Urban Observation Tower Xiaoyu Gao / M.arch Thesis
XIAOYU GAO
4
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Abstract
Through the designed 3D window body, the vision of surrounding buildings is improved through refraction and reflection of distant scenery, and at the same time, through the window body itself, the possibility and variability of space functions are enriched.
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Contents and Index 1.0 THESIS RESEARCH AND PRELIMINARY
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2.0 THESIS PROJECT
1.01 Concept Statement
10
2.01 Development Models
148
1.02 User Group
26
2.02 Site Plan
172
1.03 Precedent Studies
125
2.03 Floor Plans
174
1.04 Research
17
2.04 Building Section
184
1.05 Research Summary
56
2.05 Elevations
192
1.06 Site and Context Analysis
59
2.06 Wall Section
206
1.07 Existing Site Condition Site Plan
72
2.07 Partial Elevation
206
1.09 Spatial and Functional Program Table Or Diagram With Net Square Foot Areas
2.08 Building Details
212
104
2.09 Sustainability Strategy
214
1.10 Spatial Analysis
100
2.10 Egress Diagram
218
1.11 Building Code Analysis
72
2.11 Structure Diagram
222
1.12 A Site Model
87
2.12 Mechanical Diagram
216
1.13 Massing Study Models
113
1.14 Bibliography
243
2.13 Building Section Of An Important Public Space
226
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THESIS
3.0 FINAL THESIS PRESENTATION DELIVERABLE
3.01 Presentation Model
238
3.02 Exterior Perspectives
200
3.03 Interior Perspectives
232
3.04 Photos of Physical Model
236
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Timeline of Study
Fall 2016
Spring 2017
ARH 609: Intermediate Design Studio 1 6 Units Peter Suen, Mark Myers ARH 620: Digitally Generated Morphology David Campbell 3 Units
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Summer 2017
Fall 2017
ARH 641: Architectural History: Modernism and its Global Impact James Mallery 3 Units
ARH 602: Graduate Design Technology 1: Structures 3 Units Carl Wilford
ARH 605: Graduate Design Technology 2: Environmental Controls 3 Units Goetz Frank
ARH 604: Material and Methods of Construction: Building Detailing 3 Units David Gill
ARH 619: Advanced Design Studio 2 - Concept & Comprehensiveness David Gill, Benjamin Corotis 6 Units
ARH 608: Advanced Design Studio 1 - Concept, Context, & Typology 6 Units Mark Mueckenheim, Maria Paz De Moura Castro
ARH 659: Digitally Generated Fabrication David Campbell 3 Units
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Sping 2018
Summer 2018
ARH 606: Construction Documents and Building Codes 3 Units Gloria Jew ARH 642: Architectural Theory 3 Units
Dora Jones
Fall 2018
THESIS
Spring 2019
ARH 614 01: Architectural Professional Practices Elizabeth Tippin
3 Units
ARH 810 02: Master of Architecture Thesis David Gill 6 Units
ARH 690: Thesis Preparation & Development David Gill 3 Units IAD 611 01: BIM - Building Information Modeling Edward Pertcheck 3 Units
JEM 608 01: Wax Model Making and Introduction to Casting Alexis Pavlantos 3 Units GR 700 01: MA PORTFOLIO SEMINAR 3 Units
Mary Scott
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Concept Statement The building is usually composed of foundations, walls, floors, roofs, stairs, doors and windows, and the windows have a decisive position. The functions of lighting, ventilation, enclosure, protection, and viewing of windows determine the relationship between the indoor environment quality of the building and the outdoor environment of the building, indirectly affecting people’s lives and work. When the “window” was created, due to material limitations, the earliest window
was only a hollow, air-permeable cavity on the wall. That is, a hole is left on the wall. And the window is inside the frame. It can transmit light or smoke. Through the prototype of the English language-word window, the Old Norse ‘vindauga’, from ‘vindr - wind’ and ‘auga-eye’, it is obviously showed its effect of lighting and ventilation. In ancient Egypt, ancient Greece, and Roman times, small windows were safer and cheaper. For example, windows in ancient Rome were mostly small windows and placed in the height of the building’s facade as the heat sink of the room. As people quickly thought of using natural fiber materials as a shield, to ensure light through, avoid wind, rain or labor. In the early days, animal hides or plant
fibers were often used to weave belts, but with the invention and creation of fabrics and papers, the East used them as window coverings, while glass was the main material for windows in Europe and America, as glass became more Cheaper, more peaceful production, Renaissance and Baroque windows can be bigger and more beautiful. Excavations are often carved into stone carvings called floral ornaments. Windows often have pointed arches, but round rose windows are also popular. Glass windows were also an important element of the Gothic period and Gothic church. In this period of time, the window is used as a facade decoration component that has the functions of ventilation, heat dissipation, day-lighting and visual field, demonstrating the social status and belief of the building owner. At this time, the window still stays on the two-dimensional plane hole in the structural form, only the slight difference between the decoration and the undecorated. Then, with the innovation and development of science and technology, architecture
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1.01 Concept Statement
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has ushered in the period of modernism. Modern architecture is based on new construction technologies, especially the use of glass, steel bars and reinforced concrete, and focuses on pure, undecorated building structures themselves. The rapid development of the construction industry and the building facade as an important part of the performance of the building facade have received increasing attention from architects. With the advancement of the dominant system of Le Corbusier, open plan, reinforced concrete, metal and glass frameworks all resulted in the windows becoming large horizontal strip windows, embedded or suspended by metal and glass frames in “dominant” Structurally. At this point, the window still retains its traditional function, with the presence of a transparent opening in the two-dimensional plane on the plane of the building, even if the structure of the building becomes relatively free and simplified. From post-modernism to today, architecture is not satisfied with and stays in the single modularization of “dominant”. Design
has begun to integrate more and more fields, extending high-tech architecture, neoclassicism, de-constructivism and soon. From Lynn Greg’s “Architectural Curvilinearity: The Folded, The Pliant and The Supple.”, and Frank Gehry’s “Deconstruction” and so on, all without fail to explain the architectural flexibility and structural flexibility, the architecture is not simply a simple structure. On the spatial layout design and two-dimensional decorative design, the architecture itself began to explore more structures and meanings in the three-dimensional linkage with other areas of design. The type of exterior windows is also becoming more and more abundant. Curtain walls, glass brick walls, glass roofs, etc. Can be said to be the best proof of the evolution of the architectural window concept, the boundary between windows and windows, and the roof. The more blurred, the outside window replaces the function of the wall and becomes the “skin” of the building. However, the building windows are only stagnant and installed to
THESIS
