praying Room

Incubator Hall

16_Temporal Program

Studio

Art Corner/Gallery Artist Residencies

Observation Deck

Re-System The structure â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Re-Systemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is a self-functioning urban system injected/settled in a non-place where the roads surround and caused no pedestrian movement. The injection has the strong connections to the city and the urban tissue it belongs via metro tunnel, pedestrian pass on the road level and overpass bridges. The circulation through the system is connected to main receivers are the place of activity and recreation. This circulation is creating publicity in different levels such as main hall sunken at metro ticket hall level, paths and the roof level bridge. The upper structure/parasol has an organic form which is evolved to collect rain water and transmit to the underground water supply via cisterns. This structure is a continuous of surface and the ground touching points are the cisterns which carry the upper system. Under the upper structure the void is the main value. This void (semi open) has the market hall, services such as restaurants and cafes, performance space, the meditation cocoons, circulation paths. The ground of this void is an organic and continuous topography which creates/evolves necessary volumes-surfaces via topographical movements with holistic approach. In this void, closed volume functions as incubation hall which brings university and business sector together, the temporary accommodation units, the art residency and studio. The enclosure is a neutral surface contrasting with organic topography of the ground. The main hall also includes the other living systems as vertical gardens which feed the market hall; additionally, the roof has the algae farms which provide energy production. Therefore, the self-sustaining system via physical production of food and energy in the real core of the city is established next to virtual production of knowledge in incubation hall.

17_Project development / Working on sections

Entrance from

Maslak Streets B R I D G E

Isolation Observation Deck Surfaces of Room Containers Praying Meditation Park Rooms Garden Studios Hall B R I D G E

TUN

Entrance from

Technology Experience Center

Cisterns

Artist Art Corners Residencies / Galleries

B R I Performance Hall Foyer

D G E

Incubation

Meeting Energy-Resource Hall Rooms Production Accomodation (Hotel)

Entrance from

18_Program

ITU Gate

B R I D G E

Metro

NEL

Restaurants Cafes Bakery Market

Entrance from

Bus Stops

Entrance from Riding Facilty

Entrance from Public Library ITU Campus Research Center Kindergarten Technocities

I D B R

Parking Lots Entrance from Car Repair

Car Park

Agrotourism

During the project development, sections are the main tools since the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s typological character: the void is the main value of the space which is built by the cisterns. Continious urban surface melts the surrounding, users and the nature. One of the main design decision is having a oasis for pedestrians in the middle of the center of the city. Since the project site is surrounded by roads with weak pedestrian movement, the isolation from the road level is another main decision, the space sunks in the middle of the roads to the level of main ticket hall for strong connection to pedestrian life. One of the main design decision is having a oasis for pedestrians in the middle of the center of the city. Since the project site is surrounded by roads with weak pedestrian movement, the isolation from the road level is another main decision, the space sunks in the middle of the roads to the level of main ticket hall for strong connection to pedestrian life. Another idea is that the structure should not be lost due to the huge scale buildings surrounding. Therefore, the upper structure / parasol has an large scale creating a visual connection for the city, emphasizing the underground life below it.

20_Photomontage

19_site plan

22_Photomontage

21_Axonometric view

23_Section

Entrance from Hybridization/Combination of functions, users Maslak bridge and the pace/rhythm of the life provide the new routines, typologies and experimentation for the future. The extremes come together; fast and slow life, production and recreation, the farmer and the artist, contemplating and working, being sunken in the topography and being at the roof top, attractive and modest, day and night, natural and synthetic. Re-System is the future. The mosquito biting the city, the root grasping the earthâ&#x20AC;Ś

Walking through Market Hall

Walking through Performance Hall

Climbing the paths watching the Void

24_Storyboard

Strolling through algae farms

ALTUNIZADE . AYVANSARAY . EDIRNEKAPI . IHLAMUR . KAVACIK . MASLAK . SIRKECI . TOPKAPI . UMRANIYE . YEDIKULE

STATION. UMCS [Urban Multiplier Correlative Spaces] Emirhan Kurtuluş

0.VISION

The vision is a kind of intervention on what is ttgoing on. It is not a static representation of the future as a prediction, but it is a formation. The intervention may not be directly related to future, but it vitally directs the future. It sprinkles in time. It draws a persperctive, creates a point of view.

