The Annual 13: Accumulation (SAMPLE)

Page 1

ACCUMULATION

THE ANNUAL 13



FEATURING Masters of Architecture, Landscape Architecture & Urban Design {Fall 2012 & Winter 2013} at the John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape & Design, University of Toronto PRESENTED BY the Graduate Architecture Landscape & Design Student Union {GALDSU} EDITED & DESIGNED BY Jasmeen Bains & Clarence Lacy PRINTED IN Toronto ON by Astley Gilbert Limited ISBN 978-0-7727-8831-3 COVER IMAGE: Math sketches of Performative Materiality, Hali Larsen {refer to page 048}

THE ANNUAL 13

So long and thanks for all the fish


ACCUMULATION

CORE STUDIOS

Core studios include the first two years of M.Arch and M.L.A. and the first year of M.U.D. and provide the theoretical and technical foundation for option studios and thesis.

OPTION STUDIOS

Option studios offer a range of subject, scale, method, and instructor in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design.

THESIS

Thesis studio work allows students to independently pursue subjects under the supervision of a faculty advisor.


Accumulation

Accumulation is the process continuously acquiring and building. Accumulation is a judicious and selective compounding of Numbers (concrete, discrete, quantitative and numeric information), Amounts (qualitative information) and Masses (indefinite and nebulous information).

within this overload of information, we have categorized the work in the following modes of accumulation:

Thoughtful design is derivative of a systematic accumulation of thoughts, ideas, data, opportunities, challenges, rules, regulations, and symbiotic creativity. Thoughtful academic projects process these ideas and test the boundaries and unknowns of discipline. Projects ranging from first year conceptual massing studies to complex parametric computations and layered synthetic systems all begin with this process of conscious and unconscious accumulation.

AMOUNT2

The 13th edition of The Annual focuses on this notion of accumulation and its role in student work at the Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design. While past editions of The Annual have been a venue to display seductive images of student thesis work, this edition presents a larger body of student work, not as stand-alone, finished, polished images, but as the product a year of active and passive accumulation. The 13th edition, again, put an emphasis on work most representative of student idea generation and design process, regardless of design discipline academic program. The focus is the importance of innovation in contemporary design discourse, giving priority to projects that both test the understood and accepted boundaries of design and are represented in a clear and beautiful manner, both polished and unpolished.

As designers we are conscious of the importance of the image. Accumulation does not only pertain to the imperceptible, but includes the tactile palpable Figure. Representation is not the rendering, the rendering is just one form of representation. The Figure represents the image that expresses its beauty not through aesthetic perfection, but through message. The Figure can stand alone and explain an idea, being the product or a piece of accumulated Number, Amount, or Mass.

We present The Annual 13: Accumulation as a portal through which one can understand the influences the academic environment as well as current economic, political and social conditions can have not only on student work but on design work in general. In order to create a comparable order

NUMBER1 Words and or symbols used to count

Option

Core

THE ANNUAL 13: ACCUMULATION

MASS3 A body of matter And as the representation of accumulation: FIGURE4

Editors Jasmeen Bains Clarence Lacy Notes: 01. Refer to pages 008-064. 02. Refer to pages 066-142. 03. Refer to pages 176-254. 04. Refer to pages 146-172.

Thesis

A quantity / measure / value / aggregate


NUMBER 009

015

023 025

COMPREHENSIVE SECTIONAL STUDIES > Emma Dunn & Venessa Heddle / Laura Fiset & Cassandra Kotva / Paul Harrison & Mark Ross / Jason Ho & Ehran Holm

061

PAN-AMERICAN HIGHWAY 2.0 > Kiani Keyvani

AMOUNT 067

REFUGEE LANDSCAPES > Lina Al-Dajani

071

RE-PURPOSE / A CATALYTIC ENGINE > Lisa Sato & Crystal Waddell

075

A CHILD FOR LA TUNDA: AN IDEA FOR BUENOS AIRES > Anne van Koeverden

HARNESSING ESTUARY FLOW > Ding Ding

079

IN THE WAY OF CITY > Melissa Maria Tovar

PROTECT THE EDGE, EXPOSE THE TIDE > Jessica Wagner

083

OVERBURDEN > Nicolas Barrette & Alexandra Berceanu / Emilia Hurd, Xiaoxiao Lu & Rachel Weston / Mary Hicks, James MacDonald-Nelson & Peter Osborne

091

CONNECTIVE LANDSCAPES > Matt Perotto

093

N-DIALECTICS OF TRANSDISCIPLINARITY > Greg Bunker

SOCIETY, ECONOMY & BUILT CONTEXT > Anne Louise Aboud, Eliza Oprescu, Xiaoxiao Lu & Megan Esopenko / Douglas Robb / Vinh Van / Emilia Hurd

027

MAKING A LOT > Malgorzata Farun

029

SUCCESSIONAL CITY > Julia Smachylo

033

THE MOVING & THE STILL: THE ECTASY OF THE FRAGMENT & THE TRIUMPH OF THE IMAGINATION > Martha Sparrow & Zeina Koreitem / Clarence Lacy & Yi Zhou

037

A LIVING ARCHIVE > Craig Deebank

095

FREE STATE OF TORONTO > Krister Holmes / Yoav Ickowicz

041

RESPONSIVE GEOMETRIES > Faisal Bashir

099

THE HOUSING PROBLEM > Dimitra Papantonis

045

MATERIAL / IMMATERIAL > Hali Larsen / Javid Alibhai

105

DELIRIOUS PARKDALE > Sophia Radev

049

MYTHOLOGIES OF THE DIGITAL > Ultan Byrne

107

WOOD AS CANADIAN IDENTITY > Verena Hornig / Ola-Ife Ojo

053

POST-INDUSTRIAL RECLAMATION > Robin Heathcote

111

CHARISMATIC MINI-FAUNA & THE URBAN PARK > Catherine Dean

057

TOWARDS REGENERATIVE URBANISM > Pegah Fahimian

115

HIGH STREET LOW STREET > Dina Sarhane


Contents

121

TRANSPOSABLE PARK > Shira Davis

123

THE “AS IF” SOCIETY > Azadeh Zaferni

129

THE MUSEUM > Novka Cosovic

133

CHANGING IDEALS & SHIFTING REALITIES IN THE TAIWAN STRAIT > Bobby Chiang

137

CATALYTIC LANDSCAPE > Lulu Yu

141

AQUATIC INTERCHANGE > Benjamin Matthews

149

FIGURE INTERLUDE Catherine Dean, Roxanne Bejjany, Ayesha Moghul, Tyler Bradt, Elliott Sturtevant & Leo Tang, Matthew Blunderfield, Jesse Lap Hao, Jasmeen Bains, Dina Sarhane, Zeina Koreitem, Felix Wing Suen, Kristen Duimering, Azadeh Zaferani, Yi Zhou, Novka Cosovic, Adam Nordfors, Clarence Lacy, Mehran Ataee, Bobby Chiang, Nora Barbu, Skanda Lin, Jason Ho & Ehran Holm, Douglas Robb, Melissa Maria Tovar, Paul Christian

MASS 177

USER, INTERFACE, DESIGN > Matthew Blundefield

181

PATTERNING LAND > David Kossowsky / Sarry Klein

183

COMMUNITY CENTRE > Caterina Cuda / Anamarija Korolj

185

ARCHITECTURAL PROVOCATIONS OF THE GOLDEN AGE > Joel Leon / Gladys Cheung

195

CULTURE & THE METROPOLIS > Doug Robb / Billy Chung / Lara Gumushdijan / Leon Lai / Megan Esopenko

201

CURATORIAL OPERATIONS > Jesse Lap Hao

203

MASS INDIVIDUALISM; THE FORM OF THE MULTITUDE > Nathan Bishop

209

DISORDERS > Kenneth Wong

213

AFFORDABLE UTOPIAS > Paul Christian / Duncan Sabiston

217

VACANT/MEMORIES > Matteo Maneiro

219

REIGN OF LOGIC > Mahan Javadi

223

SACRED AND PROFANE > Jasmeen Bains

227

BETWEEN THE RAVINE & THE CITY > Kristen Duimering / Jason Van Der Burg

231

THREE URBAN CEMETERIES > Tyler Bradt

237

PRODUCTION URBANISM > Skanda Lin

241

PERIMETERS OF RE-IMAGINED ARTIFACTS > Ayesha Moghul

245

POST BUBBLE APARTMENTS > Min Woo Kim

247

GROUNDING DIASPORA > Jasmeen Bains / Benjamin Matthews / Javid Alibhai / Robin Heathcote / Tings Chak