be suspended on beams and pillar floors as a building skin flat structure for ventilation and lighting, as a boundary between the interior and exterior of the building, and as a building user’s exterior wall from Outside of the building. However, with the accelerated development of urban social processes, the distance between urban buildings has narrowed and the horizons have become increasingly limited. The material and cultural spiritual needs of people living in cities have been increasing. Windows should also have evolution and new understanding. Windows should not be limited to two-dimensional frames of window frames and glass. So I introduced the “triaxial window” to name this new change. Firstly, if “A” is used to represent a window, the “two-dimensional” window in the traditional sense is denoted as “B”, the “three-dimensional” window is denoted as “X”, and the proposed “triaxial window” is denoted as C. The relation is available. At this stage, its relational equation can be expressed simply as “B < X < A”
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Concept Statement Now, firstly, instead of normal 2D framing window, the window actually has spatial meaning, 3d characteristic. Like triaxial diagram, which starts from a point, divides toward different directions, then creates lines, and lines create faces, and faces show space. Window actually should also have the same characteristic. According to the requirements of lighting and ventilation, architects chose the location as the start point for the window. In a short word, where the window is placed in the wall is the “point” for the window. Then, following the programs - the “point” has been expend, the different shapes of window have been designed from the “point”, the windows start to show the “line-frame” and the “face-shape”. However, it seems to stop right here, which them usually shows is just a two-dimensional structure, a boundary like a transparent facade, the boundary sited on the building’s facade. Therefore, like the triaxial diagram, windows already have the points, lines and faces. It is absolutely that the window has missed the spatial meaning’s part. In
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1.01 Concept Statement
another words, windows actually should have the space of itself, window should not just be limited by two-dimensions. Jean Nouvelle, one of the famous French architect believes that “When there is no sense of mystery, there is no temptation. A mystery that the building must keep. There is no doubt that hiding is one of the architectural passion elements”. Therefore, for example, if we see the Cartire’s foundation, on the surface you use two parallel, transparent glass panels to create a mysterious way of uncertainty, because it can reflect trees and clouds.” He tried to use the overlapped glass to create multi-dimensional space through the window system to keep the “myth” of architecture which he called the “myth” for the building. The spatial space which he called the “myth” for the building, created by the overlapped window frames to create 3d space is absolutely that Jean has already started to explore the spatial meaning of Windows in the unconscious. Secondly, instead of fixed on the structure,
the window actually can be flexible and movable. Today, the city has been more and more crowded by the urban rapid development and population flowing into. “Street Wall”, one of the common condition of cities, is one of the example of that. The space between urban buildings has been more and more narrowed. Window, as the decoration of the building, designs to be fixed on the faced, locked on the building structures. The view through the window has been fixed by the fixed window. So that if the “point”, the location of the window can be changed, or the “directions” of the window facing or expanding can be moved, the “face” the view, and the space it creating will be more adaptable and virtual to satisfy the physical and emotional requirements of citizens. Then window will be more powerful elements of architecture to break the limitation of the crowded urban condition and expand the possibility of the affect of architecture. Arnaud Lapierre’s exhibition architecture offers a new perspective, a dynamic impression of speed, and a dynamic illusion
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
that can be freely adjusted through dynamic transparency and multiplicative effects. It is a collection of overlapping mirror blocks that form a cylinder. Through the interaction of reflection, light and passersby, it is combined with the background of this urban space. The windows then appeared and reappeared between the mirrors and the gaps, changing each visitor’s view of space as the “revolving around” of the building and the “rotation” of its own structure. At the same time it changes the state of the block by creating a space that is sometimes transparent and at other reflection moments. Finally, the possibility of window effect and affect should not be limited by the opposite view, it is absolutely that the window view can be design and created by users’ required. The window’s shape and space change by the location and the direction changing, will the spatial change of the window also affect the window direction. Users passively accept the view through a window which depended on the exterior condition because the conventional window
only reflects the outside of the building. Therefore, if we create space inside of the window, the space can be the possibility of the window views or extra-experience. For example, in the process of breaking the boundaries of architectural windows, blurring indoor and outdoor boundaries, and extending the space of windows, the separation of different environmental elements is added to the space of windows to increase the functionality of the windows of the building and the extensibility of the window function.
THESIS
Like the building can not only located on the ground, the window can not only fixed on the structure as buildings extra elements or decorations, but can also be more flexible, and more movable , and be a existence of space bodies. Window should and will not be limited into two-dimension frame.
Then, its space is not only an extra space for building but also an expectable functional space to break the limitation of programs by located and fixed windows, or buildings.
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THESIS
Concept Sketch
The project will respond to the contemporary urban condition of physically and emotionally narrow space by proposing a new window condition that extends the space of existing building by blurring the boundary between exterior and interior.
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It is undeniable that the use of creativity in the creation of freedom is the true function of man. — Matthew Arnold
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THESIS
Urban Social Issue
According to the urban social current situation, intensiveness and upward development are the basic characteristics of the current city.
1.04 Research
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2
Residents per km , 2015 20-99 100-199
18
200-1k
1k-2k
2k-4k
4k-6k
6k-8k
8k-10k
1975
1990
1267.8
1373.4 472.1
395.1
1152.9
904.2
2015
340.0
1307.7
1050.3
2000
256.7
867.8
1975 1990
India
260.3
1975 1990 2000 2015
175.5
904.2 120.2
France
134.0
59.1
56.7
64.1 25.6
22.8
17.9
52.7
World Population Density Analysis
21.3
M . ARCH
2000 2015
China
1990 2000 2015
1975
1990
2000
126.7
102.5
32.0
85.4
THESIS
26.3
22.0
60.7
United state
Japan
1975
16.3
321.2
281.3
252.3
195.5
175.3
218.4
159.4
134.1
52.8 124.1
52.6 123.2
50.9 119.8
43.4
904.2
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Mexico
1975 1990
2000
2015
2015
Urban density and life culture are closely related, and Latin America and East Asia are known for their highdensity urban form. Singapore, Hong Kong and Seoul combine extremely high density and very high levels of prosperity. The wealthiest large western cities such as London, Paris, New York and San Francisco are also relatively high and are intensifying. Another important aspect of population density is the relationship between tourism demand and energy use. There are many examples of large urban areas with very low densities, the most obvious of which are metro areas in the United States such as Atlanta and Houston.