2_image with concepts

1_first day sketch

Thinking about future -the vision- is to produce about future. Meditating about it is a kind of injection on what is going on. A method. Giving it a movement, creating a vibration, changing/directing the process itself. That moment is a line simply, a border maybe. A border that is loosening and tightening… Nothing will be the same after passing over the line, and on the line… Everything blurs then…

4_about the sites_ Ä°stanbul Walls

3_about the sites_Ä°stanbul

6_about ht e sites_KavacÄąk

5_about the sites_YenikapÄą

7_analytical approach to İstanbul SITE SPECIFIC Most of the districts like Kavacık or Ümraniye were created after the second bridge construction, thus, the expansion toward the north is not unpredictable due to the third bridge.Besides, the city center is shifting to the north. For example, Ayazağa/Maslak that is developed after construction of FSM Bridge became the central business district of İstanbul, the old trade center Eminönü lost its reputation.

Kavacık has a specific settlement order. Although it is a “new” district - it mostly developed after the construction of FSM Bridge-, it has not a strict grid plan or another ordinary planning scheme. The topography highly affects the settlement order here. Likewise, the existtence of the forest has an similar impact on that issue.

Both the topography and the forest as the natural components of the city, have remarkable effects on expansion and development of built environment.

Therefore, Kavacık is becoming more central for İstanbul with creation of new transfering networks. The new plazas are rising and the house prices are increasing in the area.

8_analytical approach to Kavacık

Kavacık has a quite important characteristic for the city. It is almtost central point of the “new” İstanbul that consists of Europe and Anatolian sides and numerous roads connecting them to each other, both geographically and perceptively. The current highway and the bridge constructing in the north side of İstanbul have great impacts on expansion of the city toward the north like the old ones.

10_archi-cine section_3 characters

9_diagramatical mapping

11_diagramatical image 12_diagramatical models 13_archi-cine section_juxtapositions in Kavacık

Both the topography and the forest as the natural components of the city, have remarkable effects on expansion and development of built environment.

14_film scenes

1.KAVACIK The city is a living organism. It is influenced, it is deformed and reformed. It transforms with insertions and interventions on usual practice. Bridges, roads, buildings, differentiating life style... All change the city forever.

16_Kavacık effect

All things make Kavacık an amalgamation pot. Different kinds of essences are juxtaposed and superposed here.

Expanding towards the north. Differentiating character of the city. Multi-centricity, newborn centers.

Position of Kavacık. A transfer line, an intersection point. Centralization.

Heterogeneous character of the area. Disconnection between the neighborhoods. Formation of the fabric by the “road” fact.

17_heterogeneity in Kavacık

The district called Kavacık belongs to Beykoz Municipality on Anatolian seaside of İstanbul. It is located in the Anatolian side footing of the second bridge of Bosphorus, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge. It is nearly a geographical center of İstanbul; furthermore, it is getting the center of İstanbul perceptively due to the new highways that connect everywhere to everywhere -especially, the second and the third bridge connection-. It works as a transfer point between the new and the old, the real and the fake parts of İstanbul. It is a real node. It is a door to the north, it is a door to the east. The roads, intersections, junctions and transportation have a great dominance on the characterization of Kavacık. They define the profiles, the architectural typologies, everyday practice of life, the nature of the act. The high plazas are rising between the squatter settlements. Central business district is moving to there. The new universities carry their campuses to Kavacık. The profiles are interfusing in each other. They are juxtaposed. The city is getting complicated. The fabric is getting heterogeneous. The scale is differentiating.

15_İstanbul effect

İstanbul is changing; new centers, new routes, new acts are defined day by day. The number of the bridges on the Bosphorus line is increasing. The place called “İstanbul” is replacing. The city is expanding and shifting. The new parts are being created, new districts, and new life forms.

