Urban Design Portfolio by Garden Gao

PORTFOLIO OF DENGKEQIN GAO 2014-2015 Master of Urban Development and Design

Contents

01 ARCHITECTURE MODEL VIA CONDOTTI, ROME, ITALY

02 PLAN CITY PRECINCTS LÜBECK, GERMANY, 53°52’ N

03 Central Airspace - Global Precinct SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA

04 Community Focus|Cerro Las Cañas VALPARAÍSO, CHILE

All the works are chosen from academic practises I did from 2014-2015

01 Architecture Model

• Group Members：Dengkeqin Gao, Yeyun Fan

VIA CONDOTTI (OFFICIALLY VIA DEI CONDOTTI) • a busy and fashionable street of Rome, Italy

• In Roman times it was one of the streets that crossed the ancient Via Flaminia and enabled people who transversed the Tiber to reach the Pincio hill • It begins at the foot of the Spanish steps and is named after conduits or channels which carried water to the Baths of Agrippa • Today, it is the street which contains the greatest number of Rome-based Italian fashion retailers

Location • Width: 8m • Length: 300m • Relationship to water body: Tiber River(Italian: River Fiume Tevere) • Paving materials: concrete • Orientation: from southwest to northeast • Shape: straight • Intersection with other streets: Via del Corso, Via Belsiana, Via Bocca di Leone, Via Mario Dè Fiori and Via del Babuino from west to east

Elevation - N

Section

Elevation - S

Model

02 Plan City Precincts

• Group Members：Dengkeqin Gao, Yeyun Fan

PLAN CITY PRECINCTS|LÜBECK 53°52’ N

• Lübeck, located in northern Germany on the River Trave near the Baltic Sea, is a planned city of the medieval period which for several centuries was the capital of the Hanseatic League. Today, Lübeck is a UNESCO World Heritage city.

City information • Country: Germany • State: Schleswig-Holstein • District: Urban districts of Germany • Climate: Oceanic climate and Humid continental climate • Population (2012-12-31) • Total: 211,713 • Density: 990/km2 (2,600/sq mi)

Figure Ground

City Form of LUBECK • Developed and expanded by the end of the 13th century --basic outline of the street network laid out --important precincts established, the market, castle and cathedral quarters --planned scheme that characterizes the townscape --wooden buildings replaced with stone buildings --a self-contained development formed with continuous alignments • Construction activities beginning in the mid 14th century --enlargement and alteration of buildings --consolidation of space in the interior areas of the blocks -- embellishment of churches, monasteries and public buildings • Between the mid and late 15th century -- massive city gates erected, including the Burgtor and the Holstentor, both of which survive and are symbols of the Hanseatic city • Decline of the Hanseatic League in the 16th century --Lübeck‘s dominant economic role in northern Europe comes to an end after 300 years • 16th to 18th centuries --city walls with bastions and revetments constructed --most building activity during the Renaissance and baroque periods limited to the renovation of the medieval substance • In the second half of the 19th century --economic boom accompanying the beginning of the industrial age --discontinuation of the nightly practice of the closing of gates --increased freedom of trade and the removal of building height limits --partial removal of the baroque city walls to construct the first railway --transformation from an old trading site to a port and industrial city --acceleration of the loss of historic buildings through the process of • modern urbanization following German unification in 1870 • Second World War --heavily bombed, one-fifth of the old city buildings destroyed, mostly in the foundation market centre

City Fortifivcations

Heritage Value of Lübeck’s Old City • In 1987, large sections of the Lübeck old city were added to the UNESCO list of world heritage sites as an outstanding example of an urban ensemble, justified due to the authenticity and integrity of the cultural assets. The World Heritage “Hanseatic City of Lübeck “ fulfills UNESCO’s criterion IV for universal value, according to which the medieval city is “an outstanding example of a type which illustrates a significant stage in history.”

Conservation In Lübeck • Lübeck was the first city in post-World War II Germany to reject urban renewal and institute urban conservation. Urban structural change in the larger metro region based on“car-friendly and functional urban planning” divided the urban territory into three parts: city, suburbs and industrial areas but this led to a reaction against loss of local identity and industrialization. Early conservation moves around 1900 were developed during the Nazi period in the 1930s for nationalistic and ideological reasons. War-related destruction in the 1940s led to comprehensive rehabilitation of the old town in the 1970s, not modernist urban renewal, with the historic centre preserved as a living cultural monument on the model of Bologna, Italy. Preservation of historic buildings was linked to securing residential tenancies in the historic districts to maintain social mix. Public spaces and market places were conserved as a contribution to strengthening the function of the old town Design regulations included restriction of roofing materials to brick-red or red-brown tiles, and facades with bright clear colors