Population (million) 2 Built-up Area(000s km )
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San Francisco 2018 Population Density
San Francisco has become one of the most densely populated cities in the United States, even in the whole world.
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URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Residents per km , 2015 20-99
100-199
200-1k
1k-2k
2k-4k
4k-6k
6k-8k
8k-10k
10k-12k
12k-15k
15k-18k
18k-22k
22k-28k
28k-40k
40k-80k
80k+
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San Francisco Urban Development Process Analysis
Here uses San Francisco as representation of modern cities to analyze the process, characteristics and issues of modern urban development. Metropolitan pressure continues to increase the value of land and the constraints of urban power grids. Horizontal movement is limited and urban fabrics move to the sky. The architectural form has become higher and bigger than ever. Then, with a large population influx into the cities, the city has become a concentrated area for high-density living and work. Congestion and denseness are its distinctive features.
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URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
More and More Crowded Downtown Business District
Now, San Francisco City Skyline
1970-1995, The population flowed from the city to the suburbs, and the big cities are formed.
Before 1945, the population flowed from small cities to big cities.
Before 1920, people migrated from the countryside to the cities.
v
1865-1918 Industrial Revolution
Colonial Period - Famer , Manor, Village
1492-1502 Cristoforo Colombo Found America
Nature
Population (million) 2 Built-up Area(000s km )
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People in the Downtown
People in the world, usually not only live in the world, but also work in the world. Therefore, city as a densely populated area. People in the city, not only live in the city, but also work in the city.
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LIVING & WORKING & ENTERTAINMENT
THESIS
LIVING & WORKING & ENTERTAINMENT IN DOWNTOWN
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Urban Residents
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1.02 User Group
M . ARCH
Office Workers
Tourists
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
Students
THESIS
Artist
Downtown User Group
Total Citizens 870,887 Total Housing Units 386,755 Educational Attainment: 87.4% (Percent high school graduate or higher) Number of Companies 116,803 Annual Tourists 24,600,000 Art & Entertainment Facilities 1020V
According to the population distribution, San Franciscoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main population groups are resident and staff. In addition, and San Francisco has coastal tourism resources to attract tourists, and it also has attracted many artists to settle and make art designs here. Therefore, the downtown of San Francisco has become a complex, densely populated area. Crowding has become a basic feature of current SF downtown.
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URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
User Group and City Areas Selection As a result of downtownâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s characteristiccrowding, selecting a richer and denser area of downtown, which has more high-rise buildings, as the site to research, analyze and redesign. This area contains a large number of office workers and urban residents, and adjacent to the seaside tourism area, which has certain tourist attraction. At the same time, this area is distributed with the design institutes and the art galleries, with a certain number of art designers, so that the region also has certain artistic creation vitality and demand.
Residents
Office Workers
Tourists
Students
Artist
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Residents
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Office Workers
Tourists
Students
Artist
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
City Has Been Block By The Window Wall
As the urban population has been increased year by year, the per capita area of the urban roads is becoming less and less. Therefore the more high buildings, the less of the spaces between high-rise buildings in the city are, The vision of the city was blocked by the surface of the building, such as the Window Wall. The views from window of the buildings are usually blocked by the windows of the opposite buildings.
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Residents
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Office Workers
Tourists
Students
Artist
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THESIS
Breaking The Visional And Spatial Barriers Between Buildings. The ground space has become less and less, so from the outdoor space into the architectural superstructure, exploring how to make better use of vertical space, breaking the boundaries between the buildings, and expanding the urban horizon.
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Residents
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Office Workers
Tourists
Students
Artist
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THESIS
Breaking The Limitation of Facade. Transform Two-dimentional Window.
The building generally uses a twodimensional plane window as the facade of the building monolith. Therefore from the construction of the building surface, the transparent translucent window surface on the two-dimensional building facade is transformed into a threedimensional window body, expanding the space and breaking The boundary between architecture and architecture.
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Things that can be seen under the sun are not as interesting as what happens behind the glass. - Baudelaire
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THESIS
Window Analysis
According to analyze the traditional window and modern curtain wall, it will help to refine the window meanings and structures in order to find the extra possibility of the window. Therefore, it will help to create, or refine the space of the window by extending its structure, redesign its geometric shape, adding its function and so on.
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The Troditional Window Types Through the summary of the traditional window types, analyzing the development process of window. Then, it is absolutely that window design almost following the ventilation ,view lighting functions and so on, Therefore, the windowâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spatial functions should also include those function, but it also have extra possibilities of functions by technology or meaning-refining.
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THESIS
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The Meaning Of Window
The definition of windows is enriched by summarizing the meaning of windows in different fields. Therefore, the meaning of architectural windows can be inspired and extended. The possibility of windows are increase, and it will be summed up on the windows of actual buildings. Then, it can extend traditional two-dimensional window into three-dimensional windows, which adding the spatial possibilities of windows.
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THESIS
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The Relationship Of Room And Window
According to the condition of windows, room can be divided into two categories. One is a room with the window, another is a room without the window. The first one can be divided into two categories. One is a full black enclosed space, another is a full open space, such as a canopy. The latter one can be divided into three categories. One is a room with a sky-window just for lighting and ventilation. Another is a room with holes as window. The last one is a room with frame-window. All five types of rooms can also can infiltrate and relate to each other and combine into a new room-window systems.
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THESIS
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Eye Viewâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Horizontal Span Analysis
In order to refine the view-function of window, it is necessary to analyze the efficiency of human eye view. Then, when the two-dimensional window extends into three-dimensional window, the efficiency of its view could be refine or even improved by more effective eye viewâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s horizontal span.
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THESIS
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Eye Viewâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Vertical Span Analysis
In order to refine the view-function of window, it is necessary to analyze the efficiency of human eye view. Then, when the two-dimensional window extends into three-dimensional window, the efficiency of its view could also be refine or even improved by more effective eye viewâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vertical span.
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THESIS
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Window Viewâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Vertical Span Analysis When the two-dimensional window extends into threedimensional window, the efficiency of its view could also be refine or even improved by more effective the eye viewâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s vertical span. Then, with the height changing and the limitation of the window size, the efficiency of view will be effect by following the change.
