Hypertech Magazine iNFOTE S33 Jan- Apr 2018 by garygrey

HyperTech

Magazine

INFO TE 17/18 Issue Infote S33 January-April 2018

Emerging Technology

CONTENTS Foreword

Group 1 - Vritual Reality

Group 2 - Gamification

Group 3 - Blockchain Technology

Group 4 - Mobile Society

References

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ABOUT GARY A. GREY, MBM Gary A. Grey, MBM, is a consultant for software development engaged in creating optimal decision-making systems and intelligent process support software for the global market. He is concurrently a faculty member of the Ateneo Graduate School of Business where he teaches Information Technology, Business Intelligence, E-Marketing, Technopreneurship, and E-Commerce. In the Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health teaches Health Informatics. He took up undergraduate studies at De La Salle University where he graduated Magna Cum Laude major in Economics in 1972. He served in the banking community for the last 26 years with stints in Union Bank of the Philippines, Bancom Development Corporation, and PCIBank.

Emerging Technology

Foreword GARY A. GREY This issue of Hypertech E-magazine features 4 emerging technologies: • Virtual Reality • Gamification • Blockchain •5G All these technologies have converged to form the Web 3.0 - a more connected, open, and intelligent version of Web 2.0 (social media which allowed open collaboration and sharing) with semantic web technologies, distributed processing,

it’s like having to alter each document of which

machine learning, machine reasoning and

everybody has a copy. Blockchain eliminates

autonomous agents.

middlemen and adds a lot of value to either the

databases,

natural

language

producer or consumer since transaction fees of While virtual reality and gamification have reached

the middlemen are eliminated. The advent of 5G

their peaks in the 2015 Gartner Hype Cycle

will bring about faster speed of transactions and

Reports, blockchain technology as embodied in

collaboration and hopefully will be launched in

bitcoin cryptocurrency and 5 G communication

the near future in the Philippines through more

infrastructure are expected to disrupt all aspects

players in the telecommunications industry.

of business in the nearby future. Among the main beneficiaries of blockchain technology

All these technologies while initially expensive

are the finance, healthcare, and government

will gradually be affordable as a result of

sectors. In the Philippines, Union Bank of the

economies of scale. While these technologies

Philippines has pioneered blockchain adoption

are in diverse fields, the common thread is that

in its credit card and retail banking operations.

all of them are subject to the law of accelerating

The

returns with exponential growth in benefits and

blockchain

process

algorithm

transparent, and immutable and thus produces accountability.

cost reduction.

The steps in blockchain are

seen and clear to everyone and are immutable,

Hypertech Magazine

meaning you cannot change it because to do so,

Issue Infote S33 January-April 2018

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THE HEART AND SOUL ON THE COMPANY IS CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION

Emerging Technology

Group 1 VIRTUAL REALITY

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ABOUT To define Virtual Reality, let us first look at definitions

virtual environment by adjusting the environment

of “virtual” and “reality” separately. Virtual is defined

according to the inputs gathered from the user.

as being something in essence or effect, though not actually or in fact. Reality on the other hand, is what

The inputs commonly applied usually uses three

we humans actually experience. Combining two

of the five senses; sight, sound and touch by a

terms, virtual reality basically means near-reality.

person, gestures or movement made by hand and/

A more straightforward technical term came from

or body so that the content of the image moves

Steuer [1995] who proposed a technology-neutral

in some direction. The user becomes part of this

definition of VR: “a virtual reality is defined as a

virtual world or is immersed within this environment

real or simulated environment in which a perceiver

and whilst there, is able to manipulate objects or

experiences telepresence”. The term telepresence

perform a series of actions.

is similar to other authors’ use of presence, choosing it to differentiate from presence in a real

Sophisticated efforts involve approaches that

environment.

includes wrap-around display screens and actual rooms augmented with wearable haptic devices

Today, virtual reality or VR, is defined as an artificial

that projects images in front of your eyes.

software powered environment that is created by highly interactive computer devices. It provides the influence where a user suspends belief and accepts it as a real environment. On a computer, virtual reality is a three-dimensional computer generated environment which can primarily be explored, interacted with and experienced. It creates a feeling that users have control over the

On a computer, virtual reality is a three-dimensional computer generated environment which can primarily be explored, interacted with and experienced. It creates a feeling that users have control over the virtual environment by adjusting the environment according to the inputs gathered from the user.

Emerging Technology

TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY The global VR market anticipates an overall valua-

Emerging Technologies for 2017, VR and AR are

tion of more than US$26 Billion by the end of 2022

two of the most important trends for the next 10

according to a report published by Zion Market

years.

Research. And based on Gartner Hype Cycle for

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VR continuously improve and offer new technolo-

when VR technology is developed enough

gies. It has managed to take the entire world by

through implementation of different sensory

storm. Listed below are the top trends in VR devel-

devices, users can potentially test out smell

opment to look forward to in 2018.

and flavors as well. In November 2016, Alibaba, an e-commerce behemoth, introduced

● Beyond Sound and Vision – An emphasis

VR shopping to its customers across China.

is placed towards two senses – vision and

Shopping experience managed to attract

sounds. However, serious progress is made

more than 30,000 shoppers in no more

involving other senses. At the 2017 Tokyo

than a couple of days. One week later, this

Game Show, developers introduced VAQSO

amount escalated to approximately 8 million

VR – a scent enabling device – the world’s

shoppers.

smallest virtual reality scent device and can be attached to any kind of headset regard-

● Media Integration – The next generation

less of its kind.

media for more effective and better exposure of brands. VR advertising could easily

● Advanced VR Tools – Various specialists

take user information and display relevant

predict that advanced tools for VR systems

advertisements through simulated augment-

are on its way to conquer the world of media.

ed reality. This greatly changes the overall

An example of this is the most anticipated

customer journey.

tool for 2018, the MindShow. It allows regular users to create their own character-driven movies in VR. These tools will likely empower known platforms such as YouTube and Instagram for enhanced storytelling feature. ● V-Commerce – VR is undoubtedly a part of the future of retail. Consumers will be able to test out clothes, gear as well as other products before they place a purchase. And

Emerging Technology

STRENGTHS ● Quality of the product due to the technical advantages in the mobile market ● Using elements of smartphones to save money on research ● In case of oculus: deep connection with the audience / target group / developers

OPPORTUNITIES ● Broad field for possible usage, many potential markets ● New technology results in small competition ● Big interest in VR - strong and loyal fanbase

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WEAKNESSES ● Motion sickness, uncomfortable use of HMD (Head-mounted Device) for people with glasses

● Cables, no free movement ● No full tracking / No haptic feedback ● Compatibility issues may occur because of undefined hardware specifications

THREATS ● VR hardware depends on VR content - bad / lack of VR content can result in lack of sales ● Bad PR - (typical media reports of addiction to VR can occur) ● Overall failure - no general acceptance for VR

Emerging Technology

APPLICATIONS

The potential of VR technology is endless. The

For example, astronomy students can learn about

main benefit of VR is the ability to change the

the solar system and how it works by physical

circumstances surrounding the user to make them

engagement with the objects within. They can

live in actual situations saving both time and cost.

move planets, see around stars and track the

Potential VR applications are described below.

progress of a comet. VR also enables them to see how abstract concepts work in a three dimensional

Virtual Reality in the Military

environment

which

makes

them

easier

Virtual reality has been adopted by the military –

understand and retain. This is useful for students

this includes all three services (army, navy and air

who have a particular learning style, e.g. creative

force) – where it is used for training purposes. This

or those who find it easier to learn using symbols,

is particularly useful for training soldiers for combat

colours and textures.

situations or other dangerous settings where they have to learn how to react in an appropriate manner. A virtual reality simulation enables them to do so without the risk of death or a serious injury. They can re-enact a particular scenario, for example engagement with an enemy in an environment in which they experience this but without the real world risks. This has proven to be safer and less costly than traditional training methods. Military uses of virtual reality ● Flight simulation

Virtual Reality in Medicine

● Battlefield simulation

Healthcare is one of the biggest adopters of virtual

● Medic training (battlefield)

reality which encompasses surgery simulation,

● Vehicle simulation

phobia treatment, robotic surgery and skills

● Virtual boot camp

training. One of the advantages of this technology is that it allows healthcare professionals to learn new skills as well as refreshing existing ones in a safe environment. Plus it allows this without causing any danger to the patients. 1. Human simulation software - One example of this is the HumanSim system which enables

Virtual Reality in Education

doctors, nurses and other medical personnel

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to interact with others in an interactive

Virtual Reality in Entertainment and Sports

environment.

training

The entertainment and media industry is one of the

scenarios in which they have to interact with

most enthusiastic advocates of virtual reality, most

a patient within a 3D environment. This is

noticeably in games and virtual worlds. But other

an immersive experience which measures

equally popular areas include:

They

engage

the participant’s emotions via a series of sensors.

● Virtual Museums, e.g. interactive

exhibitions 2. Virtual reality diagnostics - Virtual reality

● Galleries

is often used as a diagnostic tool in that it

● Theatre, e.g. interactive performances

enables doctors to arrive at a diagnosis in

● Virtual theme parks

conjunction with other methods such as MRI

● Discovery centers

scans. This removes the need for invasive

● VR software for building virtual fashion

procedures or surgery.

stores ● 3D avatars (virtual humans) to help with

3. Virtual robotic surgery - A popular use

clothes design

of this technology is in robotic surgery. It is

● Fashion show in Second Life

performed thru a robotic device controlled by

● 3D fashion portfolio

a human surgeon, which reduces time and risk of complications. Virtual reality has been

Virtual Reality in Heritage

also been used for training purposes and,

This refers to the use of virtual reality in museum

in the field of remote telesurgery in which

and historical settings, e.g. visitor centres.

surgery is performed by the surgeon at a

These settings employ interaction as a means of

separate location to the patient.

communicating information to the general public in new and exciting ways. The old model was that of passive engagement in which people viewed the exhibits but did not get involved in an experience which interaction is the main feature. Interactive displays form a large part of many exhibitions and particularly appeal to children. Spending time in a museum or gallery is not the most appealing experience to children nowadays. However, the use of interactive technologies such as virtual reality has changed that perception and opened up these spaces to a new audience.

Emerging Technology

Virtual Reality in Business and Communication

evaluate if additional support is needed to

The business applications of VR are as varied as

handle new technology requirements

the industries the technology could impact; Virtual Reality as a means of business communication both

Virtual Reality and Scientific Visualization

internally and externally has long been envisioned

Virtual reality is increasingly used in the field of

and predicted. The applications can range from

scientific visualization. This field is based upon

“face-to-face” meetings to mass participation

using computer graphics to express complex ideas

through “Virtual Conventions.” Enterprise adoption

and scientific concepts, for example molecular

of VR would also mean the introduction of a

models or statistical results.

massive opportunity for communication providers. Among the benefits in business and communication

Scientific visualization is used as a mean of

include:

communicating abstract concepts to an audience which also aids with understanding. The audience

● VR can improve training processes

can interact with these images. For instance, the

● Minimizing travel

participants can view a molecular structure at

● Improved levels of customer service

different angles or as a mean of problem solving.

