INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR “JUAN MONTALVO” CARRERA DE INFORMÁTICA Y REPARACIÓN DE COMPUTADORAS
SEGUNDO SEMESTRE
MATERIA: English Level I
PERÍODO: Abril – Septiembre 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .............................................................................................4 UNIT 1 VOCABULARY Classroom phrases………………………………………………………….…… The alphabet ........................................................................................... 5 Numbers ................................................................................................ 6 Days and Months .................................................................................... 7 UNIT 2 DAILY ACTIVITIES …………………………………………………… Possessive Adjectives ............................................................................. 8 Subject Pronouns .................................................................................... 1 Prepositions ........................................................................................... 12 UNIT 3 PARTS OF THE BODY ………………………………………………………….. Singular and Plural Nouns ……………………………………………………….. Count and no-count Nouns………………………………………………………. There is/are ………………………………………………………………………..
UNIT 4 PRESENT TENSE Simple Present to be .......................................................................... 19 Present Continuous ............................................................................. 36
Anexos .......................................................................................................67
Bibliography............................................................................................... 70
English Level I
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ENGLISH IMPORTANCE INTRODUTION
Communicate with people English is the most commonly used language among foreign language speakers. Throughout the world, when people from different nationalities want to communicate, they commonly use English language. That is why we like to call it “the language of communication”. Moreover, speaking English will enable you to contact people from all over the world and to travel more easily. Push your career forward All over the world, speaking English immediately opens up opportunities. Being able to communicate with foreign clients and business partners will provide you a more challenging position in your career. You will also have the option to apply for jobs requiring English like for instance a Manager position. So get your dream job, start learning English! Get access to knowledge English is also internationally recognized as the language of science. Most of the knowledge related to computer or health by example is in English. Being able to use English in your researches – especially on the Web - will give you unlimited access to knowledge! Enjoy art like never before English lets you feel the culture of the world like no other language. Learning it will offer you the opportunity to do wonderful things. English is the language of the Film industry and learning it means you will no longer have to rely on subtitles or dubbed versions. You will also be able to read books written by English-speaking authors in their original version. Last but not least, music is much better if you can understand the meaning. We are sure that you will be satisfied to enjoy Englishlanguage music more! Moreover, English is an easy language to learn and to use. It is based on an alphabet and, compared to Chinese, it can be learned fairly quickly. So, learning another language isn't just about communication or professional purposes, it will also give you advantages you had never imagined. Learning English can change your life for the better!
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English Level I
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DESCRIPTION OF THIS UNIT This unit aims to study the English vocabulary. Thus, the intention of this unit is that students learn the essential vocabulary to forming for each tense, know how to use the appropriately basic vocabulary in a sentence, recognize the correct tense within a conversation, dialogue or a reading passage. Furthermore, it is pretended that students are able to use vocabulary according to the tense they are referring to. For this purpose it is extremely necessary for the students to learn and memorize the vocabulary their meaning in Spanish.
In this unit you will learn the following topics:
Classroom phrases The alphabet Numbers Days and Months Statement of the problem: Since tenses are complex structures that require mastery and practice, it is very important to provide exercises and activities for students to learn these tenses in a practical way and making use of real situations. Moreover, it is imperative that students perform a logical analysis when identifying a certain tense within a sentence for it to have coherence and sense.
Expected results: The expected results for this unit are: Students familiarize well with Classroom phrases
Students know by themselves to talk about the alphabet, numbers, days and Months, and to explain the difference between the English tenses. Students are able to apply the appropriate vocabulary according to the situation or context to which they are talking about.
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_
Classroom phrases Add more words. Are the statements right or wrong? Are you ready? Ask questions. Can I go to the bathroom? Can I help? Can I open the window, please? Can I say it in Spanish? Can you repeat that, please? Check your answers. Choose two questions. Collect information about...
Frases utilizadas en el aula
Complete the sentences with words from the text. Complete the text. Copy the chart. Correct the mistakes. Correct the wrong sentences. Divide the text into five parts. Do you agree with ...? Explain...
Añada más palabras Son las oraciones correctas o incorrectas? Están listos? / Está listo/a? Realice preguntas. Puedo ir al baño? Puedo ayudar? Puedo abrir la ventana, por favor? Puedo decirlo en Español? Puede repetir, por favor? Revisen sus respuestas Escoja dos preguntas Reúna información sobre… Compare sus respuestas con su compañero/a Complete las oraciones con palabras del texto Complete el texto Copie el cuadro Corrija los errores Corrija las oraciones incorrectas Divida el texto en cinco partes Está de acuerdo con…? Explique…
Fill in the right words.
Complete con las palabras correctas
Compare your answers with your partner.
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Find a partner. Find arguments.
Encuentre un compañero/a Encuentre argumentos
Find the questions to the answers. Finish the story. Give good reasons for your opinions. Guess... How might the story go on? How do you say “tarea” in English? Imagine... Listen to the CD.
Encuentre las preguntas a las respuestas Finalice la historia Dé buenas razones para sus opiniones Adivine… Cómo podría la historia continuar? Cómo se dice “tarea” en inglés? Imagine… Escuche el CD
Look at the pictures. Make notes.
Observe los gráficos Tome notas.
Make sentences. Make up more conversations with a partner. Match the sentence parts. Match the sentences to the questions. Open your textbook on page 25. (guide, notebook, folder, diary) Put in the right verbs. Put the sentences in the right order. Put the verbs in the right groups. Read out loud. Remember... Sorry, I haven't got my homework. Sorry? Suppose... Talk about pets. Talk to your partner. Throw the dice. Use ... Turn to page 5 What is the story about? What day is it?...It´s Saturday What is the date today?...It´s October 5th What is the meaning of “door” in Spanish? What lines from the text go with the pictures?