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THESIS
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Window Viewâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Possibility If the window transfers from two-dimensional into three-dimensional, that means it will extra space and function. Then, it also means more possibility of view chances,To be detailed, it means the window will have more opportunities or chances to choose or create its view instead of being blocked by the opposite buildings or unchanged normal view.
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THESIS
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Window Typology Analysis
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THESIS
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THESIS
Window Topology Analysis
Explore the 3d model of Windows and try to extend and expand the window space.
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1.05 Research Summary
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URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Research Summary According to the expansion of North American cities, the rapid increase in urban population has made the vacant space between urban ground and buildings increasingly scarce, thus inspiring whether the unused space between the upper floors and the buildings can be redesigned.
Inspired by VR and other imaging technologies, it can break the limitations of the visual imaging frame to image only the outdoor realistic landscape according to the principle of virtual imaging or spatial penetration, and add a controllable and variable human-induced landscape to change the original indoor and At the same time, the increasingly tight ground outdoor relationship. Add intermediate media space and the distance between buildings make space, use the virtual and real space content the external line of sight of the building space to dilute the impact of the real environment on blocked and fixed. So whether the construction indoor and outdoor. methods, material properties and eye imaging principles can be used to change the limited According to the analysis of the geometry space that is increasingly oppressed and and structure of the window form, it is found reduced. Enrich the possibilities of indoor and that the window is no longer limited to the outdoor relationships. lighting and viewing windows in the traditional architectural system, but can be used as a According to the human eye line range and building use crowd for indoor and outdoor and distance analysis, according to the imaging even the surrounding environment. Converting principle, the quality and range of line-of-sight the medium, the design will no longer limit the imaging can be controlled. In the form of a photo understanding of the window, but to lighten frame, that is, the building facade window or the the fixed definition of the “window” phrase in building facade reflection function, the indoor the building, using a new construction method to create a “media” to separate the indoor and and outdoor realization can be adjusted. The situation of fixed landscapes expands the spatial outdoor chowder.
In short, it can be obtained from various analyses, building line of sight imaging, building interior and exterior associations can break the deadlock of tight space oppression, and can use building design and other means to add new media in indoor and outdoor, so that indoor and outdoor relations are not limited to “windows” The framework limits, but creates new connections that are more adaptive to social development.
scene and connection between indoor and outdoor sights.
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The city is the center of various industries. - Wei Cooper
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THESIS
Site Analysis According to the case studies, summarizing and analyzing the relation to the window and space. Therefore, a better understanding and widening of the definition and possibilities of the function and space of the windows are obtained.
1.06 Site and Context Analysis
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Site Location
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Green Plants
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THESIS
Green Plant Coverage Analysis
Most of the green plants in San Francisco are in the southwest and the northern mountainous areas, where the site area is low and the park area is small.
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Site Location High-rise Buildings Dense Area
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THESIS
High-rise Buildings Dense Area Analysis
The base is located in the densely populated area of San Franciscoâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s urban high-rise buildings, and is also an area of dense commercial buildings. Due to its dense population and small area per capita, the building has a high altitude, a large amount of construction demand, and high demands on the environment. However, from the analysis of vegetation coverage, it can see that the natural ecological environment is relatively rare except for coastal landscape resources.
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Site Location
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THESIS
Tourism Landscape Resources Analysis
San Francisco has a wealth of humanities and history tourism resources, but most of the distribution is scattered, and there is no centralized large-scale amusement park and other facilities planning. The site is close to the coastal, surrounded by rich tourism resources, but the distribution of resources is scattered and fragmented.
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Site Location
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THESIS
Site Location
The site is located between Market Street and Mission Street, between Fremont Street and Beale Street. The site is surrounded by high-rise business buildings, so that the site has been blocked by the surroundings building which has limiting views and less sunlight.
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Site Location
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THESIS
Siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Sun-path Analysis
The site has been blocked by the surrounding high-rise buildings , which limited the sunlight through the day and the year.
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JAN 8:00 AM (Sunrise)
JAN 12:00 PM (Noon)
JAN 5:30 PM (Sunset)
JUN 5:00 AM (Sunrise)
JUN 12:00 PM (Noon)
JUN 8:00 PM (Sunset)
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
JAN 7:00 AM (Sunrise)
JAN 12:00 PM (Noon)
THESIS
JAN 5:00 PM (Sunset)
Siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Sunlight Analysis
According the sunlight analysis, the site is less sunlight because of blocking by surrounding highrise buildings. This is the normal issue for urban dense high-rise buildingsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; blocks. Therefore, how to bring in the sunlight during the day is one of the most important and necessary matter for the site condition.
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27,255 sqft
Site Location
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THESIS
Site Building Code Analysis Zoning Districts: C-3-O(SD) DOWNTOWN- OFFICE (SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT) Height & Bulk Districts 450-S Special Use Districts Transit Center C-3-O(SD) Commercial Within 1/4 Mile of an Existing Fringe Financial Service
Special Sign Districts & Legislative Setbacks None Port & Coastal Zone Not in the Coastal Zone & Not under Port Jurisdiction
Limited &Nonconforming Uses & Redevelopment Areas None Mayopâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Invest In Neighborhoods Initiative Area None
1.07 Existing Site Condition Site Plan
1.11 Building Code Analysis
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THESIS
The Height Of Surrounding Existing Buildings
The site has been blocked by the surrounding conditions of building.
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THESIS
Parking Area
Retuarants
Shoping Area
Business Companies
Banks
Residences
Cafes & Bars
Hotels
Surrounding Companies Type Analysis
The surrounding buildings are mainly commercial buildings, mostly commercial companies and banks. Commercialization of area atmosphere, entertainment, leisure and relaxation space are relatively missing.
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M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
The Entry For Buildings
Path To The Site
Shoping Area
The Entries Of Existing Buildings Analysis The site is surrounded by comprehensive commercial high-rise buildings. Due to how dense commercial high-rise buildings surround the building, the flow of people to the base has become multi-directional. In addition, the paths that exists between buildings and buildings runs through or leads to the base, making the site more relativistic and multi-directional.
79
XIAOYU GAO
80
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
The gaps between buildings
The gaps above the ground
The View Direction of Surroundings Analysis
The space between the existing buildings has small gap spaces between them, so that the site can have opportunities to look through them for far view.
81
XIAOYU GAO
82
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
The direction of reflection of view
The direction of view
The reflected effect and affect of interior
The View Direction of Surroundings Analysis Because the space between the existing buildings has small gap spaces between them, Therefore, the design can not only have opportunities s to reflection the faraway view for surrounding buildings to affect their view conditions, but also have opportunities to create interior spaces with more possibilities and changes.