“The article” might be a building. Then, the users or the objects are the particles. They share same place via building and they have something common. They are negotiated. “The article” might be the city. The roads, the squares and the neighborhoods may be the particles. Then the scale of the relation between the particle, and the relation between the article and the particals change. The toleraTnce, and the formation style of the relation may change. “The article” might be the time. Then, the time plays a linker role like the other exemplifications. This time, the relation between the particles created by the article is more ambiguous. When the scope of the time and the ambiguity is considered, the variety of the particles and the relations can be enhanced. The interaction between the article and the particals are not unilateral. While the article is making the parts negotiated, it is also differentiated by the participation of each particles. There is a circular formation between them. In one sense, “the article” that makes “the parts” correlated, is a thing that associate, integrate and connect. It is embodied with its own temporality and spatiality. Then “the article” can substantiate all the exemplifications. It is something like a building when it enabled space for activities, or a city when it synchronized with the surrounding, and the time when it associated the things sprinkled in time. In sum, “the article” establishes a mutual relation between “the independent particles” and correlate them. The parts are the partners no longer. Association is an awesome potential!

21_article-particle relation diagram

11_film 18_building possibility of the scenes article

There is a correlation between the holistic and the partitive things. “The article” is something perpetual and multiaxial (non-linear). It goes on. “The particle” is just something. “The article” and “the particles” interacts in different times and forms. “The article” makes “the particles” negotiated and an unprecedented relation is established between “the particles”, via “the article”. The relation is defined by “the article”, it is not independent from “the article”, but it is separate.

20_time possibility of the article

19_city possibility of the article

2. ARTICLE -PARTICLE RELATION

* Article ** Particle

22_archi-cine section through the road 23_archi-cine section from the site

3. SYNTHESIS In Kavacık case, the dominance of the heterogeneous features is highly important. The things are superposed and juxtaposed. The users and non-users(!) of the site are in communication with each other. Kavacık is an “article” with numerous particles. Its heterogeneity is created by its own nature. That stems from its location, its centrality, its roads, its traffic, its profiles....

Too many people are passing through Kavacık. They give something and take something. It is an absolute article-particle interaction. The relation between “the particles” is the key of architecture. The program of the site depends on that issue. It is about revealing the own potentials and the unprecedented relations via bringing the particles together and making the place an article.

The aggregation of things, the blurred perception of presence and new defined relations between the independent particles. It is an time-space proposition. The architecture may emerge as a kind of “station” here. The station is the architecture of the correlation and union, the space of the motion.

24_archi-cine section from the site

25_archi-cine site plan

27_collage_general view

26_collage_station through the passers-byâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eye

28_mapping on green entity 29_section on green entity

4. GREEN EFFECT The site that the project is proposed is located just around the intersection of Kavacık. The place that is the starting point of concretion. The main road that goes to the 3. Bridge from the 2. Bridge is in the heart of the site although it is taken to the underground fractionally. The chaos created by the numerous roads, junctions and the traffic has a great dominance on characterization of the site. The growing cancerous roads plows through the green since the 2. Bridge’s construction. Beykoz, Kavacık was known for its natural character, forests, rivers, recreation areas and amazing Bosphorus view. Today, it is known for its traffic and chaotic order.

The project aims to use this retrospection as an advantage for the spatial quality. The site is at the top geographically and just next to the forest as far as being in the heart of the intersection. The proposal is edited as a carrier of the green from the forest to the just mid of the chaotic intersection. The stress between these two characters is highly critical for the users as a differentiation in their daily routine. It is also important for the discussion of the place of the people, the car and the nature in the future’s urbanity and architecture.

The green is edited as a promenade that links the particles of the project and the site as well as being an experience multiplier. The promenade associates the programatic structures that are located different critical points of the site, creates a circulation route between them and makes the motion on the ground visible and perceiveable with its elevated structure.