● Problem solving

Virtual reality enables scientists to demonstrate a

● Prototyping

method or convey complex ideas in a visual format. This includes semi-immersive and full immersive

Virtual Reality in Engineering and

environments in which they visualise research

Architecture

theories or discuss large data sets. This is used in

Virtual reality walk-throughs enable designers

the following scientific disciplines:

and building owners to better understand how

● Physics

a space will look, function, and operate. A step

● Chemistry

above blueprints, animations, and fly-throughs, a

● Biology

full-scale 3D visualization enables architects and

● Medicine

clients to explore the layout in a 1:1 scale and make changes instantaneously. Virtual reality solutions help building owner clients and AEC partners to: ● Conduct thorough and decisive design reviews ● Establish effective collaboration and decision-making ● Gain a competitive advantage with virtual modeling and 1:1 scale walk-throughs ● Reduce project costs and improve workflow efficiency ● Work with a building’s mechanical, electrical, and plumbing services to

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COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS VR technology is now successfully used in the fields of healthcare, education, military, architecture, among others. Thus, it is a great way for business owners to familiarize the customers with the goods and services that they offer. The market of VR app development is currently unoccupied and waiting for a killer app. Hence, this is a great opportunity for start-ups and existing businesses to find their niche and become the Uber of virtual reality. Imagine a mobile app which gives you a view of what is inside the house you are planning to buy in first person perspective, a detailed view of the new car model in VR or even as little as viewing the actual size of the a burger your planning to eat later for lunch? Using the quoted rates of Think Mobiles Company, a virtual reality mobile application developer, The project cost for VR app development is Php2,000 per hour. On an average, an app can be completed and functional in ten (10) days. As a result, the total cost will reach Php 480,000

For the cost-benefit analysis, we have assumed that by using VR technology the total cost to be avoided by a real estate company for reducing the procurement of 1,000 pieces of brochures per month, their cost will be reduced by Php309,000.00

Emerging Technology

ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS There are a few ethical issues in regard to virtual

as a result. In some situations, they actively seek

environments which need to be addressed. These

out this type of scenario for the adrenaline rush

are related to human behavior and motivations

and sense of power.

and are also a concern for the gaming industry. This has been noticed with gamers, especially those who play first person shooters or role-playing

They include: ● The problem of ‘desensitization’ Virtual

games which involve a high degree of immersion.

criminality ● The desensitization of virtual reality

Another issue related to this is ‘cyber-addiction’.

● Virtual Pornography

There are people who become addicted to virtual reality games and as a consequence, start to blur

Concerns have been raised about a possible

the boundary between real and virtual life. They

relationship

and

spend increasing amounts of time in the virtual

desensitization. This refers to virtual reality games

environment which has a detrimental effect on

in which there are high levels of violence or training

their real-world life.

between

virtual

reality

exercises for the military in which soldiers engage in simulated combat scenarios which include

Virtual criminality

killing.

It is hard to imagine but what happens if someone commits a criminal act but within a

Desensitization

virtual environment? A potential situation is one

Desensitization means that the person is no longer

in which several people are immersed within a

affected by extreme acts of behavior such as

virtual environment but one of these participants

violence and fails to show empathy or compassion

becomes injured or traumatized due to the actions

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of another person in that situation. The question is whether it is possible for someone to suffer an injury or mental distress as a result of a violent action carried out in a virtual environment. And if this does happen is the perpetrator punished in a similar way to someone who commits this action in the real world? What may be argued is whether a virtual reality participant can experience pain, distress or other emotions associated with a criminal act? Virtual Pornography New VR technology could allow for personal experiences of a kind even more real and perfect than the real world, and the consequences are expected to change every form of experience we have with technology today. Inevitably, those advances are also being used in the pornographic industry, to create new kinds of virtual reality videos. Research has suggested that VR porn could bring with it a whole host of ethical questions and challenges to relationships. The extra â&#x20AC;&#x153;realityâ&#x20AC;? added by the technology could mean that people believe watching such content to be cheating on their partners, for instance, or it might allow people to act out fantasies that are considered violent or extreme. . The disadvantages of virtual reality described above are minute in comparison to the wide benefits of virtual reality as a whole but it is very important that these issues are addressed.

Emerging Technology

Conclusion

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Need to be regulated.â&#x20AC;? There should be an age rating fit for the proper age especially for kids. They might have a hard time differentiating the VR world from the Real world. Less Real-world Socialization People may tend to decrease the real-world socialization due to emerging trend of VR Socials wherein you can just enter a room with your avatar and just meet via VR.

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Group MEMBERS Abitria, Joanna Kim P. Cruz, Jesrick N. Miranda, Tom Gerard A. Ortega, Maricris S. Pajaro, Gladie L. Reyes, Michael Dominic Uzziel C. Santos, Nezian M. Verzosa, John Michael O.

Emerging Emerging Technology Technology

Group 2 GAMIFICATION

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ABOUT Gaming has been an integral part of humanity

scoring, award badges etc.) on non-gaming

since the ancient civilization. Oftentimes it has

experiences to encourage participation and user

been affiliated with entertainment but in recent

interaction. It helps ease learning especially for

years, gaming has been popularly utilized for

people with low attention span and interest on the

learning and education hence igniting the birth of

subject matter. Businesses also utilize gamification

Gamification.

to help create deeper customer loyalty and higher customer satisfaction.

Gamification is commonly defined as application of elements and principles of gaming (such as competition, play mechanics, experience points

TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY The gaming industry has evolved to a multi-billion

stabilized may have finally reach its plateau.

dollar business through the years and it doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t seem to show signs of slowing down anytime

Various

tech

companies

such

Google,

soon. Gamification even paved the way to further

Facebook, Nintendo capitalized on this trend

skyrocket the already robust industry.

to enhance user engagement and retention. Widely popular educational games such Big Brain

Popularity of gamification is driven mostly by the

Academy on the Nintendo DS had great reception

rise of millennials entering the workforce and also

and was met with huge success as it deviated

generation of zoomers with attention spans shorter

from the conventional way of learning. This trend

than a goldfish. Although gamification may still be

on education may perhaps be on its golden years.

considered in its infancy however the hype on this creative experience is predicted to have already

Popularity of gamification is driven mostly by the rise of millennials entering the workforce and also generation of zoomers with attention spans shorter than a goldfish.

Emerging Emerging Technology Technology

STRENGTHS ● Availability of shared minimal language Gamification does not require the design of a full pledged game with shared technique focusing mainly on three main game components - points, badges and leaderboards. Its main strength is simplicity and convenience. ● Availability of ready-to-use solutions Any website, application, or social network, can add game elements by simply embedding codes in their systems or integrating prepackaged software modules. ● Enhancement of user engagement and motivation

OPPORTUNITIES ● Increasing acceptance by the market Usage of game mechanics for increasing user performance and participation is very popular nowadays in a variety of fields such as tutorials, forums, and crowdsourcing platforms. ● Push of Video Game Industry The growth of video game industry contributed a lot to the success of gamification. ● Increasing interest of the academic world ● Changing Behavior Using gamification practices such as exergames and games for improving physical states, such as Super Better, can help change people behavior towards healthier lifestyles and more sustainable consumption practices. ● Inclusion of new game elements There is still a huge quantity of game components and mechanics that can be applied to the enhancement of gamification.

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WEAKNESSES ● Unclear effects on user attitudes and behavior Fitz Walter et al (2011) report on the Orientation Passport, a gamified orientation event application for smartphone states that although the added achievements were generally well received by the users, but once the achievement have been unlocked majority of the users stopped using the application features. ● Simplification and limitation of the game elements employed Despite the simplicity of its language represents a strength, the game elements commonly used in gamified applications rarely go beyond the basic alphabet represented by points, badges and leaderboards. According to Werbach and Hunter (2012), majority of gamifications start with the PBLs, they are so common that they are often described as gamification itself. ● One-size fits-all Though convenience is one of the strengths of gamification, reducing the complexity of games and replacing their essence with few elementary design elements is one of its weaknesses. One size fits all approach conflicts with the characteristic of games which is the sense of discovery and novelty that they elicit in players. ● Side effects Gamification design technique is mainly a cut and paste methodology lacking originality not only of the scarce variety of elements employed, but also for a perspective inclined to consider different contexts and users in the same way.

THREATS ● Failure by Poor Design According to Gartner (2012) gamification main problem that could lead to its failure is its lack of game design and its focus on obvious game mechanics such as points, badges and leaderboards rather than more important game elements such as balancing competition and collaboration, or defining a meaningful game economy. ● Behavior Modification and Ethical Issues Gamification, according to Dannah Boyd, is a modern-day form of manipulation, and like all cognitive manipulation, it can help and hurt people.

Emerging Technology

APPLICATIONS A.Business

B.Industry

The popularity of gamifications as a new way to

Gamification is currently being applied to different

engage both employees and customers is growing.

industry. They used gamifications for customer engagement, employee performance, training

Internally, most of the businesses, companies

and education, personal development, health and

and organizations wants their employee to reach

wellness. In its current form, Gamification is the

their best potential, most productive, engaged

new trends in the industry and we see this to grow

and motivated to help their business to grow and

more in the future.

achieve their goals. They used gamifications as a tool to help them to engage their employees.

In the Philippines, most of the companies are using gamification in the format of reward system. Here

Externally (customers), gamification is very useful

are the examples:

for customer engagement. They use it to reward their customers by that customers become faithful and repurchase their product or services.

Retails: - SM Advantage card - Robinsons Card

Based on the survey conducted by Gallup

- Rustans FSP premium card

research. It shows why organization are increasing

- Puregold Perks card

interest in gamification. The Gallup study find out that only 31% are engaged and the rest of the

Airlines:

69% are disengaged employees. But when they

- Mabuhay Miles

segmentized the date it turns out that millennials are

- Get go card

least engaged generation with 38% engagement. It only shows that millennials do not have the

Others:

opportunity to show their best work. To address

- Laking National Card (Nation bookstore)

this issues Human Resources and businesses

- Suki Card (Mercury Drug store)

are now using gamification to attract new breed of

- Starbucks card

talents. After all millenials will reportedly make -up

- Hpppy plus card (Jollibee)

75% of the global workforce.

- Petron Value Card - Resort World Indulge It shows that most of the industry uses the gamification and itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the current trend to keep their customer loyal to the product or services they offer.