Realice oraciones Realice más conversaciones con un compañero/a Una las partes de la oración Un alas oraciones con las preguntas Abra su libro en la página 25. (guía, cuaderno, carpeta, diario) Ponga los verbos correctos Ponga las oraciones en el orden correcto Ponga los verbos en los grupos correctos Lea en voz alta Recuerde… Lo siento, no tengo mi tarea Perdón? Suponga… Hable sobre mascotas. Converse con su compañero/a Lance el dado Use… Vaya a la página 5 De qué trata la historia? Qué día es hoy?...Es sábado Cuál es la fecha de hoy?...Es 5 de Octubre Qué significa “door” en español? Qué líneas del texto van con los dibujos?
Write a story. Write about Peter.
Escriba una historia Escriba sobre Pedro
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Write the sentences in the right order.
Escriba las oraciones en el orden correcto
Setting the Context Use this role play to practice introducing yourself. Study the verb "to be" with questions such as "Where are you from?, What's your name? Are you American? etc. “to help continue the conversation with your partner.
Introductions 1. Hello. My name's Peter. What's your name? 2. Janet. 1. Where are you from Janet? 2. I'm from Seattle. Where are you from? 1. I'm from Madrid. 2. Are you American? 1. Yes, I am. Are you Spanish? 2. Yes I am. Key Vocabulary My name is... What's (is) your name ... Where are you from? I'm from... Are you (Spanish, American, German, etc.) Hello and Goodbye – Three Short Conversations Hello 1. Hello, Peter. How are you? 2. Fine, thanks. How are you?
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1. I'm fine, thank you. Goodbye
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COMPLETE TEHE TABLE USE THE PREVIOUS INFORMATION
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First name
Last name
Josué
Vega
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ALPHABET
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NUMBERS
Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers A Cardinal Number is a number that says how many of something there are, such as one, two, three, four, five. An Ordinal Number is a number that tells the position of something in a list, such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th etc.
Cardinal 1 One 2 Two 3 Three 4 Four 5 Five 6 Six 7 Seven 8 Eight 9 Nine 10 Ten 11 Eleven 12 Twelve 13 Thirteen 14 Fourteen 15 Fifteen 16 Sixteen 17 Seventeen 18 Eighteen 19 Nineteen 20 Twenty 21 Twenty one 22 Twenty two
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Ordinal 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd
First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Thirteenth Fourteenth Fifteenth Sixteenth Seventeenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-first Twenty-second
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23 24 25 30 31 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1000
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Twenty three 23rd Twenty four 24th Twenty five 25th Thirty 30th Thirty one 31th Forty 40th Fifty 50th Sixty 60th Seventy 70th Eighty 80th Ninety 90th One hundred 100th One thousand 1000th
Twenty-third Twenty-fourth Twenty-fifth Thirtieth Thirty-first Fortieth Fiftieth Sixtieth Seventieth Eightieth Ninetieth Hundredth Thousandth
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DAY OF THE WEEK AND MONTHS OF THE WEEK
Note that the months and days of the week are always capitalised. If you don't want to write the whole words, you can use the abbreviations. In British English, abbreviations are usually written without full stops (Apr), full stops are normal, however, in American English (Apr.).
Months are abbreviated as follows:
Month
Abbreviation
Month
Abbreviation
January
Jan
July
-
February
Feb
August
Aug
March
Mar
September
Sept
April
Apr
October
Oct
May
-
November
Nov
June
-
December
Dec
Days of the week are abbreviated as follows:
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Day
Abbreviation
Monday
Mon
Tuesday
Tue
Wednesday
Wed
Thursday
Thu
Friday
Fri
Saturday
Sat
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Sunday
Sun
a. Have a look at James's last week's diary and answer the questions in complete sentences. Put the time expression at the end of the sentence.
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
football
shopping
meeting
ring Jane
buy flowers
cinema
Tennis
English
Italian restaurant
1.
When was his English course? →
2.
When did he go shopping? →
3.
When did he buy flowers? →
4.
When was his meeting? →
5.
When did he play football? →
6.
When did he go to the Italian restaurant? →
7.
When did he ring Jane? →
8.
When did he go to the cinema? →
9.
When did he play tennis? →
Fri
Sat
Sun
concert
sailing
10. When was the concert? → 11. When did he go sailing? →
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b. Circle the correct answer. Q1 - The first month of the year is... January December
Q2 - The last month of the year is... January December
Q3 - There are 7 12 365
Q4 - We use _ numbers with dates. cardinal (one, two three...) ordinal (first, second, third...)
_ months in a year.
Q5 - April comes before... March May
Q6 _ is the shortest month. February May
Q7 _ is the twelfth month. November December
Q8 - The seventh month is.... June July August
Q9 - April is fourth the fourth
Q10 - November is the eleven eleventh
month.
Q11 - Winter starts in November December
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.
month.
Q12 - We use the preposition months. in on
with
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DESCRIPTION OF THIS UNIT This unit aims to study the English vocabulary. Thus, the intention of this unit is that students learn the essential vocabulary to forming for each tense, know how to use the appropriately basic vocabulary in a sentence, recognize the correct tense within a conversation, dialogue or a reading passage. Furthermore, it is pretended that students are able to use vocabulary according to the tense they are referring to. For this purpose it is extremely necessary for the students to learn and memorize the vocabulary their meaning in Spanish.