253

STORY OF THE EGG > Zeina Koreitem



NUMBER words or symbols used to count

Featuring: Emma Dunn & Venessa Heddle * Laura Fiset & Cassandra Kotva * Paul Harrison & Mark Ross * Jason Ho & Ehran Holm * Anne Aboud & Eliza Oprescu & Xiaoxiao Lu & Megan Esopenko * Megan Esopenko * Douglas Robb * Vinh Van * Emilia Hurd * Martha Sparrow & Zeina Koreitem * Clarence Lacy & Yi Zhou * Craig Deebank * Hali Larsen * Javid Alibhai * Jessica Wagner * Robin Heathcote * Ding Ding * Malgorzata Farun * Julia Smachylo * Kiani Keyvani * Pegah Fahimian * Ultan Byrne * Faisal Bashir


Figure 2 {below}: Land loss in Southeastern Louisiana, V. Van Figure 3 {next page}: Stormwater and street infrastructure of example coastal cities, A. Aboud, M. Esopenko, X. Lu & M. Esopenko

Anne Louise Aboud, Megan Esopenko, Xiaoxiao Lu & Eliza Oprescu / Emilia Hurd / Doug Robb / Vinh Van {E. Shelley, J. Wolff}

Sea level rise, climate change and aging infrastructure present design challenges for cites across North America. The city of New Orleans for the past few years has served as a datum and departure point for the final studio in the MLA core sequence. Water and a city’s relationship with water serves as a basis for examining New Orleans and it composition of highly complex landscape systems. The water dilemma raises many design issues that are rhetorical—what should the image of water be in urban environments, and how can that image help citizens understand the ecological conditions they inhabit?—and practical—how does rainwater hit the ground, travel through the city, and make its way to an open body of water?

These issues cross disciplines and arenas: they engage planning, urban and landscape design, architecture, engineering, economics, and politics. They involve landscape types from public infrastructure to civic space to private gardens. They demand reckoning with ecological systems from regional to residential scales. The research and design methods developed in the studio, though based in New Orleans, apply to a wide range of places. Through an investigation of the hydrological infrastructure of different cities at risk, the studio develops a shared taxonomy of common dilemmas, likely sites for design, and useful precedents to be applied in New Orleans.

NUMBER

015

Aboud, Esopenko, Lu, Oprescu / Hurd / Robb / Van

Society, Economy & Built Context


CHARLESTON

SOUTH CAROLINA

664,607 Metropolitian Po`pulation

x x

Aboud, Esopenko, Lu, Oprescu / Hurd / Robb / Van

5,965,343 1,526,006 City Population

1,167,764 343,829 City Population

x x

4,629 SQ MILES

Metropolitian Area

143 SQ MILES

x x

x x

3,755 SQ MILES

Metropolitian Area

350 SQ MILES

x x

City Area

Sanitary

780 MI / 1,255 KM

Combined Sewer

N/A

Roads

2,525 MI / 4,064 KM

Stormwater

3,300 MI / 5,310 KM

Sanitary

1,080 MI / 1,738 KM

Combined Sewer

1,920 MI / 3,089 KM

Roads

1,703 MI / 2,740 KM

Stormwater Sanitary

295,747 48,444 City Population

Roads x x

873 SQ MILES

Metropolitian Area

208 SQ MILES

x x

City Area

390,096 Metropolitian Population

297,943 City Population

x

Sanitary Combined Sewer

2,120 SQ MILES

Metropolitian Area x x

City Area

1,260 MI / 2,027 KM

Stormwater

NOVA SCOTIA x

1,600 MI / 2,574 KM

Combined Sewer

TEXAS

Metropolitian Population

NUMBER

650 MI / 1,046 KM

LOUISIANA

Metropolitian Population

016

x

City Area

NEW ORLEANS

HALIFAX

Stormwater

PENNSYLVANIA

Metropolitian Population

GALVESTON

134 SQ MILES

x

City Area

PHILADELPHIA

650 MI / 1,046 KM

Metropolitian Area

122,689 City Population

2,591 SQ MILES

Roads

56 SQ MILES

Roads

3,325 MI / 5,351 KM

Stormwater

435 MI / 700 KM

Sanitary

621 MI / 999 KM

Combined Sewer

186 MI / 300 KM


CUT > Clarence Lacy & Yi Zhou Koreitem & Sparrow / Lacy & Zhou

A experimental ďŹ lm that critiques designer ecology in landscape architectural practice, exploring broader design struggles between process and product, action and consequence. An emphasis on quick cuts, free association, and a mix of media, the ďŹ lm evokes a sense of uneasiness and incoherent fragmentation. The designer, the protagonist, and iconic Canadian landscape play a role in describing the subject of fragmentation in the contemporary landscape practice. Despite meeting his demise, the unlikely protagonist gets the last laugh.

034

NUMBER


NUMBER

035 Koreitem & Sparrow / Lacy & Zhou


Figure 1 {opposite}: Gulistan-e-Johar Station platform Figure 2-4 {opposite bottom}: Gulistane-Johar Station structural systems: A single beam is carved on the inside; offset stacked to attenuate outside noise while lack of exterior openings avoids automobile pollution Figure 1 {below}: A - C: precast beams are stacked, rotated (on z-axis) and mirrored (on y-axis); D - F: cross shaped male/ female plug allow beams to snap in place for vertical stack. Female plug is rotated at a constant degree increment to create ruled surface and rebar is added to reinforce the beam stack; G - J: circular plug system allow beams to be stacked and rotated at variable degree increments which creates hyperbolic geometry. Guide lines etched on each beam for ease of construction; K - L: beam dimensions are limited to standard truck size for ease of transportation to site

Responsive Geometries

Responsive Geometries aims to revisit advances in computation and fabrication as a cultural project within the context of Karachi, Pakistan; in an effort to produce formal and tectonic design logic that instill ‘civic memory’, therefore enhancing urban citizenship. Over the past three decades Karachi has seen poor economic development, sectarian violence and increase in crimes. This has led to flight of human capital to Arab and European countries. The shortage of skilled labour as well as trained design professionals has partly resulted into stagnation of architectural development. How does decline in skilled labour - due to lack of skill training and

A

B

G

H

C

export of labour - affect architectural design practices, and can advancement in digital computation and fabrication help address issues of architectural design, construction and urban citizenship? This thesis suggests the utilization of surplus workforce of information technology sector into the construction industry, enabling the production of parametric architectural systems that could pay homage to Karachi’s architectural heritage as well as enable unskilled workforce to construct complex structures. Three different Karachi Central Rail Stations were chosen due to their unique track typologies, including an elevated track, a ground level track and an underground track. This difference in sites will test the flexibility of proposed building system.

D

I

Bashir

Faisal Bashir {R. Levit feat. G. Baird}

E

J

K

F

12m x 3m

l

6m x 3m

NUMBER

041


& Bay

Figure 4 {top}: Individual beam design and aggregation in bays Figure 5 {middle}: Elevation

N

Figure 6 {bottom}: Interior of Shah Abdul Latif Bhitai Station a The 600mm beams are shaped to help articulate sunlight; protect from heat and attenuate noise.

Roof Beams

Platform

Track Beams

b The outside face of the beam is cut away to better modulate light, this allows for the interior to get brighter without direct sunlight.

Structural Arches - Built using variable rotation method

Bashir c The Inside face of the beam is shaped to help attenuate excessive interior noise.

042

NUMBER

Structural Wall - Built using constant rotation method


AMOUNT quantity, measure, value, or aggregate

Featuring: Lina Al-Dajani * Lisa Sato & Crystal Waddell * Anne van Koeverden * Melissa Maria Tovar * Nicolas Barrette & Alexandra Berceanu * Emilia Hurd & Xiaoxiao Lu & Rachel Weston * Mary Hicks & James MacDonald-Nelson & Peter Osborne * Matt Perotto * Greg Bunker * Krister Holmes * Yoav Ickowicz * Dimitra Papantonis * Sophia Radev * Verena Hornig * Ola-Ife Ojo * Catherine Dean * Dina Sarhane * Shira Davis * Azadeh Zaferni * Novka Cosovic * Bobby Chiang * Lulu Yu * Benjamin Matthews



1948

1953

AL-NAKBA agriculture

Red Cross Camps

1958

1963

1968

1973

MAKTAB AL-THANI / LE DEUXIEME BUREAU

A AL-THAURA

surveillance under Lebanon’s Secret Services

Cairo Accords (1969) C

UNRWA formation

construction ct of Beirut International Airport

1978

LEBANESE CIVIL WAR

Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)

1948 - Photograph of one of the many Red Cross Refugee Camps in the Beka’a Valley in Lebanon

JEEL FILISTEEN ϦϴτδϠϓ ϞϴΟ

JEEL AL-NAKBA ΔΒϜϨϟ΍ ϞϴΟ

http://www.reseau-terra.eu/article800.html

http://www.reseau-terra.eu/article800.html

http://www.1948.org.uk/photo-gallery/expelle d-palestine/2613978

The “Golden Era”

