Gate Architecture and Planning (1991-2020) Study Material by Gate architecture

Gate Architecture and Planning

Disclaimer This book is a copyright of Yash Kotgirwar and Zakkaullah Bader and licensed to student for his personal preparation. Do not photocopy, sell or share this book with friends or juniors. It is piracy and punishable under Copyright Act of India. The fine can be up to 500 times the cost of book

Highlights of the book             

Comprehensive material for GATE and other Architecture/Planning related competitive exam Elaborated question bank covering past 29 years solved gate papers 2000+ questions with detailed solutions Detailed answers for easy understanding Maximum coverage/Explanation/Illustrations as per latest syllabus 500 + pictures of Architects with their respective works Pritzker prize winners list with photographs Plant names with their photographs with botanical name Extra study material related to every section of gate syllabus Illustration through Colorful photographs for easy understanding and better recall during exams Thoroughly revised and updated Concise and crisp content Systematic uproach covering complete spectrum of the discipline at all levels

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Annexure - B

Contents Gate Syllabus 2020 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING – AR 2019 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING – AR 2018 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING – AR 2017 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING – AR 2016 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING – AR 2015 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING – AR 2014 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING – AR 2013 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING – AR 2012 ARCHITECTURE & PLA NNING – AR 2011 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING – AR 2010 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING -AR 2009 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 2008 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING -AR 2007 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING -AR 2006 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 2005 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 2004 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 2003 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 2002 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 2001 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 2000 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 1999 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 2 This book is a copyright of Yash Kotgirwar and Zakkaullah Bader and licensed to student for personal GATE preparation.

Annexure - B 1998 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 1997 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 1996 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 1995 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 1994 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 1992 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR 1991 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING-AR Annexure A: Important Conversions Annexure B: ARCHITECTS and their Works Annexure C: Landscape Plants and their Botanical Names Annexure D: PRITZKER-Architecture Prize Annexure E: BOOKS AND their authors Annexure F: STUDY MATERIAL-Section wise as per GATE Section:1 - Architecture & Design Section:2 - Building Materials, Construction & Management Section:3 - Building & Structures Section:4 - Environmental Planning & Design Section:5 - Urban Design Section:6 - Urban Planning & Housing Section:7 - Planning Techniques & Management Section:8 - Services, Infrastructure & Transportation

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020

GATE SYLLABUS Architecture & Design Principles of Art and Architecture, Visual composition in 2D & 3D, Organization of space, Computer Graphics, Architectural Graphics, Programming languages and automation. Planning and design considerations for different building types, Anthropometrics, Site planning, Barrier-free design, Circulation- horizontal and vertical, Space Standards, National Building Code and Building Codes. Elements, architectural styles, construction and examples of different periods of Indian & Western History of Architecture, Vernacular, Oriental and Traditional architecture, Architectural developments since Industrial Revolution; Art nouveau, Eclecticism, International styles, Influence of modern art on architecture, Post Modernism, Recent trends in Contemporary Architecture, Deconstruction in architecture, Works of renowned national & international architects.

Building Materials, Construction & Management Behavioural applications and characteristics of various building materials viz. Mud, bamboo, timber, brick, concrete, glass, steel, FRP, different polymers, AAC and composites. Building systems and prefabrication of building elements, Building construction techniques, methods and details, Principles of Modular Coordination, Estimation, valuation, specification, professional practice, Project management techniques, Construction planning and equipment e.g.CPM, PERT etc.

Building & Structures Elastic and Limit State design, Principles of the strength of materials, Design of structural elements in steel, wood and RCC, Structural systems in RCC and Steel, Principles and design of disaster resistant structures, Form and Structure, Principles of Pre-stressing, gravity & lateral load resisting systems, High Rise & Long Span structures.

Environmental Planning & Design Ecological principles, Concepts of Environmental Impact Analysis, Ecosystem- natural and man-made ecosystem, Environmental considerations in planning and design, Principles of architectural acoustics; Green Building- Concepts & Rating, ECBC, Principles of lighting and illumination, Climate responsive design, Thermal comfort, ventilation & air movement Solar architecture, Environmental pollution- types, causes, controls and abatement strategies, Building Performance Simulation and Evaluation, Ecosystem- natural and man-made ecosystem, Concepts of Environmental Impact Analysis, Ecological principles, Environmental considerations in planning & design, Principles of lighting and illumination, Thermal comfort, ventilation and air movement, Climate responsive design, Principles of architectural acoustics, Solar architecture, Building Performance Simulation and Evaluation, Green Building- Concepts and Rating, Environmental pollution- causes, types, controls & abatement strategies.