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COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS A. Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

C. Financial Analysis

The total cost of ownership for gamification

Results in gamification projects can manifest in

includes the the following: cost of software

many ways. They can show up in a direct increase in

license, subscription fees, software training cost,

revenue or cost saving. Gamification in marketing,

customization cost, required hardware, and the

like in the case of Nike+ Fuel Band, increased

most important factor, the cost of maintenance and

Nikeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s revenue in North America (where the app

support.

was initially introduced). Revenue increased to $9.5B in 2012 from the $7.5B in 2011.

Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s take for example Nike+ which used gamified feedback to drive over 5 million players to beat their

Looking at gamification from an HR standpoint,

fitness goals thru the Nike+ Fuelband. The Nike+

recruitment could actually also be gamified, and

application was launched in January 2012, and

also quantify the results in terms of factors like

since then, it has developed into popular gamified

application numbers (quantity), cost-per-hire, and

sport. The popular accessory Nike+ Fuelband, a

on-the-job performance measurement of new hires

bracelet with a special technology, can monitor

(quality) to track gamification efforts. An example

user movements, track workouts, and statistics

of which is the Multipoly, a recruiting simulation

(number of calories burned) to provide feedback

introduced by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC).

to the player.

Potential candidates participate in the virtual reality world of PwC as trainees, as if working for

B. Direct and Indirect/Strategic Benefits

a year at the company (equivalent to 12 days in the game). Each potential candidate/player has

The direct benefits in this project were increased

a different mission and plays in a team of other

sales and engagement for the fitness brand.

candidates/players. The effect of the gamification

Website visits increased by 300% within 1 year

in PwC is increased number of applications and the

after the launching, and the domestic market share

candidates it has hired through Multipoly needed

also increased by at least 30% by the end of 2017.

shorter training methods and surprisingly, showed a much higher loyalty in the company.

Indirect benefits are providing the active and adventurous adults with a highly reliable fitness tool. It accurately collects data, analyzes physical activity, opportunity to challenge other participants which leads to helping their customers keep themselves fit.

Emerging Technology

ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS Gamification has been used as a marketing tool as

gamification also provides intrinsic motivation by

early as the 1930s. As the concept continuously gain

selling the idea of â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;fun experienceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; which motivates

popularity due to the introduction of smartphones

individuals to actually participate in the game.

and different technologies which provide more

Intrinsic motivation is how an individual develops

reachable gaming systems, more and more

self-desire to experience new challenges, gain new

industries such as learning and social networking

knowledge and learn new skills without allowing

have started to adapt it. However, gamification

the external environment to influence his or her

has a moral aspect to it as it involves the use of

behaviour. Ultimately, gamification uses the idea of

technology by influencing user behaviour. Because

extrinsic motivation or use of tools such as reward

of this, ethical issues and implications of using

systems or punishments to encourage users who

gamification in various industries have started to

lack intrinsic motivation to participate.

arise. Motivation in gamification is also very useful in the Ethics is defined as a moral philosophy which

aspect of learning. Nowadays, many kids can learn

explores the nature of innate value systems of a

alphabet, numbers, spelling, etc. through playing

person as a result of the personal upbringing and

games in tablets and phones. The idea of playing

cultural factors that surrounds the individual. It

games motivates them without them realizing that

is important to look into the ethical dimension of

they are actually learning. The use of gamification

gamification as the concept is mainly driven by

approach in school especially quiz bees and

how the users behave and react. Major ethical

contests enable more students to be motivated in

values and issues that can be directly associated

performing well in their academics. This concept

with gamification include motivation, manipulation,

becomes especially effective to those who are

and persuasion.

competitive in nature.

Motivation is what prompts a person to act in a

On the other hand, manipulation can be defined

certain way or develop an inclination for specific

as the act of controlling someone or something

behaviours in order to achieve a specific goal.

in order to influence their behaviour to your own

Gamification particularly appeals to an individualâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

advantage. Unlike motivation in which voluntary

point of motivation to capture his or her interests.

choices and desires of users are considered,

For example, in video games, what motivates a

manipulation uses pressure to impose and

player to continue or even to start the game are

influence the behaviour of the users and even

the incentives such as rewards and prizes that can

have them act against their own will. For example,

be earned once he or she is successful in playing

forcing people to buy a product for them to be able

the game. These elements provide extrinsic

to join a game or a marketing contest can be a

motivation to the users. On the other hand,

form of manipulation. Giving them no other option

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to be a part of the game unless a purchase is done

considered

persuasion

through

observation

limits their freedom of choice and using the game to

since users tend to be more conscious of their

manipulate their actions. Moreover, there are also

behaviours knowing that they are being observed

instances in which marketers intentionally develop

by their peers. Likewise, there are also instances

confusing and incomprehensible statements with

in which the behaviour of the users are affected

an aim to mislead and deceive users.

once they are aware of how others perform. An example would be a tracking system at work which

Persuasion is another concept which is also

rewards employees by monitoring the number of

related to manipulation. The key difference is that

clients served on a monthly basis.

persuasion allows the users to exercise their free will and change their behaviours without being

Another is the use of conditioning which revolves

forced or deceived. According to Akar Sumset in

in the idea that rewards generate motivation

his article entitled “The Surprising Relationship

thereby achieving target behaviours. Generally,

Between Gamification And Modern Persuasion”,

conditioning is used in video games which are

persuasion affects people’s attitudes, behaviors,

developed with an interface that ensures that users

intentions or beliefs but it does not necessarily

would want to keep going. Again, reward and point

require changing people’s beliefs or ideas.

systems are effective tools which engage users to

Gamification uses the concept of persuasion

these kinds of games.

through the use of various persuasive technologies such as tunnelling, self-monitoring, surveillance

Overall, various ethical implications of gamification

and conditioning.

mentioned above have posed both positive and negative effects to the users. Consequently,

Tunnelling is one of the seven tools of persuasive

there are also ethical issues that need to be

technology introduced by B. J. Fogg. This

addressed as designers especially that they have

technology is designed to guide users through a

control over the moral framework of the games.

sequence of actions which eventually leads them to

Hence, it is important to ensure that designers

go through a certain process. Tunneling is effective

are able to develop proper game frameworks and

because once the user begins; they are persuaded

methodologies to fulfil their moral responsibility to

to finish the entire process. Software installations

the users just as they benefit from them.

are common examples in which the attentions of the users are captured by the step by step process that needs to be done to successfully proceed with the installation whereas mobile applications like Foursquare requires users to open the application and check-in to get daily rewards. On the other hand, self-monitoring and surveillance allow users to monitor their own performances or other users’ performances. Surveillance is usually

Emerging Technology

NATION BUILDING IMPLICATIONS Educational Tool

Changing Behavior

Gaming principles are actually being used in

Even more importantly, gamification is also

teaching technical and complex fields of study.

being utilized to influence individual behavior to

Virtual reality and simulations are being employed

conform to desired social norms, rules and laws.

to train pilots and drivers thereby sharpening their

In Stockholm, with the use of speed cameras,

skills and better prepare them for the real thing. The

people who obey the speed limit are automatically

United States Navy Office of Naval Research and

entered into a lottery where they can potentially

other United States agencies are using MMOWGLI

win prizes. The prizes are funded through the fines

(Massively Multiplayer War Game Leveraging the

paid by over-speeding offenders. In a three-day

Internet), an online war game platform that aims

demonstration, the speed of traffic was reduced by

to “to expand engagement in military and non-

22%.

military strategy development” through various themes where players interact and collaborate to

In Taiwan, the government introduced a lottery

find solutions to complex military situations.

system where receipts and invoice numbers are drawn and participants are given the chance to obtain cash award of up to NT$10 million. This was hatched to encourage people to demand receipts and invoices from merchants leading to better reporting of sales for taxation purposes. After a year of implementation, tax revenue was reported to have increased by 75%. Gaming principles have also been used to urge people to live a healthy lifestyle. Exercise and dieting mobile apps abound, and these have been designed specifically to boost people’s morale and egg them on to perform the activities. A study conducted by Zamzee, a website which encourages kids and families to exercise, showed that its game-based system boosted the physical activity of its users by 59%. Needless to say, a healthy citizenry is a precious asset in national development.

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Increasing Engagement Gamification has also been used to encourage people to participate in feedback systems, thereby providing organizations--private or public--with valuable inputs that ultimately help them improve their services. Answering surveys and participating in policy discussions become much more appealing when they are gamified. Fostering Innovation Gaming has also been used to inspire the creation and exchange of new ideas. Idea Street, an application devised by the United Kingdomâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Department of Work and Pensions where players secure badges by suggesting and trading ideas, has significantly increased engagement and creativity within its employees. Within the first 18 months, 1,400 candidate projects were hatched by the employees, of which 63 were implemented by the Department. Innovation is certainly a catalyst for national development and gamification has been shown to help breed innovation.

Emerging Emerging Technology Technology

Conclusion

Innovation is certainly a catalyst for national development and gamification has been shown to help breed innovation. The use of gamification as a tool for nation-building is mainly founded on the idea that it has been known to be an effective instrument for education, in designing or redesigning human behavior and in increasing engagement. Essentially, nations are made up of individuals and improvements in the competencies of individuals as well as of individual behavior will go a long way in improving the state of a nation and its peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives.

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Group MEMBERS AMITA, Michelle MORALES, Camille Rose DE JESUS, Ricardo TUBOLA, Maricor JAO, Jofree YU, Kendrick Dominic MARTIZANO, Giuseppe

Emerging Emerging Technology Technology

Group 3 BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

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ABOUT Blockchain is an open, distributed database of

currency made from coded scripts that attempt

records or ledger that is shared between multiple

to replicate the currencies we use today, which

participating parties (Rosic, 2017). In blockchain,

are regulated by the government. Transactions

no database is located in just one single location.

involving

Each transaction is distributed into the network

monitored by clearing houses or banks while

with the same ledger providing a common view

transactions involving cryptocurrencies are tracked

to the entire network. (Rosic, 2017) These

by a blockchain.

government-backed

currencies

are

blockchain records are public and easily verifiable by consensus of a majority of the participants

The blockchain network of cryptocurrency is

in the system. Once information is entered, it

made up of miners, which can be individuals

is permanent and cannot be altered or erased

or groups who use highly-efficient networks of

(Iansiti & Lakhani, 2017). This allows blockchain

computers to perform complex mathematical

to provide a tamper-evident ledger. Also, since

sequences in exchange for transaction fees

blocks of information are identically stored across

or even newly created cryptocurrencies. This

its network, it cannot be controlled by one single

mechanism provides several advantages over the

entity and there is no single point of failure. (Rosic,

government-backed currencies. Transactions are

2017)

allowed between two parties rather than through an intermediary, thus the blockchain makes

Blockchain was actually the second innovation

transaction cheaper and faster. Fund raising in

coming from the realization that the underlying

cryptocurrencies are more straightforward than

technology that runs Bitcoin can be separated and

through a traditional initial public offering (IPO)

used for other functions (Gupta, 2017). Bitcoin

which helped spur the growth in initial coin offering

was the first innovation created by a person or

(ICO) market. Cryptocurrencies gained attraction

a group of people known by the pseudonym,

among people concerned about privacy such as

Satoshi Nakamoto (Rosic, 2017). Bitcoin is a form

political oppositions and those involved in black

of cryptocurrency that started as a digital currency

markets because of its pseudonymous and non-

experiment in 2009. Cryptocurrency is a digital

governmental nature.

