The Savannah

The sweeping grasslands of the African savannah are the last place on Earth where spectacular herds of large grazing animals still survive. There are two main seasons, wet and dry. At the start of the dry season, huge herds gather together and make long journeys to find fresh grass and water. The migrating herds sometimes fill the plains as far as the eye can see.

Grazing animals feed mainly on grass. Grasses can survive this onslaught because they can grow from the base of their leaf blades. This means they can easily regenerate, even when animals eat the top of the grass. The plant-eaters themselves are a source of food for the hunters of the savannah—lions, leopards, cheetahs, and wild dogs. After a kill, scavengers move in to clean up the leftovers. Lizards, snakes, and millions of insects also live in the grasses of the Savannah.

Hyenas have massive jaws that are strong enough to crunch through bones. They hunt in small groups at night, killing animals such as wildebeest and zebra by disembowelling them. They also eat animals killed by other hunters.

Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) Height at shoulder: up to 2 ft 8 in (81 cm) Body length: up to 6 ft (1.6 m)

Tireless trekker

Wildebeest trek hundreds of miles across the savannah searching for fresh grass. Whenever they stop to rest or graze, each male stakes out a territory, which he guards against other males. Baby wildebeest can run soon after they are born, and in a few hours they are able to keep up with the rest of the herd.

Super soldier

Within a termite colony, there are “soldiers” that defend the colony from attack by enemies. A soldier uses its head and strong jaws to stab and wound attackers.

South African termite

(Macrotermes natalensis) Length: up to 0.55 in (1.4 cm) Blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) Height at shoulder: up to 5 ft 1 in (1.6 m) Body length: up to 7 ft 10 in (2.4 m)

Group protection

Zebras usually live in family groups, but in the dry season they gather in large herds. This helps protect them against enemies, since many pairs of eyes and ears are more likely to spot danger. Zebra stallions sometimes kick out at enemies, such as lions, and may smash their teeth.

Burchell’s zebra (Equus quagga burchelli) Height at shoulder: up to 4 ft 7 in (1.4 m) Body length: up to 8 ft (2.5 m)

African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana) Height at shoulder: up to 13 ft 1 in (4 m) Trunk: up to 6 ft 6 in (2 m)

Giant eaters

African savannah elephants spend up to 16 hours a day searching for enough food to support their bodies. A big male can weigh as much as 90 adult people. Elephants use their long trunks to reach leaves high on the trees, and are strong enough to push over trees to reach the top branches.

Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) Body length: up to 4 ft 9 in (1.45 m) Tail: up to 2 ft 6 in (76 cm)

Lightning cat

The cheetah relies on short bursts of incredible speed to catch its prey. It can sprint at more than 62 mph (100 kph) over short distances, but tires easily. It grips the throat of its prey with its long canine teeth and uses its razor-sharp back teeth to slice meat off of bones.

White-backed vulture (Gyps africanus) Length: up to 3 ft 1 in (84 cm) Wingspan: up to 7 ft 3 in (2.2 m) The naked head and neck of the white-backed vulture make it easier for the bird to poke its head inside the carcass of a dead animal when feeding. Vultures soar high above the savannah and use their keen eyesight to search for dead animals.

Fast runner

In spite of its size, the black rhino is very agile and can gallop at 30 mph (48 kph) over short distances. It uses its hooklike upper lip to pull bark and leaves from vegetation.

KILOMETERS 0 200 400

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400 Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) Body length: up to 12 ft 6 in (3.8 m) Front horn: up to 4 ft 3 in (130 cm)

WHITE-BACKED VULTURE

Lake Victoria CHEETAH

Gathering rainclouds indicate the start of the wet season in the Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania.

AFRICAN SAVANNAH ELEPHANT G R E A T

THOMSON’S GAZELLE

Lake Tanganyika

NORTHERN RED-HEADED WEAVER R I F T V A

Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) A F R I C A

L L E Y

BLACK RHINO

BURCHELL’S ZEBRA SPOTTED HYENA Zambezi LION A N

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Tree height

The giraffe’s extra-long neck allows it to reach leaves and twigs 20 ft (6 m) above the ground. The giraffe uses its long tongue and curled upper lip to strip the leaves from branches.

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Lion (Panthera leo) Height at shoulder: up to 4 ft (1.2 m) Body length: up to 8 ft 4 in (2.5 m)

Sleepy hunter

Lions live in family groups called “prides,” made up of female relatives and their young, and one or more adult males. Lions hunt at night and sleep for about 21 hours a day. Their roars can be heard up to 5 miles (8 km) away.

Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) Height to head: up to 19 ft 8 in (6 m) Neck: up to 8 ft (2.4 m)

GIRAFFE BLUE WILDEBEEST

KALAHARI DESERT

A large herd of wildebeest migrate across the Tanzanian plain.

SOUTH AFRICAN TERMITE

Acacias are one of the most common savannah trees.

Jumping gazelle

Thomson’s gazelles live in herds. If they sense danger, the herd may spring up and down with their heads and legs held stiffly and their bodies curved. This is called “pronking” or “stotting” and can confuse enemies.

Thomson’s gazelle (Eudorcas thomsonii) Height at shoulder: up to 2 ft 6 in (76 cm) Horns: up to 17 in (44 cm) Northern red-headed weaver (Anaplectes leuconotos) Length: up to 6 in (15 cm)

Nest weaver

The male red-headed weaver bird uses supple green twigs to weave an elaborate nest that helps attract a female. The nest is usually fixed at the end of a twig to protect it, with thick walls to keep the chicks cool by day and warm at night.