JEEL AL-UNRWA ΍ϭήϧϭϷ΍ ϞϴΟ

JEEL AL-THAWRA ΓέϮΜϟ΍ ϞϴΟ

1950’s - Burj al Barajneh Camp with a Pine Grove in the back and the beginnings of adobe and zinco construction

1970’s - Burj al Barajneh construction boom during the “Golden Era”

Al-Dajani

construction boom due to changes in authority introduction of private bathrooms 7 storeys

ZINC ROOFING

construction forbidden under the control of al-maktab al-thani RATION TIN SHEETS

1:150

EVOLUTION OF SHELTER

CONCRETE WALLS & ROOFS

refugee terminology: “chador” = shelter / cover

3 storeys

ADOBE / STONE / CLAY

By 1952, one third of refugees were dwelling in tents or barracks run by UNRWA refugee terminology: “beit” = house / home

CLOTH

1 storey

TENTS

LEBANESE RHETORIC:

CLANDESTINE DEVELOPMENT

ZINCO ROOFS

CONCRETE ROOFS & HORIZONTAL EXPANSION

GUEST / ϒϴο

TOPPING STRUCT

FEAR OF PERMANENCE

COMPETITO

VILLAGE RE-LOCATION

PINE GROVE

1948 42 42

40 40

38 38

40 40

38 38

38 38

36 36

34 34

32 32

42 42

4 40

KUWAYKATT K & AL-SHAYK DAWOUD 38

38

40

38

1950’s

36

34

32

PINE GROVE

30

AL-KABRI

28

28

AL-GHABISIYYA HA S YY

26

26

24

24

22

22

SHA’AB H

TARSHIHA

40 40

42 4 2

22 26

40 38

068

40 40

30 30

** evolution plans have been extropolated based on readings & interviews with refugees from Burj al Barajneh

1:5,000

EVOLUTION OF STRUCTURE

40 40

AMOUNT

34 36 32

30

28

24

residents of former Tarshiha, a town in the district of Acre in the Galilee settle in the Municipality of Burj al Barajneh after hearing word of a neighbour’s stay with a farmer in the area

TARSHIHA

refugees from nearby towns relocate from the South of Lebanon to be near one another

PROPOSED D AIRPORT ROAD

40

SUHMATA

42

22

NAHF 40 38

26 34 36 32

30

28

24

tents begin to form “clusters” as family & friends from the same towns relocate their shelters to be close to one another

SAFFURIYYA


1983

1988

1993

WAR OF THE CAMPS

1998

2003

2008

2013

POST-WAR BEIRUT

Israeli invasion & expulsion of the PLO

b The relationship between place and identity is more about the future than the past, more about where they are now and where they are going than simplyy about where they have been.

marginalization & introduction of new restrictive laws and regulations (especially labour laws)

u economic downturn in the oil-producing countries, sending home thousands of refugees and ending the remittances they sent home

http:// http://manasobject.tumblr.com/post/23054942998/androphiliaburj-al-barajneh-camp-lebanon

the Cairo Accords were abrogated

JEEL AL-HARB ΏήΤϟ΍ ϞϴΟ

JEEL Al-ARGUILEH ΔϠϴΟέϻ΍ ϞϴΟ 2012 - Current day Burj al Barajneh construction boom (fueled by rental market)

Al-Dajani

1988 - A Palestinian fighter holds a kitten in the refugee camp of Burj Al Barajneh near Beirut. It was taken on July 8, a day after pro-Syrian fighters ousted the PLO from the refugee camp, Arafat’s last stronghold in Beirut.

construction restricted but continues despite new laws & regulations

2012 HEIGHT MAP 1:10,000

TURES

DESTRUCTION DURING THE WAR

RS / INVADERS / ECONOMIC THREAT

40

42

40

REBUILDING

STRANGER / ΐϳήϏ

KUWAYKAT & AL-SHAYK DAWOUD 38

40

38

DENSIFICATION

38

FEAR OF TAWTEEN | PALESTINIAN = NON-LEBANESE

KUWAYKAT & AL-SHAYK DAWOUD

1969 - 1982 FARA 36

34

40

32

42

40

38

40

38

38

2012 36

34

32

30

AL-GHABISIYYA

30

AL-GHABISIYYA

AL-KABRI

AL-KABRI

28

28

26

26

24 22

24 22

MIXED / INFORMAL DEVELOPMENT TARSHIHA

TARSHIHA

population boom due proximity of new airport & an increase in job opportunities; there is also an improvement in the quality of available services with the presence of the PLO 40

SUHMATA

42

CEMETERY

22

NAHF

26

40 38

SHA’AB

residents from Fara leave the southern camp of Rashidieh due to violence during the camp wars & relocate in Burj al Barajneh

34 36 32

30

28

24

SAFFURIYYA

40

SUHMATA

42

22

NAHF

26

40 38

SHA’AB

34 36 32

30

28

24

SAFFURIYYA

slowed reconstruction & new building continue after the war, despite restrictions in new Lebanese laws & regulations

AMOUNT

069


1950s

Kitchen Time Line

Postwar era was marked by an expansion in kitchen size even by the 1950s the minimum size for a kitchen grew to 150ft2.

Turn of the Century Function of spaces became more distinct and so kitchens became more exclusive to food-prep. A typical bungalow had a compact 120ft2 kitchen with no table but everything within reach. Kitchens were proportional in size to the house itself.

19th Century

Aristocracy and developing middle class thought that food preparation was beneath them and ‘banished’ it to the basement. They were proud not to have to remain in, or enter, the ‘dirty’ room.

17th Century In Southeastern American colonies cooking was done indoors over an open fire in the early days but was later moved to a building apart for the house. Even in larger wealthier households, kitchens were either in a wing in the rear or separate from the house altogether.

A chimney-less central hearth.

Cave Dwellers and Nomads Fireplaces were not just built for warmth but to also prepare meals. Eating became enjoyed as a social event at which friends and family would gather.

Late 18th Century Separate dining rooms became more common.

1869 Melusina Fay Peirce’s neighbourhood strategy was to socialize housework under women’s control through neighbourhood networks. She coined the term ‘cooperative housekeeping’.

>The acceleration of the Industrial Revolution improves the kitchen and relieves woman of much labour.

>working class lived in 2 to 4 rooms and the “living” room lived up to its name as people continued the tradition of cooking, eating, socializing and sometimes even sleeping in it.

16th Century

18th Century

1869

1880s

Use of bricks to make chimneys - allowing for second floors and making kitchens more compact.

Walk-in fireplaces that were literally death traps. Burns ranked second to childbirth as the leading cause of women’s deaths.

Catharine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe invented new kitchen floor plans which lead to a domestic science movement. Modernist housing was more compact and better organized with built- in features.

August Bebel’s industrial strategy was to move traditional housework into the factory thereby abolishing the female domestic sphere.

20th Century (Early)

> The goal was to release the housewife from her domestic drudgery through better design.

The appeal of reducing the enormous amount of time and energy that went into meal production was recognized. Thus, strategies such as neighbourhood kitchens and communal food services were implemented. Some apartment buildings even offered cooperative dining and home delivery of meals cooked in a central kitchen.

Clarence Birdseye developed a quick freezing technology. This hits the market in 1930 and the first frozen prepared foods are developed in 1939. Three compartment dinners are served to the army in 1945 and hit the public realm in 1953, making $20 billion annually ($1 billion in 1950s).

>This becomes the model for modern kitchens.

>Can also be seen as the effects of the American Dream.

> Exploding the kitchen is a good example of “distributed domesticity”

Today As a cult object, the successor of the stove is the new restaurantcaliber stove for home use, few serious cooks actually require such size and power.

- Jamie Horwitz - we now do many things elsewhere that we use to do at the home.

1928

1940s

1967

1970

2002

Today

Today

Today

Poggenohi unveils the “reform” kitchen. It features connected cupboards and functional internal hardware. The kitchen moves from a workshop to hospitallike.

The kitchen work triangle model is developed addressing the efficiency of cooking, preparation and food storage, and is meant to maximize the efficiency of the kitchen. The model stemmed from Taylorist principles and also led to cost reduction through the standardizing of construction.

The introduction of domestic use of the microwave, discovered as a by-product of military research in 1945. 9/10 North American households own one.

Serving islands divided kitchen space from dining area in superkitchens.

Americans spent $6.6 billion on renovating their kitchens, with an average cost of $43,800. We are more material about domesticity than in the past. The kitchen is in the domestic spotlight and acts as a theatre of cooking a performance.

Back-to-the-future: the new superkitchen resembles the old hearth-centred ones from some 200 years ago. It is again often the busiest room in the house - used for nonkitchen tasks.

James Wentling says that breakfast areas lack the charm that the smaller eating nooks offered, that cramped but cozy spaces draw from the intimacy that small spaces evoke. In fact, a sense of togetherness results from dining in close quarters.

Bloomberg: “Our homes are increasingly not about shelter, but all kinds of lifestyle issues, especially status and success.”