In this unit you will learn the following topics:
Daily activities Subject pronouns Prepositions Statement of the problem: Since tenses are complex structures that require mastery and practice, it is very important to provide exercises and activities for students to learn these tenses in a practical way and making use of real situations. Moreover, it is imperative that students perform a logical analysis when identifying a certain tense within a sentence for it to have coherence and sense.
Expected results: The expected results for this unit are:
Students familiarize well with daily activities Students know by themselves to talk using Subject pronouns and to explain the difference between the English tenses. Students are able to apply the appropriate prepositions according to the situation or context to which they are talking about.
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What do you do? Expression: What time (… do you usually go to bed)? Response: I usually go to bed about 11:00 PM. Expression: What days do (… you have off from work)? Response: My days off are Saturday and Sunday. Expression: When do you (… do your laundry)? Response: I do my laundry on Saturdays
Daily routines expressions
o wake up to get up to go to the bathroom to have a shower to have a bath to wash one's face to brush one's teeth to brush one's hair to comb one's hair to have breakfast to read the paper to listen to the radio to watch TV to go to work to go to school to study to read a book to use the computer to play with the computer to chat to send an email to phone a friend to cook to make dinner to have dinner to set/lay the table to clear the table
English Level I
despertarse levantarse ir al baño ducharse bañarse lavarse la cara cepillarse los dientes cepillarse el cabello peinarse desayunar leer el periódico escuchar la radio mirar televisión ir a trabajar ir a la escuela estudiar leer un libro usar la computadora jugar con la computadora charlar enviar un email llamar a un amigo por teléfono cocinar preparar la cena cenar poner la mesa levantar la mesa
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to do the dishes to go to bed to sleep to dream
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lavar los platos ir a la cama dormir soĂąar
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1) Choose the best alternative
a)
I
b)
at 7 o'clock in the morning.
I
c)
d)
e)
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_ at 9 o'clock in the morning.
I
I
at 10 o'clock at night.
_at 5 o'clock in the afternoon.
I
at 4 o'clock in the afternoon.
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2) Find the words
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_
SUBJECT PRONOUNS
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The subject of a sentence is a person or thing that performs the action of the verb. Subject pronouns are used to replace the subject (person or thing) of a verb. We do NOT normally say: 
John is tall and John is intelligent.
Saying the word "John" twice is repetitive and does not sound natural. We replace the Subject (John) that appears the second time with a subject pronoun to avoid repetition (and in this case to avoid saying the name John again.) So we would say: 
John is tall and he is intelligent.
We replace the second "John" with the Subject Pronoun "He".
What are the subject pronouns in English? These are the subject pronouns we use in English
Subject Pronoun
Singular or Plural - Who?
Masculine or Feminine
I
Singular - first person
masculine or feminine
You
Singular - second person
masculine or feminine
He
Singular - third person
only masculine
She
Singular - third person
only feminine
It
Singular - third person
object / thing / animal
We
Plural - first person
masculine or feminine
You
Plural - second person
masculine or feminine
They
Plural - third person
masculine or feminine
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When do you use IT? IT is normally used when we refer to objects, things, animals or ideas (and not normally people).
The dog is big. It is also hairy. (It = the dog) My bed is small but it is comfortable. (It = my bed)
Sometimes when we don't know the sex of a baby (we don't know if it is a boy or girl), then we can use IT.
Their baby is very small. It only weighs 2 kilos. (It = the baby.)
We use IT we when talk about the time, weather or temperature.
It is five o'clock (= the time is five o'clock) It is cold today. (= the weather is cold today.) It is 30º outside right now. (= the temperature is 30º outside right now).
A. Replace the words in brackets by the correct personal pronouns. Note that Sue is the
person speaking. The (*) means that you are asked a question. 1. My name is Sue. (Sue)
am English. And this is my family.
2. My mum's name is Angie. (Angie) _ 3. Bob is my dad. (My dad)
_ is from Germany. is a waiter.
4. On the left you can see Simon. (Simon) 5. (Sue and Simon) _
is my brother.
are twins.
6. Our dog is a girl, Judy. (Judy)
is two years old.
7. (Sue, Simon, Angie and Bob) _
live in Canterbury.
8. (Canterbury) _
_ is not far from London.
9. My grandparents live in London. (My grandparents)
often come and see
us. 10. What can (*) _
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tell me about your family?
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b. Fill in the correct personal pronoun I - you - he - she - it - we - you - they 1. My name is Andrea.
am 10 years old.
2. Pedro and Pablo are my friends.
are from Mexico.
3. Pedro and Pablo look alike and most people ask them, "Are 4. Pedro and I like to play tennis.
_ play at the club.
5. Pablo likes to play football. 6. Linda is my sister.
_ plays with his neighbours. does not like sports.
7. My older brother has a horse. 8. He asked, "Linda, do
twins?"
_ is a gentle mare. want to go horseback riding?"
c. Choose the correct personal pronoun.
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PREPOSITIONS
Setting the Context
READ IT Whath’s in your office? David: I've got a new office now‌ Maria: That's great! Congratulations. David: I'll need a desk and some cabinets. How many cabinets are there in your office? Maria: I think there are four cabinets in my office. David: And do you have any furniture in your office? I mean other than the chair at your desk. Maria: Oh yes, I've got a sofa and two comfortable armchairs. David: Are there any tables in your office? Maria: Yes, I've got a table in front of the sof a. David: Is there a computer in your office? Maria: Oh yes, I keep a laptop on my desk next to the phone. David: Are there any flowers or plants in your office? Maria: Yes, there are a few plants near the window. David: Where's your sofa? Maria: The sofa is in front of the window, between the two armchairs. David: Thanks a lot for your help Janet. This gives me a good idea of how to arrange my office. Maria: My pleasure. Good luck with your decorating!