83
XIAOYU GAO
84
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
The Photographs Of Site
85
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
All cities are crazy, but itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gorgeous madness. All cities are beautiful, yet cold and beautiful. - Ke Da Mori
86
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Site Model
Scale : 1/32”=1’-0” Length : 40” Width : 32”
The site model uses a transparent acrylic sheet to mark the facades of urban buildings and splices out the surrounding building mechanism of the site, showing the crisscrosses phenomenon of high-rise cities.
1.12 A Site Model
87
XIAOYU GAO
88
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
89
XIAOYU GAO
90
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
91
XIAOYU GAO
92
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
93
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
In the space age, the most important space is between the ears and ears. - Thomas J Barou
94
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Programing Narrative
Combining the meaning of different areas of the window, explore the role and significance of building window, then create or rich architectural window space functional meaning, namely the window function, the function of the existing buildings with a window of its own building circulation function value.
95
XIAOYU GAO
96
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
People are trapped in urban buildings by urban living and working patterns. While, buildings are blocked by each other in the high density city.
97
XIAOYU GAO
98
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
The window is transformed from two dimensions to three dimensions, and the space can be generated and extended, and the space generated can be reused to enrich the function of the building block. The surrounding buildings can reflect and reflect the distant view of the city through the window body, and can also penetrate the window and explore the natural and nonrealistic creation space of the central Africa. So the building blocks through the window block, stretching out the view of the real landscape, the urban function reservation, the space that stretches out and can create the creation space of the virtual image. 99
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Promming Analysis
Auxiliary Programs
100
1.10 Spatial Analysis
Connected Programs
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
101
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Programing Intersection
Auxiliary Programs
102
Connected Programs
Proportion(Increasing)
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
103
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
27256 SQFT
SITE AREA AREA PER PERSON
NUMBER OF ROOMS
SINGLE ROOM AREA (SQFT)
TOTAL PEOPLE
Special Office
150
9
150
20
1350
General Office
96
1
57600
600
57600 1000
Program & User Group Business Office Spaces Offices
Employee / Visitor Support Spaces
Operation & Maintenance spaces
Staff Spaces
Delivery Spaces
Promming Table
Amusement Park
Gallery & Museum
Gallery & Museum
Observation Spaces
104
84420
Conference Room
100
2
500
50
Convenience Store
96
3
300
50
300
Lobby
96
1
3200
200
3200
Atria or Common Space
100
2
3200
200
6400
Cafeteria
100
2
600
50
1200
Private Toilets
120
4
580
50
2320
Child Care Centers
100
1
500
50
500
Physical Fitness Area
120
2
1200
200
2200
Interior or Surface Parking Areas
430
1
1430
30
1430
General Storage
150
3
150
3
450
Kitchen
100
2
600
50
1200
Atria or Common Space
100
2
500
50
1000
IT Closets
120
1
240
20
240
Maintenance Closets
120
2
240
20
240
Management Room
150
3
150
3
450
Administration Curatorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Office
100
2
300
60
600
Conversation & Documentation
100
1
500
50
500
Workshops
100
1
500
20
1000
Stores & Reserves Room
100
1
500
5
500
Technical Premises
300
1
300
3
300
Staff Premises
120
2
240
2
240
200
1
200
1
Laboratory Entertainment & Tourism Spaces
Botanical Garden
TOTAL AREA (SQFT)
200 120480
Outdoor Botanical Garden
100
1
5000
50
5000
Conservatory of Flowers
100
1
5000
50
5000
Restroom
120
4
580
50
2320
4D Theater
96
2
4800
50
8400
Ecological landscape facilities
120
1
48000
400
48000
Caferia & Restaurant
100
2
600
50
1200
Restroom
120
4
580
50
2320
Entertainment facilities
200
3
200
10
600
Retail Space
96
1
2400
25
2400
Event Space
100
1
2000
20
2000
Display Room
120
2
2400
20
4800
Exhibition
120
2
1200
20
2400
Assembly & Lecture Room
96
2
4800
50
9600
Reference & Reading-room
100
1
2000
20
2000
Restroom
120
4
580
50
2320
Caferia & Restaurante
120
1
2400
20
2400
Event Space
100
1
600
6
600
Observation Space
120
1
4800
40
4800
Education Space
100
1
4000
40
4000
Exhibition
100
1
5000
50
5000
Lounge
200
1
600
3
600
Restroom
120
4
580
50
2320
Retail Space
96
1
2400
25
2400
1.09 Spatial and Functional Program Table Or Diagram With Net Square Foot Areas
`
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
图表标题
Special Office
General Office
Conference Room
Convenience Store
Lobby
Atria or Common Space
Cafeteria
Private Toilets
Child Care Centers
Physical Fitness Area
Interior or Surface Parking Areas
General Storage
Kitchen
Atria or Common Space
IT Closets
Maintenance Closets
Management Room
Administration Curator’s Office
Conversation & Documentation
Workshops
Stores & Reserves Room
Technical Premises
Staff Premises
Laboratory
Outdoor Botanical Garden
Conservatory of Flowers
Restroom
4D Theater
Ecological landscape facilities
Caferia & Restaurant
Restroom
Entertainment facilities
Retail Space
Event Space
Display Room
Exhibition
Assembly & Lecture Room
Reference & Reading-room
Restroom
Caferia & Restaurante
Event Space
Observation Space
Education Space
Exhibition
Lounge
Restroom
Retail Space
105
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
37F
31F
27F
5F
106
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Siteâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Sunlight Analysis
According to zoning, the height of buildings that can be built on the site is 450 ft., divided by the height of each tier of 12 ft., and 37 floors can be set. According to the site area is 27,255 sqft. The total building volume is 1,00,8435 sqft.
107
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Observation Spaces Gallery & Museum
Amusement Park
Entertainment & Tourism Spaces
Botanical Garden
Spare Space Empty Floors
Offices Business Office Spaces Delivery Spaces Staff Spaces Delivery Spaces
108
Operation & Maintenance spaces
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Programming Mass Analysis
According to the programming analysis, Analyze to get the demand for different functional space areas. According to the image analysis, there is a large number of see-through volume vacancies, meaning that the required functional space can be re-shaped based on empty space.
