The Book - Studio 353 by Gaby Guevara

Hub For Civil Rights and Education gabriela guevara | studio white | spring 2022

Chapter 1: Introduction Legal Education and the Cal Western School of Law (Anjali and Maya) Cal Western School of Law (CWSL) California Western School of Law is currently located in downtown San Diego and is San Diego’s oldest law school. It was founded in 1924. They currently occupy three buildings on Cedar Street on the northern end of downtown near the I5 freeway. There are currently 670 law students enrolled at California Western with planned expansion to up to 1,000. The school is committed with providing a rigorous education to a diverse student body with an emphasis on experiential learning. The experiential learning is implemented through community clinics that serve underserved clients in the areas of criminal, immigration, trademark, legal aid, and internet law.

Rethinking the physical presence of the overall campus location can act as a catalyst in better serving the immigrants justice, protection, and upliftment to aim towards a brighter future. The approach to better serving the at-risk communities requires interventions integrating legal education practices and a sense of empathy towards human immigration and civil rights. The Cal Western School of Law is playing a crucial role in serving the evolving communities of San Diego and providing high quality education to shape future lawyers.

Aiming to represent the state’s diverse population, California Western Law School is training ethical, compassionate, and competent future lawyers in hopes of supporting underserved populations. With 41% of the 2021 student being ethnic minorities and 59% women, Cal Western encourages those who endure systemic challenges and aim to better the world around them. Cal Western offers scholarships and grants to students ranging in socioeconomic status opening the doors to lower income applicants. The site is in Barrio Logan San Diego, a neighborhood whose community is facing various challenges that students could be equipped to aid. Cal Western prepares its students to focus on immigration law and criminal justice by placing them in clinics located near the school to obtain practical work experience while working towards their degrees. Locating the campus in a community of those who lack legal aid gives students a greater opportunity for creating change. Cal Western offers its students many class courses, clinical programs and community law interventions which encourages students to give back to the community in which they are located.

Chapter 2: Problem Description: Group Legal Education and the Cal Western School of Law (Anjali and Maya) Cal Western School of Law (CWSL) California Western School of Law is currently located in downtown San Diego and is San Diego’s oldest law school. It was founded in 1924. They currently occupy three buildings on Cedar Street on the northern end of downtown near the I5 freeway. There are currently 670 law students enrolled at California Western with planned expansion to up to 1,000. The school is committed with providing a rigorous education to a diverse student body with an emphasis on experiential learning. The experiential learning is implemented through community clinics that serve underserved clients in the areas of criminal, immigration, trademark, legal aid, and internet law.

Legal Education The educational requirements to practice law in the State of California consists of several processes and requirements with varying academic standards to be met. While the California Bar Examination is the ultimate milestone to obtaining licensure to be an attorney, the traditional educational requirement entails obtaining a JD (Juris Doctor) degree from law schools registered by the State Bar (California-accredited) or approved by the American Bar Association (ABA). The JD takes three years to complete which follows the pre-legal education of College Level Equivalency Programs Examinations or at least two years of college in any given major. The most typical undergraduate majors choosing this path in California obtain a four-year bachelor’s degree in English, Business, or Political Science. This does not limit other majors to take up the JD program as an academic path to achieving licensure as an attorney. The state bar of California summarizes the following legal education options for eligibility to obtaining licensure: -Three or four years of study at a law school accredited by the American Bar Association (ABA) -Four years of study at a State Bar-registered, fixed-facility law school -Four years of study with a minimum of 864 hours of preparation at a registered unaccredited distance-learning or correspondence law school -Four years of study under the supervision of a state judge or attorney -A combination of these programs

The academic process requires a guided approach with mentorship; from graduate school all the way to becoming a practicing attorney. CWSL offers a variety of courses to cover ground on theoretical knowledge and practical application. Some of the traditional courses are offered based on the year’s curriculum. These are split into three years First Year curriculum: Foundational year with special emphasis on legal analysis, research, and writing to explore opportunities. The academic year is split into trimesters, some of the courses include -Civil Procedure -Contracts -Legal procedures -Torts Second and Third Year Curriculum: The upperclassman curriculum includes two important milestones which are the STEPPS program and the Clinical Externship Program. STEPPS includes a client-attorney simulation set up to practice law earlier in the educational years. Some other courses include -Constitutional Law I -Criminal Procedure I -Evidence -Legal Scholarship Training Seminar -STEPPS -Torts II

CSWL also focuses on clinics and assistance programs to provide opportunities for externships, and simulation based learning. The pro-bono programs excel in bridging the gap between the academic world and real time problems. Trial law is another essential part of the program to practice communication and real time delivery of arguments. Some of the Clinical Programs include -Access to Law Initiative -Competitive Advocacy Program -California Innocence Project -Pro Bono and Public Service Honors Program The ethos of legal practice can be found in academic initiatives that are taken up by the law school to shape lawyers that are rigorous workers, empathetic citizens, through the experience of obtaining a law degree at Cal Western School of Law. Experiential Learning programs such as law clinics, paralegal services, advocacy programs, community law projects etc. Aid in enhancing the legal education aspects that mostly pertain to minimum formal education requirements. Mass Migration and Underlaying Causes One of the primary areas that students dedicate time to on this campus are the experiential learning clinics that deal with issues of social justice and give the students an opportunity to interact with real clients. Given the schools focus on immigration related issues, the following research was completed to gain an understanding of the San Diego community and those clients the students would ultimately be working with. Research focused on five primary immigration related issues: crime and violence, environmental degradation, poverty and economic opportunity and immunity and elite indifference. Each gave us a basic understanding of why large populations are moving into the US and what needs to be done to create a desirable, welcoming environment. Crime and Violence -Comparisons between crime, specifically homicide rate, and rate of asylum seekers (per 100,000) in the countries listed -While not definitive, in general countries with higher homicide rates also see more asylum seekers moving to the US

Environmental Degradation -Attention to the mass effects of natural disasters on populations, and the # of people displaced by environmental disasters; categorized by the worst natural disaster in the country -Natural disasters have played large role in the displacement of large populations -There is evidence that many of the countries with the most asylum seekers in the US have also experienced high population displacement from natural disasters Poverty and Economic Opportunity -Poverty rates have been shown to be very high among the countries studied. Some correlation between Poverty/the lack of economic opportunity among countries and asylum seekers can be seen with some countries but not all. -Poverty rates are even among the countries studied, but countries with the highest rates of asylum seekers also tend to have higher poverty rates. Impunity and Elite Indifference -We studied the rates of infant mortality to see if that too was an underlying cause -There is a slight trend between infant mortality rate and # of asylum seekers, however some countries with few asylum seekers still see very high infant mortality rates. Comprehensive Findings The identified causes do a good job of describing some of the reasons people are seeking asylum in the US, however there is one outlier that sticks out in multiple databases. Brazil features similar numbers to the countries with the most asylum seekers but sends very few people to the US. With a GDP ($1,434.08 Billion) nearly 33% higher than the next closest country in Central and South America, (Mexico, $1,076.16 Billion), Brazil remains appealing to people despite the ongoing issues.