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PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE Prepositions can be used to show where something is located. - See more at: Preposition of place
Explanation
inside
Example
in
used to show an exact position or particular place table events place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, study, work)
attached next to or along the side of (river) used to show that something is in a position above something else and touching it. left, right a floor in a house used for showing some methods of traveling television, radio
not far away in distance
at
on
by, next to, beside, near
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I watch TV in the living-room I live in New York Look at the picture in the book She looks at herself in the mirror. She is in the car. Look at the girl in the picture This is the best team in the world I met her at the entrance, at the bus stop She sat at the table at a concert, at the party at the movies, at university, atwork
Look at the picture on the wall Cambridge is on the River Cam. The book is on the desk A smile on his face The shop is on the left My apartment is on the first floor I love traveling on trains /on the bus / on a plane My favorite program on TV, on the radio The girl who is by / next
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to /beside the house. between
in or into the space which separates two places, people or objects
The town lies halfway betweenRome and Florence.
behind
at the back (of)
I hung my coat behind the door.
in front of
further forward than someone or something else
She started talking to the man in front of her
under
lower than (or covered by) something else
the cat is under the chair.
below
lower than something else.
the plane is just below the the cloud
above
higher than something else, but not directly over it
a path above the lake
across
from one side to the other of something with clear limits / getting to the other side
She walked across the field/road. He sailed across the Atlantic
in the direction of bed
We went to Prague last year. I go to bed at ten.
to
a. Complete the exercise according to the picture. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
the picture, I can see a woman. The woman is sitting a table. She is sitting a chair. There is another chair _ the woman. Her feet are the table
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6. The woman is holding a cup her hands. 7. the table are a laptop, a paper, a calculator, an appointment calendar, two pens and a muffin. 8. The woman is looking her laptop. 9. The woman's bag is the table.
b. Choose the right preposition of place: 1. the picture, I can see a family a kitchen. 2. There is a dish full of fruits the worktop. 3. The mother is standing _ her son and daughter. 4. She is holding a vase _ in her hand. 5. The son and the daughter are sitting _ the worktop smiling each other. 6. There are beautiful cupbords _ the wall. 7. There is a window the mother. 8. The woman is looking her daughter. c. Circle the correct answer. 1) The picture is
the wall.
a) in b) under c) on 2) The desks are
the blackboard in the classroom.
a) opposite b) between c) above 3) The cat always sleeps
my bed.
a) under b) above c) between
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4) The lamp is
the table.
a) in b) above c) on 5) The book is
the mug and the pen.
a) in b) between c) on
6) There is a bench
my house.
a) under b) on c) in front of 7) There are apple trees
the house.
a) behind b) in c) on 8) The bookshop is
_ the bank.
a) between b) above c) next to 9) There is a museum _ the school. a) in b) opposite c) under 10) There is a bed _
my room.
a) in b) on c) under
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DESCRIPTION OF THIS UNIT This unit aims to study the English vocabulary. Thus, the intention of this unit is that students learn the essential vocabulary to forming for each tense, know how to use the appropriately basic vocabulary in a sentence, recognize the correct tense within a conversation, dialogue or a reading passage. Furthermore, it is pretended that students are able to use vocabulary according to the tense they are referring to. For this purpose it is extremely necessary for the students to learn and memorize the vocabulary their meaning in Spanish.
In this unit you will learn the following topics:
Parts of the body Singular and plural nouns Countable and un-countable nouns There is and there are
Statement of the problem: Since tenses are complex structures that require mastery and practice, it is very important to provide exercises and activities for students to learn these tenses in a practical way and making use of real situations. Moreover, it is imperative that students perform a logical analysis when identifying a certain tense within a sentence for it to have coherence and sense.
Expected results: The expected results for this unit are:
Students familiarize well with the parts of the body Students know by themselves to talk using singular and plural nouns Students are able to apply the appropriate there is or there are according to the situation or context to which they are talking about.
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a. Match the pictures:
_
_
_
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_
_
_
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b. How many parts of the body do we have? head knees neck
fingers ears toes
one / two / ten
eyes shoulders feet
mouth _ legs
nose arms
_back
PLURAL AND SINGULAR NOUNS _
A noun names a person, place, thing, or idea. Usually, the first page of a grammar book tells you about nouns. Nouns give names of concrete or abstract things in our lives. As babies learn "mom," "dad," or "milk" as their first word, nouns should be the first topic when you study a foreign language. Forming Plurals 1. Most of the nouns are made plural by adding an 's': pen - pens pencil - pencils book - books file - files 2. Nouns ending with s, ss, z, zz, x, ch, sh, and tch are made plural by adding "es" to the singular form: wish - wishes watch - watches fox - foxes bus - buses
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3. If a noun's singular form ends with a consonant plus y, you must change the y to I and then add "es": baby - babies candy - candies sky - skies spy - spies Attention: Proper nouns are exceptions to the rule. the Wendys (not Wendies) the Kennedys (not Kennedies) 4. Some Irregular Plural Forms: man - men woman - women foot - feet tooth - teeth child - children medium- media Attention: A singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb. Therefore: The media are presenting the story inaccurately. Women are usually more sensitive than men. Forming Plurals Table Forming Plurals
Singular Plural
a. Most nouns take S at the end of their singular forms.
camera lesson
cameras lessons
b. If the noun ends in S, Z, CH, SH, O, SS, or X, we add ES.
potato pass tax
potatoes passes taxes
* EXCEPTIONS.
radio photo
radios potos
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c. If the noun ends in F or Fe, change F or FE to V, and add - ES.