32_site plan sketch

31_conceptual section

30_programmatical scheme

34_section diagram

33_section

36_detail sketch_interaction

35_section sketch

38_detail sketch_life in green

37_detail sketch_green system section

40_section sketch_2

39_section sketch_1

42_section sketch_4

41_section sketch_3

5. SPATIALIZATION

43_site plan

Besides the promenade as a linker, the spatialization of the program also depends on the the article-particle relation. The project aims to touch different critical points of the site. Most of them are the existing station points. Stations, transfer points and terminal are rich in terms of the potentials of diversity. The target is to regulate the motion in that specific site itself, inject some additional social functions to multiply the association, increase the potential of being together and create a new surface for the public usage. The space works as an “article” that negotiates the numerous “particles” that join it. Each site that the project focused on has its own micro characteristics.

The spatiality is fed from that variety of the specific site. Its natural and cultural characters; profiles, location, interface potentials and so on. The architecture forms as the discrete particles that comes together in that specific site. Each spatial particle corresponds a requirement in that place or an act that is proposed to be occur in that place or a multiplier of the experience or the interaction surface for the users who are just walking or driving car.

All these particles gains their characters from the juxtaposed entity of the specific site. The space correlates them to create a coincidence point and reveal the unprecedented relations between them. The composition makes that specific site “an article” with numerous “particles”.

46_user profile 45_axonometric drawing

44_storyboard

47_exploded axonometric drawing_particle 1

Particle.

48_exploded axonometric drawing_particle 2

Particle.

50_exploded axonometric drawing_particle 4

49_exploded axonometric drawing_particle 3

Particle.

51_plans

53_B-B’ section

52_A-A’ section

55_D-D’ section

54_C-C’ section

56_system section

The system enables soil to continue to the upper level and creates liveable environment for the plants. The pipes between the mineral pumps / water storage and the structure helps to transfer minerals and water to the top of the structure.

59_station through the passers-byâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s eye