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020

Urban Design Public Perception, Concepts and theories of urban design, Townscape, Urban design interventions for sustainable development and transportation, Public Realm, Historical and modern examples of urban design, Elements of urban built environment - urban form, structure, spaces, pattern, texture, fabric, grain etc, Site planning; Landscape design; Development controls â&#x20AC;&#x201C; FAR, densities and building byelaws, Public spaces, spatial qualities, character and Sense of Place, Principles, tools & techniques of urban design, Urban renewal & conservation.

Urban Planning & Housing Housing, principles, concepts and examples of the neighbourhood, Affordable Housing, Housing for special areas and needs, Housing typologies, Slums, Residential densities, National Housing Policies, Standards for housing and community facilities, Programs & Schemes. Types of plans - City Development Plan, Master Plan, Structure Plan, Action Area Plan, Zonal Plan, Town Planning Scheme, Planning process, Regional Plan, Salient concepts, principles of urban planning and theories, Emerging concepts of cities - Smart City, Eco-City, SEZ, Transit Oriented Development (TOD), SRZ etc. Sustainable urban development

Planning Techniques & Management Decision support system and Land Information System., Graphic presentation of spatial data, Tools and techniques of Surveys - Topographical, Physical, Land use and Socioeconomic Surveys, Methods of nonspatial & spatial data analysis, Application of G.I.S & Remote Sensing techniques in urban and regional planning; Social, environmental cost-benefit analysis and Economical, Urban Economics, Law of demand and supply of land and its use in planning, Management of Infrastructure Projects, Techniques of financial appraisal, Development guidelines such as URDPFI, Planning Legislation and implementation - Local selfgovernance, Land Acquisition Act, PPP etc.

Services, Infrastructure & Transportation Urban Infrastructure â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Water Supply, Transportation, Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage, Electricity & Communications. Building Services: Sewerage and drainage systems, Water supply, Sanitary fittings and fixtures, Principles of internal and external drainage system, Plumbing systems, Principles of electrification of buildings, Elevators and Escalators - standards and uses, Intelligent Buildings, airconditioning systems, Building Safety & Security systems and Firefighting Systems. Water treatment, Principles of water supply and sanitation systems, Water supply and distribution system, Sewage disposal methods, Water harvesting systems, Planning, Principles and Design of stormwater drainage system, Recycling and Reuse of solid waste, Methods of solid waste management - transportation, collection and disposal, Power Supply and Communication Systems, design, network and guidelines. Road capacity, Process and Principles of Transportation Planning and Traffic Engineering, Traffic survey methods, Traffic analyses and design considerations, Traffic flow characteristics, Travel demand forecasting, Land - transportation, urban form inter-relationships, intersections, Design of roads, grade separators and parking areas, Traffic & transport management and control in urban areas, Mass transportation planning, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Hierarchy of roads and level of service, Pedestrian and slow-moving traffic planning and Paratransit and other modes of transportation. 5 This book is a copyright of Yash Kotgirwar and Zakkaullah Bader and licensed to student for personal GATE preparation.

Gate Architecture and Planning-2020

2020 ARCHITECTURE & PLANNING â&#x20AC;&#x201C; AR Q. 1 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Q. 5 carry one mark each. Q1. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award was conferred Mary Kom, a six-time world champion in boxing, recently in a ceremony the Rashtrapati Bhawan (the President's official residence) in New Delhi. (A) with, at (B) on, in Answer (C)

Q2. Despite a string of poor performances, the chances of K. L. Rahul's selection in the team are (A) slim (B) bright Answer (B)

Q3. Select the word that fits the analogy: Cover: Uncover: Associate: (A) Unassociate (B) Inassociate Answer (D)

Q4. Hit by floods, the kharif (summer sown) crops in various parts of the country have been affected. Officials believe that the loss in production of the kharif crops can be recovered in the output of the rabi (winter sown) crops so that the country can achieve its food-grain production target of 291 million tons in the crop year 2019-20 (July-June). They are hopeful that good rains in July-August will help the soil retain moisture for a longer period, helping winter sown crops such as wheat and pulses during the NovemberFebruary period. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the given passage? (A) Officials declared that the food-grain production target will be met due to good rains. (B) Officials want the food-grain production target to be met by the November-February period. (C) Officials feel that the food-grain production target cannot be met due to floods. (D) Officials hope that the food-grain production target will be met due to a good rabi Answer (D) Q5. The difference between the sum of the first 2n natural numbers and the sum of the first n odd natural numbers is (C) 2đ?&#x2018; (D) 2đ?&#x2018;