Blockchain was actually the second innovation coming from the realization that the underlying technology that runs Bitcoin can be separated and used for other functions

Emerging Technology

Cryptocurrencies must also have security measures

techniques such as microdots, merging words with

to prevent people from altering the state of the

images, and other strategies to hide information

system and from making inconsistent statements to

in storage or transit. Today, cryptography is most

different people. Security rules of cryptocurrencies

often associated with encryption and decryption.

need to be enforced technologically without relying

Through cryptography, encoding the rules of

on a central authority by utilizing cryptography.

a cryptocurrency system in the system itself is

Cryptography

and

secured thus, preventing anyone from tampering

transmitting information in a specific form such that

and equivocation. Cryptography also provides a

only those for whom the information is intended

mechanism to encode the rules for creation of new

can read and process it. Cryptography is related

currencies into a mathematical protocol.

method

storing

to cryptology and cryptanalysis, which includes

TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY

Cryptocurrency

billion in April 2017 (Hileman and Rauch, 2017). A

Bitcoin is the first decentralized cryptocurrency

small share of this value is allocated to duplication,

which began in 2009 followed by Namecoin

while a growing share has been allotted to

in 2011. Currently, there are hundreds of

innovative cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin remains the

cryptocurrencies with market value that are used

dominant player in terms of market capitalization

in various transactions, majority of which are

but other cryptocurrencies are increasingly cutting

clones of Bitcoin. These clones simply feature

into bitcoin’s dominant market cap share. Bitcoin’s

different parameter values such as block time,

market capitalization accounted for 86% of the

currency supply, and issuance scheme. Because

total cryptocurrency market in 2015 but dropped

they show little to no innovation, they are often

to 72% in 2017. Bitcoin was followed by Ether

referred to as ‘altcoins’ such as Dogecoin and

(ETH), DASH and monero (XMR). Since Bitcoin is

Ethereum Classic 2. However, there are emerging

the dominant player in the market, it will be used

cryptocurrencies derived from Bitcoin but provide

to present some existing trends in cryptocurrency

novel and pioneering features such as introduction

activity.

of new consensus mechanisms and decentralized contract’

Transactions in Bitcoin was predominantly in US

capabilities that provide substantially different

dollars, but it has now moved to Chinese Yuan

functionality and enable nonmonetary use.

(Peters et al., 2015). This emphasizes both the

computing

platforms

with

‘smart

highly speculative investment nature of Bitcoin all

and its ability to evade currency controls. As the

than

price of Bitcoin increased, miners invested in more

threefold since early 2016 and has reached $27

hardware to increase their computational capability.

The

combined

cryptocurrencies

market has

capitalization

increased

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However, the network has increased the difficulty of the cryptographic problem exponentially for a sustained period of time, in order to keep blocks published in regular intervals. Failure in alleviating this difficulty has resulted in a decrease in Bitcoin price (Peters et al., 2015). Increase in blocksize corresponds to increase in Bitcoin transactions. Transactions involving Bitcoin ranges from 60,000 to 70,000 daily, for a total transacted volume of between â&#x201A;Ź15 and â&#x201A;Ź30 million (Peters et al., 2015). Because of the speed, cost and facilitation of cross-border payments the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) has published a call for evidence on virtual currency investment products, as well as blockchain investment applications (Peters et al., 2015). This interest of ESMA is slimmer than that of other stakeholders because it does not seek to express desirability of using virtual currency in a payment system but it focuses on collective investment schemes (CIS) and virtual currency derivatives. ESMA identified regulated European companies offering contracts for difference (CFDs) in Bitcoin and Litecoin, as well as binary options on either (Peters et al., 2015). Aside

from

rising

trend

cryptocurrency,

blockchain is also being looked in the banking industry on how it can be used to optimize processes and lowering costs at the same time. From the report released by Accenture in 2016 on blockchain technology, 90% of the executives they interviewed said their bank is currently exploring the uses of blockchain (Accenture, 2016). Though most are still in the early stages of adoption, we should expect banks using this technology in the near future.

Emerging Technology

Smart Contracts

of value in a transparent, conflict-free way while

Amir Rosic, from blockgeeks.com discusses how

avoiding the services of a middleman. The best

blockchain is great is because it is a

way to describe smart contracts is to compare the between

technology to a vending machine. Ordinarily, you

all permitted parties, thereâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s no need to pay

would go to a lawyer or a notary, pay them, and wait

intermediaries (Middlemen) and it saves you time

while you get the document. With smart contracts,

and conflict. Blockchains have their problems, but

you simply drop a bitcoin into the vending machine

they are rated, undeniably, faster, cheaper, and

(i.e. ledger), and your escrow, driverâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s license, or

more secure than traditional systems, which is why

whatever drops into your account. More so, smart

banks and governments are turning to them.

contracts not only define the rules and penalties

decentralized

system

that

exists

around an agreement in the same way that a In 1994, Nick Szabo, a legal scholar, and

traditional contract does, but also automatically

cryptographer, realized that the decentralized ledger

enforce those obligations.

could be used for smart contracts, otherwise called self-executing contracts, blockchain contracts, or digital contracts. In this format, contracts could be converted to computer code, stored and replicated on the system and supervised by the network of computers that run the blockchain. This would also result in ledger feedback such as transferring money and receiving the product or service. (Rosic, 2016) Investopedia defines Smart Contracts as selfexecuting contracts with the terms of the agreement between buyer and seller being directly written into lines of code. The code and the agreements contained therein exist across a distributed, decentralized blockchain network. Smart contracts permit trusted transactions and agreements to be carried out among disparate, anonymous parties without the need for a central authority, legal system, or external enforcement mechanism. They render transactions traceable, transparent, and irreversible. (www.investopedia.com) Rosic further explains that smart contracts help exchange money, property, shares, or anything

SY17-18

He also mentions in his article that Vitalik Buterin,

offer more scope for processing contracts.

the

Ethereum,

• NXT: NXT is a public blockchain platform

explains that in a smart contract approach, an

that contains a limited selection of templates

asset or currency is transferred into a program

for smart contracts. You have to use what is

“and the program runs this code and at some

given; you’re unable to code your own.

point it automatically validates a condition and it

• Ethereum: Ethereum is a public blockchain

automatically determines whether the asset should

platform and the most advanced for coding

go to one person or back to the other person, or

and processing smart contracts. You can code

whether it should be immediately refunded to the

whatever you wish but would have to pay for

person who sent it or some combination thereof.”

computing power with “ETH” tokens.

In the meantime, the decentralized ledger also

• As to the potential of smart contracts itself,

stores and replicates the document which gives it

there’s no end to the range of industries it can

a certain security and immutability.

impact, from healthcare to automobiles to real

22-year-old

programmer

estate and law. The list goes on and on. Says, The IT resource center, Search Compliance suggests

that

smart

contracts

may

impact

changes in certain industries, such as law. In that case, lawyers will transfer from writing traditional contracts to producing standardized smart contract templates, similar to the standardized traditional contracts that you’ll find on LegalZoom. (Rosic, 2016) Other industries such as merchant acquirers, credit companies, and accountants may also employ smart contracts for tasks, such as realtime auditing and risk assessments. Actually, the website Blockchain Technologies sees smart contracts merging into a hybrid of paper and digital content where contracts are verified via blockchain and substantiated by physical copy. Here are some examples of blockchains that can process smart contracts: • Bitcoin: Bitcoin is great for processing Bitcoin transactions, but has limited ability for processing documents. • Side Chains: This is another name for blockchains that run adjacent to Bitcoin and

Ethereum CTO, Gavin Wood (Rosic, 2016)

Emerging Emerging Technology Technology

STRENGTHS In digital networks, it is usual for data to be transmitted by copying it from one place to another. The problem in this process is its verification: how to confirm whether the information received from the network is authentic and updated. This requires to have someone to trust, hence a third party intermediary is needed to authenticate the data. However, having to resort to an intermediary is often costly and time consuming (Mattila, 2016). Since the Blockchain technology is a type of decentralized database that records transaction shared across a network of multiple participants (Ko & Verity, 2016), intermediaries to oversee transactions are unnecessary. Therefore, instead of having a centralized application logic, Blockchain transactions have their own proof of validity and authorization to enforce the constraints (Song, Shi, Xu, & Gill, 2016). Blockchain has a clever cryptography that provides a powerful ownership tool that fulfills authentication requirements. Without the intermediaries, transaction costs with Blockchain becomes cheaper. According to Bauerle, as of 2016, each transaction only costs $0.20 (2016), compared to $1.50 to $10 transaction cost to banks. Also when comparing it with our existing technology of financial transaction in the banking system, Blockchain offers a more faster route (Ko & Verity, 2016). Interbank transactions may take days or a week for clearing and final settlements especially outside of working

hours. With Blockchain 24/7 system it can reduce transaction times to minutes (Song, Shi, Xu, & Gill, 2016). Aside from it being cost effective and time efficient, with the trustless technology of Blockchain, it uses a powerful consensus mechanism with cryptoeconomic incentives to verify authenticity of a transaction in the database making unalterable public ledger (Davidson, De Filippi, & Potts, 2016). Blockchain is described as public decentralized ledger platform for Bitcoin. It provides transparency and accountability. Finally, as Blockchain records, verifies, and timestamps every action made on the network, actors may see the time and source of each action. This feature is important in tracing usage and tracking population movements. This is useful in sharing and understanding patterns and trends among transactions such as equality of usage and access among affected groups (Ko & Verity, 2016).

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OPPORTUNITIES Even with Blockchain in its infancy stage a number of professionals in different fields found uses of Blockchain other than cryptocurrency. Banking is only the start. Blockchain provides internet users the capability to create value and authenticates digital information. It created an opening for new business applications. With the decentralized, verifiable source of data, Blockchain technology made it possible to have a more transparent, efficient form of information and data management which would be very helpful for business as well as humanitarian sectors. Public Blockchain allows anyone in the network to execute the consensus protocol and maintain the shared ledger (Jayachandran, 2017). An example of a public Blockchain is Ethereum, it supports smart contracts. Smart contracts are computer protocols designed to facilitate, verify, and enforce the performance or negotiation of a contract. No one controls smart contracts, it is automated and selfexecuting. There are conditions to be met to transfer the ownership from person to person. (Ko & Verity, 2016). Ethereum-based smart contracts can also be utilized for protected data sharing. Currently, there are unreliable information and information silos between different humanitarian actors, this is cited as key barrier in humanitarian information management. For businesses, having an accurate and complete customer database is essential for decision making. Hence without an accurate and up-to-date data, it is

impossible to provide appropriate solutions. Due to blockchainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s distributed nature, it is possible to have different groups to collect and share data on the same network. It reduces cost for protected data while increasing its security with coordination and transparency. Blockchain may also be used for supply chain auditing, more and more consumers would want to check whether the companiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; claims about their products are real. Distributed ledgers provide an easy way to certify that the backstories of the things they buy are genuine. In terms of the protection of intellectual property on the other hand, Smart contracts can protect copyright and automate the sale of creative works online. It eliminates the risk of file copying and redistribution. There are whole lot more other ways to utilize the use of Blockchain. The technology has its own advantages and limitations. Users must determine first whether Blockchain technology is the right tool to use to a particular issue as some other tool may be more appropriate.

