Knights Place! Rowan House!
Exeter City Council – Client, Structural and Civil Engineers Gale & Snowden - Architects, Mechanical Engineers and Landscape Architects, Passivhaus Designer Andrew Peel – Passivhaus Certifier Jenkins Hansford Partnership – QS
Affordable Passive Houses for Exeter
Exeter Office Exeter Bank Chambers 67 High Street Exeter Devon EX4 3DT Tel. 01392 279220 Fax. 01392 279036
www.ecodesign.co.uk
Bideford Office 18 Market Place Bideford Devon EX39 2DR (Registered Office) Tel. 01237 474952 Fax. 01237 425669
Knights Place & Rowan House Energy & Comfort Monitoring The Results
PHI Study Measured Heating Consumption (kWh/sq.m/yr) 32 Passive Houses in Hannover Red = PHI design mean, Green – 1st year mean, Blue = 2nd year mean, black = 3rd year mean
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Typical Situation in the UK
Study by the Zero Carbon Hub 2010 Heat Loss Measured vs Predicted (post 2006 UK housing) •
High number of buildings more than double the design figures
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Low energy buildings with the larger performance gap
Typical Situation in the UK
Study by the Zero Carbon Hub 2010 Heat Loss Measured vs Predicted (post 2006 UK housing)
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10 dwellings over 50 – 120 % higher
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5 dwellings 10-18% higher, these ones are the high energy dwellings so the gap is less
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Low energy buildings with the larger performance gap
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Compare to 1st graph where higher energy loads are expected due to coldest winter only flat C is out of the design range due to high sockets load.
Comparison of Calculated & Monitored Energy Knights Place & Rowan House (kWh/yr) June 12 – May 13 14000
Predicted Energy demand Flats C-E (PHPP) 12000 Predicted Energy demand Flats A-B (PHPP)
Flat E
10000
Flat D 8000
Flat C
Flat A 6000 Flat B
UK 'Medium consumption' according to OFGEM Data
4000
2000
0 Total Energy Consumption kWh/yr
Comparison of Calculated & Monitored Energy 8000
Knights Place (kWh/yr) June 12 – May 13 Flat D IR Image Predicted Energy demand Flats C-E (PHPP)
7000
-3 deg C at 7 am – windows are left open all the time
Flat E
Flat D
6000
Last winter = extreme coldest & longest for 50 years
Flat C 5000 UK 'Medium consumption' according to OFGEM Data 4000
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Last winter = extreme coldest & longest for 50 years
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Compare to Zero Carbon hub study, flats are within heating design range.
3000
2000
1000
0 Heating Ventilation
Hot Water
Household Electricity
Knights Place kWh sub meter results (winter) 20th Jan – 2 to +4 deg C • Flat E = very high socket & kitchen appliances load. Windows are open very little in summer plug in fans are used.
35.00
30.00
25.00
• Flat D = higher heating load as windows are open in winter
20.00
15.00
• Flat C – no heating load, but high cooker load as the tenant is a chef
10.00
5.00
0.00
Flat D
Flat E
Flat C
Knights Place Flat E Socket Load Socket load – typical 24 hour period
• High socket load. Windows are open very little in summer plug in fans are used. • 120 W socket base load 24 hours a day, 365 days a year
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= £160 / year
• Flats designed to have total energy cost of £50 - £60 a month • Currently paying £90 / month, part of it is back dated as at the start only paying £40 / month for 15 months • Expectation raised too high
• Comparing with bills from 5 – 10 years ago • Energy costs are rising – Energy UK recently stated that costs are to increase by 50% in the next 6 years
Knights Place Flat E Energy Survey & Tenant Behaviour
LIVING ROOM Plasma TV on 7 hours a day 2 x digital box DVD player & hard drive Router Stereo on standby
Laptop on until 10pm Digital phone 2 mobile phones and chargers 2 tablets and chargers
BEDROOM Flat screen TV on 3 hours a day Digital box DVD player & hard drive Fan Clock radio Digital phone OFFICE Laptop on 1 hour a day Stereo on standby B rated tumble dryer
LIFESTYLE Not working, stay at home and not very active Prefers to record programmes to hard drive and watch at own leisure
Flat C Rowan House Air Temperature & Heating Energy Cold Day 20th Jan -2 to + 4 deg C. •
Not a day of discomfort since moving in
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Happy with comfort and energy consumption
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Temperature does not drop below 20 degrees C
Flat B Rowan House Air Temperature & Heating Energy
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Does not use Supply Air Heater Battery
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Pink line is mainly fan power only
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Relies on intermittent plug in heaters
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Largest flat cheapest energy bills
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Tenant is happy with low energy bills
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Bedroom sensor is in a bedroom that is now not used
Cold Day 20th Jan -2 to + 4 deg C.