(A)đ?&#x2018; đ?&#x2018; đ?&#x2018; (B) đ?&#x2018; Answer (B)

đ?&#x2018; đ?&#x2018;

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020

Q. 6 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Q. 10 carry two mark each. Q6. Repo rate 1s the rate at which Reserve Bank of India (RBI) lends commercial banks, and reverse repo rate is the rate at which RBI borrows money from commercial banks. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the above passage? (A) Decrease in repo rate will increase cost of borrowing and decrease lending by commercial banks. (B) Increase in repo rate will decrease cost of borrowing and increase lending by commercial banks. (C) Increase in repo rate will decrease cost of borrowing and decrease lending by commercial banks. (D) Decrease in repo rate will decrease cost of borrowing and increase lending by commercial banks. Answer (D) Q7 P, Q, R.S.T, U, V. and We are seated around a circular table. I. Sis seated opposite to W. II. U is seated at the second place to the right of R.

Ill. T 1s seated at the third place to the left of R. IV. V is a neighbour of S.

Which of the following must be true? (A) P is a neighbour of R. (B) Q is a neighbour of R. Answer (C)

Q8. The distance between Delhi and Agra is 233 km. A car P started travelling from Delhi to Agra and another car Q started from Agra to Delhi along the same road hour after the car P started. The two cars crossed each other 75 minutes after the car Q started. Both cars weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re travelling at constant speed. The speed of car P was 10 km/hr more than the speed of car QO. How many kilometres the car Q had travelled when the cars crossed each other? (A) 66.6 (B) 75.2 Answer (B)

Q9. Fora matrix M = [mij]; i,j = 1,2,3,4, the diagonal elements are all zero and mij = - mij The minimum number of elements required to fully specify the matrix is, (A) 0 (B) 6 Answer (B)

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q10. The profit shares of two companies P and Q are shown in the figure. If the two companies have invested a fixed and equal amount every year, then the ratio of the total revenue of company P to the total revenue of company Q, during 2013 - 2018 is

(A) 15:17 (B) 16:17 Answer (B)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020

Q. 1 – Q.25 carry one mark each. Q1. In the architectural style of ancient North Indian Temples, the term ‘Adhisthana’ refers to (A) Pinnacle (B) Base Platform Answer (B) Arata Isozaki-2019, I.M. Pie-1983, B.V Doshi-2018

Q2. Who among the following architects has NOT won the Pritzker Architecture Prize? till 2019? (A) Arata Isozaki (B) 1. M. Pei Answer (A or D)

Q3. The stone used in the construction of Kailasa temple at Ellora is (A) Limestone (B) Marble Answer (D)

Q4. four vertical lines having same thickness appear to be of the same height to perspective as shown in the figure. Which line actually has the maximum height?

(A)1 (B) 2 Answer (B)

Q5. As per URDPII Guidelines 2015. Government of India. choose the correct hierarchy of plans from higher to lower order. (A) Perspective plan. Development plan. Regional plan, Zonal plan (B) Perspective plan. Regional plan. Development plan. Zonal plan (C) Regional plan. Perspective plan. Development plan. Zonal plan (D) Zonal plan. Development plan, Regional plan. Perspective plan Answer (B)

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q6. Which of the following shapes can be used as an interlocking paver block without adding any other shape?

(A) l (B) 2 Answer (C)

Q7. In India, the Constitution (Seventy Fourth Amendment) Act. 1992. Delegates powers to institutions forming the third tier of government. which are (A) Municipal Corporation, Municipality and Nagar Panchayat (B) Development Authority, Municipal Corporation and Municipality (C) Improvement Trust, Nagar Panchayat and Panchayat (D) Development Authority, Improvement Trust and Panchayat Answer (A) The constitution74th Amendment Act 1992, relating to Municipalities (Urban local Government) was passed by the parliament in1992. The Act seeks to provide a common framework for the structure and mandate of urban local bodies to enable them to function as effective democratic units of local Self Government. Q8. As on 2018, ‘Right to Property’ in India is a (A) Fundamental Right (C) Constitutional Right (B) Secondary Right (D) Tertiary Right Answer (C) Right to Property ceased to be a fundamental right with the 44th Constitution Amendment in 1978.It was made a Constitutional right under Article 300A requires the state to follow due procedure and authority of law to deprive a person of his or her private property. Q9. ‘Tendon’ is primarily used (A) as a compression member (B) to pre-stress concrete Answer (B)