Emerging Emerging Technology Technology

WEAKNESSES According to the article featured in Applied Innovation Review (AIR), Blockchain can be used in vast array of applications aside from cryptocurrency transactions. There are also problems that can be solved using Blockchain based technology such as cost effectiveness and time efficiency of bank transactions. However, there are also risks of adopting the technology. The most important part is handling change, change is constant and there is always resistance to change. Blockchain as a promising breakthrough technology offers non-tangible trusted third parties for its transactions. Users or customers will need time to get used to the fact that their electronic transactions are safe, secured, and complete (Crosby, Pattanayak, Verma, & Kalyanaraman, 2016). Next is scaling. As a first timer, before executing the transaction, users must download the entire set of existing Blockchains and validate. It will take hours or longer depending on the number of blocks. Government regulations may also pose as risk of adopting Blockchain. Their new laws and regulations may slow down the adoption. Finally, Blockchain may be used for fraudulent activities. Given the trustless nature of the Blockchain transactions, coupled with ease of moving valuables, they can be people who might take advantage and misuse the technology for fraudulent activities like money trafficking. However, if provided with

enough regulations and support technology, this possibility can be mitigated (Crosby, Pattanayak, Verma, & Kalyanaraman, 2016). Aside from risks in adopting Blockchain technology, it also faces other challenges. Blockchain is a relatively new technology, still in its infancy stage. Users are yet to recognize its full implications and potential. Existing applications are limited and requires testing, hence, further development is necessary for its formative stage. On a different point of view, the usage of Blockchain technology requires access to the internet, as such, areas with insufficient infrastructure or capacity would not be appropriate use cases for it. In addition, since not all parts of the world have the same internet access, internet speed, infrastructure, and government support, there would be limitations on who could utilize Blockchain. Blockchain may offer significant savings in transaction costs and time but it requires high initial capital costs to implement (Song, Shi, Xu, & Gill, 2016). Unfortunately, there are still those who do not know how to operate on the internet. Using Blockchain requires a certain level of knowhow on the internet and on the aspects of Blockchain technology. More appropriate and user-friendly applications are needed for ease of use (Ko & Verity, 2016).

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THREATS So far Blockchain has proved to be invulnerable but doesn’t fully mean that it has full data protection. There are reports of hacking in Blockchain resulting in the theft of millions of dollars’ worth of cryptocurrencies. To avoid manipulation, Blockchain has to form an application layer where data security questions are dealt with first. The wide usage of Blockchain will pose a significant environmental cost. Blockchain builds on the fact that storing data is becoming cheaper, rather than storing one version of truth, all transactions are dispersed over multiple sources. However, the increase in data creation has an immense environmental cost. According to an environmental researcher, Deetman (2016), “This network of so-called bitcoin “miners” ensures the security of the system, but unfortunately also consumes a lot of electricity—currently about 350 megawatts according to my own calculations, which is roughly equivalent to the electricity demand of 280,000 American households.” He added

that if the bitcoin network continues to largely expand, it could lead to surge of electricity consumption that lies between the output of a small power plant and the consumption of a small country like Denmark by 2020. These are some of the threats faced by Blockchain, but this technology is still under development. However, looking at the opportunities and areas of expansion it may explore, the technology will positively change the world.

Emerging Technology

APPLICATIONS simplify the process, while calling off the need for

Financial

intermediaries. Payments and Remittance Transactions can occur directly between two parties

Insurance: Claims processing

on a frictionless P2P basis. The technology’s

Insurance processors have to wade through

application for overseas transactions has the

fraudulent claims, fragmented data sources, or

potential to reduce risk, transaction costs and to

abandoned policies for users to state a few – and

improve speed, efficiency and transparency.

process these forms manually. Room for error is huge. The blockchain provides a perfect system

Issuance, Ownership and Transfer of Financial

for risk-free management and transparency. Its

Instruments

encryption properties allow insurers to capture the

A blockchain-based securities market allows

ownership of assets to be insured.

traders to buy or sell stocks directly on exchanges or directly to other market participants in a P2P

Healthcare

manner without the intermediation services provide Smart Contracts

by a broker or clearinghouse.

Smart contracts would automatically pay providers Clearing and Settlement Latency

when conditions of service are established such

On the blockchain, the entire lifecycle of a trade,

as;

including its execution, clearing and settlement can

•Validation that a service was received by a

occur at trade level, lowering post-trade latency

registered Medicaid patient

and reducing counterparty exposures.

•Service was provided by a properly registered doctor & provider

Asset Management: Trade Processing and

•Neither party is on a known list of past

Settlement

participants in any fraud

Traditional

trade

management

can

processes be

within

expensive

and

asset risky,

Cost Containment

cross-border

The block chain can be filtered to identify and alert

transactions. Each party in the process, such as

about specific activity on the chain, monitoring,

broker, custodian, or the settlement manager,

using patterns, can include data that represents

keeps their own records which create significant

a doctor, consumer, drugs, procedures, all can to

inefficiencies and this can quite possibly lead

tokenized and added to the chain.

particularly

when

comes

to errors. Encryption can largely reduce the errors via a blockchain ledger. The ledger can

Building a rule base using best practices, CPT

SY17-18

codes, ICD codes, medical procedures and

happens incredibly fast.

other costs can be monitored and audited using blockchain.

This method was obviously costly and had a single point of failure.

EHR storage & security Blockchain is a security technology at its core and

Using the blockchain, they can instead use a

with the ever-present concern over the security

decentralized network of over 170,000 computers

of electronic health records, it is likely to cater to

to produce 40,000 teraflops of computing power.

this challenge first as it enters healthcare. This

This example will grab the attention of other

approach can secure medical records and audit

industries that utilize expensive supercomputers.

trails using the Blockchain.

This could even make its way into the analytical space by utilizing a broad base of data for predictive

We can do this by cryptographically encoding

analytics.

private medical data and then a digital fingerprint is formed for time-stamping and verification

Improve safety by providing a more reliable identity

purposes.

management process and reduce the stress on patient’s when communicating health information

DNA wallets

as they inherent more responsibility in their own

This concept stores genetic and medical data

care.

which is again secured via the blockchain and accessed using private keys and this will form a

Others

“DNA wallet”. This could allow healthcare providers to securely share – and possibly monetize – patient

Smart Appliances

data, helping pharmaceutical companies to tailor

A smart appliance is a device that connects to

drugs more efficiently.

the internet and gives you more information and control than before. Codes that are connected to

Anti-counterfeit drugs

your appliance can be linked to the internet and

The industry is designing blockchain in the fight

alert you when your cookies are ready. These

against counterfeit drugs. It features panels on

alerts keep your appliances in good condition, they

drug packages that can be peeled or scratched off

save you money, they are energy efficiency and

to reveal a unique verification tag.

it helps you monitor or control your devices while

This is then cross referenced with the blockchain

you are away from home. Encrypting these smart

to ensure that the pharmaceutical product is

appliances using the blockchain protects your

legitimate.

ownership and enables transferability.

Protein folding Stanford University previously relied on expensive super computers to simulate protein folding as it

Emerging Technology

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS Early stage Blockchain Valuations in comparison

an early-stage blockchain project at approximately

to traditional early-state start up Blockchain

30% rather than the 20% described above, when

project valuations, across the spectrum, have

compared to public stocks.

risen dramatically in value over the past year, and it’s not unusual to see early-stage projects raise

Security / Custodian Risk (.9x Discount) — It’s

at $100M+ valuations pre- launch. Early-stage

more likely for a token investor to lose their

blockchain projects likely warrant a valuation

holdings (due to negligence or a hack) compared

premium compared to traditional startups.

to a traditional startup investor permanently losing

Valuation Highlights:

their stock certificate. However, we believe that sophisticated security procedures, as well as

Liquidity (1.6x Premium) — The liquidity horizon

institutional level custodians that are coming to

for early-stage blockchain projects issuing tokens is

market like Coinbase, make this risk relatively

much shorter than equity in traditional companies.

minimal long-term. Nonetheless, it exists today,

Dilution (2x Premium) — When investing at the

and so we assigned a 10% discount to early- stage

pre-seed or seed stage, an investor must expect a

blockchain valuations as a result.

significant amount of dilution for successful startup Combining all of the factors above — Liquidity

investments over time.

(1.6x),

Dilution

(2x),

Investor

Rights

(.9x),

Investor Rights and Protections (.9x Discount)

Regulatory Risk (.87x), and Security Risk (.9x)

— An investor in traditional startups will often

— We believe it’s reasonable for the average

receive a number of investor protections, including

blockchain project to be valued at a 2.25x premium

information rights, preference in the capital

when compared to a traditional startup of a similar

structure, followon rights, among others.

stage.

Regulatory

Risk

(.87x

environment

surrounding

The

A $100million valuation pre-launch might be too far

projects

fetch but should be valued more than traditional

Discount)— blockchain

remains highly uncertain. It’s quite possible that

startups.

the SEC takes significant action in the months to come that makes it more difficult for blockchain

Establishing a blockchain system for any operations

projects to do ICOs, and thus achieve liquidity. If

is capital intensive. However, there are costs that

we assign a 50% probability of a significant SEC

are reduced in adopting digital currency:

action in the next year, we think it’s reasonable to assume that the liquidity timeline for blockchain

Foreign

Exchange

projects gets pushed out to 4 years rather than say

universalizes

2 years, which would imply a liquidity discount for

which is embedded in the process. Traditional

the

costs

–Digital

conversion

currency currencies

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foreign exchange costs such as cost incurring

capital

on requesting financial organizations for feeds is

value of all cryptocurrencies

reduced.

• $2.7bn – value of Bitcoin trading in Sept. 2015

Currency Hedging Costs – Forward contracts

• 475 - Bitcoin ATMS installed worldwide.

and options costs are reduced through having a

Balancing the Benefits

standard digital currency. Pros Treasury Operations – More oversight for the

• Ecosystem simplification resulting to

management on the operations in monitoring the

frictionless processing

business’ liquidity, risks, and cashflow.