knife wife thief shelf
knives wives thieves shelves
d. If the noun ends in Y preceded by a consonant, change Y to I; and add -ES(ies)
fly baby country city
flies babies countries cities
e. Some nouns have irregular plural forms
child foot tooth man sheep
children feet teeth men sheep
Non-Singular/Plural Form Nouns
Singular
Plural
No Singular Form
No Plural Form
pencil car city woman book dictionary lesson foot
pencils cars cities women books dictionarie s lessons feet
cattle trousers scissors pliers police glasses pants shorts
news information measles furniture baggage advice knowledge rubbish
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Singular/Plural of "Verb TO BE" a. A library is a useful building. Libraries are useful buildings. b. She is a clever girl. They are clever girls. c. Is it a new shelf? Are they new shelves? d. Are these boys hungry? Is this boy hungry? e. He isn't a worker. They aren't workers.
a. What is the correct plural of the word? 1. These (person)
are protesting against the president.
2. The (woman)
over there want to meet the manager.
3. My (child)
hate eating pasta.
4. I am ill. My (foot)
hurt.
5. Muslims kill (sheep)
in a religious celebration.
6. I clean my (tooth)
_ three times a day.
7. The (student ) 8. The (fish)
are doing the exercise right now. I bought is in the fridge.
9. They are sending some (man) 10. Most (houswife)
_ to fix the roof. work more than ten hours a day at home.
11. Where did you put the (knife) 12. On the (shelf) _ 13. (Goose) 14. (Piano) 15. Some (policeman)
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? _ .
like water. are expensive came to arrest him.
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16. Where is my (luggage)
?
17. In the car! b. Write down the correct form of the plural: 1. city -
.
2. house -
.
3. boy -
_.
4. family 5. life -
. _ .
6. photo - _
.
7. phone -
.
8. sandwich -
.
9. nurse 10. elf -
. _.
11. phenomenon -
.
12. criterion -
_.
13. village 14. toy -
_ . _ .
WORKING IN THE BANK When I first started working in a bank in the center of the city, I was always afraid someone might rob me. I was behind bulletproof glass, but the alarm buttons always reminded me that someone could rob me. We had secret signals that changed every day, and there was an automatic alarm that rang when the last money came out of my drawer.
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Sure enough, one day a man I thought looked suspicious entered the bank. He walked by the other tellers to come to me. I thought he knew I didn't have much experience. He put his hand into his pocket, pulled out a note, and put it under the teller window. I was very scared, dropped down under the counter, and hit the alarm button. The guards came and held the man. Then I read the note. It said, "Would you have lunch with me?"
COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS In English, there are two kinds of nouns: count nouns and non-count nouns. It is important to understand the difference between them, because they often use different articles, and non-count nouns usually have no plural. Here is a summary of the differences: Type of noun
Explanation
Count nouns
Count nouns are things which can be counted. That means that there can be more than one of them. Also, when a count noun is singular and indefinite, the article “a/an” is often used with it. (The real meaning of “a” is “one”.)
Noncount nouns
Non-count nouns (or uncounted nouns) are usually things which cannot be counted, such as rice or water. Non-count nouns have a singular form, but when they are indefinite, we either use the word “some” or nothing at all instead of an article.
Example “There are two books on the table.” “There is an elephant in my car.” “Could I have some water please?” “I'd like rice with my steak.”
How to tell whether a noun is count or non-count
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You can usually work out whether a noun is count or non-count by thinking about it. Count nouns are usually objects which can be counted. Non-count nouns are often substances (such as sand, water or rice) which cannot be easily counted, or they may be large abstract ideas such as “nature”, “space” or “entertainment”. Here are some more examples: Count nouns pen table car idea answer student exam shoe
Non-count nouns education intelligence clothing soap air cheese grass literature
MORE ABOUT CONTABLE AND NON-CONTABLE NOUNS CONTAINERS
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a. Complete the chart
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THERE IS / THERE ARE _
HOUSE OF THE FUTURE
Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, has a $53,392,000 house in Medina, Washington. There are seven bedrooms, twenty four bathrooms and six kitchens in his house. There is a huge library and even a movie theater. The security system includes cameras and sensors in the floor. The house computer system automatically turns on music when you enter a room. Questions 1. How many bedrooms are there? 2. Is there a movie theater?
We use there is and there are to say that something exists. Positive Sentences We use there is for singular and there are for plural.
There is one table in the classroom. There are three chairs in the classroom. There is a spider in the bath. There are many people at the bus stop.
Contractions The contraction of there is is there's.
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There's a good song on the radio. There's only one chocolate left in the box.
You cannot contract there are.
There are nine cats on the roof. There are only five weeks until Christmas.
Negative Form The negative is formed by putting not after is or are:
There is not a horse in the field. There are not eight children in the school. There is not a tree in the garden. There are not two elephants in the zoo.
The Negative contractions are: There's not = There isn't There are not = There aren't There Are with ANY When we want to indicate that a zero quantity of something exists we use there aren't any.
There aren't any people at the party. There aren't any trees in my street.
We also use this structure with uncountable nouns:
There isn't any water in the swimming pool. There isn't any sugar in my coffee.
Questions To form a question we place is / are in front of there. Again we use any with plural questions or those which use uncountable nouns. We also use there is / are in short answers.
Is there a dog in the supermarket? - No, there isn't.
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Are there any dogs in the park? - Yes, there are. Is there a security guard in the shop? - Yes, there is. Are there any polar bears in Antarctica? - No, there aren't. Is there any ice-cream in the freezer? - Yes, there is.