Q10. Emergency preparedness for risk reduction does NOT include (A) rescue (B) relief distribution Answer (D)

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q11. If Beam: Column: Transom: X, which of the following options can replace â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Xâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;? (A) Balustrade (B) Sill Answer (C)

Q12. The correct chronological order of the given architectural movements is (A) Romanesque; Roman; Baroque; Gothic; Renaissance (B) Romanesque; Roman; Renaissance; Gothic; Baroque (C) Roman; Romanesque; Gothic; Renaissance; Baroque (D) Roman; Romanesque; Gothic; Baroque; Renaissance Answer (C) Refer the Gate Study Material for the chronology of architectural movements Q13. The decay of sound in a large room is indicated in the following figure. The spike within the dashed zone denotes

(A) Flutter echo (C) Echo (B) Perfect sound diffusion (D) Early reflection Answer (C) Explanation: Echo: An echo is a repetition or imitation of sound. When sound waves hit a hard surface they might reflect, making the sound bounce and repeat which is known as echo. Flutter Echo: The term flutter echo characterizes a special case of an echo that often occurs between two parallel surfaces consisting of weakly sound-absorbing material, placed in a certain distance from one another. Flutter echoes can be viewed as a one- dimensional spatial oscillation of sound energy with decreasing amplitude due to the conversion into thermal energy (friction loss) at absorbing surfaces and the air absorption between them.

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q14. For the same thickness of material layers, relative position of insulation in the wall sections 1 and 2 shown below will have an impact on

(A) Thermal Time Constant (C) Thermal Resistivity (B) Thermal Conductivity (D) Thermal Transmittance Answer (A) Conductivity, Transmittivity and Resistivity are constant for every material. The time constant changes as per the composition /layering of the wall Q15. The solar altitude angle on April 16 at 7:00 AM in Kochi is 16Â°. The same solar altitude angle will occur at the same time in the same year at the same location on (A) July 21 (B) August 27 Answer (B)

Q16. In a perspective drawing, the Picture Plane is in between the Object and the Observer. If the observer comes closer straight towards the Picture Plane, without changing the distance between Object and Picture Plane, the perspective image will be (A) Bigger than the previous image (B) Smaller than the previous image Answer (B)

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q17. Shyam-Rai temple of Bishnupur in West Bengal, is an example of (A) Nava-Ratna type terracotta temple (B) Stone carved Nagara type temple Answer (C)

Q18. Which one of the following is NOT a land use zone? (A) Industrial Zone (C) Heritage Zone (B) Agriculture Zone (D) Commercial Zone Answer (C) As per UDPFi guidelines the land use zones are Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Public & Semi-Public, Transport and Communication and Agriculture & Water Bodies Q19. â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Formulation of GIS based master planâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; is a sub-scheme of (A) Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban (C) Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Transformation Mission (B) Smart Cities Mission (D) Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission Answer (A) National Smart Cities Mission is an urban renewal and retrofitting program by the Government of India with the mission to develop smart cities across the country, making them citizen friendly and sustainable Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation was launched by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi in June 2015 with the focus to establish infrastructure that could ensure adequate robust sewage networks and water supply for urban transformation by implementing urban revival projects Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission was a massive city-modernisation scheme launched by the Government of India under Ministry of Urban Development. It envisaged a total investment of over $20 billion over seven years. It is named after Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India. Shayama Prasad Mukherjee Rurban Mission follows the vision of "Development of a cluster of villages that preserve and nurture the essence of rural community life with focus on equity and inclusiveness without compromising with the facilities perceived to be essentially urban in nature, thus creating a cluster of "Rurban Villages". Q20. One hectare is equal to (A) 4000 m2 (B) 4048 m2 Answer (D) 1 hectare= 10000 m2, 1 acre= 4047 m2

Q21. One of the sites added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2019 is (A) Walled City, Ahmedabad (B) Walled City, Jaipur Answer (B)

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q22. In the given contour map, the angle at A (in degrees. rounded off to two decimals Places) is_________________.