58_festival in agora

57_multiplied space

62_urban platform

61_green experience in daily rush

60_freshening

62_station.umcs

Studio Diary _ 1st Jury

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Istanbul A to Z Special Issue, Istanbul: New Trends, ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, vol: 2, Fall 2004 Architectural Guide to Istanbul (Four books on Historic Peninsula, Galata, Bosporus, Anatolian Side, and Modern Istanbul), Batur, A. (ed.), Istanbul: Chamber of Architects of Turkey Istanbul Metropolitan Branch, 2005 Dünya Kenti Istanbul / Istanbul: World City, Batur, A. (ed.), Istanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yayinlari, 1996 İstanbul özel Sayısı, Mediterraneans 10, Brown, B., Belge, M. et. Al., Sonbahar 1997 Cogito: Yeni Istanbul, Sayı: 35, Bahar 2003 İstanbullaşmak / Becoming Istanbul, Derviş, P., Tanju, B., Tanyeli, U., Garanti Galeri, İstanbul, 2009 Küreselleşme Mekansal Etkileri ve İstanbul, Hacısalihoğlu, Y., Akademik Düzey Yayınları, İstanbul, 2000 Istanbul: An Urban History / Istanbul: Bir Kent Tarihi, Kuban, D., Tarih Vakfi Yurt Yayinlari, Ist., 1996. İstanbul’un İki Yüzü: 1980’den 2000’e Doğru Değişim, Sönmez, M., İstanbul: İletişim, 1996. Geleceğin İstanbul’u, Tekeli, İ., İstanbul:..., 1994. Mimarlık Dergisi, 316 (Mart-Nisan 2004), 349 (Eylül-Ekim 2009), 356 (Kasım-Aralık, 2010), 361 (Eylül-Ekim 2011) http://www.mimarlikdergisi.com/ Future Visions & City for the Social Development 1. [specific Istanbul...] AD Architectural Design, Special Issue: Turkey: At the Threshold, January/February 2010, Volume 80, Issue 1, edited by: Hülya Ertaş, Michael Hensel, Defne Sunguroğlu Hensel 2. [in general] Recombinant Urbanism: Conceptual Modeling in Architecture, Urban Design and City Theory, David Grahame Shane (John Wiley & Sons Publisher, 2005) Green Dream, Winy Maas and John Thackara R(otterdamn: NAi Publishers, 2010) There's a Future: Visions for a better world, N. Al-Fodhan ed. (especially S. Inayatullah’ s “Futures Studies: Theories and methods” s. 36-66, Madrid: BBVA. 2013] Vision 2020+ A Future to Be Built, A. Lara Bartolomé (BBVA,2015) https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/19_vision_20202.pdfB Brave New Now, Liam Young (Lisbon Architecture Triennial, 2015) Geological Imagination, Liam Young (Sonic Art, 2015) [some of Liam Young works could be followed from https://vimeo.com/user5313848/videos Under Tomorrow's Sky http://www.tomorrowsthoughtstoday.com/] Urbanology, BMW Guenheim Lab http://www.bmwguggenheimlab.org/urbanology-online http://www.bmwguggenheimlab.org/100urbantrends/#!/new-york-city/ Public Spaces. The New Inquiry, Droitcour, B. (2012) http://thenewinquiry.com/essays/public-spaces/ This is Hybrid, Mozas, J., Per, A.F. , Arpa, J (eds.) (Vitoria Gasteiz, İspanya: a+j arhitecture publishers, 2011) AD Architectural Design, Special Issue: 2050: Designing Our Tomorrow, July/August 2015, Volume 85, Issue 4, Issue edited by: Chris Luebkeman AD Architectural Design, Special Issue: Mass-Customised Cities, November/December 2015, Volume 85, Issue 6, Issue edited by: Tom Verebes AD Architectural Design, Special Issue: Architecture Timed: Designing With Time in Mind, January/February 2016, Volume 86, Issue edited by: Karen S Franck AD Architectural Design, Special Issue: Future Details of Architecture, July/August 2014, Volume 84, Issue 4, Issue edited by: Mark Garcia 3. [in philosophy] Human Condition 2nd edition, Hannah Arendt (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, © 1958, © 1998 ) The Practice of Everyday Life, Michel de Certeau (Univ. Of California Press, 1984) [Gündelik Hayatın Keşfi: Eylem, Uygulama, Üretim Sanatları (Dost Yayınevi, Istanbul, 2009)] A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia, Gilles Geleuze and Felix Guattari (University of Minnesota Press, 1st edition, 1987) The Informational City: Economic Restructuring and Urban Development, Manuel Castells (Wiley-Blackwell; Reprint edition, 1992) A Landscape of events, Paul Virilio (The MIT Press; 1st edition, 2000) Kentsel Devrim, Lefebvre, H. (S. Sezer, çev., İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık, 2014) Umut Mekanları, Harvey, D. (Z. Gambetti, çev., İstanbul: Metis, 2015)