How Many with Are There If we want to find out the number of objects that exist we use How many in the following form: How many + plural noun + are there (+ complement).
How many dogs are there in the park? How many students are there in your class? How many countries are there in South America? How many Star Wars films are there?
A. Complete the sentences using "there is" or "there are". 1.
books on the table.
2.
many cars in the street.
3.
a picture on the wall.
4.
a pencil near the book.
5.
many trees in the forest.
6.
a cat under the table.
7.
seven apples in the fridge.
8.
a dog in the house.
9.
a monkey on the tree.
10.
many rooms in my house.
B. Complete the sentences using "Is there" or "Are there". 1.
an opera in our city?
2.
many girls in your class?
3.
a police-station near the hospital?
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4.
any bananas in the basket?
5.
trees in the park?
C. Complete the sentences using "there isn't" or "there aren't". 1.
many peaople in the streets.
2. 3.
any plates on the table.
4.
any milk in the bottle.
5.
any coffee in the cup.
D. Complete the sentences using "there is" / "there are" / "is there" / "are there" / "there isn't" / "there aren't". 1.
someone looking at me.
2.
many boys in the school?
3.
any magazine in her room.
4.
any soccer stadium here?
E. Read the sentences and answer the questions. 1. Are there any shirts in Kim's room? -> Yes,
_ shirts in Kim's
room. 2. Are there any cupboards in Rita's kitchen? -> Yes,
cupboards
in Rita's kitchen. 3. Is there a glass of water in Kim's room? ->No, 4. Are there any skirts in Kim's room? -> Yes,
glasses of water _ skirts in Kim's
room.
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DESCRIPTION OF THIS UNIT This unit aims to study the English verb tenses. Thus, the intention of this unit is that students learn the grammatical construction for each tense, know how to use the grammatical structures appropriately in a sentence, recognize the correct tense within a conversation, dialogue or a reading passage. Furthermore, it is pretended that students are able to use both regular and irregular verbs according to the tense they are referring to. For this purpose it is extremely necessary for the students to learn and memorize the verbs in their infinitive, past, past participle forms and their meaning in Spanish.
In this unit you will learn the following topics: The simple present tense The present verb to be The present with other verbs
Statement of the problem: Since tenses are complex structures that require mastery and practice, it is very important to provide exercises and activities for students to learn these tenses in a practical way and making use of real situations. Moreover, it is imperative that students perform a logical analysis when identifying a certain tense within a sentence for it to have coherence and sense.
Expected results: The expected results for this unit are: Students familiarize well with regular and irregular verbs as well as with their infinitive, past and past participle forms. Students know by themselves to explain the difference between the English tenses. Students are able to apply the appropriate tense according to the situation or context to which they are talking about.
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Setting the Context
Pre-reading Questions
How do you usually feel during your first few days at a new school? Share your ideas and experiences while answering these questions about the picture.
Who are these people, and where are they? Describe the two young people in the center of the picture.
What problem does one of the students have?
How will she sol ve it?
READ THE CONVERSATION.
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The First Day Steve: Sandra: me? Steve: Sandra: Steve: Sandra: Steve: Sandra: Steve: Sandra: Steve: Sandra: Steve:
Do you need some help? You seem lost. Thanks, I am lost. I need to find the foreign student office. Can you help Sure, I`m on my way near there right now. Do you want to come with me? By the way, my name is Steve. What´s yours? I´m Sandra. Where do you come from, Sandra? I come from Colombia. I´m here to study English. Are you from here? No, I´m not from Madison. I´m from Canada, from Toronto. I started high school in Canada, but I plan to finish my studies here. What is your field of interest? I am studying Spanish. I have a lot of grammar courses now. They´re very crowded this year. Do you live in a dorm? No, I don´t. I´m here with my parents. We have a house on the other side of town. Where do you live? I was in a friend´s apartment, but I hope to move into Meyer Dormitory this afternoon. There´s the foreign student office. Good luck!
Discussing Ideas 1. 2. 3. 4.
Where is Sandra from? What is Steve´s field of interest? What are dormitories? Do you live in an apartment, a house or a dormitory?
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The Simple Present Tense ‘’TO BE’’
The verb ‘to be’ is different from the other verbs in this tense.
The verb TO BE in simple present tense has 3 forms. AM, IS, ARE.
AM
AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS
Long Forms
I am a student.
She is college.
Contracted Forms
I´m here
She´s here
Long Forms NEGATIVE STATEMEN TS
YES / NO QUESTIONS AND SHORT ANSWERS
IS
Contracted Forms
at
the We are in the library. We´re in the library
AM IS I am not a student She is not at the college.
ARE We are not in the library.
I´m not a teacher
We aren´t in the library
Questions
AM Am I late?
Affirmative Negative
ARE
She isn´t here
IS
Yes,I am.
Is she at college? Yes, she is.
ARE the Are they in the library? Yes, they are.
No, I´m not.
No, she isn´t.
No, they aren´t.
A. Complete : am / is/ are
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1. My father driver. 2. It 3.She teacher. 4.This 5.That 6.It
a taxi
a cute cat. your music _my new car. my villa.
7.It
13.Mr. Beek teacher.
8.We
good friends.
14.David
9.They today.
at school
15.The kids
_our English _our family doctor. in U.S.A now.
10.My grandparents old.
16. I and Ben
sick.
11.You
17. The apples
are red.
12.I
winter.
cool in spring .
a bad pupil. _hungry.
18. My schoolbag
green.