Higher Education Every place of higher education has multiple physical and environmental characteristics which make it successful. Finding those common trends in campuses across the country was the first step towards designing a new campus for Cal Western School of Law. We looked at schools of diverse sizes and disciplines and consolidated our findings to create a strong starting framework to begin master planning. We were able to narrow down the characteristics of an ideal campus to the following: Community & Safety -Integrate the campus with the surrounding community through open design and communitybased activities that interact with the general population. -Immerse the campus within the cultural and historical context of the site location through vernacular architecture and respective facilities. -Provide transparency at the ground floors to maintain “eyes” on the street. -By creating access to emergency response stations that alert authorities of criminal activity along the campus circulation routes to provide security. -Supply adequate even lighting throughout campus, including those to academic functions and campus housing. Organization -Increase building density (while maintaining a human scale to provide spaces for students as well as the community. -Provide clear and consistent indicators of where important programs are located and how to access them -Provide clear pedestrian circulation routes using a consistent visual language and scale to provide a connection between all spaces -Provide universal access to make areas easy to traverse for people of all physical type

Accessibility & Transportation -Easy access for walkways to create a safe space away from traffic or clear spatial integration of pedestrian walkways within traffic routes. -Integrate bike routes throughout campus that tie into the community bike circulation system Design for varied transit strategies for commuters to/from campus including bus stops and shared car services. Resources -Campus should include spaces for informal learning such as spaces to study or for student support services in a single location. -Provide spaces that can be shared / accessed by the broader community. should act as multipurpose spaces for students and community members to both enjoy and be able to use as recreational spaces as well. -Resources for education should include financial aid, career advisors, access to studying with professionals, and disability resources. -Resources should provide functions that help support student success even in the non-academic side, for example such as a childcare center.

Site Selection The studio researched four potential sites: Chula Vista, Mission Valley, Downtown San Diego, and Logan Heights. Each site was researched in terms of their relevant community boundaries, natural resources, social attributes, people, built environment, and heritage, in order to determine which location seemed most fitting for a future campus community. This information was aggregated into a single exhibit and presented to the studio partners with voting taking place to determine which location would best serve the institutional needs. Some of the assets and disadvantages of each location are as follows: Chula Vista: Chula Vista was an attractive location because of its proximity to the US-Mexico border, making this location convenient for immigrants served by the Latin American Institute of Law and Justice. However, it was ultimately not selected because of its lack of public transportation, which isolated it from other law resources in downtown San Diego. Mission Valley: The Mission Valley proposal incorporated the law school campus into SDSU’s Mission Valley campus expansion. Some advantages to this proposal included that it was well connected to downtown San Diego by public transportation and that it would have access to SDSU student culture. However, it was not selected because it was the furthest away from the US-Mexico border, potentially making it inconvenient for law clients living in Mexico, and because it lacked the existing infrastructure and vibrancy of an existing more downtown site. Downtown San Diego: Downtown San Diego was attractive because it is the current location of the Law School, and students would have access to its social scene, law firms and the San Diego County Superior Court. However, it was narrowly decided against as the density of the buildings required was not considered viable for all uses. Logan Heights: Ultimately, Logan Heights was selected. This is a predominantly Hispanic community, which could make the campus more convenient and approachable to Hispanic individuals served by the Latin American Institute of Law and Justice. Additionally, it is the closest location to downtown San Diego and has access to public transportation. Moving forwards, our studio deemed this area’s relatively high crime rate and large unhoused population as matters that required careful attention.

Chapter 3: Site Understanding Population The total population of Logan Heights, also known as Barrio Logan, is 58,408, with around a 5% population increase annually. The community makes up about 4% of San Diego’s total population of 1.4 million people. Community Context The initial neighborhood of Barrio Logan grew due to the development of a US Naval Base in 1898 in San Diego. Later, the creation of a major commercial seaport and the railroads also provided a housing boom in the area. This brought many diverse groups to the area, including AfricanAmericans, Japanese-Americans, Filipino-Americans, and Italian-Americans. However, the spirit of the community today, known as the “Logan Heights Experience” (aka The Heights, Logan, La Logan, Barrio Logan, etc.) is due to the migration of the Mexican families which began around 1900. They came from all parts of Mexico, including Baja California, Sonora, Chihuahua, Sinaloa, Durango, Michoacan, Zacatecas, etc. The population growth of Mexican families would continue up to the 1950s. In 1956, the placement of Interstate 5 and the deliberate changes in zoning patterns (from primarily residential to mixed-use industrial) devastated Logan Heights by removing economic viability and decreasing property values. In both aspects, Logan Heights residents felt uninformed and unable to voice objections or opinions on the expansion of San Diego, and to this day, families still feel a great sense of loss. However, in the late 1960s, the residents of Logan Heights came together to oppose the construction of a sub-station under the San-Diego-Coronado Bay Bridge by the California Highway Patrol. Through incredible will and commitment, the land was turned over to the community and later became Chicano Park. The community’s tenacity, spirit, and determination to preserve Barrio Logan as a vibrant, culturally rich, and united community continues on and can be seen today in their Barrio Logan Community Plan. Demographic Distribution San Diego has a distinctive cultural identity from Hispanic populations from over sixty years. Historically, the area became prominent from industrial jobs, and there was a significant increase in San Diego’s Mexican population due to the 1910 Mexican Revolution. Alongside the prevalent Hispanic and Latino population, 42% of San Diego’s residents are white, 16% are Asian residents, and Black or African American residents make up 5% of the population. The median age is around 26.8 years. Overall, the culturally vibrant community consists mostly of local families that need a catalyst to revitalize the sense of physical connection that drives socio-economic and employment growth.

Poverty In Logan Heights, the annual median income varies with an average income of $52,944. The total median income lies below the average at $40,310, primarily belonging to demographics under 25 and over 65. The total working population of Logan Heights consists of 51,093 people, 73.9% of which are above the poverty level with an additional 22.9% below the poverty level. The average Barrio Logan household lives on an annual income 45% less than the rest of San Diego. Air Quality San Diego is currently ranked as having the seventh worst ozone pollution in the country. With a median AQI, or Air Quality Index, of 64, this city reports only 73 days of good air quality throughout the year while the remaining 292 days record air quality that is moderate or unhealthy for sensitive groups. Water Availability The availability of water in Logan Heights is limited due to its lack of precipitation and large population. Annually, it receives approximately 12 inches of rain per year, mostly seeing clear and sunny days. Logan Heights also experiences an average humidity of 69% per year with the most humid month being July and the driest being January. Given its context in southern California, Logan Heights and the rest of San Diego rely on imported water from northern California or the Colorado River through the 242-mile-long Colorado River Aqueduct. Still, Logan Heights and San Diego produce 10% of their own drinking water through the desalination of ocean water. Land Use Barrio Logan is organized in a manner that prioritizes its residential and commercial communities. In the Barrio Logan Community Plan, the commercial and residential zones are the heart of the community and are framed by major streets and key sight lines. The development of these zones are driven by multi-family development, but are restricted by the large industrialized zones. Near the waterfront, land is reserved for heavy industrial and military development, primarily the San Diego Naval Base. The industrial and military development of the land has forced awkward circumstances on the existing community as some residents find themselves living next door to a boat building yard. This shows a relative disregard for the existing community present before the industrial development. Additionally, the proximity of the Naval Base has sparked development that further imposes on the Barrio Logan Community such as a need for naval lodging. Barrio Logan has been forced to adapt and integrate these waterfront industrial conditions.