History • Old Lübeck formed in 7th century was a medieval West Slavic settlement near the site of modern Lübeck, destroyed in 1138. • The new town was founded in 1143 as a German settlement at the current location on an island in the River Trave, and quickly developed into a significant commercial centre for the Baltic Sea region. Within a planned series of parallel streets built east-west across the island, the market centre - the foundation settlement at the midpoint of the island - coalesced with the other nuclei of the new town: the castle district in the north and the cathedral quarter in the south. • In 1226 Lübeck became an Imperial Free City. Along with its favorable location for trade, this helped Lübeck achieve substantial political power and become the most important commercial centre in northern Europe. From the 13th century onwards, the Hanseatic League developed into one of the most powerful alliances of cities during the medieval period. Due to its privileges and its status as the “leading city of the Hanseatic League,” Lübeck assumed a dominant position in the federation of cities. The city’s layout, its urban architecture and the town charter became the basis for many cities in the Hanseatic League and the Baltic Sea region. • During World War II, Lübeck was the first German city to be bombed by the British (in March 1942) and one fifth of the historic town was heavily destroyed.

Site Selection

Site Analsis

Issues • Lübeck has suffered economic and population decline in recent decades but the Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link (a road-rail tunnel under the Baltic, connecting Germany to Denmark and its link to Malmö, Sweden over the Oresund) will open in 2021, it will boost tourism and the local economy as well as benefit employment. • In the precinct area adjoining the World Heritage sites, the rate of land use is low and parking lots occupy a large proportion of these sites along the River Trave. • The buildings in the old town which were built in the bombed parts of the city after World War II were utilitarian and out of character with the medieval core. • There is a lack of transition between the old town and new town, with the historic Holstentor – the symbol of the city – isolated on a traffic island. • The current transport system cannot support traffic flows between the old town and new town. • The rail lines of the 19th century, which destroyed the city walls on the western side of the medieval core, have been removed but most of this area remains unused industrial land, with a few isolated cultural buildings and hotels, out of character with the World Heritage sites. • The transition from the main railway station to the historic city is dominated by heavily used arterial roads and roundabouts. • The building density is high in the old town and there are few open public spaces. • The commercial area adjoining the railway station is only partially developed. • Alternative uses for former warehouses along the waterfront have been creative.

Master Plan

Objectives • • • • • • •

• •

To provide a residential area which can adapt to the population growth in the future To provide different housing types to meet the demand of different people To restore the mediaeval pattern in the old town area and create more public space To take measures to deal with the parking lots problem to improve land use efficiency To integrate the modern Musik- und Kongresshalle (MUK) and its associated hotels with continuous urban fabric as a cultural buffer zone in building type and function To remake the connection between the railway station and the old town in character with the heritage values of the city through traffic calming and urban green space To establish a pedestrian friendly network in the current car-dominated zone between the railway station and the Holstentor, and to improve the urban setting of the Holstentor Create landscape along waterfront of the island to improve environmental living quality To provide a mix of land use including commercial, retail, residential and cultural

CULTURAL+RETAIL ENTERTAINMENT+RETAIL LIVING+RETAIL LIVING+WORKING PARKING BUILDING LIVING

exibition hall

restaurant

hotel

media dock

cafe

apartment complex

music muk

bar

gallery

clothing shop

artist workshop office space

Strategy

town • Build parking buildings or combine the parking area with buildings to cut down the area of surface car parks which currently occupy too much land.

RETAIL

WORKING

uses. • 1. In old town area Restore the pre-WWII urban pattern in the bombed part of the city, reinstate the building type which features gable roofs. Clear the small buildings in the center of each block to lower the density in order to provide more open space Have regard for old people, small families, singles, returnees, craftsman and creative artists as target group, create small sized multifunction live-work apartments. On the ground floor of the urban blocks, fill with cafés, retail or clinics to reinforce a combination of living and working. Set parking buildings and underground parking lots to meet the demand of people living nearby • 2. On the island area Restore the form of the baroque fortifications through landscape interventions in order to extend the parklands from the south to the north around the historic core, in addition, creating a pedestrian-friendly water front and relaxation place. Set mixed-use areas to meet the development of future Lubeck Permit construction of buildings with modern characteristics in contrast to the buildings of the historic core, including appropriate landmark structures Build pedestrian bridges and one road bridge to connect the old town to the railway station Re-build the connection from the railway station through the gate area of the Holstentor to the old town • Build an exhibition hall on the north corner to link the Hanseatic museum in the old

CULTURAL

studio space

beauty sallon bookshop electronic

ENTERTAINMENT gym cinema community

Landscape

Car lane

View corridor

Pedestrian

Housing Types Target Group Old people Small families Single people Returness Craftsman and creative