109
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Promming Possibilities Analysis
110
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
111
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
The main constituent of life is not facts and events. Its main ingredient is the storm of thoughts. It strikes peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s minds throughout their lives. - Mark Twain
112
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THESIS
Study Models
Based on field analysis and planning analysis, based on the scale considerations, the following focuses on the research and testing of the concept mass models.
1.13 Massing Study Models
113
XIAOYU GAO
114
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
115
XIAOYU GAO
116
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
117
XIAOYU GAO
118
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
119
XIAOYU GAO
120
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
121
XIAOYU GAO
122
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
123
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Creativity comes from unexpected combinations of different things. - Nikolai Negroponte
124
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THESIS
Precedent Studies
According to the case studies, summarizing and analyzing the relation to the window and space. Therefore, a better understanding and widening of the definition and possibilities of the function and space of the windows are obtained.
1.03 Precedent Studies
125
XIAOYU GAO
126
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Broadcom Yakum Setter by Ayala Lifshitz
The design creates a workspace as an intermediate collaborative space that maintains and expands the collaboration between the singular and the team while protecting privacy. As a result, the windows of a building can be expanded into spatial masses instead of architectural surfaces as spatial expansion and space bridges in the vertical space between buildings, which can reduce the intensive congestion of buildings on the ground.
Area 55000.0 sq ft https://www.archdaily.com/782624/broadcom-yakum-setter-architects?ad_medium=widget&ad_ name=more-from-office-article-show
Location Yakum, Israel
127
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THESIS
Observation Tower by BIG The spiral layout of the building combines different programming elements and cycles into a continuous dynamic rotation space. The space is proportional to the visitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s movement, creating a unique environmental viewing experience. The whole building is the window of the city where people observe. Structurally, its central space is falling, and the movement of Pin turns inside out, like celestial bodies circling over the city, and Pin allows visitors from one pole to the other to experience the city landscape in a dynamic threedimensional seemingly suspended in the air.
Architects BIG Location Phoenix, AZ, USA Area 70,000 sq ft
https://www.designboom.com/architecture/big-architects-phonix-observation-tower/
Project Year 2012
129
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THESIS
Conservatory Of Flowers by Lord & Burnham
The building type of a greenhouse or greenhouse is a masterpiece that urban residents can see in the combined urban environment of the factory world and the self-aware world. These types of buildings are called â&#x20AC;&#x153;natural cinemas.â&#x20AC;? Work and life can also occur in natural landscapes. Imagine people putting their desks on a garden lawn, like a picnic, while enjoying nature while doing everyday life and work.
Project Year 1878 Architectural Style Italianate, Gothic https://goldengatepark.com/conservatory-of-flowers.html
Location San Francisco, California
131
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THESIS
Lotte World by Lotte
The Lotte World, which opened on July 12, 1989, is the largest indoor theme park in the world that has been recorded in the Guinness Book of Records. It is also known as the world-class theme park like the United States Disneyland. Lotte World is a city of entertainment and commerce that is located in the center of Seoul. Business can be combined with leisure and entertainment, so work and life can also take place in recreational scenes. Imagine workers working on the Ferris wheel with a desk and a roller coaster passing from a conference room. Space is not limited by the function.
Theme Indoor Planet Ride Visitors Per Annum 7.3 million Area 1,380,430 sq ft
http://www.lottehotel.com/world/en/Default.asp
Location Sincheon-dong, Seoul, South Korea
133
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
What is faster than the speed of light in the world is the speed of thinking. - Zhenxiu Zhao
134
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Research
According to the case other projects than architectural precedents, summarizing and analyzing the relation to the architectural window and space. Therefore, a much wider understanding and insights of the meanings and possibilities of the functions and space of the windows are obtained.
135
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THESIS
Descension by Anish Kapoor
Gazing into a whirlpool is like staring into the abyss, its incessant exercise hypnosis, because you are swallowed up by its darkness. The sound of a turbine seems to come from the earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s gut. Getting up from the floor, it penetrates your legs until it reaches the stomach, a low resonant sound that can come from a huge organ.
Project Year 2017 https://www.domusweb.it/en/art/2015/06/0w5/anish_kapoor_san_gimignano.html
Location Brooklyn , New York
137
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THESIS
Super Natural by Misako Inaoka
Designed to explore the delicate boundaries between nature and man-made. By closely observing the surrounding natural and social environment, designers have discovered that the boundaries between manipulating and manipulating between man-made and nature become blurred in our society. Designers try to explore the coexistence patterns of natural and man-made forms and explore their hidden beauty and characteristics. By emphasizing these subtle details, exaggerating their illusions and nurturing the designerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own invention biology and landscape.
http://www.misakoinaoka.com/installation-1/#/super-natural/
Types Of Work Site-Specific installation Exhibition Venue Queens and Nails Annex (QNA) gallery, San Francisco
139
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THESIS
Optical Illusional Surfaces by Alissa + Nienke
Human perception is the outside world, not only visually, but also auditory, olfactory, tactile, and so on. So breaking the limitations of window space volume, it can start with five senses, not only to break the visual constraints, but also to extend the space from other perceptions, increasing the window space possibilities and scalability.
Owner Decoratori Bassanesi
http://www.metropolismag.com/design/alissa-nienke-design-profile/
Types Of Work An Ongoing Exploration Of Materials
141
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THESIS
You Watch the City, The City Watches You by Ai Wei Wei
The name “Candy House” comes from the German folk fairy tales of children who lost their way in the forest. Concerned about the intervention of high-tech monitoring, the concept of freedom and opening of space ceased to exist, and people’s survival experience in public space also followed change. The audience needs to enter the exhibition hall through the dark and narrow entrance. The spooky other projection, surveillance grid and unpredictable darkness will give the audience a sense of strangeness and insecurity, but it also provides some curiosity and imagination. Types of work Interactive Installation Co-architects Ai Wei Wei & Jacques Herzog & Pierre de Meuron http://www.metropolismag.com/ideas/arts-culture/ai-wei-wei-herzogde-meuron-warn-the-city-watches-you/
Location the Park Avenue Armory in New York City
143
XIAOYU GAO
144
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Thesis Project The project is responded to the pre-thesis.
145
XIAOYU GAO
146
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Conceptual On-setting Diagram
Comparing the real life to the unreal life, testing the surreal ideas in order to transferring them into real life with real programs and means.
147
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
View Model Test Explore the relationship between mesh and sphere, and study the refraction relationship between concave and convex facades and planes.