Representation Questions of Perception: Phenomenology of Architecture, Hall, S., Pallasmaa, J., Perez-Gomez, A. (1994), Architecture and Urbanism: Japan. Architecture in the Age of Divided Representation: The Question of Creativity in the Shadow of Production, Vesely, D. (2004), MIT Press, USA. AD Architectural Design, Special Issue: Drawing Architecture, September/October 2013, Volume 83, Issue 5, Issue edited by: Neil Spiller Tersten Perspektif, Florenski, P. (2007), İstanbul: Metis Yayınları (©1989). Domus Magazine 956, March 2012 Rethinking architectural perspective through reverse perspective in Orthodox Christian iconography, Ozan Avcı, ITU A|Z Journal, Vol 12, No:2, July 2015. 159-171 Recommended Reference Books The Landscape of contemporary infrastructure, K. Shannon and M. Smets (NAi Publishers, 2010) Invented Eden: Techno Cities of the Twentieth Century, R. Karagon and R. Moella (The MIT Press, 2008) Infrastructural Urbanism: Addressing the In-between, Hauck, Keller, Kleinebort (DOM Publishers, 2011) The Landscape Urbanism Reader, Charles Waldheim, (esp. James Corner - Terra Fluxus) (Princeton Architectural Press, 2006) A Landscape Manifesto, Diana Balmori (Yale University Press, 2010) Landform Building: Architecture’s new terrain, Stan Allen, Lars Muller (2011) From object to field: field conditions in architecture and urbanism (http://lostritto.com/risd2013spring/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/allen1.pdf ) Groundscapes: the Rediscovery of the Ground in Contemporary Architecture, L. & A. Ruby, Gustavo Gili (2006) The Rise of the Network Society, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. I., Castells, M. (Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1996) The Urban Design Reader, Michael Larice (Routedge, New York, 2013) The Global City Reader, Brenner, N & Keil, R (eds.) (London: Routledge, 2006) The Endless City, Burdett R. & Rode P. (eds.) (Londra: Phaidon, 2007) Ecological Urbanism, Mohsen Mostafavi & Gareth Doherty (Lars Muller Publishers, 2010) Urban Design Since 1945: A Global Perspective, David Grahame Shane (Wiley, 2011). Integral Urbanism, Nan Ellin (Routledge, New York, 2006) Sustainable Urbanism, Douglas Farr (John Wiley & Sons, 2007) Ecology and Design: Frameworks for Learning, Bart Johnson and Kristina Hill (Island Press, Washington D.C., 2001) Geo Logics – Geography, Information, Architecture, Vincente Guallart (Actar, 2009) Self Sufficient City: Envisioning the habitat of the future, Vicente Guallart (Actar, 2011) Since Megalopolis: The Urban Writings of Jean Gottman, J. Gottman, R. Harper (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990) Aerotropolis: The Way We'll Live Next, Kasarda, J. & Lindsay, G. (Allan Lane: Kindle Edition, 2011) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo, Saskia Sassen (Princeton University Press, 2001) Globalization, Modernity and the City, Short, J. R. (Routledge Studies in Human Geography, 2012) Delirious in New York: A Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan, Koolhaas, R. (Italy, Monacelli Press, 1994) S,M,L,XL, OMA, Rem Koolhaas, Bruce Mau , Hans Werlemann (Monacelli Press, 1997) Mutations, Rem Koolhaas, Stefano Boeri, Sanford Kwnter, Nadia Tazi, Hans Ulrich Obrist (Actar, 2000) After the city, Lars Larup (The MIT Press; Reprint edition, 2001) Liquid Modernity, Z. Bauman (olity Press, 2000) 49 Cities, WORKac, Storefront for Art and Architecture (New York, 2009) On Streets, Stanford Anderson, ed. (The MIT Press, 1986) Organization Space: Landscapes, Highways, and Houses in America, Keller Easterling (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1999) Great Public Squares: An Architect's Selection, Robert F. Gatje, (W. Norton & Company, 2010) Architecture as a Habitable Medium, Diller, E., Scofidio, R. (2005), In G. Flachbart, P. Weibel (Eds.), Disappearing Architecture – From Real to Virtual to Quantum (pp. 184-195). Birkhaeuser – Publisher for Architecture, Basel, Switzerland. ... The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century. Çelik, Z., Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993 Rassegna Special Issue, İstanbul, Constantinople, Byzantium, Year XIX, 72 – 1997/IV Istanbul: Between Global and Local, Keyder, Ç. (ed.)(Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield, 1999) İstanbul Küresel ile Yerel Arasında, Keyder, Ç., Metis, Istanbul, 2000 Öncü, A. & Weyland, P. (2005). (eds.) Mekan, Kültür, İktidar: Küreselleşen Kentlerde Yeni Kimlikler İstanbul: İletişim Architecture in Turkey around 2000: Issues in Discourse and Practice, Korkmaz, T. (ed.), Ankara: TMMOB Yay., 2005 İstanbul'da Kentsel Ayrışma: Mekansal Dönüşümde Farklı Boyutlar, Kurtuluş, H., (ed.), Bağlam Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2005

Istanbul Maps Resources Üniversite, Belediye, Bakanlık/Kalkınma Planları vb kaynaklar, Istanbul in the Insurance Maps of Jacques Pervititch, Ersoy, S. (project co.), Istanbul, Tarih V.Yay, Istanbul Dergisi, 2003 İstanbul'u Haritalamak: 1990 Sayımından İstanbul Manzaraları, Güvenç,M., İstanbul Der.,No.34 7/2000, s.35- 40 Tracing İstanbul, Öner, M., Güvenç, M., Aslan, D., Derviş, P., Meriç, O.,GG, İstanbul, 2009

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