Transportation The site is located adjacent to the I-5 and the Coronado Bridge, making it a hub for vehicle transportation. Through the site, there are two modes of public transportation that circulate. Trolley and bus run alongside bicyclist lanes. There are anticipated road improvements to enhance mobility and connectivity in the community such as the Draft Mobility Element that is meant to make walking, biking, and public transit more attractive in the city, including Barrio Logan. The Draft Mobility Element will work alongside the developing land use of the community to create a more vibrant and accessible neighborhood through the growth of the community’s interconnections. Resource Availability Logan Heights benefits from coastal air and its proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The coastal winds can easily be utilized in passive design strategies for individual buildings as well as energy generation for the city as a whole. Offshore wind and hydroelectric farms have great potential in powering the city but have received push back from the city power suppliers like San Diego Gas & Electric Company. Gas and electricity are provided by the San Diego Gas & Electric Company. SDG&E has substantial investment in the Barrio Logan community. One of the utility’s major power stations in the San Diego region is in Barrio Logan. This station is identified as the Silvergate substation, located west of Harbor Drive at Sampson Street. Ecosystem Understanding (Biodiversity, Climatic Conditions, Topography, etc.) Soil -Soil is primarily composed marine and nonmarine, poorly consolidated, fine- and-medium-grained, pale brown sandstone = weak soil conditions -Close proximity to Rose Canyon fault= earthquake and liquefaction prone area but occupiable

Vegetation -Intense urbanization means no native plants are present and little landscaping -Coastal proximity means future plans to preserve vegetation in waters (algae and marine grasses) to preserve small sea creatures in the area -Despite the lack of rainwater, The coastal climate can support many types of succulents, such as the artichoke agave or the Mexican fence post cactus. -Various wildflowers can also strive here such as the Arroyo Lupine, the Goodding’s Verbena, the Bush Anemone, as well as Texas Sundrops. -Various types of trees can successfully live in this climate such as the Chaste Tree and Pheonix Mesquite. -In the right conditions, San Diego can be quite lush as we can see in Fern Canyon in the San Diego Zoo and Balboa Park. Wildlife -Birdlife most prominent, almost non-existent wildlife beyond this -Nearest wildlife is 3.5 miles away in a canyon: coyotes, deer, and other mammals -Six miles south of community is a habitat for rare/endangered birds -430 bird species in the area, half are seasonal (in San Diego County) -Infrastructure and dumping waste have contributed to decreased biodiversity especially in north and central bay of San Diego (location of Barrio Logan is central bay) -Oil spills, ship waste, etc -Ocean life includes dolphins, otters, and sea lions, as well as fish and crustaceans but much less diverse

Topography The site is effectively flat and continues this way to the bay to the west and south, elevation increases well beyond the site boundary to the north and east. Balboa Park is built on top of a hill while it spreads out into the many canyons that stretch from it. Climate -San Diego has a diurnal swing of about 35 degrees Fahrenheit with a mean temperature of about 65-70 degrees. This puts San Diego in the comfort zone for a major portion of the year: June to November. But August and September can often be very hot. -Design Strategies that are effective in the climate are internal heat gain and solar direct gain. Sun shading is important as well for higher sun angles. -San Diego’s wind is cold and primarily comes from the northwest.

Chapter 4: Campus Master Plan How Might We Goals Community How might we reflect global context within local design? Globally, how might we respond to humanitarian issues such as immigration and mass incarceration through quantitative research and qualitative application? Locally, how might we design as “apart” of the community rather than “a part” from it, both visually and spatially? Additionally, how might we create a strong campus environment and identity while still welcoming those in need? Clients How might we design to promote student physical and mental well-being through the organization and development of spaces for both student and community interaction? Service How might we emphasize the architect’s and law student’s responsibility to serve through building design? Site Utilize unique site conditions as well as environmental factors to create a safe and accessible place for learning?

Campus Planning Best Practices Upon analysis and review of other universities, it was concluded that important qualities that exist for a campus plan to be successful must be reflected. Our project seeks to prioritize the experiences of the Law students and Latin American immigrants who will predominantly be utilizing these campus spaces. On the other hand, we also wish to create a transitional experience from the public to private through landscaping features that introduces biophilic design. Furthermore, the qualities and characteristics of a campus plan that are of greatest interest to our project include: (1) responding to environmental and cultural context, (2) implementing transitional spaces, (3) introducing biophilic design, and (4) continuity of design that encourages sense of community. The best practices we have outlined for our site and project include: Biophilic Design Implementation of vegetation – including deciduous trees and shrubs with an emphasis on those that provide food Landscape design that seeks to engage communities Landscape and vegetation that encourages health and wellbeing of project’s users Transitional Spaces Creating transitions within the campus in order to encourage interaction between the interior and exterior environments Important in order to create distinctions between spaces These transitional spaces seek to create dynamic buffers within a space to elevate the user’s experience.

Sense of Community Creating central nodes or quads that allow for various student or regional communities to cross paths and engage with one another Provide buffer zones for students to study or rest between classes Provide landscape features whilst implementing seating that enables people to sit and engage in conversations Environment and Cultural Context Understanding the environmental capacities of a site while implementing design strategies to address site conditions Understanding the cultural context of where a project resides and how to contribute in a respectful way Encouraging community engagement with local communities

Campus Comparatives A Nolli map is a figure ground drawing that aided us in developing our campus plan. These plan drawings help to distinguish private, semi-private, and public places from each other and clearly differentiate space from mass using black and white to represent the area being studied. We used several Nolli maps to help inform us of the flow of spaces on our campus and identify the ideal qualities of a law school campus. Some of the specific campus functional elements we would like to emulate were determined to be on these nine campuses: Georgetown Law School This school was chosen for its centralization and walkability in the Washington D.C. area. The campus provides its students with living facilities (such as childcare, a fitness center, and housing for 300 students) to support students’ educational excellence. This is in addition to the classrooms, clinic spaces, and an expensive library. The proximity to national buildings and public transportation also encourages immersion into the extracurricular activities that D.C. has to offer. Harvard Law School The campus is comprised of mostly historic buildings with lots of green open space between buildings. The WWC is the hub for all student life which holds common spaces, classrooms, clinics, and dining facilities. Fordham Law School The school’s closeness to the urban setting, along with its inclusion of greenery and proximity to Central Park provides easy access to city activities and nearby law firms. While located in a large, bustling context, the silver LEED certified campus itself contains a smaller plaza within to create a threshold between the campus and the city. Duke University School of Law Students are expected to live off-campus, while the law school features many sheltered outdoor spaces for students to relax and study. Its clinic wing is designed as a separate law office that fosters trust between law students and clients because it offers a space to meet confidentially.

New York University Law School The school is a unique campus as it is a series of buildings nestled in the city itself and centered around Washington Square Park. It is very well integrated into the city and fosters experiences in which school and city life intertwine. Stanford Law School The central location of the university primarily gives students access to the mental health services. There are several green spaces available in the form of courtyards for studying and gathering. Its circulation system is also robust as the campus is broken up into four buildings with separate educational functions linked together with shared courtyards. Lewis and Clark Law The ample green spaces on the 20-acre campus function as “living rooms” to encourage community and gathering and are used as outdoor classrooms on occasion. The school is further surrounded by the forests of the state park, giving students access to nature as they make their way through the intensive law curriculum. University of Oregon Law School The buildings on this campus create pockets of public space that are more sheltered than the general public realm and is oriented towards a shared courtyard with other buildings. Community Connectivity While the term community most frequently refers to a group of people or a tangible location, the abstract definition spans beyond physical reach. When compiling the campus master plan, reflecting the conceptual community surrounding our site was imperative to the proposal’s success. With a site located in Logan Heights, our master plan was faced with the challenge of being a point of transition to the more urbanized Gaslamp district as well as the lower density community of Barrio Logan. The campus serves as a major threshold between Downtown and the future developments planned for Barrio Logan. The project is based on a series of of transition zones that required attention; by focusing on scale, density, and circulation we were able to propose a seamless shift that melds two communities into one.