• Faster interbank clearing and settlement • Lower transaction costs

Processing Errors and Losses – Through having

• Reduced counterparty risk

a simplified ecosystem, information is easier

• Transparency & auditability

to manage through less operational errors that

• Ease of software development/Integration

results to financial losses. Risk • Unproven technology

Blockchain in numbers: • $921 million – Cumulative Venture Capital

• Untested capacity/scalability

Investment

• Low transaction speed

Bitcoin

and

blockchain

companies to Oct. 2015. $ 472 million of this

• Possible consensus protocol flows

in 2015 alone.

• Cryptocurrency price volatility

• $121 million – largest cumulative funding

• Uncertain regulatory status

total – raised by Bitcoin computer developer 21Inc. • 805 – number of early stage Bitcoin and blockchain companies identified by Ventures Scanner. • 30+ – Banks and Financial Institutions known to be testing, analyzing or investing in the blockchain technologies. • 11m – no. of registered bitcoin wallets in Sept 2015- up from 6.6m in Sept.2014. • 106, 000 – Number of merchants who accept bitcoins. • $4.9bn – Bitcoin capitalization Nov.2015, Bitcoin accounts for around 90% of the

Emerging Technology

ETHICAL IMPLICATION Block chain is a technological advancement which

strong passwords or traverse the ins and

gives us an opportunity to correct errors in the

outs of the new technology. There might be

system eventually reaping the benefits. The block

instances where there can be irreversible

chain is simply one of many technologies which can

mistakes that can turn into huge problems

support us in this quest for “perfect competition”.

and make uninitiated users fodder for abuse.

There are various technologies needed and these

The potential of blockchain may facilitate an

could be used as instruments that can help us

oppressive and unbalanced society that is

tweak our system. But then again let us not allow

not limited to the potential of abuse based

this technological hype lead us to believe that we

on economic power.

can solve any problem through technology alone. Some ethical issues include the following: • Companies are allowed to conduct false advertising and injustices from the public. We assume it is acceptable because everybody else is doing it. • Potential abuse based on economic power. Certain features of blockchain systems can lead to future social inequality and erosion of usability. As we slowly adapt to the new technology, there will be more people using the network who are not as well versed in the drawbacks of the security as compared to the early technology adopters. These people can hold a privileged position in knowing how to prevent hacks, keep private keys safe, and prevent unintended and irreversible operational mistakes. But what about people around the world who might suddenly have to start using this technology as a necessary alternative to their country’s dysfunctional economy? They can be in danger simply because they might not know how to create

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NATION BUILDING IMPLICATION One nation building act that uses blockchain is the

that you have used it. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Time of use pricingâ&#x20AC;? using

United Nationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s World Food Programme (WFP).

smart meters can allow users to trade energy on

In 2016, WFP uses the technology in giving food

the system.

assistance more effectively and also making their cash based transfer faster, cheaper, and more

Realistically, he mentions that they expect this

secure. They already piloted this system in the

pricing model to slowly permeate into progressive

Azraq refugee camp in Jordan wherein more than

municipalities over the next few years and then

10,000 Syrian refugees claimed their WFP food

take off worldwide thereafter. This not only makes

assistance with the help of blockchain (World Food

energy systems more efficient, but it also gives

Programme, 2016).

users an incentive to become greener and to learn how to store energy and create surplus energy

On the academic side, researchers are exploring

stores by using other means of creating energy

blockchain applications for projects ranging from

such as solar, wind, water, etc. (Miller, 2017).

digital identity to medical and insurance records. It also aids in making information more available to the public thus allowing for information sharing and further research and learning to become easier, more efficient, cheaper, and more available to the public. Blockchain is also being used for energy efficiencies. Alex Miller, a developer at ConsenSys, talks about how the company has been in the energy game for a long time and has been working on developing a system that will revolutionize the way energy markets operate called Grid+. Grid+ is a distributed electricity provider and market with registration and payments built on the public Ethereum network. Registered customers may use the network to settle payments in real time, significantly reducing both risk and administrative costs by serving as a platform for a more efficient electricity provider. In a nutshell, it allows people to trade energy as they use it. Think incentives for storing energy and being charged only for the time

Emerging Emerging Technology Technology

Conclusion

In 2016, WFP uses the blockchain in giving food assistance more effectively and also making their cash based transfer faster, cheaper, and more secure. They already piloted this system in the Azraq refugee camp in Jordan wherein more than 10,000 Syrian refugees claimed their WFP food assistance with the help of blockchain (World Food Programme, 2016).

SY17-18 SY17-18

Group MEMBERS Kevin Cruz Cheska Descalzo Christopher Gesulga Ana Labo Krisel Marcelino Jarvin Marcelo George Padilla Herschel Reyes

Emerging Emerging Technology Technology

Group 4 5G TECHNOLOGY

SY17-18 SY17-18

ABOUT “5G” simply stands for “fifth generation” and

According to the Next Generation Mobile Network’s

refers to the next and newest mobile wireless

5G white paper, 5G connections must be based on

standard based on the IEEE 802.11ac broadband

‘user experience, system performance, enhanced

technology, although a formal parameter for 5G is

services, business models and management &

yet to be set.

operations. This will build a network that empowers the automation ofneverything. Like other cellular

We must be informed that if we speak of 5G,

networks, 5G networks use a system of cell sites

its efficiency and utility varies depending on

that divide their territory into sectors and send

applications/programs

may

encoded data through radio waves. Each cell

experience slow but responsive 5G, while others

site must be connected to a network backbone,

are fast 5G with limited coverage.

whether through a wired or wireless backhaul

being

used.

connection. With these developments, 5G brings The G in 5G means it’s a generation of wireless

three new aspects: greater speed (to move more

technology.

have

data), lower latency (to be more responsive), and

technically been defined by their data transmission

the ability to connect a lot more devices at once

speeds, each has been marked by a break in

(for sensors and smart devices).

While

most

generations

encoding methods, or “air interfaces,” which make it incompatible with the previous generation.

Emerging Technology

TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY 5G is the next step in the evolution of mobile

IoT and 5G technology together can achieve.

communication and will be a key component of the

5G IoT devices will use narrow bandwidth toâ&#x20AC;&#x2039;

Networked Society. In particular, 5G will accelerate

support thousands of things per cell or device,

the development of the Internet of Things. To

offer prolonged battery life, and provide deep

enable connectivity for a wide range of applications

coverage in challenging areas at a meager

and use cases, the capabilities of 5G wireless

cost.

access must extend far beyond those of previous generations of mobile communications. These

- VR/AR Technology and 5G

capabilities include very high achievable data

VR and AR technologies are poised to be the

rates, very low latency and ultra-high reliability.

ideal application for 5G technology due to its increased throughput, data transfer speed,

Furthermore, 5G wireless access needs to support

and efficiency. The increasing popularity of

a massive increase in traffic in an affordable and

AR and VR technologies is due to its ability to

sustainable way, implying a need for a dramatic

augment the user experience in activities such

reduction in the cost and energy consumption per

as online gaming, PlayStation, autonomous

delivered bit. 5G wireless access will be realized

driving, and AR experience with the real

by the evolution of LTE for existing spectrum in

environment.

combination with new radio access technologies that primarily target new spectrum. Key technology

- Cloud Computing and 5G

components of 5G wireless access include

The 5G technology will largely benefit the

access/backhaul

device-to-device

cloud computing industry along with various

communication, flexible duplex, flexible spectrum

as-a-service models. The evolution of 5G

usage,

technology is characterized by an exponential

integration,

multi-antenna

transmission,

ultra-lean

design, and user/control separation.

growth in traffic that can keep up with the demands of scaling possibilities in the mobile

The following are the trends in 5G Technology:

network. Extremely high transmission rates allow all infrastructure and storages to be

- IoT technology is dependent on the

shifted to the cloud. For instance, from a

interconnectedness of multiple devices on

consumer point of view this could mean

one

that you would be able to store all the high-

platform, and 5G technology provides just

quality content and 4K videos on the cloud

the right base for its success. Imagine getting

and access it later without latency and

notification form smart home cameras on your

performance issues.

phone when a package is delivered to your doorstep. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s precisely the kind of thing

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Emerging Technology

STRENGTHS - High resolution and bi-directional large bandwidth shaping. - 5G will be significantly faster than its predecessor 4G with <1ms lag time. - Higher productivity across all capable devices with a theoretical download speed of 10,000 Mbps. - Technology to gather all networks on one platform. - Most likely, will provide a huge broadcasting data (in Gigabit), which will support more than 60,000 connections. - Easily manageable with the previous generations. - Technological sound to support heterogeneous services (including private network).

OPPORTUNITIES - By 2023, there will be 1 Billion 5G devices worldwide. - 5G will move massive amounts of data between people, cameras, robots, and the cloud. - 5G + Artificial Intelligence means data will become a new form of capital which will enable technology and business models behind driverless cars, drones, smart cities, massive IoT, smart factories, and customized healthcare such as remote monitoring. - In 2020, mobile technology and services is expected to generate up to $1.6 trillion in economic output. - Potential global sales activity enabled by 5G could reach $12.3 trillion in 2035. - Economies will invest an average of $200 billion annually to 5G technology.

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WEAKNESSES - Technology is still under process and research on its viability is going on. - Many of the traditional devices would not be compatible to 5G, hence, most of them need to be replaced with new, more compatible devices or upgrades â&#x20AC;&#x201D; expensive deal. - Developing infrastructure needs high cost. - Security and privacy issue yet to be solved.

THREATS - Since 3G and 4G mobile is still in the market, it squeezes the market competition in the mobile industry once 5G is released. - There is the risk of conflicting standards, redundant options and development delays due to the diversity of interests of the involved parties in standardizing the technology. - There are three (3) improvement dimensions needed to meet the 5G infrastructure requirements namely, network capabilities, operational sustainability, and business agility. - Current networks lack operational sustainability - complexities involving the need for human resource and inflexibility of current network hardwares increases costs of running the network. - Adding new capabilities to launch new services usually require expensive proprietary solutions.

Emerging Technology

INDUSTRY APPLICATION There are ways in which 5G can help not only in

as his guide. WATSON can determine the type

profit making but also in the lives of the people.

of disease the patient may have with symptoms

The interview with IBM allowed us to see how

communicated by the doctor.

5G, together with other technologies, can help industries such as hospitals in reaching the best

Surgeries can be monitored by doctors who are

doctors for example, in conducting or supervising

not able to conduct personally. With WATSON,

crucial surgery from a patient at the other side of

certain conditions of the patient can be relayed to

the world. With IBM, they can see this through with

the doctor in real-time.

its own AI system named WATSON. Also, with the help of 5G, remote, robotic surgery What is IBM Watson?

by doctors using real-time VR (virtual reality)

IBM WATSON is a question answering computer

or AR (Augmented reality) together with Haptic

system capable of answering questions posed

Technology which recreates the sense of touch by

in natural language. IBM WATSON appeared in

applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the user.