>Can be considered a precursor to the modular fitted kitchen.

>She opened a kitchen lab in New York incorporating Taylor’s time and motion studies.

>Represents the relocation of cooking away from domestic kitchens to industrial plants.

> The kitchen is thought of as the highlight of a house tour, the one space that must satisfy all members.

> We have kitchens that are all ready for their close-ups that go empty most of the time and are largely used for microwaving frozen meals by people on different schedules. > We work hard to get the kitchen we want, not to have time to cook in it.

Dining Room Time Line Mid-20th Century

18th Century

The bedroom was seen as both a refuge Beds were also the and a dangerous settings for the most place that habored important stages of microbes - to deal an individual’s life: with this in the early births, marriages, 20th century, many and deaths were all people slept “in the solemnized in beds. fresh air” - opening a window, retiring to > The bedstead - the the “sleeping porch” wooden frame - has a or bedding down sacking bottom tightly outdoors in special laced across it. Resting clothing and tents. on the sacking a straw-stuffed mattress, > Through mistakenly and on top of that is a thinking dust harbored feather-stuffed “bed”, germs it discouraged pillows, and bolsters. for dust to collect on Unlike the lightly filled furniture, moving the down comforters and Victorian look to more feather-beds of today, modern aesthetic of the 18th century shining wood floors, version is firmly spare furnishing, area packed; an estimated rugs and painted 90 pounds of feathers walls that is often could be used to fill a aptly described by single feather-bed. designers as “clean”.

> Locus for intimate pursuits, hobbies and sleeping - decorated less to impress others than about our own individuality. > With drapes, across the bed, a bed can become a private room within a room, as well as much warmer and less drafty as the rest of the bed chamber. > Also a stage for the fashionable woman to sit and be waited on, or receive her friends.

The bed as we know it didn’t exist until the Industrial Revolution of the late 19th century, when metal inner springs for mattressess could be readily manfactured.

Today

This was a vast improvement from a crude sack stuffed with straw, cotton or the like supported on ropes hung from a wooden frame. Tightening these ropes inspired the expression “sleep tight” - because it was often vermininfested, people about to retire for the night announced they were “hitting the hay”

Early 20th Century

> well off: comforts of a cushioning featherbed and heavy curtains hung from bedposts that trapped body heat in what was often the home’s only truly warm place.

This was problematic in the popular apartments or onefloor home - where the solution: hallway still distances/ separates the bedroom from the living room.

Function trumps status. The bedroom transitions to a private place meant for sleeping and reoccupying.

Kathryn Anthany University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign our domestic splurging dates back to the prolonged spell of affluence that began in 1980s.

Today Designing and arranging closets has become a near science. Bedrooms grow bigger as our households become smaller and the spoils of our unparalleled consumerism require more and more storage space.

By the 1940s open living-dining areas in the so-called International style.

Today

Set Apart from the “public: home by a flight of stairs or a hallway, the bedroom is much more than just a place to sleep. It’s a refuge within the > High and low end refuge of the home domestic buying - a snug nest from binges clogged closets which we’re meant and cost the bedroom to emerge restored some of its traditional and ready to face serenity - cannot the larger domestic relax when looking at and outside world. clutter. As the home’s more private, mysterious > Master suite is space, however, the often attributed bedroom is sometimes to the needs of a the darkest. Its door dual-career couple can conceal loneliness simultaneous grooming and suffering as requires two bathroom well as comfort and pleasure. sinks.

With this if the postmodern living room is eclectic and personalized, it’s also multicultural, since 1960s America has become a more pluralistic society.

In Colonial America In early American houses, the “best room” was often the parental bedroom and was also used for many ceremonies, such as marriages and funerals for entertaining important visitors, and for storing prized possessions.

19th Century The feminine drawing room and its intimate style of socializing created the field of interior decoration, which, along with the term Living room, came into its own.

Japanese: wabi sabi, variously translated as the “perfect imperfection” or “never the same” quality that certain old things have. The growing population of Chinese-Americans popularized Feng Shui.

Today

Today The Great Room is a hundred year old American cultural experiment. Gradually shedding traditional manners and more to become more informal and open, while the home dropped walls and doors to the same end. Just as old-fashioned living and dining rooms were designed for paying calls and proper dinners, the great room is oriented around 24-7 electronic communications and casual, catch-as-catchcan meals. The space is an architectural illustration of the conflict between the ancient human need for community and the postmodern desire for autonomous choices, which has created a new definition of togetherness: being in the same place at the same time, but no longer necessarily doing the same thing.

In modern American and Canadian homes, the dining room is typically adjacent to the living room, being increasingly used only for formal dining with guests or on special occasions. For informal daily meals, most medium size houses and larger will have a space adjacent to the kitchen where table and chairs can be placed, larger spaces are often known as a dinette while a smaller one is called a breakfast nook.Smaller houses and condos may have a breakfast bar instead, often of a different height than the regular kitchen counter (either raised for stools or lowered for chairs). If a home lacks a dinette, breakfast nook, or breakfast bar, then the kitchen or family room will be used for day-to-day eating.

19th Century As the bourgeoisie expanded, the dining room became an increasingly important stage on which the drama of class was played out.

14th Century Over time, the nobility took more of their meals in the parlour which became functionally the dining room. The Black Death caused a shortage in labour and lead to a breakdown in the feudal system smaller more intimate gatherings became favourable.

In the Victorian era, the fashionable rich stopped serving “family-style” meals at the table in favor of restaurant-style service a la russe. There were 10 courses and dozens of tableware per person, which was attributed to their new awareness of germs, but really to establish wealth.

For much of history, simple people ate by the hearth and the wealthy in various parts of the large homes.

Medieval

17th Century

19th Century

Late 19th Century

Turn of the Century Today

Today

Medieval

18th Century

Early 20th Century

Today

Medieval

18th Century

Late 20th Century

In upper-class homes, the first room to be differentiated from the great hall was a kind of protokitchen at one end and the solar, or master and mistress’s secluded chamber, at the other.

Middle class expanded, special sleeping chambers had become more widespread but were by no means universal and were often shared by a number of people.

The built-in closet was a by-product of the accelerating Industrial Revolution . We now require a minimum of several feet of hanging space but until the burst of mass production in late 19th century, average people just didn’t own much.

Women’s rooms might have a couch, and a man’s, an armchair and both usually a desk, books and personal touches.

Before the advent of funeral homes, bodies were laid out in the bedroom; until the hospital’s reputation improved around the turn of the 20th century, one of its most important functions was to serve as the sick room.

Elizabeth Cromley points out this tradition of linking rooms to rank lives on...

The formal living room as we know it descended from the upper-class drawing room: the refuge to which English ladies withdrew from the masculine prospect of the medieval hall - a big, drafty, smoky chamber evocative of Beowulf.

As women’s status increased and the new leisure class expanded, the old halls and reception rooms seemed too large, formal and macho for new pastimes like tea parties and playing cars. These congenial pursuits soon migrated to the ladies’ smaller, daintier drawing room, where men were welcome but women were in charge. They designed the space with elegance and comfort in mind. The room’s lightweight, portable furniture could be arranged for easy conversation, and its chairs and couches were upholstered to allow for prolonged periods of sitting.

Elsie de Wolfe, America’s first woman interior designer to the elite, combined simple, comfortable chairs and couches with artwork, antiques, and important pieces to create the classic American living room that is still very much in evidence.

This Idea that the personality that your living room in particular expresses was formed not only by your nature, or your past experiences, but also by your nature - your biologically based temperament. The living room is a 3D representation of identity.

Upper Class in castles or large manor houses dined in the Great Hall. A large multi-function room capable of seating the bulk of the population of the house, and seating was based on rank.

The dining room as we know it came into its own with the growing leisure class, whose new padded chairs allowed them to eat and drink in more comfort and style, and at length. The room became more important and elaborate - and strongly associated with the ownership of fine things and the capacity to appreciate them.

Instead of a staid formal dining room, Marcel Breuer and Walter Gropius gave James Ford’s house, in Massachusetts, a table and chairs in a cheerful, open living-dining area whose wall of windows overlooked a pretty pond and cut the heating bills. This livable home’s sensibility is one of practical modern good taste, not opulent faux simplicity.

> A four-poster bed with four chairs parked against the wall beneath the window. A carpet is draped over the table against the right wall. At the other side of the room is the hearth.

As in bygone era, ours had put its stamp on the bedroom our unprecedented consumerism had mainstreamed the “master suite,” once the province of the rich. Two of the master bedrooms must have features, walk-in closet and queen or king bed.

> Even children had special rooms. > More of this idea of the personal and privates spaces, also made simpler and more hygienic.

Mass production, inexpensive readymade clothes compact storage, wire coat hangers - closets deep enough to accommodate - the first thing that ended up under the hallway staircase and in the bedroom.

These rooms had large chimneys and high ceilings and there would have been a free flow air through the numerous doors and windows.