148
2.01 Development Models
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
149
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
View Model Test
Exploring the visual relations between the interlaced space and the interior and outside of the buildings.
150
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
151
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Program Model Test
Introducing unrealistic projects into the building structure, through the intertwining of the building structure, the building can not only provide its own project diversity by surreal programs, but also provide the surreal or unbelievable visual experience of the surrounding buildings.
152
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
153
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Structure Model Test
The relationship between support and traction of different space truss structures to large hollow space was tested, and the support system and support points of sphere and column were found.
154
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
155
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Sun-Path Analysis
156
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
151 157
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Sunlight Conceptual Diagram
Working with the directed sunlight, the function and principle of vertical mirror and concave-convex mirror in reflecting sunlight are tested to solve the problem of inadequate site illumination.
158
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
Direct sunlight
Reflected direct sunlight
Direct sunlight
Reflected direct sunlight
Direct sunlight
Reflected direct sunlight
Direct sunlight
Reflected direct sunlight
THESIS
Direct sunlight
Reflected direct sunlight
Direct sunlight
Reflected direct sunlight
Direct sunlight
Reflected direct sunlight
Direct sunlight
Reflected direct sunlight
159
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Sunlight Reflection Analysis
The sunlight passes through the reflection and refraction of the surface of the sphere building, and the layers penetrate the building body to illuminate the site of the building, thus improving the lack of sunshine for the site all the year round.
160
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flec
Sunli
ght R
nr
Su
t Re ligh
eflec
tion
THESIS
tion
Sun
Sunset
ise
161
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Sunlight Direction Analysis For Four Direction Of The Building
Four facades of the building facing the street are analyzed by mapping the illumination route, and the concentrated illumination and reflection of light is compared.
162
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Low
High
Optical Radiation
163
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
View Conceptual Diagram
Analyzing the visual effect of the different medias such as straight, concave and convex, sphere and transparent material in high-rise Jason building.
164
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Directed View Reflected View
165
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
View Relationship Between Jason Building and Double Skin Sphere Space.
Analyzing he influence of the line of sight of high-rise Jason building is different from that of double-deck sphere structure.
166
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Directed View Reflected View
167
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Sphere Organization Analysis
To control the spatial arrangement of spheres and ensure that the multi-angle spheres are considerable, in order to create more layers of reflection and building space arrangement and coincidence relationship.
168
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
169
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
View Program Diagram
Adding the nature or other program to make the office space and outside view have more real and surreal possibility.
170
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Rope Climbing
Suspension Airbags
Nature Gym
Wall Climbing
4d Theater
Nature Park
THESIS
Mirror Space
Vertical Greening
171
165
XIAOYU GAO
172
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Site Plan
2.02 Site Plan
173
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
1st Floor Plan
1. Park Area 2. Elevator 3. Stair
174
2.03 Floor Plans
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
2 3 2
1
2
3 2 3
175
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
5th Floor Plan
2. Elevator 3. Stair 4. Gym 5. 6. 7. 8.
176
Airbag-floor Meeting Room Lobby Area Restroom Auxiliary Room
2.03 Floor Plans
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
8
8
6 2
2
4 8 6 7
5
7
2 6
2
3
7 6
7 3 8 8
177
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
16th Floor Plan
2. Elevator 3. Stair 6. Lobby Area 7. Restroom 8. Auxiliary Room 9. Climbing Space 10. Inside Nature Park
178
2.03 Floor Plans
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
3
10
7 2 6
2
3 2 6
2
3 9
179
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
27th Floor Plan
2. 3. 6. 7. 8.
Elevator Stair Lobby Area Restroom Auxiliary Room
10. Inside Nature Park 11. 4D Theater
180
2.03 Floor Plans
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
6 8
8
8
10 10
2
11 6
2
8
7
3 7
3 2
7 7 2
8
181
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
30th Floor Plan
2. Elevator 3. Stair 6. Lobby Area 7. Restroom 8. Auxiliary Room 10. Inside Nature Park
182
2.03 Floor Plans
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
8
2
THESIS
3
7 6
2
7
2
2
3
10 8
183
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
1-1 Building Section-Cross
1. Park Area 4. Gym 5. Airbag-floor Meeting Room 6. Lobby Area 8. Auxiliary Room 9. Climbing Space 10. Inside Nature Park 12. Rope Net Climbing Meeting Room 13. Vertical Greening Space
184
2.04 Building Section
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
10
10
8
8
5
9
6 9
12 13
13 4
13 5
5 1
181 185
XIAOYU GAO
186
2.04 Building Section
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
187
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
2-2 Building Section-Cross
1. Park Area 4. Gym 5. Airbag-floor Meeting Room 6. Lobby Area 8. Auxiliary Room 9. Climbing Space 10. Inside Nature Park 12. Rope Net Climbing Meeting Room 13. Vertical Greening Space
188
2.04 Building Section
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
10
10
8
8
8
8
10
5
9
9
10
6 9
12 13
13
12
13 4
4
13 5
13
5 1
1
181 189
XIAOYU GAO
190
2.04 Building Section
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
191
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Beale Street Elevation
192
2.05 Elevation
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
193
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Mission Street Elevation
194
2.05 Elevation
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
195
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Fremont Street Elevation
196
2.05 Elevation
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
197
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Market Street Elevation
198
2.05 Elevation
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
199
XIAOYU GAO
200
3.02 Exterior Perspectives
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
201
XIAOYU GAO
202
3.02 Exterior Perspectives
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
203
XIAOYU GAO
204
3.02 Exterior Perspectives
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
205
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
FoundationPartial PartialElevation Elevation And And Fundation Constructional Section Constructional Section
01. Partial Elevation 02. Constructional Section
Partial Elevation 01
192 206
2.06 Wall Section
2.07 Partial Elevation
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Light Strength Cable 4”
Base Plate With Welded Studs 4”
Concrete Mat Foundation 4’-0” Reinforce Concrete Column 1’-4”
3 Floors Basement Parking
Drilled Pipe 1’-4”
Fundation Partial Elevation And Constructional Section
02
Partial Elevation
192 207
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Middle PartPartial PartialElevation Elevation And And Fundation Constructional Section Section Constructional
01. Partial Elevation 02. Constructional Section
Partial Elevation 01
192 208
2.06 Wall Section
2.07 Partial Elevation
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Reflective Tinted Glass Panel 2”
Space Frame 6”
Clear Glass Panel 2”
2-Hr Fire Rated Glass Panel
Steel Stair
Fundation Partial Elevation And Constructional Section 3-Hr Fire Rated Glass Panel
2-Hr Fire Rated Glass Panel
02
Partial Elevation
192 209
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Top Part Partial Fundation PartialElevation ElevationAnd And Constructional Section Constructional Section
01. Partial Elevation 02. Constructional Section
Partial Elevation 01
192 210
2.06 Wall Section
2.07 Partial Elevation
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Reflective Tinted Glass Panel 2”
Clear Glass Panel 2”
Space Frame 6”
2-Hr Fire Rated Glass Panel
3-Hr Fire Rated Glass Panel
Continuous Curved Stringer Spliced
02
211
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Building Details of Critical Areas
212
2.08 Building Details
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
Inclined Strut 6” dia. Spherical Node 10” dia.