The Scale With the Barrio and Downtown in mind, buildings were designed following the idea that the campus alludes to the infrastructure around it. The master plan gradually shifts from five story structures in the southwest corner of the site to a larger scale of up to nine story structures on the northeastern side of the site. The Density Similar to the transition in scale, density played an important role in designing the campus master plan. The lack of accessible public realm was a primary concern in the initial design phase. The proposed campus plan allows for the street condition to adhere to its surrounding context while the site itself remains inviting for members of the surrounding communities to experience and inhabit. The Circulation The selected campus site provides a bridge between varying existing hardscapes, with a goal of maintaining and enhancing the overall ground plane moving forward. Following the requirements defined in the Barrio Logan Plan, all major throughfares will consist of sidewalks ranging between ten and fourteen feet accompanied by planting strips and class I and class II bike lanes. Campus Resiliency Resiliency refers to a site’s ability to weather adverse conditions (both immediate disasters and long-term stresses) while maintaining a high level of functionality and safety for all its residents. In our era, a primary test of resiliency is a site’s response to the challenges posed by climate change. As a coastal site in a drought and fire-stricken state, our campus will be particularly at-risk. The central concerns include sea-level rise and flooding, increasing temperatures, and decreasing precipitation. Although in the most catastrophic climate scenarios our site may simply become uninhabitable, we have pursued resiliency strategies that will ensure its functionality under many circumstances. Some primary strategies are outlined as follows: Addressing Sea-Level Rise and Flooding: Our buildings avoid placing primary or essential functions in below-grade spaces, so that flooding events do not damage or inhibit campus activity in the longrun.

Addressing Increasing Temperatures: Reducing urban heat island effect with extensive site vegetation, cool roofs, and rooftop gardens. Increasing tree canopy on street edge and internal campus quad to give community greater access to shade in extreme heat. Addressing Decreasing Precipitation: Use of building-level water capture and reuse of graywater to reduce strain on municipal water systems. Extensive native-plant landscaping to reduce campus irrigation needs. Addressing Unreliability of Energy Access Reducing energy needs (and thus reliance on potentially spotty energy grids) by taking advantage of appropriate building-scale and site-specific passive strategies. Site design with awareness of solar access to increase natural daylighting in each building. Extensive on-site solar generation to reduce loads on city grid and provide an independent energy source. Addressing Increasing Temperatures: Reducing urban heat island effect with extensive site vegetation, cool roofs, and rooftop gardens. Many of the measures described here are very physical and architectural. While these may help preserve life and increase physical comfort, the campus also takes measures to address social and communal resiliency. By providing spaces for justice-oriented law education and pro-bono practice, as well as non-academic programs (such as markets, greenhouses, daycares, and more), the campus works towards lifting up the community and putting the neighbors in a better situation to recover following a disaster. The conjunction of architectural and social interventions embodied in our campus to support making Barrio Logan more resilient in the face of the challenges to come.

Chapter 5 PROJECT STATEMENT How might we create an environment that is engaging and open yet protected? Our project aims to address the urban setting of our site by balancing the threshold between public and private spaces. The challenge is to create spaces that are engaging and open yet protected. In order to achieve that, we are proposing accessibility points that guide students to activate at the street level, and the immigrant populations to feel welcomed in protected spaces. The goal is to do so without breaking away from the urban language of San Diego. The buildings should be placed at a focal point on the campus without hindering accessibility to other facilities on the campus. EXPERIENTIAL NARRATIVE There are two main clients we wish to serve whom are: (1) the attending law students at this school and (2) the populations the law students wish to serve specifically Latin American immigrants and refugees. Given the busy lives of law students due to challenging academic work, we envision our project to support their educational, social, and career goals through programmatic elements that have been catered to support such areas. Furthermore, we also wish for the students to connect with the populations they are providing legal services to in a way that is conscious of diverse cultures, religions, and ideas. In addition, we also wish to implement an Interpretive Center that seeks to bridge and bring community to both the law students and marginalized communities through our moonshot program. Our moonshot, which is a Civil Rights and Education Center, provides marginalized communities with tailored programs to help ease their legal journeys. The programs consist of a Skilled Jobs Center, Interpretive Center, and Paralegal Services, among others. The Civil Rights and Education Center is meant to be a dedicated space for marginalized communities to congregate, interact, and encourage dialogue. Most importantly, the center is to provide support to Latin American immigrants on their difficult legal journeys while also celebrating their identities.

Project Program eg

res

s eg

res

adjacency study

PROGRAM moonshot student success instructional spaces shared resources

faculty office student collaboratio

Wind Our site is located in San Diego, California. Given our site context, we are existing in a marine climate that influences winds. The winds are coming primarily from the Northwest. Temperature San Diego’s climate is quite temperate with most thermal comfort during the Summer and Fall seasons. San Diego’s climate ranges from 60 degrees to 80 degrees. However, the climate tends to stay within comfort zones. Pscyhrometric Chart The psychrometric chart details the humidity experienced within this marine zone. The design strategies most impactful include natural ventilation, sun shading, internal heat gain, and passive solar direct gain. Climate Response Based on the climate study conducted, we implemented responses in our design to respond to such environment. Our most prominent design response is our facade that implements PV panels to make use of solar energy. Furthermore, we also have terracotta baguettes as a response to sun shading. In conclusion, our facade functions to produce energy while also optimizing daylight for the interior spaces.

The target EUI for this project is 22 .0 k B t u / f t ² / y r. T h e i n i t i a l m o d e l w a s a b o u t 6 1 . 0 k B t u / f t ² / y r. A f t e r r e v i e w i n g a n d m a k i n g m o d i fi c a t i o n s t o f u r t h e r a c h i e v e t h e b u i l d i n g ’s p e r f o r m a n c e g o a l s , t h e p r o j e c t ’s E U I i s n o w 4 7. 2 . S o m e o f t h e m o d i fi c a t i o n s i m p l e m e n t e d i n c l u d e adding more glazing and PV systems.

% %

Roof 154' - 0" Level 11 140' - 0" Level 10 126' - 0" Level 9 112' - 0" Level 8 98' - 0" Level 7 84' - 0" Level 6 70' - 0" Level 5 56' - 0" Level 4 42' - 0"

% %

5RRI

/HYHO

Level 3 28' - 0"

/HYHO

Level 2 14' - 0"

/HYHO

Level 1 0' - 0"

/HYHO

A1 Electrical Med Conf

A2 UP

Flex Office Faculty Faculty Office Faculty Office

Group Case Study

A2 DN

Lrg Conf

Med Conf

Touchdown Faculty

Group Case Study

A4 UP

Didactic Classroom Sml

Didactic Classroom Lrg

Touchdown Student

A4 DN

Didactic Classroom Sml

Didactic Classroom Lrg

Med Conf

Didactic Classroom Lrg

Didactic Classroom Sml

Flex Office Student

Work Room

A3 Didactic Classroom Sml

Didactic Classroom Sml

Print and Copy

A2 Flexible Classroom

Flexible Classroom

Civics 101

Skilled Job Center

A2 Meeting Room Paralegal Services

STEEL PIPE FRAMING

FLEXIBLE HOSE

ETFE FACADE ATTACHMENT

SECONDARY STEEL SUPPORT

TRANSLUCENT ETFE PANEL SYSTEM

facade system

STEEL PIPE FRAMING

FLEXIBLE HOSE

ETFE FACADE ATTACHMENT

SECONDARY STEEL SUPPORT

TRANSLUCENT ETFE PANEL SYSTEM

facade system

WATER CONTROL MEMBRANE

PARAPET FLASHING PARAPET

Roof 154' - 0"

Level 11 140' - 0"

Level 10 126' - 0"

RECESSED LIGHT FIXTURE

Level 9 112' - 0"

Level 8

FLOOR FINISH

98' - 0"

ALUMINUM MULLION

INSULATED THERMAL GLAZING

12"x24" CONCRETE BEAM

Level 7 84' - 0" 12" CONCRETE SLAB RIGID INSULATION

Level 6

STEEL CONNECTOR

70' - 0" AIR INLET FLEXIBLE HOSE STEEL SUPPORT CONCRETE BEAM

Level 5 56' - 0"

ETFE FACADE SYSTEM

Level 4 42' - 0" STOREFRONT WALL

DUCT SYSTEMS

Level 3 28' - 0"