Each of us is naturally attracted to places that offer just the right amount of stimulation: enough to keep us interested but in control. To achieve that comfortable state, the extrovert might head off to the nightclub or mountain peak and the introvert to the concert hall or hearth.

A pattern emerged where the ladies of the house would withdraw after dinner from the dining room to the drawing room. The gentlemen would remain in the dining room having drinks. The room thus tended to take on a more masculine tenor as a result.

Your living room is a personal expression, but it also reflects the larger culture. At the most basic level, this place illustrates the human tendency to set aside a room “for good” in any home of at least two.

Lego-Style; Christian Schallert

Housing Time Line

The second CIAM conference is held in Frankfurt on the topic of Existenzminimum. Here the housing problem becomes a key issue of the world post war. Gropius felt that the rationed dwelling must become the minimum requirement of every gainfully employed person, that the “minimum of space, air, light and heat necessary to men for developing their own vital fucntions without restrictions due to the loding” [Gropius 1959: 126]

This lead to the development of the Mezas Prison, in which prisoners apparently enjoyed the facilites. Several of which wre quoted saying “they would consider themselves quite lucky if they were free they could always be assured of such a comfortable dwelling”

1880s Until 1880, and well into the 20th century, housing made a relatively small demand on workers’ bedgets in comparison to food and other basic expenses. “Housing riots” were rare, to say the least.

Habitants: 1 Spaces: 4

Marina City Tower

Hannes Meyer For Meyer, housing was a more temperal thing, almost like a tent ready to move. The spaces he shows are set designs. They look like they can be packed up at any moment, and they are more descriptive about the space between the things we own.

Le Corbusier

Plans of such units were provided at an exhibition on the conference. Information provided included surface area, cubic volume, number of beds and window surface area. Each plan differed only in minor technical details

At close examination it is seen that Le Corb’s Bachelor unit is in fact a shrunk down version of his borgiousie unit. For Le Corb, the minimum dwelling is a 14 square meter compacted space fit for a Bachelor.

Studio apartments = 1 petal One bedroom = 1.5 petals Two bedroom = 2.5 petals

1869

Le Corbusier

Karl Teige

Alexander Klein

Karl Teige

The apartment alows architects and hygienist to begin to describe living space and public spaces in terms of hermetic, discontinuous, individual unita.

Melusina Fay Peirce’s neighbourhood strategy, to socialize housework under women’s control through neighbourhood networks. She coined the term ‘cooperative housekeeping’.

Le Corb felt that with modernist architecture, we should sweep aside old architectural conventions and ornaments, and even old ways of life in search for a “cell at the human scale” which “is to forget all existing houses, all existing building codes, habits and traditions”

These individual cells come along after the war and the advent of the indiviual dweller. For the first time ever, more people were living on their own. Karl Teige wrote “as a result, the family has become atomized into independent individuals, which in turn has made it necessary for individuals to maintain a certain psychological distance vis-a-vis each other even in marriage, and therefor at home as well. For these reasons, any rational solution to the minimum dwelling must posit the following rule as its most basic requirement: each adult individual must have his or her own separate (living and sleeping) space.”

Adding on to this idea of the new sense of indiviuality, add that “we must keep in mind the influence of symptoms of psychological fatigue that negatively influences man’s nervous system, caused by unpleasent feelings generated by an accidental disposition of the elements of the plan”

Unlike Le Corbusier, Teige felt that by exporting specific spaces from the dwelling unit and allowing them to be shared, the unit may in fact naturally shrink. This comes about with the increasing amount of people not only living alone but having exported many social engagements outside of their households.

Things that become apparent with Le Corb is that he had been paying attention to both Monk cells, but most importantly 19th Century French Experiments. The bases of Existenzimimum was thus based on this notion that the number of beds placed in each bedroom shall be in proportion to the rooms dimensions, such that there is at least 14 cubic meters per person, independent of ventilation

AMOUNT

With this Klein goes on to describe and design the ‘Functional House for Frictionless Living’

A solution for a group of hostel buildings without plumbing. A tower of prefabricated WC and shower units arranged along a spiral ramp with access to each floor. Creates social spaces as each student wonders up and down the ramp for available units.

Moving away from “the cult” of the right angle.

Skid Row; Michael Maltzan Examines the role of creating spaces of transformation with an extreme socioeconomic and urban context. The idea is how to counteract the insularity and hermetic nature of resident’s daily lives, amid concerns over safety and security, by introducing openness and social spaces in an effort to enable their reintegration into public life.

CONS - Have to share a washroom in the hallway with two other similar units. - Bare minimal kitchen has no sink, so even if you have enough space, you must use the washroom for water - unhygienic. - Is there enough stretching room? - Definitely only enough space for one person, comfortably. A couple might have an issue in here with the idea of more than one spaces happening at one time. How can more than one space work simultaneously?

CONS - Can a space this size be a little more private? While maintaining space/ openness - No bathtub, while the shower sits in living room almost like an art piece - Admitted by owner, after getting into a relationship, that it can truly only work for a bachelor - regardless its transformable nature - Laborious - not ideal for all types of people - No sink in the WC hands always washed in kitchen sink, is this sanitary?

Tower of Bathrooms; Nicolas Grimshaw

Shotgun House; Smallest House in Toronto Location: Toronto Size: 312 ft2 Dimensions: 2.2m by 34.6m Habitants: Ideal for those living alone, or with one other person Spaces: 4 distinct CONS - There are only two windows in such a long and narrow space, does this allow for enough natural light, especially considering their size? - Washroom is too far away from the bedroom - Open Laundry in intermediate hallway - What does the bedroom becomes when the bed is folded up, how easily is this space transformed, and is it really needed? Dinning room? Feels like an awkward space. - Needing to go through the bedroom to get to the backyard.

11.2m2

6m2

Location: Toronto

Cost: $800/Month

Technique: Clever Built-In Furniture

“Those long hallways with scores of doors opening anonymously are inhuman. Each person should retain his own relation to the core. It should be the relation of the branch to the tree, rather than of the cell to the honeycomb.” - Goldbery 1960

Smallest Condo Toronto

Technique: Transforming furniture; External living

Spaces: 4 (only one distinct)

Early 1840s

098

Size: 78 ft2

Habitants: 1 *Note: Christian recently moved out after getting into a relationship - this is a great bachelor pad

1929

In Australia, while the use of the dining room is still prevalent, family meals are also often eaten at a breakfast counter or in front of the television in the lounge.

Location: Manhattan

Size: 258 ft2/24 m2

Felix Leblanc sat in a cell at Paris’ Conciergerie prison - the room contained a bucket of water and a sample of bodily waste. The air tight space had two tubes attached to it that acted as an unstrument for regulating air flow. This was one of a series of French experiments on the minimium a person required to survive, Through this particular experiment, it was determined that 10 cubic meters per hour was sufficent, raised to 12 cubic meteres per hour in the summer time.

This was traditionally the case in England, where the dining room would for many families be used only on Sundays, other meals being eaten in the kitchen.

Walk-in-Closet; Luke Clark Tyler

Location: Barcelona

1843

7.2m2

Size: 301ft2 Habitants: 1 (maybe 2) Spaces: 4 Technique: Merge + Transform Spaces 3.2m

> Wealthy couples occupied adjoining chambers connected by an interior door that could be left open or closed.

The rich had dressing and storage rooms but most had no built-in closets. People shared their few possessions in cabinets and chests or hung them from hooks and pegs - sometimes concealed in an early shallow version of the closet.

“People still buy the idea that the master should have a suite”

1.7m

> The drawing to the right shows a woman entertaining friends from her impressive bed. “Le Visite a l’Accoucher,” from the suite “Mariage a le Ville,” c. 1630s at the British Museum.

> Highly value privacy and think of the bedroom as very personal but in welloff early American homes, the sleeping chamber was also the site of important social experiences, from visiting to sharing events such as birth and death.

2.2m

Papantonis

The living room began to drop its traditional walls and ways to turn into the openedup living-dining area. Flex living space soon found its way into new suburban houses and urban apartments alike. This urged everyone, as a 60s expression puts it, to “do your own thing”.

Late 19th Century

Victorian Era

> As society grew more concerned with the individual, the private, the upstairs realm became more sequestered from the ground floor public spaces.

> Persons of lower standing slept upstairs in a room or rooms that had several beds, shared regardless of gender and often with visiting strangers; servants usually bunked over the kitchen.

Many new homes have kitchen, living and dining rooms merging into the great room by demand of house owners who wanted to be able to see their family while cooking and architects need to figure out how to make space “flow”.

> Becomes a room-of-its-own status.

Living Room Time Line

> Gradually change from status to function as the home’s organizing principle dramatically changed the domestic environment and behavior.