Jeopardy against former winners and won first place. IBM has access to over 200 million pages of structured and unstructured content with 4 Terabytes of disk storage. - WIkipedia How can IBM WATSON together with 5G help in the healthcare industry? IBM’s WATSON can support better-informed, more effective patient care, health plans, wellness programs, and value dossiers by looking at a comprehensive view of the factors that influence a person’s health -including socioeconomic status, environment, social support and access to health care. In this case, with 5G connection, there can be easy access to information to a person’s health and lifestyle which can be communicated immediately to doctors, even those who are based far away. Real-time information on health check-ups can be conducted by a local doctor with WATSON

SY17-18

Smart Cities

traffic conditions or accidents in the area. People

With 5G and fully mobile, wireless network, a smart

would now know traffic conditions to avoid places

city is now possible. Data from different sources

with high saturation.

such

transportation,

government

offices,

hospitals and the weather bureau can be brought

Weather forecast information may also be available

together and can lead to good planning and higher

to everyone in real-time. This makes it easier to

response rates in real-time. Everything will come

plan schedules ahead and make risk management

from the cloud.

more successful. With 5G everything and everyone can be

the

automotive

industry

for

example,

drivers can communicate with other drivers in avoiding collisions. They can inform necessary organizations such as the MMDA in real-time on

connected.

Emerging Technology

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS The 5G value chain will invest an average of $200 billion annually to continually expand and strengthen the 5G technology in network and business application infrastructure. In turn for this global investment, the 5G value chain is estimated to generate $3.5 trillion in economic output and support 22 million jobs in 2035.

enabled by 5G technology could reach $12.3 trillion in 2035 as indicated in the following figure. Most notable economic output would be the fact that 5G could enable 6.5% of public service (government) and 6.4% of agricultural output in 2035, supported by smart city and smart agriculture deployments, respectively. Arguably one of the crucial measures of the

The Socio-Economic Impact of 5G and mobile

economic contribution of 5G is the assessment of

ecosystem in Asia Pacific

its net effect on global GDP. IHS Markit using its proprietary Global Link Model (GLM) to capture the net effect of 5G to the global economy using two factors: (1) annual investments made by value chain and (2) use case productivity improvements which captures the efficiencies and new business model launches enabled by the 5G technology which is estimated at a risk-adjusted value of $2.1 trillion â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a positive outlook of a long-term sustainable contribution to the growth of global GDP. In addition to this, IHS Markit estimates the potential

In Asia Pacific, 5G connections (excluding IoT)

global sales activity across multiple industries

are anticipated to reach 670 million across the

SY17-18

region, accounting for almost 60% of global 5G

Mobile technologies such as 5G is also essential to

connections. Of all the regions, Asia Pacific will

addressing social challenges and plays a key role

undergo the biggest shift in consumer behavior by

in tackling various social and economic challenges

2030 due to multiple forces including rising mobile

outlined by UN’s Sustainable Development Goals

internet adoption, improved affordability, and

(SDGs) which includes poverty, health, education,

burgeoning digital commerce market. Overall, total

gender equality, employment, safer cities, climate

revenues are expected to grow by 1.7% in 2017,

change, and identity.

and by an annual growth rate of 2.3% between Mobile technologies such as 5G enables access

2016 and 2020.

and development of tools and applications that help address these issues, and catalyzes innovations to build more efficient and environmentally sustainable societies. UN Sustainable Development Goals through Mobile Technology (GSMA Intelligence, 2017) 1. No Poverty. End poverty in all its forms everywhere.The World Bank found that a 10% increase in mobile penetration is associated with a 1.35% increase in GDP for developing countries. 2. Health. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all. With more than 1,200 initiatives deployed to date, mobile health initiatives are delivering health services to In 2016, mobile technology and services generated

people and places previously unreached,

5.2% of GDP in Asia Pacific, a contribution that

providing healthcare to those who need it

amounted to around $1.3 trillion of economic

most.

value. In 2020, this is expected to rise up to $1.6 trillion (5.4% of GDP) due to benefits of productivity

Education.

Ensure

inclusive

and

and efficiency through mobile services and new

equitable quality education and promote

technologies such as M2M (Machine-to-Machine).

lifelong learning opportunities for all. Mobile operators are working to help students and

supported

teachers integrate mobile technologies into

approximately 16 million jobs in 2016 and is

the classroom. Mobile also enables access

projected to increase to 7.9 million jobs, with an

to greater learning opportunities for youth in

additional 9.5 million jobs indirectly supported.

urban hubs and remote locations.

The

mobile

ecosystem

also

Emerging Technology

COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS 4. Gender Equality. Achieve gender equality

institutions at all levels.

and empower all women and girls. 200 million fewer women than men own mobile

In Asia Pacific, around 850 million people

phones in low- and middle-income countries.

(20% of the population) are estimated to be unregistered, including around 65 million

5. Sustainable Cities. Make cities and human

children under the age of five. Mobile-enabled

settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and

digital identity solutions remove the need for

sustainable. Asia Pacific is the world’s most

individuals to travel to registration centres and

disaster-stricken region, affected frequently by

can allow for much more efficient registration

hydrological (e.g. floods, droughts, typhoons)

processes, while mobile operators are able to

and geophysical (e.g. earthquakes) disasters.

utilise their extensive networks of retail and

Mobile networks and the connectivity they

distribution agents.

provide can be a lifeline for those affected by natural disasters and other humanitarian emergencies. They are vital to facilitating access

information

and

coordinating

assistance within affected populations and among governments, first responders and the international humanitarian community. 6. Climate Action. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. The mobile industry supports the development and support of IoT-facilitated environmental monitoring that enables governments and institutions to collect data critical to the management of climate change. The industry also contributes as a provider of emergency broadcasting systems that provide early warning

for

climate-related

events,

strengthening resilience to climate-related hazards and natural disasters. 7. Identity. Provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive

SY17-18

ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS The enhancement of wireless network to 5G

a big ethical question that arise here whether or

technology is presenting a myriad advantage for

not should organization share our data they are

users and business including all kind of advanced

collecting on us. We have realized that we get ads

dominant technologies that will enable the provision

from our browsers that are somewhat related to

and usage of remarkable services. As we speak of

our online shopping preference which just means

advantages, it’s important as well to look at ethical

that whenever we are connected data is being

side of things as there will be a need to implement

collected on us within our consent.

schemes for different applications to prevent misusage of this emerging technology to cause harm

Now imagine what will be the case as we start using

and protect consumers.

5G technology? User privacy is a very important ethical matter that organization and regulatory

The advancement in technology has enabled

institutions need not to neglect. Important aspects

organizations in almost every industry to datafy

that need to be looked at as we move toward the

users to certain extend by collecting data from

implementation of 5G technology to prevent harm

the use of different application mostly without the

to consumers should include a thorough analysis

consent of the users.

in the following areas:

A experiment by Fox News was conducted with 2

Data Privacy and Security

Android devices not connected to any Network, the

Health

first with no SIM placed in “Airplane mode” and the second with no SIM either but cellular enabled. The

The question will now be what are the laws

team spent their day in touring around the city and

and regulations that will be implemented to

at the end of the day returning to their office they

prevent companies and other users to utilize the

have check to know which device collected data,

advancement to harm others. The EU for example,

to their surprise that both devices did collect on

have enhanced the General Data Protection

every place they visited and shared with Google.

Regulation (GDPR) to protect and empower all

This brings up a very important point.

EU citizen’s data privacy and to reshape the way organizations across the region approach data

Nowadays, people are becoming more health

privacy.

conscious and many of us have started to use wearable devices to track activities in our daily

The is regulation requiring all companies operating

lives from heartbeat, working routing, miles

within EU zone and even those outside EU to comply

traveled and many others. With the advancement

to the regulation when dealing with a EU citizen.

of technology particularly 5G which will enable

The regulations empower the user to choose and

ultra-fast communication among devices, there is

decide whether to allow a company to collect and

Emerging Technology

store data on them or not. The violation for entails

a better decision-making and offering. The key

a €20 Million penalty. The prevailing question will

important elements that business and regulatory

be how company take the most advantages of 5G

bodies should always strive to protect freedom

technology with such strong regulation?

of users and maintain a very ethical usage and attempt to people’s morale. It should not be used

In terms of health, there is a need to look at the

to break the wall between individual private and

infrastructure requirement for 5G technology and

public life. Pressing matters such at surveillance

how it will affect human health?

should be a key discussion that lawmakers should look at as we prepare ourselves to move to 5G.

As technology emerges, organization have become data centric therefore datafying their consumer for

NATION BUILDING IMPLICATIONS

5G or Fifth Generation is positioned to address

of basic services such as health and education. It

the demands and business contexts of 2020 and

can improve the quality of life of every Filipino with

beyond. It is expected to enable a fully mobile

improved traffic and transportation condition.

and connected society and to empower socioeconomic transformations in countless ways.

JOB CREATION The Philippines is considered as one of the top

While the 5G technology is being initiated by an

Business Outsourcing countries in the world. It is

alliance of mobile and technology companies

a $150 Billion-dollar global industry and expected

around

leading

to overtake OFW remittances in the next years.

telecommunications company are also preparing

In the Philippines, business process outsourcing

to receive this technology. Both Globe and Smart/

has contributed more than $20B revenue for

PLDT are working to have this technology available

the country. With the fully mobile and connected

to Filipinos as soon as this is launched.

society promise of 5G, not only the Metro would

the

world,

the

country’s

benefit but other developing provinces as well. As soon as this technology is available already,

This would create jobs, not only in Metro Manila,

one of the questions that may be asked is “How

Metro Cebu, Metro Davao but in other areas of the

would this technology affect the Philippines and

country that are 5G enabled.

every Filipino”. In 2018, office take-up is expected to grow by Through technology and the Internet, we can

800K-850K sqms with 500K sqms for BPO

create new businesses or facilitate the delivery

requirement.

SY17-18

With a robust technology and telecommunications

NATIONAL SECURITY

infrastructure together with skilled Filipinos, we

A fully connected society would mean faster

can see a continuous growth in this industry that

response time in terms of calamities, tragedies

would provide a boost to the Philippine economy.

and threats to national security. 5G would provide the vital infrastructure and improve the

TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION

telecommunications capability of our Armed Forces

Along with job creation in other areas aside from

and National Police. With access to 5G technology,

the urbanized Metro, traffic may have an effect

fast and secured vital information can be shared

and eventually may improve. Filipinos in different

by our forces in making quick decisions to handle

parts of the country would not have to migrate to

any threats to national security. This is also true to

Metro Manila or other urban areas in the country,

our forces involved in emergency response.

but rather stay in the provinces. CONNECTED FAMILIES One of the promising advantage of 5G technology

EDUCATION connected

is the possibility of being fully and continuously

technology will spur the growth of distance

connected to families and love ones. As a

learning. Currently, distance learning has not

country with OFWs providing economic benefits,

been fully maximized in the country. Its use is

the downside of being an OFW is being away

sporadic and represents a very small segment

from their families. 5G will provide seamless

of students. A fully connected society will bring

connectivity wherever you are in the globe. This

education to the farthest and most rural areas in

means frequent communication, uninterrupted

the country. Geography will not be a disadvantage

video conferencing without the problems brought

to receive quality education and proper training

about by connectivity. Other technologies like

for the development of a Filipino. It will also allow

virtual reality, augmented reality and hologram

educational institutions to run courses and deliver

may soon improve on how one communicates with

lectures simultaneously to students from different

his family. This would be possible with a fast and

locations.

robust internet technology such as 5G.