ALUMINUM DOUBLE GLAZING PANEL

Level 2 14' - 0"

24" CONCRETE COLUMN

CONCRETE FOUNDATION CONCRETE CAP

Level 1

CONCRETE PILES

0' - 0"

S c a l e 1 /4” = 1 ’ 0”

0’

2’

4’

8’

12’

20’

Chapter 6: Reflection

the

BROAD museum

analysis by Gaby Guevara, Noelani Maylad, Katherine Nguyen, + Thu Nguyen

by Diller Scofidio + Renfro

arch 341 toker09

01_Story

Project design team

Ta b l e o f c o n t e n t s

page

01_Story 02_Site 03_Space + Skin 04_Structure 05_Circulation 06_Systems 07_Reflection Bibliography

BROAD MUSEUM | CREDITS Partner in Charge | Elizabeth Diller Partners | Ricardo Scofidio, Charles Renfro, and Benjamin Gilmartin Project Director | Kevin Rice Lead Designer | Matthew Ostrow Project Architects | Andrea Schelly and Zoë Small Core Design Team | Michael Hundsnurcher and Haruka Saito Design Team | Robert Condon, Zachary Cooley, Daniel Sakai, Ryan Botts, John Chow, Anne-Rachel Schiffmann, William Ngo, Charles Curran, Andreas Kostopoulos, and Nkiru Mokwe Competition Team | Robert Donnelly, Matthew Johnson, Quang Truong, Kumar Atre, Oskar Arnorsson ,Gerardo Ciprian, Christopher Hillyard, and Darina Zlateva

Architect firm profile

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 07

The Broad was designed by Diller Scofidio + Renfro in collaboration with Gensler. Diller Scofidio + Renfro (DS+R) is a design studio based in New York that works with an array of disciplines including architecture, urban design, installation art, multi-media performance, digital media, and print. The firm focuses on creating work that highlights culture and civic enhancement in order to create a new meaning for institutions within future architecture and cities. DS+R is a renowned firm with a highly acclaimed portfolio including projects like the High Line in New York City, the Lincoln Center Public Spaces, and the expansion of MoMA. The Broad is one of those many acclaimed projects by DS+R. The program and size of the Broad is very standard for what the firm typically works on in terms of architecture. The project fits very well into the beliefs and goals of the firm as the Broad has created a new cultural experience for the Arts District in Los Angeles. The high-profile and positive response from the design of the Broad giving the team a more reputable stance in architectural design. Gensler, with their extensive knowledge of museum architecture and Los Angeles, supported the DS+R team providing the design team with local advice in order to develop the vision of the project.

Project background The Broad Museum was initiated by philanthropists Eli and Edythe Broad with the intent to make contemporary art from the 1950s to the present accessible the the widest possible audience. This museum opened in September of 2015 and has already made an impact in advancing education through diverse public programming and exhibition engagement. Located in Los Angeles, California, the building is 120,000 square feet with an additional 24,000 square foot plaza that stands a short walk away from the Walt Disney Concert Hall.

the

02_Site

the broad museum | los angeles, ca

Regional resources

g a b y g u e va ra , n o e l a n i m ay l a d , k at h e r i n e n g u y e n , t h u n g u y e n

The Broad utilizes a central plant system that shares chilled water with several properties in downtown Los Angeles. This technology enables the museum to reduce energy consumption while limiting the atmospheric heat released in the surrounding air. Several of these environmentally-friendly features can be observed intertwined in the museum’s design and practices. For example, the building’s rooftop drains work in part with the plaza lawn to serve as a biofiltration system for stormwater runoff. This allows rainwater that would be wasted to be repurposed as filtered water. The plumbing fixtures also employ high-efficiency techniques that reduce the indoor water use by forty percent. The wastewater that ends up as a biproduct of sewage travels to the city’s water reclamation and treatment facilities to be filtered and treated in the Headworks area. After undergoing various treatments of filtration, the biosolids that remain are repurposed for land use as nutrient-rich organic materials. Los Angeles’ owned-farm sites such as Green Acres Farm is one location that these biosolids are repurposed at for non-food crops.

W. W. 22NNDD ST. ST.

BROAD

Wa l t Disney Concert Hall Climate

museum

03_Space+skin

BROAD

museum

Target EUI: 8 kBtu/sf/yr code minimum EUI: 31 kBtu/sf/yr

Strategies Using the psychrometric chart for Los Angeles, it was determined that ideal design strategies are internal heat gain, passive solar direct gain high, passive solar direct gain low, and sun shading of windows. Internal heat gain is when sun travels through windows to allow for natural heating of the interior space. The 2030 Palette suggests construction masonry materials at a 4” minimum. Passive solar direct gain has equator-facing solar glasing sized to 10% of floor area. Another design move is elongating the building towards the east/west axis. Sun shading of windows allows for hot times of the day to lower the amount of sun traveling into the space. This allows for cooler interiors throughout long and sunny summers. The Broad utilizes a veil and vault system with the veil being the exterior skin and the vault being the building itself that the skin sits on top of. This system allows for daylight to seep through the facade of the museum providing daylight and ventilation. In addition, the beil does not touch the walls of the vault which allows for optimal ventilation throughout certain parts of the building.

The Broad also has an intricate building design that allows natural light to be drawn inside while preserving optimal conditions required to properly display and preserve museum art. The veil structure and skylights are responsible for eliminating electric light for majority of the year. Here, over eighty percent of the onsite generated construction waste was diverted from landfills and repurposed while recycled materials were used in twenty percent of the onsite materials. With the following techniques, The Broad was able to achieve LEED Gold Certification.

The location of the project is Downtown Los Angeles where summers are arid, warm, and clear and winters are cool, slightly wet, and partly cloudy. The typical temperature range in Los Angeles is between 42°F and 93°F where anything below or above would be on the extreme side. Cool months are typically December through March, warmer months are typically July through September, and everything in-between is mostly average. Wind speeds in Los Angeles range from a low of 5.2 miles per hour to a high of 8.7 mile per hour. The Broad reacts to the climate primarily through its façade, also called the ‘veil’. The veil’s design is composed of a honeycomb-like structure that blankets over the interior ‘vault’ of the building. The roof of this veil is made up of 318 skylight monitors that open up in an orientation that harvests diffused sunlight from the north.

SS G GRRAANNDD AV AVEE. . scale 1/32” = 1’-0” transitions

t he

BROAD museum

8’

16’

32’

64’

t he

BROAD

museum

05_Circulation

04_Structure

Physical model

Egress + circulation Visitors enter the Broad Museum on the first floor to a lobby space. They are immediately greeted by an escalator that takes them up to the third floor which is a large exhibition space. Once the visitor circles around the exhibit they end up at a set of stairs that leads them down where they can stop by the second floor for more exhibition space. After circling the second floor the visitors revisits the same set of stairs to decline to the first floor where they are directly greeted by the merchandise store and lobby again to exit the museum. The vertical circulation is straightforward and moves the visitor in the correct direction of the gallery space. There is a cylindrical elevator at the center of the vertical circulation of the building. The network is clear and relates to the experience of the art gallery. The experiential circulation of the Broad Museum is definitely more apparent than the egress, but the egress does its intended purpose. The egress stairs are located at opposite ends of the building which allows for safe escape. The exit is located on the first floor where the lobby is which is easy for users to understand. The lobby also is a pretty large open space that connects directly to the exit discharge and the exterior of the building. Egress and experiential are pretty separate and different as the egress is a clear set of stairs and the experiential has a combination of escalators and stairs.