Housing Type Roof: gable roof (historical typical roof) red tile mixed with teracs Facade: historical type

Density PRIAVTE

Max 4 levels 3m height lower density than historical type

HISTORICAL

Ground Floor PUBLIC

working + living commerical, retail, doctors, cafes, restaurants, open space

PUBLIC SPACE + PRIVATE SPACE NEW TYPE

The founder Quarter: Mengstraße , Alfstraße , Fish Street and Brown Street (partnfrom the Erstkataster of 1890-1905 , redrawn for: German cities Atlas Delivery III, No. 6, 1984 Altenbeken

Parking underground parking parking house within walkable distance

Aerial Views

03 Central Airspace - Global Precinct

• Group Members：Dengkeqin Gao, Yeyun Fan, Feier Lu, Linxiao Zhou, Zhichao Wang, Xiaofeng Liu

Background Information â&#x20AC;˘ Sydney central station is located at the southern end of the Sydney CBD and is the largest railway station in Australia. The surrounding areas of central railway station contain some traditional residential suburbs (Surry Hills, Chippendale, Camperdown, Darlington), educational sectors (UTS, USYD), Australian Technology Park. A major new strategy to redevelop the Sydney central station has been created. This project will create opportunities for investment on an international scale with innovative proposals. â&#x20AC;˘ The Sydney central station presents an urban renewal opportunity for Sydney that is unrivalled in Australia with development and public domain outcomes that will rival global precedents. Over 800 thousand square metres of new floor space could be made available along the 2KM renewal corridor with opportunities to create worldclass public domain and improved cross city links. The excellent engineering technology, learned from West Manhattan project, will be adopted for the proposals. Proposals over the deck will create a new Sydney icon after completing the project.

Stages

Public Benefits • Growth of the NSW economy and strong financial benefits for taxpayers. • Creating the new financial rallying point, service the whole Asia Pacific. • Expanded housing supply, including significantly increasing density, student and various levels of hotels. • Increased employment, investment and job opportunities through the extension of the Sydney CBD. • Improved public open space and additional neighborhood and cross-city connectionson the deckbringing the city together. • Preservation and renewal the existing heritage items.

Transport Infrastructure • Dimensional transport system will be introduced for the proposal. • Existing accessible tunnel will be removed, and new tunnel under concourse and platforms will be designed under the middle of each platform to form a new thoroughfare. • After completing central station project, zerodistance transfer will be achieved. • Redesign and increase existing height of the car parking building in order to address car-parking issue.

Shadow Analysis

Character Of A Global City

Feasibility GENERAL SCENARIO

WORST SCENARIO

• A variety of international financial services, notably in finance, insurance, real estate, banking, accountancy, and marketing Headquarters of several multinational corporations. • The existence of financial headquarters, a stock exchange and major financial institutions. • Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area. • Major manufacturing centres with port and container facilities. • Considerable decision-making power on a daily basis and at a global level. • Centres of new ideas and innovation in business, economics, culture and politics. • Centres of media and communications for global networks. • Dominance of the national region with great international significance. • High percentage of residents employed in the services sector and information sector. • High-quality educational institutions, including renowned universities, international student attendance and research facilities. • Multi-functional infrastructure offering some of the best legal, medical and entertainment facilities in the country.

Analysis PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT&RALLYING POINT

PUBLIC TRANSPORT ROADS & TRAFFIC

MOST LIKELY SCENARIO

VACANT LANDS FOR FOUNDATION

Design Principles • To provide north-south green link from Redfern to Belmore Park over the rail. • To offer new east-west connections between Prince Alfred Park and Central Sydney. • Suitable locations of Lower buildings protect solar access for Prince Alfred Park. • Sunny open space are provided within the global precinct. • Retain and enhance key heritage items around the project area.

Aims • To create buildings of exceptional architectural quality. • To link various transport systems successfully, offer alternative methods for people to travel with. • To showcase the future in office, exhibition, and residence. • To demonstrate new selection procedures and modes of cooperation. • To create and highlight brand new feature for central station area. • To fortify the current district, and reborn its unique charming. • To follow global precinct theme to redevelop the central station.

Objectives • To adopt decks to cover platforms of central station in order to form the upper ground floor. • To design skyscrapers and multi-story buildings to form global precinct. • To create dimensional traffic system, and then connect different transport systems efficiently. • To form the hotel/accommodation area in order to boost Sydney tourism. • To increase permeability of the project area and provide pedestrians with access within the long project area. • To provide adequate floor plate for different space use (commercial, residential, retail and hospitality.) • To create sunny open space to for people’s outdoor activities. • To provide employment opportunities within the project area. • To extend the existing CBD, to connect various infrastructures smoothly.