Concerning

education,

this

fully

HEALTHCARE In healthcare, physical boundaries should not hamper any medical opportunities that every Filipino

should

receive.

However,

Robotics

tele-surgery, remote surgery and even remote consultation to medical specialists are still not very well accepted in our country. This can be attributed to the limitation to accessibility of a fast, reliable and robust internet connection. With 5Gâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s improved latency and fast connection, all the advances in the field of medicine can become into reality.

Emerging Emerging Technology Technology

Conclusion

5G or Fifth Generation is positioned to address the demands and business contexts of 2020 and beyond. While the 5G technology is being initiated by an alliance of mobile and technology companies around the world, the countryâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading telecommunications company are also preparing to receive this technology. Both Globe and Smart/PLDT are working to have this technology available to Filipinos as soon as this is launched.

SY17-18 SY17-18

Group MEMBERS ALDRICH KEVIN CHIONG CHARLES CO NADJA EDUARTE JUN GALVEZ CARMELA HAMOY GLENDON ORTIZ UZZAN TSHIBAND JR.

GROUP 1 REFERENCES Eisenberg, A. “VR Environment: What Is It and

https://www.orangemantra.com/blog/the-benefits-

How Does It Work?“ Retrieved from https://

of-vr-and-ar-apps-for-the-business/

appreal-vr.com/blog/virtual-reality-environmentwhat-is-it-and-how-it-works/

Virtual reality and your product development process. Retrieved from

Levski, Y. “VR Marketing: The Marketing

https://www.mindtheproduct.com/2016/11/virtual-

Industry’s Next Big Thing?“ Retrieved from https://

reality-and-your-product-development-process/

appreal-vr.com/blog/virtual-reality-marketingtrends/

Architectural, Engineering, Construction (AEC) Design. Retrieved from

Strickland, J. “How Virtual Reality Works“

https://www.mechdyne.com/architectural-

Retrieved from https://electronics.howstuffworks.

engineering-amp-construction-design.aspx

com/gadgets/other-gadgets/virtual-reality.htm Virtual Reality Society. Retrieved from https://

Virtual Reality and Scientific Visualisation.

www.vrs.org.uk/

Retrieved from https://www.vrs.org.uk/virtualreality-applications/scientific-visualisation.html

Oleksiy, Kuryliak (2017, November 17) 6 Virtual Reality Trends to look forward to 2018. Retrieved from https://e27.co/6-virtual-reality-trends-lookforward-2018-20171120/ Walsh, Kenneth (2002, March) Virtual Reality: A Technology in Need of IS Research. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent. cgi?article=2785&context=cais Reality Technologies (2016) The Ultimate Guide to Virtual Reality (VR) Technology. Retrieved from http://www.realitytechnologies.com/virtual-reality How much does VR application development cost? Retrieved from https://thinkmobiles.com/blog/how-much-vrapplication-development-cost/ The Benefits of VR and AR Apps for the Business. Retrieved from

SY17-18

GROUP 2 REFERENCES Rapp, A. (2014, July 19-23). A SWOT Analysis

February 14, 2018 from http://govtech.com.

of the Gamification Practices: Challenges, Open Issues and Future Perspectives. Retrieved from

Lawrenson, A. (2013, January 7). Britain’s

https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Amon_Rapp/

Largest Public Agency Links Innovation with Lean

publication/271643615_A_SWOT_Analysis_

Practices and Saves Millions. [Web log post].

of_the_Gamification_Practices_Challenges_

Retrieved from http://managementexchange.com.

Open_Issues_and_Future_Perspectives/ links/55de401108ae79830bb5874d/A-SWOT-

Coppens, A. (2018, January 3). Gamification

Analysis-of-the-Gamification-Practices-

Trends for 2018. Retrieved on February 15, 2018

Challenges-Open-Issues-and-Future-

from https://gamificationnation.com/gamification-

Perspectives.pdf

trends-2018/

Chou, Y. (n.d). Gamification, Manipulation, and

Herger, M. (2011, October 24). Gamification facts

Ethics. Retrieved from http://yukaichou.com/

and figures. Retrieved from http://enterprise-

gamification-study/gamification-manipulation-

gamification.com/index.php?option=com_content

ethics/

&view=article&id=41&Itemid=26&lang=en

Cherry, K. (2018, February 9). Extrinsic vs.

Chou,Y, (2017, January 12). Top 10 Marketing

Intrinsic Motivation: What’s the Difference?

Gamification Cases You Won’t Forget. Retrieved

Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/

from http://yukaichou.com/gamification-

differences-between-extrinsic-and-intrinsic-

examples/top-10-marketing-gamification-cases-

motivation-2795384

remember/

Sumset, A. (2017, August 3). The Surprising

Chou,Y, (2017, January 23). A comprehensive

Relationship Between Gamification And Modern

list of 90+ Gamification Cases with ROI Stats.

Persuasion. Retrieved from https://www.

Retrieved from http://yukaichou.com/gamification-

smashingmagazine.com/2017/08/relationship-

examples/gamification-stats-figures/

gamification-modern-persuasion/ PwC Multipoly Next 2016 YouTubehttps://www. Cushman-Roisin, B. (2017). Persuasive

youtube.com/watch?v=XnbSQwoIUuc&feature=y

Technology [5,9-10]. Retrieved from http://

outu.be

click4it.org/images/4/4b/On_Gamification_and_ Persuasion_Enric_Llagostera.pdf Wood, C. (2013, August 28). Gamification: Governments Use Gaming Principles to Get Citizens Involved. [Web log post]. Retrieved on

GROUP 3 REFERENCES Bauerle, N. (2016). What are Blockchainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Issues

of Energy Markets. Retrieved February 16, 2018

and Limitations? Retrieved from Coindesk: https://

from https://blog.gridplus.io/gridx-the-future-of-

www.coindesk.com/information/blockchains-

energy-markets-da104c285363.

issues-limitations/ Rosic, Amir. (2017). Smart Contracts: The Crosby, M., Pattanayak, P., Verma, S.,

Blockchain Technology that will replace Lawyers.

& Kalyanaraman, V. (2016). BlockChain

Retrieved on February 17, 2018 from https://

Technology: Beyond Bitcoin. AIR: Applied

blockgeeks.com/guides/smart-contracts/.

Innovation Review Issue No. 2, 16-17. Song, W., Shi, S., Xu, V., & Gill, G. Davidson, S., De Filippi, P., & Potts, J. (2016,

(2016, November 21). ADVANTAGES &

March 9). Economics of Blockchain. Retrieved

DISADVANTAGES OF BLOCKCHAIN

from SSRN: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.

TECHNOLOGY. Retrieved from Blockchain

cfm?abstract_id=2744751

Technology: https:// blockchaintechnologycom. wordpress.com/2016/11/21/advantages-

Deetman, S. (2016, March 29). Bitcoin Could

disadvantages/

Consume as Much Electricity as Denmark by 2020. Retrieved from Motherboard: https://

20 Smart Contracts Definition | Investopedia

motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/aek3za/

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/smart-

bitcoin- could-consume-as-much-electricity-as-

contracts.asp#ixzz57K8Dtimz

denmark-by-2020 Jayachandran, P. (2017, May 31). Blockchain Unleashed: IBM Blockchain Blog. Retrieved from IBM: https://www.ibm.com/blogs/ blockchain/2017/05/the-difference-betweenpublic-and-private- blockchain/ Ko, V., & Verity, A. (2016, November). Blockchain for the Humanitarian Sector: Future Opportunities. Retrieved from Digital Humanitarian Sector: www. digitalhumanitarians.com Mattila, J. (2016, May 10). The Blockchain Phenomenon: The Disruptive Potential of Distributed Concensus Architectures. ETLA Working Papers No. 38, pp. 4-6. Miller, Alex. (2017, May 18). Grid+1. The Future

SY17-18

GROUP 4 REFERENCES Everything You Need to Know About 5G:

Flanagan, B. Morelli, B. O’Neil, F. Sideco; IHS

https://www.techworld.com/apps-wearables/

Economics & IHS Technology; 2017 White Paper;

what-is-5g-everything-you-need-know-about5g-3634921/

The Mobile Economy Asia Pacific 2017; GSM Alliance; 2017 GDPR FAQs: h ttps://www.eugdpr.

What is 5G:

org/gdpr-faqs.html

http://sea.pcmag.com/cell-phone-serviceproviders-products/15385/feature/what-is-5g

What is 5G Ethics: h ttp://whatis5g.info/ethics/

Nokia on 5G:https://networks.nokia.com/5g

Emerging Technologies Ethics & Morality: https://beta.philstar.com/

Semantic Scholar:

opinion/2017/05/06/1691499/emerging-

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cd78/2e6d45e3a

technologies-ethics-and-morality

a6166754e1d3a71221c8e4057e1.pdf BBC Future Story:http://www.bbc.com/future/ 5G Technology Communication Trends:

story/

https://www.infinitiresearch.com/thoughts/5gtechnology-communication-trends

Challenges in Education:http://www. savethechildren.org.ph/our-work/the-challenges/

5G Advantages & Disadvantages:

education 5G:http://www.lteto5g.com/5g/

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/5g/5g_ advantages_disadvantages.htm

PLDT Partnership with Huawei: https://smart.com.ph/About/newsroom/full-

4G Wireless Technology, MIT: h ttp://slideplayer.

news/2017/02/15/pldt-smart-seal-5g-partnership-

com/slide/10860855/ IBM Watson Computer:

with-huawei

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson_(computer) Economic loss on traffic jam: IBM Watson Value Based Care:

http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/

https://www.ibm.com/watson/health/value-based-

economy/547564/phl-economy-is-losing-big-time-

care/enable-effective-care/

on-traffic-jam/ story/

Haptic Technology:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Websiteon Digital Trends:https://www.

Haptic_technology

digitaltrends.com

5G White Paper; 5G Initiative Team; Next

Website on IoT:http://iotworm.com/internet-of-

Generation Mobile Networks Alliance; 2015 White

things-will-change-transportation/

Paper; The 5G Technology: Economic Impact Analysis; K. Campbell, J. Diffley, B.

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