B. Choose the correct answer: am / is/ are 1. Rita a. am
_ my friend. b. is c. are
7. Sara and I a. am b. is
_ happy. c. are
brown. c. are
8. The summer a. am b. is
hot. c. are
c. are
9 Tami and Rina a. am b. is
_ pupils. c. are
4. Monkeys a. am b. is
funny. c. are
10. My jacket a. am b. is
blue and pink. c. are
5. Dana and I a. am b. is
teachers. c. are
11. They _ not at home now. a. am b. is c. are
2. The chair a. am b. is 3. It a. am
b. is
6. The sky a. am b. is
late.
full of stars. c. are
12. The weather a. am b. is
rainy today. c. are
C. Complete the with am / is/ are
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Today _ Thursday. It 9 o'clock in the morning. The pupils _ at school. Their classroom_ _big and nice. There three desks and six chairs. There a purple door . The window closed. There four girls and three boys in the classroom. They sitting on the chairs. Only one boy on the floor. His name _Roberto. Roberto working with a map. His bag on the green map. The teacher standing next to the desk. He talking now. The children not listening to him. They drawing.
1. Where is the teacher?
4. What is not open?
a. outside
a. the books
b. on the chair
b. the schoolbag
c. next to the desk 2. What day is it today?
c. the window 5. Where are the pupils sitting?
a. Tuesday
a. on the floor
b. Monday
b. at home
c. Thursday 3. How many pupils are there in the classroom?
c. on the chairs 6. What time is it now?
a. six
a. eight o'clock
b. seven
b. nine o'clock c. ten o'clock
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_
_
Setting the Context
Read the conversation Asking about families Rita: Tell me about your brother and sister, Karen. Karen: Well, my sister is a lawyer. Rita: Really? Does she live here in Loja? Karen: Yes, she does. But she´s working in Cuenca right now. Her job is top secret. Rita: Wow! And what does your brother do? Karen: He´s a painter. He´s working in Quito this month. He has an exhibition there. Rita: What an interesting family! Discussing Ideas – Discutiendo Ideas 1. Where does Karen`s sister live? 2. What does Karen´s brother do?
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE USE The Present Continuous Tense is used in these situations: Activities at the moment of speaking Actividades al momento de hablar. Activities currently in progress Actividades actualmente en progreso. Plans for the future Planes para el futuro.
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Time expressions such as these often appear with the present continuous tense. Expresiones de tiempo tales como éstas aparecen con el tiempo presente continuo: -
Now Right Now At this moment Today This week (month, year, etc) These days Currently Nowadays
Ahora Ahora mismo / Inmediatamente En este momento Hoy Esta semana (mes, año, etc) Estos días Actualmente Hoy en día / actualmente
El clima está mejorando.
The present continuous (sometimes called the present progressive) tense in English is really easy to make and is the same for all verbs.
We make it using the present simple of ‘be’ + main verb-ing:
AFFIRMATIVE FORM: Here is how we make the positive form (Aquí tenemos cómo elaborar la forma positiva): Positive Long Form
Positive Contracted Form
I am sleeping You are sleeping He is sleeping She is sleeping It is sleeping
I'm sleeping You're sleeping He's sleeping She's sleeping It's sleeping
We are sleeping
We're sleeping
They are sleeping
They're sleeping
Translation (Yo) estoy durmiendo. (Tú) estás durmiendo. (Él) está durmiendo. (Ella) está durmiendo. (Esto - animal) está durmiendo. (Nosotros) estamos durmiendo. (Ellos) están durmiendo.
NEGATIVE FORM: We can make the negative form by adding ‘not’
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Negative Long Form I am not sleeping You are not playing He is not reading She is not working It is not raining
Negative Contracted Form I'm not sleeping You aren't playing He isn't reading She isn't working It isn't raining
We are not cooking
We aren't cooking
They are not listening
They aren't listening
Translation (Yo) no estoy durmiendo. (Tú) no estás jugando (Él) no está leyendo (Ella) no está trabajando (Esto - clima) no está lloviendo (Nosotros) no estamos cocinando (Ellos) no están escuchando
INTERROGATIVE FORM: Questions are also really, really easy. Just like we made the question with ‘be’ in the present simple, here we also put ‘am’, ‘is’, or ‘are’ before the subject to make a 'yes / no' question:
Yes / No Questions
Am I eating chocolate ? Are you studying now ? Is he working ? Is she doing her homework ? Is it raining ? Are we meeting at six ? Are they coming ?
Translation ¿Estoy comiendo chocolate? ¿Estás estudiando ahora? ¿Él está trabajando? ¿Ella está haciendo su tarea? ¿Está lloviendo? ¿Nos estamos reuniendo a las seis? ¿Están viniendo?
For ‘wh’ questions, just put the question word at the front:
Wh Questions
Why am I eating chocolate ? What are you studying now ? When is he working ? What is she doing ? Why is it raining ? Who are we meeting ? How are they travelling ?
Translation ¿Por qué estoy comiendo chocolate? ¿Qué estás estudiando ahora? ¿Dónde está trabajando (él?) ¿Qué está haciendo (ella)? ¿Por qué está lloviendo? ¿Con quién nos estamos reuniendo? ¿Cómo están viajando (ellos)?
IMPORTANT REMINDER Present Continuous Tense QUESTIONS Are you living at home now? Is she still working in Seattle?
English Level I
ANSWERS Yes, I am. / No, I`m not. Yes, she is. / No, she isn´t.
Verbs not used in the present continuous tense Have Know
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Are they going to college this year? Where are you working this month? What is she doing these days?
Yes, they are. / No, they aren´t. I´m working in Japan. She´s teaching at the university.