Structure The structural systems used for the Broad Museum is a lateral concrete shear wall system with concrete slabs for columns in the lower levels of the museum. The upper level of the museums have a mix of post tensioned slabs, steel composite beams, and mild reinforced concrete slabs. The roof features a group of steel wide flange members that hold up the exterior facade. The main use of concrete in the structure allows the interior form of the building to be interesting and the interior spaces to be flexible for the program of the building. the

th e

BROAD

museum

07_Reflection

Systems

06_Systems

BROAD

The Broad utilizes its ‘veil’ as a passive system to maintain human thermal comfort as it controls daylight as an external shading device. The museum’s active systems, consisting of a central plant located on the second cloor mechanically ventilates the museum to also acheive human thermal comfort as well as to help thermally regulate the space to maintain the artwork. These systems are concealed to create an uninterrupted, undisturbed viewing experience of the art.

Reflection Upon glance, the Broad Museum invites visitors to further understand the curiosity arising behind the museum’s skin. Thus, upon further exploration, visitors are then invited into the galleries, exhibits, and merchandise store. The veil, or the skin, incases the museum’s core programs that define its purpose and overall experience. The experience begins with an enclosed molded tunnel, the vault, that brings visitors to the gallery spaces located on the third floor. The experiential tunnel creates an intensified and interactive sense of wonder due to the lack of light apertures within the tunnel. Moreover, once the visitors reach the third floor, they are greeted by both the veil and the vault. On the third floor, the vault provides natural lighting to illuminate parts of the gallery spaces while also providing views of the surrounding site. The structural layout works efficiently to form these programmatic spaces with effective circulation, which is in part due to the simplicity of its geometry. The building relies on HVAC motors that help maintain the building’s thermal comfort levels. The museum works wholistically while generating multiple systems to create a comfortable experience. After our analysis, we conclude that the Broad Museum works in uniting mechanical systems with its architectural design. However, the Broad Museum still lacks in these systems when acting individually as well as its experiential qualities. Furthermore, given the museum’s linear and predictive geometry, the organization of the space creates a dull experiential moment. The museum also fails to challenge its surrounding context in order to also play into the experiential quality that museums tend to give into. Most importantly, the skin, although impressive, does not favor the gallery spaces due to the angles of the openings within the vault. The openings within the veil further limit the amount of daylight that may enter the space, which in turn also impacts the energy utilized by the HVAC systems. In conclusion, the Broad Museum invites, but does not challenge the effectiveness of its systems.

Air + light The Broad utilizes its veil design to naturally light the museum space. The many apertures are designed to maximize daylight and diffuse it into the museum space. This along with additional electric lighting creates an evenly lit, bright space that optimizes the viewing experience for the displayed art. The Broad’s Baseline Energy Use Intensity measures a difference of 2.1 above the 2030 benchmark energy target. Without altering the spatial daylight autonomy and annual sun exposure, the museum is currently Gold-certified for LEED through its ingenuity of energy saving design features. In order to close the gap between the 2030 EUI Benchmark and the present, The Broad’s window-to-wall ratio was manipulated slightly. For northwest and southwest-facing windows, the window height was increased to ensure that the daylight was optimized since north-facing windows receive less sunlight than windows facing other cardinal points. The width of the windows was shortened as well while the window’s distance from the edges increased. This allowed some spaces of strong daylight intensity to diffuse in order to increase the percentage of space that receives sufficient daylighting. Overall, WWR and sDA percentages decreased, lowering the initial 28.61 EUI to 26.46, and thus bridging the gap between the 2030 EUI Target and the present. th e

BROAD

museum

Bibliography

About. (n.d.). The Broad. https://www.thebroad.org/about

The Broad utilizes its ‘veil’ as a passive system to maintain human thermal comfort as it controls daylight as an external shading device. The museÆ um’s active systems, consisting of a central plant located on the second ﬂoor mechanically ventilates the museum to also acheive human thermal comfort as well as to help thermally regulate the space to maintain the artwork. These systems are concealed in order to create an uninterrupted, undisturbed viewing experience for the art.

The broad Museum / Diller Scofidio + Renfro. (2015, August 31). ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/772778/thebroad-diller-scofidio-plus-renfro The broad. (n.d.). Gensler. https://www.gensler.com/projects/the-broad Diller Scofidio + Renfro. (n.d.). DS+R. https://dsrny.com/?index=true§ion=studio Los Angeles climate, weather by month, average temperature (California, United States). (n.d.). The Weather Year Round Anywhere on Earth - Weather Spark. https://weatherspark.com/y/1705/Average-Weather-in-Los-AngelesCalifornia-United-States-Year-Round

This diagram is a representation of the the systems of the Broad, including the site + strategies, the structure, the circulation, and the space + skin. Each element has its own purpose, but once put together, allows for the Broad to welcome visitors.

the

BROAD

museum

End

eht

hcra 143 90rekot

,araveuG ybaG yb sisylana enirehtaK ,dalyaM inaleoN neyugN uhT + ,neyugN

D AORB muesum orfneR + oidfiocS relliD yb

Gabriela Guevara ARCH 352-05 Professor Stacey White January 4, 2022

On the other hand, given the constant issues arising from climate change, it is imperative that we as designers work in an environmentally conscious way avoiding further environmental damage. In the AIA Code of Ethics, E.S. 2.4 states that designers should “ make reasonable Manifesto: Drawing a Line in the Sand

The role of the architect within the civic realm may take various, complex forms.

efforts… to the environment, including: access to clean air, water, sunlight and energy for all; sustainable production, extraction, transportation”” (AIA Code of Ethics). Moreover, while taking

However, the central focus that essentially ties each architect to one another is that architects

in consideration the environment in which a project is located, designers should complete the

are usually designing for the experience of communities. With that said, most of my design

necessary research that highlights the impact of their project on the environment. The reason

process is led by the belief of enhancing the experience of users within said project. The way I

for which research is needed is in order to prevent further damage that most places are

hope to prioritize the experience of users is through (1) encouraging social discourse, (2)

experiencing now due to climate change. The code highlighted in the code of ethics also

engaging respectfully with the surrounding environment, (3) engaging the community throughout

encourages the environment to be used as a tool for biophilic design. Biophilic design is an

the project process, (4) creating equitable access to architecture services. Moreover, these are

element within the design process that further enhances the mental and physical experiences of

just some of the many values that I wish to implement as a designer and future architect.

users within a project. The article “The Impact and Benefits of Biophilia in the Workplace” by Bill Browning brings to the light the various effects of biophilia. Some of these impacts involve

It is of importance to engage the community throughout the process of a project;

“reduce stress, improve cognitive function, and enhance mood and creativity” (Browning). The

however, the designer must also avoid creating hierarchical divisions. In Nikki Linsell’s article,

surrounding environment has been known to create such effects and therefore must be thought

Design Like You Give a Damn- About What Exactly?, Linsell highlights the importance of

of while working on a project.

designing for communities while avoiding the saviour complex. Linsell emphasizes the various issues within Western designers developing in other countries. Furthermore, it is implied that

Continuing on the topic of environmental concern, one should concern oneself on the

some Western designers and architects feel the need to “save” communities in developing

current and future impacts of a project. Moreover, the way that this may be calculated or

countries based on their own western experiences. The issue with this architect saviour

determined is based on the sustainable rating of one’s project as well as other components. In

complex is that it focuses on “saving” or “fixing” these communities in underserved communities

other words, designers should be cautious of the products and materials implemented within a

instead of answering to the community’s needs. In other words, each person, institution, and

project. Designers should be aware of the life cycles various materials have and their impacts

community have their own values, experience, and beliefs. Therefore, it is of crucial importance

within an environment. It is important to also recognize the materials and strategies that are best

that an architect does not impede the communities’ experiences, but engages with the

suitable for specific locations and regions in order for the project to have an effective

community’s needs in a respectful and communicative way.

performance. While calculating these impacts, designers are helping prevent the rise of other

Works Cited

issues attributed to global warming. This precision and thoughtfulness also works to enhance the wellbeing of the users within the space.