Answer 18.2 to 18.5 Slope at point A is; tan θ = rise/run = 10/30 So, angle at A is θ = tan-1 (1/3) = 18.43 degrees Q23. A 1.2 m high window is located on a south facing wall. The solar azimuth angle is equal to the wall azimuth angle and the solar altitude angle is 60°. The minimum depth (in metres, rounded off to two decimal places) of overhang required to completely shade the window is_________ (Assume that the overhang is located at the lintel level of the window) Answer 0.68 to 0.70 Tan 60° = 1.2/s = √3 Shading depth, s = 1.2/1.732 = 0.6928 meter Q24. In the given figure. the area of the shaded portion is

Answer 8.0 to 8.0 Q25. Average density of a highway is 25 vehicles per km. Average volume of the vehicles on the highway is 520 vehicles per hour. The mean speed (in km/hour, rounded off to one decimal place) is____________. Answer 20.8 to 10.8 Mean Speed=Volume of highway/Average density of highway

Q. 26 – Q.55 carry one mark each Q26. Match the terminologies in Munsell Colour wheel in Group -I with their corresponding features in Group-II Group I

Group II

P. Hue Q. Chroma R. Value S. Tint

1. Addition of black to the base colour 2. Radial colour variation 3. Addition of white to the base colour 4. Colour variation through angular difference 5. Vertical colour variation 14

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 (A) P-2, Q-4, R-5, S-1 (C) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1 (B) P-4, Q-2. R-5, S-3 (D) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3 Answer (B) Hue- the degree to which a stimulus can be described as similar to or different from stimuli that are described as red, green, blue, and yellow Chroma- degree of vividness of a colour, or how pure it is Value- refers to the lightness or darkness of the hue Tint- mixture of pure colours with only White added. Q27. Match the plant forms in Group –I with their botanical names in Group-II as per “A Handbook of Landscape’, CPWD 2013, Government of India Group I

Group II

P. Columnar Q. Globular R. Weeping S. Pyramidal

1. Pinus roxburghii 2. Ipomoea grandiflora 3. Juniperus chinensis 4. Salix babylonica 5. Mimusops elengi

(A) P-1., Q-5, R-2, S-3 (B) P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1 Answer (C) Pinus roxburghii - Chir Pine - Pyramidal

Salix babylonica-Weeping Willow-Weeping

Mimusops elengi-Spanish Cherry-Globular

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q28. Match the images of garden in Group â&#x20AC;&#x201C;I with their names in Group-II Group I Group II P.

1. Central Park, New York

2. Versailles, Paris

3. Nishant Bagh, Srinagar

4. Kastura Imperial Garden, Kyoto

5. Alhambra Moorish Garden, Granada (A) P-5., Q-3, R-1, S-4 (B) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2 Answer (B)

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q29 Match Architects in Group â&#x20AC;&#x201C;I with their projects in Group-II Group I

Group II

P. Victor Horta Q. Gerrit Rietvelt R. Mies van der Rohe S. Frank Lloyd Wright

1. Farnsworth House 2. Robie House 3. Tassel House 4. Schroder House 5. Vanna Ventury House

(A) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2 (B) P-2, Q-5, R-4, S-1 Answer (A) Robbie House- F.L. Wright

Schroder House- Gerrit Rietvelt

Tassel House â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Victor Horta

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q30. Match the graphical representation in Group â&#x20AC;&#x201C;I with corresponding elements in Group-II Group I

Group II

1. Pathway

2. Node

3. District

4. Edge

5. Landmark (A) P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-5 (B) P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2 Answer (D)

Q31. Based on the psychrometric chart given below, match the vector in Group I with the respective process in Group II

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020

Group I

Group II

P. V1 Q. V2 R. V3 S. V4

1. Heating and humidification 2. Cooling and humidification 3. Heating and dehumidification 4. Sensible heating 5. Humidification

(A) P-4, Q-1, R-5, S-2 (B) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-5 Answer (A)

Q32. Match the software tools in Group â&#x20AC;&#x201C;I with their primary applications in Group-II Group I

Group II

P. ETabs Q. Carto R. eQuest S. SPSS

1. Acoustic analysis 2. Structural analysis 3. Statistical analysis 4. Energy simulation 5. Geo-spatial analysis

(A) P-2, Q-5, R-4, S-3 (B) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3 Answer (A)