Like Love Want
a) Write the –ing form of the following verbs, making any necessary spelling changes. Example: sit
b)
sitting
1. Study
2. Plan
3. Occur
4. Happen
5. Travel
6. Begin
7. Insist
8. Change
9. Write
10. Swim
11. Open
12. Work
13. Drive
14. Walk
15. Dream
16. Laugh
17. Run
18. Cook
Complete the conversation with present continuous form of the verbs in parenthesis. Use contractions when possible. Pay close attention to the spelling of the –ing forms.
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Daniel:
How are (be)your classes going (go) Maria?
(be) you
(take) a lot of different subjects? Maria:
Well, this semester I
(finish) all the basic psychology
courses, so I
(take) six classes. I
_
(try) to find a part-time job, too. This afternoon, I (interview) for a job at a psychology lab. Daniel:
You
_ (work) too hard! I
as much this semester, and I _ My brother and me _
_ (not study) (enjoy) life much more.
(play) on a soccer team, and we
(learn) about photography. We (plan) some trips too. Next weekend, we
_ (visit) some
friends in Chicago. Maria:
That´s great! Maybe next semester I´ll take it easy.
c) Complete these conversations using the simple present or the present continuous tense. 1.
A: B:
Is any one in your family looking for a job? Yes, my sister is. She _ (work) part time in a restaurant now, but she (look) for a job in a theater company. She _ (love) acting.
2.
A: B:
What is your bother doing these days? He _ (go) to college this semester. He (like) it a lot. He (study) mathematics.
3.
A: B:
Where do your parents live? They _
(live) in Chicago most of the time, but they (stay) in Florida this winter. They (have) a house there.
ERROR ANALYSIS
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Each of the following sentences has an error. Find the errors and correct them. Example:
Miguel looking for Linda´s phone number. Miguel is looking for Linda´s phone number.
1. Miguel is study art history this semester.
_
2. Is Linda stay in an apartment? _ 3. What is Miguel major in? _
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LIST OF COMMON IRREGULAR VERBS Infinitive (Base Form) Be Become Begin Bring Buy Choose Come Do Drink Drive Eat Fall Feel Find Fly Forget Get Give Go Have Hear Keep Know Leave Lend Let Loose Make Meet Pay Put Read Run Say
English Level I
Simple Past
Past Participle
was / were became began brought bought chose came did drank drove ate fell felt found flew forgot got gave went had heard kept knew left lent let lost made met paid put read (pronounced /red/) ran said
been become begun brought bought chosen come done drunk driven eaten fallen felt found flown forgotten got (gotten in USA) given gone had heard kept known left lent let lost made met paid put read (pronounced /red/) run said
Spanish Meaning ser / estar hacerse / ponerse comenzar / empezar traer comprar escoger / elegir venir hacer beber conducir comer caer sentir encontrar / hallar volar olvidar conseguir dar ir tener oĂr guardar saber / conocer dejar / salir / abandonar prestar permitir / dejar perder hacer / fabricar conocer / reunirse pagar poner / colocar leer correr decir
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See Sell Send Sing Sit Sleep Speak Stand Swim Take Teach Tell Think Understand Wear Write
saw sold sent sang sat slept spoke stood swam took taught told thought understood wore wrote
seen sold sent sung sat slept spoken stood swum taken taught told thought understood worn written
ver vender enviar cantar sentarse dormir hablar mantenerse (de pie) nadar tomar / coger enseĂąar decir / contar pensar entender vestir / ponerse escribir
PRONUNCIATION OF REGULAR PAST FORMS with /d /
with /t /
studied
worked
invited
stayed
watched
visited
English Level I
with /id/
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GENERAL REFERENCES BOOKS: 1. Kirn, E., & Hartmann, P. (2007). Interactions 1 – Reading (Silver Edition). McGraw-Hill Companies. Singapore 2. Richards, J., Hull, J., & Proctor, S. (2002). New Interchange . Student´s Book. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press 3. Smith, C., Bermejo, M., & Chang, E. (1979). Collins – Diccionario Español – Inglés / English – Spanish. Barcelona- España: Ediciones Grijalbo 4. Summers, D. (2005). Longman – Dictionary of Contemporary English. England: Pearson Education Limited 5. Tanka, J., & Baker, L. (2007). Interactions 2 – Listening and Speaking (Silver Edition). McGraw-Hill Companies. Singapore 6. Werner, P., & Nelson, J. (2007). Interactions 2 – Grammar (Silver Edition). McGraw-Hill Companies. Singapore WEB SITES: 1. Retrieved from http://www.thefreedictionary.com 2. Retrieved from http://www.wikipedia.org 3. Retrieved from http://www.ego4u.com 4. Retrieved from http://www.grammar-monster.com 5. Retrieved from http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca 6. Retrieved from http://www.eslcafe.com 7. Retrieved from http://www.chompchomp.com 8. Retrieved from http://www.engvid.com 9. Retrieved from http://www.englishbaby.com 10. Retrieved from http://www.antimoon.com 11. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com 12. Retrieved from http://www.grammaring.com 13. Retrieved from http://www.ompersonal.com 14. Retrieved from http://www.allposters.com.ar
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15. Retrieved from http://my.opera.com 16. Retrieved from http://www.quemellevodeviaje.com 17. Retrieved from http://www.curso-ingles.com/ 18. Retrieved from http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca 19. Retrieved from http://www.lyriczz.com/lyrics 20. Retrieved from http://spanish.about.com 21. Retrieved from http://www.usingenglish.com 22. Retrieved from http://www.englishpage.com 23. Retrieved from http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com 24. Retrieved from http://www.lyrics007.com 25. Retrieved from http://www.answers.com 26. Retrieved from http://www.schmoozd.com 27. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org
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