Flat C Knights Place Air Temperature & Heating Energy Cold Day 20th Jan -2 to + 4 deg C. •
Does not use supply air heater, pink line is fan power only
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Not a day of discomfort since moving in
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Happy with comfort and energy consumption
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Mean temperature 20 degrees C
Flat E Knights Place Air Temperature & Heating Energy !
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Cold Day 20th Jan -2 to + 4 deg C.
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Heater battery switches off when living room is up to temperature which affects bedroom
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Move stat to corridor
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No zoning due to supply air heater battery
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Bedrooms and living rooms have different internal gains
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Even in a compact Passivhaus there is a temperature difference between the room
C02 Levels Flat C Knights Place Commissioned to Part F UK Ventilation Building Regulations
•  PHI uses ISO standard up to 1500 ppm = good
The main objectives :
Design Summer Year Weather File
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To monitor the summer time space temperatures
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To determine how well heavy weight Passivhaus performs
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To determine how effective the flats are at limiting overheating
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To provide advice to occupants on optimising internal comfort levels if needed
Temperature (°C)
Knights Place & Rowan House 30 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 May
External peak temperature = 28.80C Very few days above 250C
CIBSE Guide A: •
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Passivhaus Institute:
Date: Sat 01/May to Sat 30/Oct This is the summer temperature profile the Dry-bulb temperature: (Exeter1961_1991_DSY.epw) building was designed to
Bedrooms not exceed 26°C for more than 1% of occupied hours
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Dwellings should not exceed 25°C for more than 10% of occupied hours
Rowan House External Air Temperatures !
Hot Summer Period July 2013
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External peak temperature = 30.510C
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Temperature conditions are higher than design weather file (DSY)
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An official heat wave
Flat A Rowan House Space Temperatures !
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Heat Wave Period 12th – 26th July
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External peak temperature = 31.40C
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Internal peak temperature = 27.150C
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Internal mean temperature = 24.60C
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Possible day peaks occur when tenant is out
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Temperature spikes during day & drops at night by 30C
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Good use of windows for natural ventilation & the effectiveness of night cooling
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Good CO2 levels highlights window opening
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Throughout the year temperatures are not above 260C for more than 0.6% of the time
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Ground floor flat
Flat B Rowan House Space Temperatures !
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Heat Wave Period 12th – 25thJuly
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External peak temperature = 31.40C
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Internal peak temperature = 27.970C
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Internal mean temperature = 26.70C
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Internal peak continues to climb after external peak
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Green C02 spikes are the bedroom at night, suggesting windows are closed at night & little night cooling
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Windows are kept shut to keep spiders out
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1st floor flat security not an issue
Pre-occupation • Community liaising at pre planning stage • Passivhaus building design and operation workshops held with prospective tenants
• Pre-occupancy training for selected tenants
Post-occupancy • Prior to 1st winter additional training • In spring feedback workshop • After hot summer workshop • Simple user guide / Operations manual • Exeter City tenant Support • BUS surveys – positive feedback, a couple of flats struggled with optimising MVHR
14000
What We Have Learnt Energy
12000
10000
x less heating energy & 2-3 times less hot water • 4-5 ! energy compared to standard new build • 1/3 of the total energy to standard new build
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• Passivhaus projects outperform the non Passivhaus projects for low energy use, thermal comfort and high air quality • Reduced heating and hot water loads via design the next step is tenant behaviour and appliance use • Raised energy use awareness through interviews
8000
6000
4000
2000
0 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000
• G&S proposed to develop low energy strategies for such tenants and raising awareness • Stable comfort conditions during hot summer periods including our recent heat wave
3000 2000 1000 0
Total Energy Consumption kWh/yr
Moving Forward Future Passivhaus • Separate out heating from MVHR – no supply air heating • Small panel heaters on the wall – zoning control
• Simpler user friendly controls
hot water / heating / MVHR • Simple colour A3 user guide in frame • You tube guide to the PHI design • Enhanced training to maintenance staff • Be mindful of new tenants down the line • Do not raise expectations too high • If budget allows include monitoring equipment • Invest in post handover fine tuning and continued occupier support
What tenants said Feedback !‘I love the fact that the flat is warm all the time and whenever I come in from outside it is always nice and warm unlike any other building I have been in’ “J’aime le fait que l’appartement soit comfortable , quand je rentre il fait toujours bon, ce qui n’était pas la cas des autres habitations dans lesquelles je vivais auparavant.” ‘It gets hot sometimes but is controllable via a window or boosting the vent.’ “Des fois il fait chaud, mais c’est controlable grâce aux fenêtres et à la ventilation” ‘Not a day goes past where I don’t say I like living here.’ “Il ne se passe pas un jour où je ne me dis pas que j’aime vivre ici” ‘ I have never felt uncomfortably hot or cold a single day since moving in’ “Je n’ai jamais eu trop chaud ou trop froid depuis que j’ai emmenagé”
Thank You.!