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q33. Match the graphical representation in Group â&#x20AC;&#x201C;I with corresponding elements in Group-II Group I

Group II

P. Cylindrical shell

Q. Dome

R. Conoid

S. Hyperbolic paraboloid

(A) P-2, Q-4, R-5, S-1 (B) P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-5 Answer (A)

Q34. Match the books in Group â&#x20AC;&#x201C;I with their corresponding authors in Group-II Group I

Group II

P. The Autobiography of an Idea Q. Letters to a Young Architect R. A Pattern Language S. Architecture: Forms, Space and Order

1. Christopher Charles Benninger 2. Sunil Khilnani 3. Francis D. K. Ching 4. Louis H. Sullivan 5. Christopher Alexander

(A) P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4 (B) P-4, Q-1, R-5, S-3 Answer (B)

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q35. Match the names of tactile paving in Group â&#x20AC;&#x201C;I with their patterns in Group-II Group I

Group II

P. Lozenge

Q. Offset blister

R. Corduroy

S. Directional

. (A) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1 (B) P-3, Q-5, R-4, S-1 Answer (C)

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q36. Match the name of architects in Group â&#x20AC;&#x201C;I with their buildings designed by them in Group-II Group I

Group II

P. Brinda Somaya Q. Sheila Sai Prakash R. Revathy Kamath S. Marina Tabassum

1. Museum of Tribal Heritage, Bhopal 2. St. Thomas Cathedral, Mumbai 3. Bait-uf-Rauf Mosque, Dhaka 4. Indian Naval Academy, Kerala 5. Cholamandal Artistsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Village, Chennai

(A) P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2 (B) P-2, Q-5, R-1, S-3 Answer (B) Brinda Somaya-St. Thomas Cathedral, Mumbai

Revathi Kamath-Tribal Museum, Bhopal

(C)P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-5 (D) P-4, Q-5, R-1, S-3 Sheila Sai Prakash-Cholamandal Artist Village

Marina Tabassum-Bait-uf-Rauf Mosque,Dhaka

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q37. Match the terms in Group –I with the parameters.in Group-II Group I

Group II

P. Frontal Area Density Q. Sky View Factor R. Drift Index S. Biotope Factor

1. Active Green Area 2. Urban Density in Third Dimension 3. Built Density in Two Dimension 4. Lateral Stiffness 5. Cross Sectional Property of Urban Canyon

(A) P-2, Q-5, R-4, S-1 (C) P-2, Q-3. R-4, S-5 (B) P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4 (D) P-3, Q-4, R-5, S-1 Answer (A) Frontal Area Density-Urban Density in Third Dimension Sky View Factor-Cross Sectional Property of Urban Canyon Drift Index-Lateral Stiffness Biotope Factor-Active Factor Q38. Match the structural systems in Group –I with their potential causes of failure in Group-II Group I

Group II

P. Flat Slab Q. Long Column R. Arch S. Tensile Fabric

1. Thrust 2. Flutter 3. Punching Shear 4. Buckling 5. Moment

(A) P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2 (B) P-1, Q-3, R-5, S-2 Answer (A)

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q39. Match the brick masonry bond type in Group â&#x20AC;&#x201C;I with their corresponding illustrations in Group-II Group I

Group II

P. Rat Trap

Q. English

R. Flemish

S. Stretcher

. (A) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-5 (B) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3 Answer (D)

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Q40. Match the characteristics in Group â&#x20AC;&#x201C;I with the type of settlement in Group-II Group I

Group II

P. Zones of transition from rural to urban and uses located between the outer limits of urban and regional centres and rural environment Q. Towns having potential for investment and development; identified on the basis of their inter-aerial relationship with the regional nodal centre R. Settlements that are growing sub-nodal centres but located out of the direct functionally linked areas of the growth node nodal centre in the region S. Located near or within reasonable distance, well connected by transportation route of the growth node or metropolitan city and dependent on growth node