Browning, Bill. “The Impact and Benefits of Biophilia in the Workplace” Terrapin Bright Green, May 20, 2018. Web. Accessed 3 January 2022.

Previously, I discussed the importance of creating a dialogue between communities/users focused on a project. To add to this, I also wish to express that designers

https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/blog/2018/05/the-impact-and-benefits-of-biophilia-in -the-workplace/

should work equitable and accessible services to various communities including underserved communities. Oftentimes within the architecture realm, we hear of large notable projects while smaller projects meant to serve the community are less heard of. Furthermore, it is best to

Linsell, Nikki. “Design Like You Give a Damn- About What Exactly?” UIA2014 DURBAN Architecture OTHERWHERE, 2014. Print.

design through a socially responsible lens that seeks to enhance a space while not imposing on a community’s values, beliefs, or culture. Designing through a socially responsible lens seeks to

“2020 Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.” American Institute of Architects. Web.

add to a community’s environment in a way in which the community has expressed itself in.

Accessed 3 January 2022.

However, with that being said, it is important the services of architecture are accessible to all

https://content.aia.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/2020_Code_of_Ethics.pdf

whether the project be large or small. Whether a project be for a famous company or a small community center, there should be access to those who wish to seek architectural services. Accessibility within the architecture realm has been of discussion for years and continues to be; however, I hope there continues to be a push to highlight the importance of equitable access.

In conclusion, I have outlined various values and principles that I wish to implement in my academic and professional career. As a designer I wish to focus on sustainable efforts in order to create a project that has effective performance. I also wish to highlight the environmental accessibility for a community through the accessibility of sunlight and energy. Furthermore, I believe that designers should also concern themselves with the accessibility of architecture services. With that being said, I also believe that designers should avoid the saviour complex that tries to “save” communities through western ideologies as each community has its own beliefs, values, and culture that enables them to grow and sustain lifetimes. Lastly, I wish to

Works Cited Browning, Bill. “The Impact and Benefits of Biophilia in the Workplace” Terrapin Bright Green, May 20, 2018. Web. Accessed 3 January 2022. https://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/blog/2018/05/the-impact-and-benefits-of-biophilia-in -the-workplace/

Linsell, Nikki. “Design Like You Give a Damn- About What Exactly?” UIA2014 DURBAN Architecture OTHERWHERE, 2014. Print.

“2020 Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct.” American Institute of Architects. Web. Accessed 3 January 2022. https://content.aia.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/2020_Code_of_Ethics.pdf

civic architecture

Leawood Speculative Office by El Dorado

Inspired by facade design including the louver system. https://www.archdaily.com/785670/leawood-speculative-office-el-dorado/57132635e58ece5989000057-leawood-speculative-office-el-dorado-image

The Kendeda Building

by Miller Hull and Lord Aeck Sargent Inspired by design strategies to address daylight. https://www.dezeen.com/2021/06/06/giant-photovoltaic-canopy-tops-net-positive-kendeda-building-in-atlanta/

Benton County Historical Society Corvallis Museum by Allied Works Architecture The organization of program and its use of voids within the form inspired my project. Photograph ©Jeremy Bitterman, JSA. “Benton County Historical Society Corvallis Museum / Allied Works Architecture “ 11 Oct 2021. ArchDaily. Accessed 10 Dec 2021. https://www.archdaily. com/969961/benton-county-historical-society-corvallis-museum-allied-works-architecture

Kennels

by Atelier GOM The heavy implementation and material inspired the character and use of materiality for my project. Photograph © Huijin Zheng. “Kennels / Atelier GOM” 02 Dec 2021. ArchDaily. Accessed 10 Dec 2021. https://www.archdaily. com/972523/kennels-atelier-gom

DIGITEO LABS

Shenzhen Art Museum and Library

Inspired by experiential staircase and open first floor.

For initial form, this precedent inspired the idea of having a split building form.

by Behnisch Architekten

https://behnisch.com/work/projects/0351

by KSP Jurgen Engel Architekten

https://www.dezeen.com/2015/12/11/new-chinese-museums-construction-boom-opening-money-cant-buy-culture-china/

145 NVT Office Building

The French International School by Beijing by Jacques Ferrier Architecture

Intrigued by the dynamic twisting form that prioritizes open spaces where natural daylighting is welcome.

Inspired by kinetic skin design that wraps around building.

by Group A Architects

https://www.behance.net/gallery/43162727/145-NVT-Office-building-Officesarchitects/

https://www.archdaily.com/799615/the-french-international-school-of-beijing-jacques-ferrier-architecture/582d76d4e58ece5 f93000280-the-french-international-school-of-beijing-jacques-ferrier-architecture-photo2020. http://archdaily.com/189339/poetry-foundation-john-ronan-architects/

EXPERIENTIAL NARRATIVE

There are two main clients we wish to serve whom are: (1) the attending law students at this school and (2) the populations the law students wish to serve specifically Latin American immigrants and refugees.

res

r ie n s t a t ia l ir s

res

Given the busy lives of law students due to the challenging academic work, we envision our project to support their educational, social, and career goals through programmatic elements that have been catered to support such areas. Furthermore, we also wish for the students to connect with the populations they are providing legal services to in a way that is conscious of diverse cultures, religions, and ideas.

In addition, we also wish to implement an Interpretive Center that seeks to bridge and bring community to both the law students and marginalized communities through our moonshot program. Our moonshot, which is a Civil Rights and Education Center, provides marginalized communities with tailored programs to help ease their legal journeys. The programs consist of a Skilled Jobs Center, Interpretive Center, and Paralegal Services, among others. The Civil Rights and

adjacency study

PROGRAM

moot court faculty office support moonshot shared resources

student collaboration student success instructional spaces

P R O C E S S A A C C TT II V V A A TT II O O N N EE N N G G A A G G EE M M EE N N TT

P PR RO O TT EE C C TT EE D D SS P PA AC C EE SS ++ SS EE R RV V II C C EE

D D EE SS II G GN N C CO ON NC C EE PP TT ++ SS O O LL A A RR RR EE SS PP O ON N SS EE SECTION

NA TI

AV E

me c h a n i c a l a i r b a se d syste m wi th plenum su mmer so listic e 8 0 d egrees

c i rc u l a tion c or e e gr e ss syste ms w in ter so listic e 3 3 d egrees stru c tu re Gi r de r De p th 2 6 ” Be a m De p th 2 2 ” s h a d i n g d ev i c e mechanical louvered facade

da y l i gh t stra tegy b a ke d sol a r p a n e l gl a zi n g N

Scale 1/25”=1’0” 5’ 10’

stru c tu re s teel f ram in g s y s tem

n atu ral v en tilatio n s tack ed ven tilatio n f o un d atio n system s trip p ed f o u n d atio n (inver ted T b eam )

floor to floor 1 5 ’ f l oor h e i gh t to r e a c h E U I goa l s

E NTRY

Transverse Section 1/16" = 1'-0"

Sc ale 1 /1 6 ” = 1 ’ 0 ” 0'

16'

32'

25’

50’

38.00

33.00

38.00

29.28

38.00

33.00

38.00

res

r ie n s t a t ia l ir s

res

adjacency study

PROGRAM

moot court faculty office support moonshot shared resources

student collaboration student success instructional spaces

ACADEMICS

COMMUNITY

The competitive nature of law school highlights the importance of having various study spaces.

Along with study spaces, we seek to encourage peer collaboration with dedicated spaces.

ABODE

The project will provide housing for students throughout their collegiate experience.

Throughout this project, the primary focus of the programs are to prioritize community for our clients.

We seek to provide a strategy based design solution in accordance with standards for sustainablity.