The most illustrious person got to bed down in the nicest but not necessarily the most private room, so that the head of the household often slept in the first-floor “bestchamber”

There is an increasing number of our “strange, no-place places to eat”: the stool by the kitchen counter that faces the wall, the table by the TV, the computer desk, the car.

1990

Christine Frederick becomes interested in Taylorism, leading to books, courses and lectures to explain Taylorism to middleclass women. She argued that women played a vital role as consumers in a mass production economy.

Families who could afford to took trouble over decor - showing wealth and taste and adding to room’s comfort and privacy.

In Colonial America

Today

Where once a minimal amount of steps were prerequisites for an ideal, efficient design, now ample kitchens encouraged longer distances and wider spaces.

1912

Early 18th Century

Bedroom Time Line

>This also involved opening up to other areas of the home to facilitate the interaction between people in the kitchen and in adjacent areas.

1930

>This kitchen was dubbed the Frankfurt Kitchen. Everything was well laid out and it fit all the essentials. Its biggest problems was that it was not a flexible space. More than one person inhabiting the space at a time had not been considered.

0.8m2 3.3m

2

One Square Meter House; Van Bo Le-Mentzel and Corinne Rose + BMW Guggenheim Lab

Hallway House

Location: Berlin

Habitants: 1-2

Size: 1m2

Spaces: Various

Habitants: 1 (maybe 2)

Technique: Collective Spaces

Spaces: 3-ish? Technique: Basic Shelter Cost: $1.30 a night or 250 Euro to build out of mostly wood CONS Almost all of the above “pros” No lock - you can be carried away The inability to stretch out Cannot realistically be wherever you want - infrastructure for communal kitchens and washrooms need to be considered. Can be a “rooming house” but not a house itself. Not Stackable - still a density issue

2.3m

Location: China Size: 14-21 m2

CONS - Multiple designs not fixed architectural intervention, merely a transforming box. - What is the difference between a 14 - 21m2 units? - No real implications on how ‘Ant Tribe’ would work infrastructure for outsourced aspects of life.

2

CONS - Requires more privacy through architectural intervention? - Duel access to washroom - when bedroom, feels like ensuite, when guest are over use other entrance.

8.6m2

Overlap 3.2m2

2.7m

Medieval Kitchens

For the middle class farmers and workers in Europe however, all the household activities happened in one room since the house only consisted of one room.

> The stove becomes a cult object. >Big changes mid- century when Sarah Josepha Hale made Thanksgiving a national holiday oriented around the bounty that women provided from their kitchens.

Austria’s first female architect, Margarete Lihotzky, creates the galley kitchen to help solve the German housing problem. She drew inspiration from the kitchens she had seen in the dining car of a train which were tiny but could still produce enough food for 100 people.

>Transformation was accelerated by socioeconomic shifts. Many women were taking on better jobs in new factories and with cheap help, hard to find women were forced to tend to their own house leading to compact, well-designed houses with tight and efficient kitchens.

The cast-iron woodburning stove appears.

18th Century

> Major changes since WWII in the placement and the status of the kitchen. The superkitchen becomes popular as preparing, serving and cleaning up after baby boomers meant meals had to be more convenient and in an eat-in kitchen.

1926

14.2m2 7.4m2 5.6m2

4.4m2

Micro-Unit; New York Bloomberg pushes for Tiny, formerly illegal “Micro-Apartments”


Figure 1 {opposite top}: Kitchen timeline Figure 2 {opposite middle}: Bedroom, living and dining room timelines Figure 3 {opposite bottom}: Housing timelines Figure 4 {next page}: Bathroom timeline

The Housing Problem Papantonis

Dimitra Papantonis {J. May}

Microunits are an increasingly popular option for the growing demographics of singles, couples without children or lone parents. Recently the Mayor of New York even issued a competition for 300ft2 units, 100ft2 smaller than the legal minimum.

the typical bourgeoisie unit down to 14m2 for a bachelor. Whereas Teige argued for quality, not quantity of spaces, by exporting aspects from the house, collective housing allowed for quality shared spaces and private dwellings to shrink.

The housing problem is not new. Housing became an issue when woman entered the workforce, changing the traditional family. More people began living on their own, exporting social engagements outside of the household. This was reected in the CIAM II conference, focusing on Existenzminimum, the bare minimum a person needs to survive.

By looking at the history of spaces we live in, adjacent to our current lifestyles, we can tackle housing. This thesis investigates how by exporting the most private, but least used and expensive spaces of our dwellings, making them shared instead, the remaining unit may grow by re-purposing left behind space into larger living spaces, rather than shrinking down as Teige suggests. How can we create more quality spaces through communal living? Could this lead to more spacious and humane dwelling units?

Monks cells, and French prison cells experiments, among others, provided inspiration for modernists to develop new dwelling ideas. Le Corbusier shrunk

AMOUNT

099


BOXED FOREST > Verena Hornig Nearly half of Canada’s entire surface is covered by trees - the density of these forests served as inspiration - which create enclosed spaces that are not in fact enclosed at all, but open and accessible in all directions. As a result, one can feel both a sense of protection and insecurity, a fear of loss of orientation. Forests offer a flexibility of movement, with a lack of punctual elements to block or mark any specific course.

Documentation Room

Elevation South Scale: 1:100

N

pf ei l 18

46,00m

0,34m

4,45m

1,50m

1,50m

2,21m

10,00m

Floorplan Level 1 Scale: 1:100

Floorplan Level 2 Scale: 1:100 pf ei l 22

Movement Mechanism: The elements can slide through the roof; to enable this movement the wooden elements are hollow with a rail in the middle to fasten them at roof level and allow their movement. The rail has notches which are needed to lock the elements. By pushing the elements up the mechanism allows them to slide upwards. But the mechanism locks as soon as the elements move downwards. In this way the elements are saved from falling down. But if the exhibition concept determines them to move downwards, the rail in the middle can be rotated around 90 degrees. Only this controlled intervention makes a sliding down possible.

Ramp outside

FLEXIBILITY

pfe il

Detail-Section Scale: 1:25

18

anism

N

Ojo / Hornig

Section D-D Scale: 1:100

This design creates an exhibition hall that both encloses and opens space - allowing for flexible programming that can be arranged differently each year by the responsible curator.

108

AMOUNT


Figure 1 {opposite top}: Section, elevation, floorplan. Figure 2 {opposite bottom}: Module and flexibility concept.

Ojo / Hornig

Figure 3-5 {below}: Sections and elevation.

Can ntilever ttiilille ever er Con nnectio ction

AMOUNT

109


Sarhane

116

AMOUNT


Sarhane

AMOUNT

117


Chiang

134

AMOUNT


BORDER ENCLOSURE + SITUATING BACKDROP

CULTURE ECO PENINSULA

TO TOWN

FRAMING ENCLOSURE SEPARATION BY CHANNEL

TO TOWN

TRANS-ISLAND HWY REGIONAL AIRPORT

INTENSIFIED POINT OF ACCESS INTERMODAL CONNECTION DEMARCATION OF BORDER CITY

PORT RT ISLAND

FRAMING ENCLOSURE SEPARATION BY CHANNEL RESTRICTED PRIVATE ENTRY

METROPOLE PENINSULA FRAMING ENCLOSURE CREATE BACKDROP CONTEXT SEPARATION BY CORRIDORS

/DEMARCATION GLOBAL DEMARCATION METROPOLE DEMARCATION LOCAL DEMARCATION /ACCESS ROUTES INT’L WATER ACCESS DOMESTIC WATER ACCESS ACCESS CORRIDORS TRANS-ISLAND HIGHWAY PUBLIC ACCESS ROUTES PRIVATE ACCESS ROUTE /ACCESS POINTS INT’L ACCESS POINT DOMESTIC ACCESS POINT RESTRICTED ACCESS POINT

AMOUNT

135

Chiang

ISLAND DRIVE

DEPARTURE ISLAND



FIGURE an interlude of the image

Featuring: Catherine Dean * Roxanne Bejjany / Ayesha Moghul * Tyler Bradt / Elliott Sturtevant & Leo Tang * Matthew Blunderfield / Jesse Lap Hao * Jasmeen Bains / Dina Sarhane * Zeina Koreitem / Felix Wing Suen * Kristen Duimering / Azadeh Zaferani * Yi Zhou / Novka Cosovic * Adam Nordfors / Clarence Lacy * Mehran Ataee * Bobby Chiang / Nora Barbu * Skanda Lin / Jason Ho & Ehran Holm / Douglas Robb * Melissa Maria Tovar / Paul Christian


166


Figure 20: Super Kabul, Mehran Ataee

167


168

Figure 21 {page 133}: Cross-Strait Exchange Programming, Bobby Chiang


Figure 22: Urban Water Experience, Nora Barbu

169



MASS body of matter

Featuring: Matthew Blunderfield * David Kossowsky * Sarry Klein * Caterina Cuda * Anamarija Korolj * Joel Leon * Gladys Cheung * Douglas Robb * Megan Esopenko * Billy Chung * Lara Gumushdijan * Leon Lai * Jesse Lap Hao * Nathan Bishop * Kenneth Wong * Paul Christian * Duncan Sabiston * Matteo Maneiro * Mahan Javadi * Jasmeen Bains * Kristen Duimering * Jason Van Der Burg * Tyler Bradt * Skanda Lin * Ayesha Moghul * Min Woo Kim * Robin Heathcote * Javid Alibhai * Tings Chak * Benjamin Matthews * Zeina Koreitem


50/50 > Megan Espenko 14,171 m2 performative

It is projected that Toronto will grow from 5.6 million (current) to 7.5 million people in the next 20 years.