ConcreteTHESIS Mat Found
Rainforce Concrete C
Silicone Sealant With Backer Rod Base Plate.
Inclined Chord 6” dia.
Clear Glass Panel 2-Hr Fire Rated
3 Floors Basement Pa
Stair System Inside Tiles
Concrete Decking
Clear Glass Panel 2-Hr Fire Rated
Drilled Piep
Inclined Chord 6” dia. Tinted Glass Panel 3-Hr Fire Rated
Clear Glass Panel 2-Hr Fire Rated Soil Layer Base Couse Of Grovel Drainage Channel & Structural Transition Node Steel Truss
Concrete Decking
Clear Glass Panel 2-Hr Fire Rated Tinted Glass Panel 3-Hr Fire Rated Concrete Decking
Inclined Chord 6” dia. Beam 1ft
0
20ft
Constructional Secti 213
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Sustainability Strategy - Repetitive Glass Panel Construction System
Sustainability Strategy - Repetitive Glass Panel Construction System The The seven sevenmodules modulesequilateral equilateraltriangle triangleglass glasspanel in the building the facade of the panel in forms the building forms the sphere facadespace, of thecombined with flexible arrangement sphere ball space, combinedand withflexible flexiblestructural ball ar- support, rangement flexible support, allowing the and building to be structural disassembled and reassembled allowing to be disassembled and over timethe andbuilding functional requirements.
reassembled over time and functional requirements.
The buildings are arranged according to the needs of the building.
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2.09 Sustainability Strategy
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Adding the flexible support structures as the rainforced construction members for the whole building.
Building structural materials are arranged and reorganized according to the needs of the building.
215
205
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Sustainability Strategy-Solar Energy Diagram
216
2.12 Mechanical Diagram
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Mechanical Diagram
Grey Water System
Heating Plumming
Cooling Plumming
217
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Egress Stair Spatial Scale Analysis
218
2.10 Egress Diagram
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Double Skin System
219
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Egress Circulation
220
2.10 Egress Diagram
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Ground Exit Surrounding Buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Exit
Egress Diagram Egress Stair is rotated by following the double sphere space , the double-skin structural space provides a independent and successional space as assistant space for the programing space.
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M . ARCH
Structural Analysis
Expand the space of the original single facade, making it a space utility. The double-layer space-frame is used as the ball bearing body to realize the establishment of a large volume. Elevators, stairs and external auxiliary support structures as a whole architectural framework combine a single sphere space.
222
2.11 Structure Diagram
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Sphere Space
Egress Stair
Elevator
External Support Column
223
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
Sphere Surface Glass Panel
Support Columns
(As Space Frame Members For Double Spherical Surface)
224
2.11 Structure Diagram
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Sphere Surface
(Support Beam For Space Frame)
Sphere Frame Joints
225
XIAOYU GAO
226
M . ARCH
2.13 Building Section of an Important Public Space
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
227
XIAOYU GAO
228
M . ARCH
2.13 Building Section of an Important Public Space
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
229
XIAOYU GAO
M . ARCH
2.13 Building Section of an Important Public Space
230
2.13 Building Section of an Important Public Space
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
231
XIAOYU GAO
232
3.02 Interior Perspectives
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
233
XIAOYU GAO
234
3.02 Interior Perspectives
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
235
XIAOYU GAO
236
3.04 Photos Of Physical Model
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
237
XIAOYU GAO
238
3.01 Presentation Model
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
239
XIAOYU GAO
240
3.01 Presentation Model
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
241
XIAOYU GAO
242
M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Biblography Hunter N. Daily Life in Ancient Sumer p.2
P10-11
Le Corbusier Maison Domino 1914
P10-11
Lynn, Greg. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Architectural Curvilinearity: The Folded, the Pliant, and the Supple.â&#x20AC;?1993 p.8-15
P10-11
Mark Wigley, The Translation of Architecture, the Production of Babel, Assemblage No. 8 1989 p.3-5
P12-13
Hunter N. Daily Life in Ancient Sumer p.2
P12-13
http://worldpopulationreview.com/
P26-29
http://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/san-francisco-population/
P18-21
https://www.archdaily.com/782624/broadcom-yakum-setter-architects?ad_ medium=widget&ad_name=more-from-office-article-show
P126-127
https://www.designboom.com/architecture/big-architects-phonix-observation-tower/
P124-125
https://goldengatepark.com/conservatory-of-flowers.html
P128-129
http://www.lottehotel.com/world/en/Default.asp
P130-131
http://www.metropolismag.com/ideas/arts-culture/ai-wei-wei-herzog-de-meuron-warn-thecity-watches-you/
P132-133
https://www.domusweb.it/en/art/2015/06/05/anish_kapoor_san_gimignano.html
P136-137
http://www.misakoinaoka.com/installation-1/#/super-natural/
P138-139
http://www.metropolismag.com/design/alissa-nienke-design-profile/
P140-141
http://luminocity3d.org/WorldPopDen/#9/37.7295/-123.0029
P142-143
1.14 Bibliography
243
XIAOYU GAO
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M . ARCH
URBAN OBSERVATION TOWER
THESIS
Colophon
Sub-title:
Urban Observation Tower
Student:
Xiaoyu Gao
Student ID:
04565406
Project Module:
Thesis Design of Master
Semester of Graduation:
Fall 2018
Degree Pursued:
M.Arch (63 Units)
Advisor:
David Gill
Academy of Art University Graduate School of Architecture
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https://issuu.com/gaorosa246/docs/xiaoyu_gao_thesis_online