Project Statement: The — Multicultural Center How might we design as a part of the community and not separate from it? Through intensive analysis and data to further comprehend the surrounding neighborhoods and backgrounds. Most importantly, immersing ourselves with the site and the people of the site to further understand their perspectives. GOALS FOR MULTICULTURAL CENTER: ●

● ●

To engage a dialogue between law students and the culture of their clients in the pursuit of creating spaces for immigrants and refugees throughout their legal journeys To foster a sense of community between law students but also a sense of community for those who they will serve Speciﬁcally help Latin American immigrants through resources such as language classes and other workshops

Experiential Narrative: There are two audiences or clients we wish to serve through this Multicultural Center and one of these clients is: (1) the attending law students of this school and (2) the populations the law students wish to serve. Given the busy lives of law students due to the challenging academic work, we envision the Multicultural Center to be a space for these students to recharge. At the Multicultural Center, we hope that the students can connect with the populations they are providing legal services to in a way that is conscious of the different cultures, religions, and ideas. Essentially, the Multicultural Center is a center that wishes to bridge and bring community to both the law students and marginalized communities through the programs provided. The other clients we seek to serve through this Multicultural/Language Center are the populations that the law school students are aiding in their legal journeys. These clients speciﬁcally include Latin American immigrants and refugees. Furthermore, given that it is understood how strenuous and challenging these legal journeys may be, we wish to bring a sense of community at the Multicultural Center. By implementing language classes, a community kitchen, and gallery spaces we hope that these clients can have a space to process and also celebrate their identities.

Sample image caption

gabri el a guevara | arch 352 | wi nter 2 02 2

Th e su n path ch a r t hi g h l i g hts t h e a m o unt of s o l a r g a i n t h e p ro j e c t w i l l re c e i ve.

The wind char t s hows t he maj o r it y of wind co ming fro m t he west .

The temperat ure char t s hows t he war mer and co o l er mo nt hs at t he s ite.

C H U L A V I S TA

E UI , W ind Ro se, S un Path , Psych o m etric C h a r t

INDIVIDUAL DAYLIGHT STUDY GABRIELA GUEVARA

INSTRUCTOR STACEY WHITE

PROJECT LOCATION: SAN DIEGO, CA GROSS SQUARE FEET: 100,000=

In my initial study, the first model had an sDA percentage of 29%; therefore, I continued to experiment further to understand what would increase the sDA for this particular project.

In order to increase the sDA in my second study, I decided to increase the transmittance from 0.65 to 0.7. The increase in transmittance helped increase the sDA, but only a tiny bit.

In my third study, I increase floor to floor height to feet. I also increased the window height to 7 feet while decreasing the sill height to 2 feet. By increasing window to wall ratio, this helped increase the sDA.

g a b r i el a g ueva ra | arch 3 5 2 | winter 2022

Th e su n pat h c h a r t h ig h lig hts t h e a m o u nt of s o l a r g a i n t h e p ro j e c t wi l l re c e i ve.

Th e wi n d c h a r t s h ows t h e m a j o r i t y of w i nd co m i ng fro m th e we st.

Th e te m p e rat u re c h a r t s h ows t h e wa r m e r a n d c o o le r m o nth s at th e si te.

C H U L A V I S TA

EUI , Win d Rose, Sun Path, Psychometric Char t

g a b r i el a g ueva ra | arch 3 5 2 | winter 2022

1 Solar Shading through the implementation of louvers a n d o v e r h a n g s . source: 2030 Palette

2 Internal Heat Gain achieved through solar g l a z i n g m e t h o d s . source: 2030

3 Natural ventilation implemented through cross v e n t i l a t i o n t e c h n i q u e . source: 2030

4 Passive solar direct gain achieved through glass f a c i n g s o u t h . source: 2030 Palette

Palette

Th e p syc h ro m et r i c c h a r t d e s c r i b e s th e te m e prature to h um i di ty rati o wh i l e a l s o h i g h l i g hti ng th e be st de si g n strate g i e s.

DESIGN STRATEGIES 1 SOL AR S H AD IN G 2 IN T E RN AL H E AT GAIN 3 N AT U R AL V E N T IL AT ION C OO LI NG 4 PASS IV E SOL AR D IRECT GAI N HI G H M ASS

C H U L A V I S TA

EUI , Win d Rose, Sun Path, Psychometric Char t

TEAM MATRIX CASWELL ESPINOZA GABRIELA GUEVARA

gabriela guevara | arch 352 | winter 2022

INSTRUCTOR: STACEY WHITE PROJECT LOCATION: PHOENIX, AZ GROSS SQUARE FEET: 100,000 TARGET EUI: 27

Th e s u n pat h c h ar t h i g h l i g hts t h e a m o u nt of s o l a r g a i n t h e pro j e c t w i l l re c e i ve.

EUI: 43 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 104814 S.F. (104.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.357 S:V Ratio: 58:1000 Put your notes here

EUI: 41 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 104814 S.F. (104.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 12.36 WWR: 0.151 S:V Ratio: 62:1000 Put your notes here

EUI: 44 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 101485 S.F. (101.4% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 12 WWR: 0.333 0 Ratio: 65:1000 S:V Put your notes here

EUI: 44 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 105737 S.F. (105.7% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.285 S:V Ratio: 145:1000 63:1000 Put your notes here

EUI: 41 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 105737 S.F. (105.7% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 15.94 WWR: 0.125 - Ratio: 60:1000 S:V Put your notes here

EUI: 42 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 106117 S.F. (106.1% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 15.94 WWR: 0.125 S:V Ratio: 53:1000 88:1000 Put your notes here

Th e wi n d c h a r t s h ows t h e m a j o r i t y of w i n d c o m i n g f ro m t h e we st .

EUI: 29 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 95659 S.F. (95.6% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 15 WWR: -0.167 -S:V Ratio: 95:1000 Put your notes here

EUI: 41 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 105224 S.F. (105.2% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 15 WWR: -0.167 - Ratio: 100:1000 S:V Put your notes here

EUI: 41 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 101172 S.F. (101.1% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 15 WWR: -0.167 S:V Ratio: 55:1000 96:1000 Put your notes here

SUMMARY As we explored, Caz and I had a variety of results regarding EUI. We found that it was influenced by many factors including building form, glazing, and floor to floor height. Floor to floor height was the most influential when determining the EUI. We explored more forms with extrusions while also investigating forms with more courtyard and atrium spaces. One problem that we both should work to fix in further development is attentionThtoe tesquare footage since our m pe rat u re c h a r t s h ows t h e wa r m e r a n d c o o l e r m o nt h s at t h e s i te. iterations were far to large. This might look like fewer floors or larger atrium spaces in the bigger picture. Either way, it is our understanding that a taller floor to floor height is the most important factor in lowering a building’s C H U L A V I S TA EUI. E U I , W i n d Ro s e, S u n Pat h , Psyc h o m et r i c C h a r t

INDIVIDUAL MATRIX GABRIELA GUEVARA

gabriela guevara | arch 352 | winter 2022

INSTRUCTOR STACEY WHITE

PROJECT LOCATION: PHOENIX, AZ GROSS SQUARE FEET: 100,000 TARGET EUI: 27

EUI: 43 kBtu/ft2/yr Total S.F.: 104814 S.F. (104.8% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.357 S:V Ratio: 58:1000 Put your notes here

EUI: 44 kBtu/ft2/yr Th e s u n pat h c h ar t h i g h l i g hts t h e a m o u nt of S.F.: s o l a105737 r g a i nS.F. t h e pro j e c t w i l l re c e i ve. Total (105.7% of Target S.F.) # of Stories: 5 F.F. Height: 14 WWR: 0.285 S:V Ratio: 145:1000 63:1000 Put your notes here