1. Counter-Magnets 2. Satellite Towns

3. Peri-Urban Areas

4. Priority Towns

5. Statutory Towns (A) P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-5 (B) P-3, Q-5, R-1, S-4 Answer (D)

Q41. The population of 2500 persons requires a minimum area of 3000-meter squares for primary schools. For the population in four different sectors given in the table below, the Sector having maximum shortage of school area per person is______ Sector Population Number of existing School Existing area of each school (m2) 1 20000 5 2000 2 15000 4 4500 3 12500 2 2500 4 10000 4 1500 Answer 3.0 to 3.0 Rate of area requirement = 3000/2500 = 1.2 sqm per person In Sector 1; School area available = (5*2000)/20000 = 0.5 sqm per person In Sector 2; School area available = (4*4500)/15000 = 1.2 sqm per person In Sector 3; School area available = (2*2500)/12500 = 0.4 sqm per person In Sector 4; School area available = (4*1500)/10000 = 0.6 sqm per person Sector 3 has the highest shortage Q42. Number of married couples in a household along with number of rooms (for a household) are given in the table. Assuming each married couple needs one separate room, the total number of additional rooms required for them is______

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Gate Architecture and Planning-2020 Number of Married couples in a Number of households with household 1 Room 2 Room 3 Room 0 2500 450 100 1 4700 3000 2000 2 3600 5500 1100 3 432 750 400 Answer 5214 to 5214 The following households marked red do not require additional rooms as the number of couples is either equal to or less than the number of rooms available: Number of married Number of households with couples in a household 1 Room 2 Room 3 Room 0 2500 450 100 1 4700 3000 2000 2 3600 5500 1100 3 432 750 400 Households marked in light green require one additional room per household and households marked in dark green require two additional rooms per household. Total additional rooms required = 3600 + (2*432) + 750 = 521 Q43. In a residential complex, the central play area is to be converted as a detention pond for storm water management. For a 24-hour rainfall event of 100 mm, 100% storm water of central play area and 70% storm water run-off from rest of the complex is to be held at the detention pond. Area distribution in the residential complex is given in the table. Type Apartment Blocks Central Play Area Other Permeable Areas Other Impermeable Areas

Area(m2) 1250 150 200 400

Run-off Coefficient 0.8 0.60 0.70 0.90

The required depth of the detention pond (in mm) is Answer 760 to 760 Use the formula =∑CIA: C-Run off Coefficient, I-Intensity of rainfall, A-Area Q44. In the plot shown below, S1 and S2 are two non-directional point sources, having a sound intensity level of 95 dB and 60 dB, respectively, at a distance of 1 m from each point sources. Considering free field conditions, the effective sound intensity level at the receiver location ‘R’ (in dB, rounded off to two decimal places) is__________

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Annexure-A

Important Conversions                 

                 

1 mili pascal= 0.001 pascal 1 metre= 100 centimetre 1 second=(1/3600) hours 1 watt= 3.412 Btu/hr Centi= 10-2 Micro= 10-6 Nano= 10-9 1000 litres= 1 m3 10000 m 2= 1 hectare 1000 mm= 1 metre 1000 watt/hr= 1 Kwatt/hr 1 hour= 60 minutes 1 minute= 60 second Unit of current-Ampere 1 cm= 10 mm 1 Kpa= 103 pa 1 Mpa= 106 pa Factor 101 102 106 109 1012 1035 1018 1020 1024

Name deka hecta Mega Giga Tetra Peta Exa Zetta Yetta

100 kg=1 quintal 1 Gpa= 109 pa 1 ton= 1000 kg 1 unit= 1000 watt/hr= 1 Kwatt/hr 1 cusec= 28.317 L/sec=7.8 gallons/sec 1 hectare= 2.471 acres 1 acre= 4047 m2 1 metre= 3.28 feet 1 metre= 39.37 inches 1 foot= 12 inches 1 foot= 30.48 cm 1 yard= 0.914 m 1 inch= 2.54 centimeter 1 gallon= 3.785 litres 1 hectare= 2.471 acres Big unit to Small unit=Multiply Small unit to Big Unit= Divide 1 Mile= 1.609 Km

Symbol Da H M G T P E Z Y

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Annexure - B

ARCHITECTS and their Works

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Annexure - B

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Annexure - B

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Annexure - B

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Annexure - B

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Annexure - B

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Annexure - B

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Annexure - B

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Annexure - C

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Annexure - E         

1.F L Wright

2.Francis D. K. Ching

    

3.lan Mc Harg

4.Edmund N. Bacon

          

5.Jane Jacob

6.KEVIN LYNCH

7.EBENEZER HOWARD

     

8.Christopher Alexander

      

9.Lewis Mumford

 