Robb / Espenko / Chung / Gumushdijan / Lai

Within a 20 minute walking distance of Dufferin Mall there are few community centres, parks and open spaces. The greatest concentration lies in the centre where Dufferin Mall currently presides. This project will seek to enhance the quality and community feel that Dufferin grove currently has.

196

MASS

A layer of absorbent soil and vegetation on top of buildings can retain rainfall and allow it to evaporate and transpire. A green roof may also provide heating and cooling savings by insulating the buildings, improving air quality and reduce the urban heat island effect. These green roofs also provide recreational activities for the community centres within the development.

6,543 m2 private

This spike in population growth will have a direct affect on neighbourhoods within the City of Toronto, including the Dufferin Grove neighbourhood. With the increase in population, there will be a greater demand for density. Therefore, this plan attempts to look to the future growth as a benchmark for future development within the Dufferin Mall site. Dufferin Mall is at the centre of many school districts. Within a 20 minute walking distance there are over 9000 students. who may pass by this site every day. This could have a direct affect on the age group that this project caters to and allowing for more program for the youth nearby.

GREEN ROOFS

1,706 m2 Semi-public

TECHNIQUES These are some of the low impact development techniques that can be found within this development to help mitigate the effects of stormwater runoff.

absorbent landscape

rainwater harvest [re] use

11,906 m2 public utilize porous pavement

implemented roadside swales

create natural buffer and drainage ways

add green roofs

PLANTING UPLAND Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) $WVVGTƃ[ OKNMYGGF (asclepias tuberosa) Brown eyed susan (Rudbeckia subtomentosa) Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) Indian grass (sorghastrum nutans) Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium)

FLOODPLAIN Silver maple (Acer saccharinum) Indigo bush (Amorpha fruiticosa) Jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) Virginia wild rye (Elymus virginicus) Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Green Bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens) A A

B

WET MEADOW Black Willow (Salix nigra) Red-Stemmed Aster (Aster puniceus) Culver’s root (Veronicastrum virginicum) Big Blue Stem (Andropogon gerardii) Canada’s blue-joint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis) Giant manna grass (Glyceria grandis)

C D

E

stormwater wetland

Stormwater wetlands have the capacity to improve water quality through microbial breakdown of pollutants, plant uptake, retention of stormwater, settling, and absorption. Within these systems, sediment for-bays are often designed to prevent sediment from ƂNNKPI VJG YGVNCPF 5VQTOYCVGT KU CNUQ FKXGTVGF FKTGEVN[ VQ VJG YGVNCPFU

A - UPLAND B - DRAINAGE CORRIDOR C - TEMPORAL WETLAND D - SEDIMENT DEPOSIT E - CULVERT

ƃQQFRNCKP \QPG

transition to a wet meadow zone

with community efforts, and understorey should be planted in Dufferin Grove Park for regeneration

upland zone

50m 0

1:400


URBAN STITCHES > Billy Chung Urban Stitches re-imagines a possible development for Dufferin Mall, located in the Eastern end of downtown Toronto.

Robb / Espenko / Chung / Gumushdijan / Lai

Currently, the mall serves as a locus for this neighbourhood’s retail activities and houses several communal organizations. Despite the commercial success, Dufferin Mall and its surrounding service roads is extremely disconnected from the neighborhood, specifically, the neighboring Dufferin Grove Park. Recognizing this condition, Urban Stitches addresses the neighbourhood’s connectivity and builds upon the mall’s commercial success by operating at two scales: The first operation is a series of linear green spaces inserted into the surround residential zone allowing for an increased porosity in the east west direction. The green spaces are programmed differently in accordance to their location; the programs may include low density housing units, small scale commercial space or everyday park areas. The goal is to diversify the monotonous residential area and accommodating changing urban lifestyles.

MASS

197


(F20.0) PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA

(F40.2) SPECIFIC PHOBIA - ACROPHOBIA

STRONG FEELINGS OF PERSECUTION AND DELUSIONS BASED ON A BIZARRE REALITY, AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS

EXTREME OR IRRATIONAL FEAR OF HEIGHTS

Wong

210

(F22.0) DELUSIONAL DISORDER

(F44.8) DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER

DELUSIONS BASED ON A BELIEVABLE REALITY

2 OR MORE DISTINCT PERSONALITIES, WHERE ONE DOMINATES THE MEMORIES

(F33) RECURRENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

(F40.2) SPECIFIC PHOBIA - CLAUSTROPHOBIA

PROLONGED SADNESS, ANGER, ANXIETY, AND THOUGHTS OF SUICIDE

EXTREME OR IRRATIONAL FEAR OF CONFINED SPACES

(F40.0) AGORAPHOBIA

(F40.2) SPECIFIC PHOBIA - HEMOPHOBIA

ANXIETY OF WHICH ESCAPE IS EMBARRASING AND/OR DIFFICULT

EXTREME OR IRRATIONAL FEAR OF BLOOD

(F40.1) SOCIAL PHOBIA

(F43.1) POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

ANXIETY OF BEHAVING IN A WAY WHICH MAY LEAD TO RIDICULE

ANXIETY OF RELIVING PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA

MASS


(F60.3) BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER UNUSUAL VARIABILITY AND DEPTH OF MOODS THAT RESULT IN UNSTABLE RELATIONSHIPS

Wong

(F42) OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER REPETITIVE RITUALS CARRIED OUT IN AN ATTEMPT TO REDUCE ANXIETY

(F60.0) PARANOID PERSONALITY DISORDER

(F60.6) AVOIDANT PERSONALITY DISORDER

LONG STANDING SUSPICIOUSNESS AND GENERALIZED MISTRUST OF OTHERS

DESIRES SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS, BUT FEELS INADEQUATE AND IS UNABLE

(F60.7) DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER

(F65.8) ZOOPHILIA

PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE ON OTHER PEOPLE

SEXUAL ACTIVITY BETWEEN HUMAN AND ANIMALS

(F45.2) HYPOCHONDRIACAL DISORDER

(F65.8) NECROPHILIA

IRRATIONAL FEAR OF ILLNESS AND OVERREACTIONS TO NORMAL FUNCTIONS

SEXUAL ATTRACTION TO CORPSES

(F60.8) NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER

(F43.1) POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER

LACKS EMPATHY, NEEDS ADMIRATION, SELF-IMPORTANT

ANXIETY OF RELIVING PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA

MASS

211


BACHELOR OF ARTS, ARCHITECTURAL STUDIES 083

YEAR THREE > Alexandra Berceanu

MASTER OF URBAN DESIGN 057 029 123

181 181 088 091 086 016 016 &195 088 020 &086 016 &086 016 018 &194 015 &019 067 223 &247 231 093 121 111

023 027 053 &247 033 141 &247 025 137 033

THESIS > Pegah Fahimian > Julia Smachylo > Azadeh Zaferni

> Ding Ding > Malgorzata Farun > Robin Heathcote > Clarence Lacy > Benjamin Matthews > Jessica Wagner > Lulu Yu > Yi Zhou

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE

MASTER OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

182 183

YEAR ONE > Caterina Cuda > Anamarija Korolj

YEAR ONE > Sarry Klein > David Kossowsky > James MacDonald-Nelson > Matt Perotto > Rachel Weston

197 010 012 195 012 010 010 010 012 195 185 012

YEAR TWO > Billy Chung > Emma Dunn > Laura Fiset > Lara Gumushdijan > Paul Harrison > Venessa Heddle > Jason Ho > Ehran Holm > Cassandra Kotva > Leon Lai > Joel Leon > Mark Ross

YEAR TWO > Anne Louise Aboud > Megan Esopenko > Mary Hicks > Emilia Hurd > Xiaoxiao Lu > Eliza Oprescu > Doug Robb > Vinh Van THESIS > Lina Al-Dajani > Jasmeen Bains > Tyler Bradt > Greg Bunker > Shira Davis > Catherine Dean

046 &247 084 203 177 247 213 037 227 201 095 108 096 045 107 088

YEAR THREE > Javid Alibhai > Nicolas Barrette > Nathan Bishop > Matthew BlunderďŹ eld > Tings Chak > Paul Christian > Craig Deebank > Kristen Duimering > Jesse Lap Hao > Krister Holmes > Verena Hornig > Yoav Ickowicz > Hali Larsen > Ola-Ife Ojo > Peter Osborne