Master Plan

Elevation

Analysis Proposed Pedestrian Movement

Sketchs Proposed Green Space

04 Valparaíso - Community Focus Cerro Las Cañas

• Group Members：Dengkeqin Gao, Shiyao Wu

Background Information • Valparaíso is a major city, seaport, and educational centre of Chile. It is the third largest metropolitan area in this country and located 69.5 miles northwest of capital Santiago. Cerro Las Cañas is a hill located at southeast of Valparaíso, which just experienced a disastrous wildfire this April. Due to the poor transport system and fireproof infrastructures, about 12,500 people have been affected and 2,900 houses were destroyed. Additionally, Cerro Las Cañas is a great hill with complicated terrain which restricts building forms, land uses and the mobility of local residents. Basic service facilities is an other significant problem faced by local people. People who live here can not be provided good education and medical treatment at all. On the other hand, comparing with other areas, this site has many escape routes from central ridge top. As a result, the reconstruction and improvement of this site are truly important and urgent.

Site Situation

Issues • The topography of Cerro Las Canas is varied and complicated, which affects the mobility of residents to a significant extent. • The transportation system is underdeveloped, such as the absence of interconnection and roads structuring transverse (W-E). • T h e q u a l i t y a n d q u a n t i t y o f a v a i l a b l e infrastructure here is imperfect, particularly as it relate to transport. • A b s e n c e o f a a p p r o p r i a t e p l a n n i n g o f constructions on the hills. The area is characterized by hills construction of homes irregularly and without quality standards consider habitability . • The area of the hills has no consolidated public space. • The area of the hills is highly exposed to natural hazards, such as earthquake, landslides and fires, due to the combination of structural factors (slopes and ravines) and dynamic (climate and erosion). • T h e a r e a o f t h e h i l l s i s l a c k o f w a s t e management. • Cold wind from southwest in winter. • Low income and educational level in this area.

After the wildfire (2014.4.19.) Source: Google Earth

Before the wildfire (2014.2.1.) Source: Google Earth

After the reconstruction (2014.8.8.) Source: Google Earth

Issues

4.00 m

Transportation

8.00 m

Section A-A1: Location of proposed east-west bridge across deep ravine

Section B-B1: Location of proposed east-west ascensore on steep hillside Current undeveloped transportation system (Region)

Current undeveloped transportation system (Site)

Community focus site selection - broad meeting point of three spurs of Cerro Las Ca単as

Aims Objectives • To improve the mobility of residents and traffic. • To develop roads interconnection, especially roads from west to east. • To provide appropriate place of habitation and employment. • To protect people from natural disasters such as earthquake, landslides and fire. • To plan the use of existing land appropriately. • To create a better environment for residents. • To improve the quality and quantity of service infrastructures and facilities. • To against cold wind comes from southwest. • To develop the educational level of local people.

Strategies

Master Plan

• Create a plan for road infrastructure and public transport network, such as ways out, connection (cable-way, ascensore, bridge) and the separation of pedestrian and vehicle. • Plan appropriate land use and improve selfbuild homes. • Construct public infrastructures, such as plaza, retails, health centre, community garden, sport fields. • P r o v i d e b a s i c s e r v i c e s , s u c h a s w a t e r , electricity, sewer and paved roads to the settlements on the hills. • R e f o r e s t a t i o n p r o g r a m i n t h e f i r e a r e a , replacing vegetation plantations “native” protection against risks. For example, replace flammable trees with fire-resistant trees. • Create spatial plan defining risk areas in hill and ravines and identify escape routes. • Construct fireproof buildings that built by flameproof materials and establish fire station. • Construct aseismic buildings and consolidate sloping fields to against earthquake and landslides. • Strengthen waste management, such as periodic treatment and separating waste collection. Implement specific points as landfill wast, raise public awareness of the importance of waste disposal. • Against cold wind by planting shelterbelt or changing the orientation of buildings. • Enhance educational level and create more job opportunities by developing schools, library, health centre and shops.

Transportation

Augmented transportation system: N-S, E-W (Region)

Augmented transportation systemďź&#x161;N-S, E-W (Site)

Elevation Primary School

Church

Social Housing Community Centre Fire Station Health Centre (retail, cafe)

Section C-C1 New community facilities

Analysis

Transport System Analysis

Bridge

Land Use Analysis

Aerial Views

New road link to next Cerro and reginal sports facility

Community gardens integrated with housing blocks

Aerial View of the whole community focus

DENGKEQIN GAO garden0127@gmail.com|+61416466411 Educational Background 2009 - 2013

Bachelor of Urban Planning|Nanjing Nanjing University Jinling College

2014 - 2015

Master of Urban Development and Design|Sydney University of New South Wales