Index

214 228 209 041 049 133 185 129 219 061 245 075 033 &253 237 217 241 099 105 115 071 033 079 071

> Duncan Sabiston > Jason Van Der Burg > Kenneth Wong THESIS > Faisal Bashir > Ultan Byrne > Bobby Chiang > Gladys Cheung > Novka Cosovic > Mahan Javadi > Kiani Keyvani > Min Woo Kim > Anne van Koeverden > Zeina Koreitem > Skanda Lin > Matteo Maneiro > Ayesha Moghul > Dimitra Papantonis > Sophia Radev > Dina Sarhane > Lisa Sato > Martha Sparrow > Melissa Maria Tovar > Crystal Waddell

ADVISORS 129 &253 219 037 &053 &129 &217 &105 079 183 &195 053 &091 093 &137 045 247 009 095 247 093

Zeynep Çelik Alexander Matthew Allen George Baird

Adrian Blackwell Aziza Chaouni Sandra Cooke John Danahy Rodolphe El-Khoury Arrousiak Gabrielian Margaret Graham Burton Hamfelt Alison Hirsch Ted Kesik

041 &049 &203 247 111 &141 &181 067 &195 &223 099 &177 &245 &253 079 &115 &133 &201 &237 213 185 &195 035 107 &209 195 181 129 009 &071 015 &025 227 033 &241 083 023 083 029 &057 &061 &075 &123 &133 &213 &231 009 015 027 &121 &195

Robert Levit Andrea Mantin Liat Margolis Francesco Martire John May

Laura Miller

Hrvoje Njiric Erkin Ozay Gerardo Paez Pina Petricone Michael Piper James Roche Eric Beck Rubin Barry Sampson Elise Shelley Brigette Shim John Shnier Scott Sorli Victoria Taylor Etienne Turpin Mason White

Betsy Williamson Jane Wolff Robert Wright


DATE JUNE MAY

LECTURES 28

OF URBAN EQUIPMENT, OBJECTS, AND GROUND > Erkin Ozay {Harvard GSD} AMERICAN URBANISM AND THE IDEA OF UTOPIA > Marshall Brown {Marshall Brown Projects, Inc.}

09

APRIL

ANNUAL GEORGE BAIRD LECTURE >Rahul Mehrotra {RMA Architects} COMPUTERS AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE > John Danahy {Daniels}

17

PERFORMANCE HOUSING > Thomas Pucher {Atelier Thomas Pucher}

11

MICHAEL HOUGH / OALA VISTING CRITIC LECTURE > Alan Berger {MIT} MARCH

21 19

08 07 06 05 04 FEBRUARY

28 26 24

14 12 7

JANUARY

29 24 22

MOSQUITOES IN THE BEDROOM: FRY, DREW AND THE ETHICS OF VITAL CHANGE FOR A DECOLONIZING WORLD > Ijlal Muzaffar {RISD} THE MYTHS AND REALITIES OF THERMAL BRIDGING > Mark Lawton {Morrison Hershfield} TOPOTEK 1 > Martin Rein-Cano {Topotek 1} BAASS PRESENTS ATMOSPHERE AND ARCHITECTURE >Jay Pooley {Daniels} MODERATORS OF CHANGE > Andres Lepik {TU München} SEQUENTIAL SECTIONS > Marion Weiss {Weiss / Manfredi} ALVAR AALTO AND THE FUTURE OF THE MODERN PROJECT > Kenneth Frampton {Columbia GSAPP} CURATING ARCHITECTURE > Elke Krasny {Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna} 3 PROJECTS, THEME: COMMERCIAL > Manuelle Gautrand {Manuelle Gautrand Architecture}

DECEMBER

DESIGNING FOR DISTRICT ENERGY SYSTEMS > Urban Ziegler {RETScreen International}

12 06

EVERY BUILDING IMPLIES A CITY > Bruce Kuwabara {KPMB} SANAA > Ryue Nishizawa {SANAA}

NOVEMBER

16 15 08

OCTOBER 23 19 18 11 09

SEPTEMBER

SUSTAINABLE DRAINAGE > Laura Solano {MVVA} CITY CATALYST > Alexander Eisenschmidt {UIC, SoA} SYMBIOTIC CITY > Craig Applegath {DIALOG} VOLUNTARY COLLECTIVISM > Michael Piper {dub sutdios} ANNUAL KOHN SHNIER ARCHITECTS LECTURE > Anton García-Abril {Ensamble Studio} HUMAN AUTOMATA & COMPUTATIONAL CONSTRUCTION > Skylar Tibbits {MIT, SJET LLC} ON THE URBANIZATION OF ARCHITECTURE > Burton Hamfelt {BHASP}


SYMPOSIUMS & FORA

EXHIBITIONS & REVIEWS

OP CITY: THE URBAN FUTURE AND ITS AUDIENCES > Eve Blau {Harvard GSD}, Richard Sommer {Daniels}, Roger Sherman & Dana Cuff {cityLAB/UCLA}

CROSSING BORDERS: RESPONSES TO GLOBAL ISSUES > Ashley Adams & Tamsin Ford {Architecture for Humanity Toronto}, Aziza Chaouni {Daniels} KEVIN ROCHE: ARCHITECTURE AS ENVIRONMENT > Curators: Eeva-Liisa Pelkonen {Yale, YSOA}

WINTER 2012 REVIEWS THESIS PRESENTATIONS {M.ARCH, M.L.A. & M.U.D.}

GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE 2012: STUDENT WORK NEURO LOGICS > Sarah Williams Goldhagen {The New Republic}, Jonathan Hale {University of Nottingham}, Lian Chang {ACSA}, Harry Francis Mallgrave {IIT}, Andrew Payne {Daniels}, Elysse Newman {FIU}, Sanford Kwinter {Harvard GSD}, Warren Neidich, Catherine Ingraham {Pratt Institute}, Graham Harman {American University in Cairo}, Marie-Pier Boucher {Duke University}

METROPOLIS AND MOBILE LIFE > Federico Parolotto {Mobility in Chain}, Tom Vanderbilt, Richard Sommer {Daniels}

FALL 2012 REVIEWS THESIS PRESENTATIONS {M.ARCH}

HERE BE MONSTERS: THE TERRITORY RISKY BUSINESS: FINANCING THE CITY > David Arthur {BrookďŹ eld}, Peter Clewes {architectsAlliance}, Ron Dembo {Zerofootprint} & Ira Gluskin {Gluskin Sheff + Associates Inc.}

HERE BE MONSTERS: THE MAP > Curators: Catherine Dean, Francesca Joyce, Regina Park & Doug Robb


ISBN ISB N 9789787 0-7 0-7727 0727-88 727 -88 -883183131 3

9 780772 788313

architecture landscape & design

Featuring: Anne Louise Aboud * Lina Al-Dajani * Javid Alibhai * Mehran Ataee * Jasmeen Bains * Nora Barbu * Nicolas Barrette * Faisal Bashir * Roxanne Bejjany * Alexandra Berceanu * Nathan Bishop * Matthew Blunderfield * Tyler Bradt * Greg Bunker * Ultan Byrne * Tings Chak * Bobby Chiang * Gladys Cheung * Paul Christian * Billy Chung * Novka Cosovic * Caterina Cuda * Shira Davis * Catherine Dean * Craig Deebank * Ding Ding * Kristen Duimering * Emma Dunn * Megan Esopenko * Pegah Fahimian * Malgorzata Farun * Laura Fiset * Lara Gumushdijan * Paul Harrison * Jesse Lap Hao * Robin Heathcote * Venessa Heddle * Mary Hicks * Jason Ho * Ehran Holm * Krister Holmes * Verena Hornig * Emilia Hurd * Yoav Ickowicz * Mahan Javadi * Kiani Keyvani * Min Woo Kim * Sarry Klein * Anne van Koeverden * Zeina Koreitem * Anamarija Korolj * David Kossowsky * Cassandra Kotva * Clarence Lacy * Leon Lai * Hali Larsen * Joel Leon * Skanda Lin * Xiaoxiao Lu * James MacDonald-Nelson * Matteo Maneiro * Benjamin Matthews * Ayesha Moghul * Adam Nordfors * Ola-Ife Ojo * Eliza Oprescu * Peter Osborne * Dimitra Papantonis * Matt Perotto * Sophia Radev * Douglas Robb * Mark Ross * Duncan Sabiston * Dina Sarhane * Lisa Sato * Julia Smachylo * Martha Sparrow * Elliott Sturtevant * Felix Wing Suen * Leo Tang * Melissa Maria Tovar * Vinh Van * Jason Van Der Burg * Crystal Waddell * Jessica Wagner * Rachel Weston * Kenneth Wong * Lulu Yu * Azadeh Zaferni * Yi Zhou


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