Writings and Buildings Disappearing City The living City Architectural Graphics Architecture: Form, Space & Order “A Visual Dictionary of Architecture" Design Drawing A Global History of Architecture Building Codes Illustrated: A Guide to understanding the 2006 international building code. Design with Nature To Heal the Earth A Quest for Life Design of Cities ED Bacon: Planning, politics, and the building of Modern Philadelphia. The death and life of great America cities The Economy of Cities Dark Age Ahead IMAGE OF A CITY THEORY - URBAN IMAGEABILITY Citv Form What time is this place GOOD CITY FORM CITY SENSE & CITY DESIGN SITE PLANNING TOMORROW: A PEACEFUL PATH TO SOCIALREFORM GARDEN CITIES OF TOMORROW Pattern Language Synthesis of Form Oregon Experiment Community and Privacy The city as a mechanism for sustaining Human contact Pattern of streets The city in History Culture of cities The Brown Decades Condition of man Techniques and civilization The city in History, its origin, its transformation and its prospects Pattern of streets The story of Utopians

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Annexure - F

STUDY MATERIAL Section wise as per GATE

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Annexure - F

Section:1 - Architecture & Design 1.Chronology of World History of Architecture                  

Prehistoric Times -11600BCE to 3500 BCE Ancient Egypt- 3050 BCE to 900 BCE Classical Greek- 700 BCE to 146 BCE Roman- 44 BCE to 476 BCE Byzantine- 527 AD to 565 AD A Romanesque- 800 Gothic- 1100 AD to 1450 AD Renaissance- 1400 AD to 1600 AD Baroque- 1600 AD to 1930 AD Rococo- 1650 AD to 1790 AD Neoclassicism- 1730 AD to 1925 AD Art Nouveau- 1890 AD to 1914 AD Beaux Arts- 1895 AD to 1925 AD Neo Gothic- 1905 AD to 1930 AD Art Deco- 1925 AD to 1937 AD Modernist- 1900 AD to Present Postmodern- 1972 AD to Present Neo Modernism and Parametricism- 1997 to Present

Prehistoric Times- Mesopotamian Architecture Temples were often the most central and important buildings in Mesopotamian city states. They were usually devoted to individual deities and could be quite elaborate if the city was rich. The largest temples were ziggurats. These towers were one of the first forms of architecture created by the Mesopotamians, and were also home to the priest and high-status officials and usually dedicated to a specific god in Mesopotamian religion. The towers were constructed at such a large elevation, for protection from floods, and to practice religious ceremony on the shrines located at the very top. Each Ziggurat was interconnected with other buildings to form a "complex" like form of building, a court yard usually resided in the centre of these complexes.

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Annexure - F o

Castle    

French Romanesque

Castles were defensive constructions They were fortified for providing shelter The wall was one of the essential elements They tend to be built in stepped areas, easier to defend.

Italian Romanesque

German Romanesque

Gothic Architecture Gothic architecture is characterized by tall minarets pointed arches, large windows and stained glass painted with Bible stories. And the pointed arch, flying buttress and the long beam- column create a sense of flying. The majestic appearance the vast space in the church and the long windows with stained glass produce a strong religious atmosphere. The plane of the church is based on the Latin cross, but there is a pair of towers added on both sides of the doors at west. Characteristics o Pointed Arch Pointed Arch It is simply known as It is simply known as the Gothic Arch and the Gothic Arch and was reconstructed from was reconstructed from cylindrical vault of cylindrical vault of Roman architecture. Roman architecture. There are four stones at There are four stones at the end of the arch the end of the arch supporting the power supporting the power from the top so that the from the top so that the height and the span of height and the span of the arch are no longer the arch are no longer restricted and the arch restricted and the arch can be made as large can be made as large and high as possible. and high as possible.

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Annexure - F

3.Universal Design

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Annexure - F

Section:2 - Building Materials, Construction & Management 1.Building Materials Stone Sedimentary stone came from organic elements such as glaciers, rivers, wind, oceans, and plants. Tiny sedimentary pieces broke off form these elements and accumulated to form rock beds. They were bonded through millions of years of heat and pressure. Metamorphic stones originate from a natural form of one type of stone to another type through the mixture of heat, pressure, and minerals. The change may be a development of a crystalline formation, a texture change, or a colour change. Igneous stones are mainly formed through volcanic material such as magma. Underneath the Earth's surface, liquid magma cooled and solidified. Mineral gases and liquids penetrated into the stone and created new crystalline formations with various colours.

Stone Textures There are many different types of stone available today. When stone is ordered, it is fabricated with a particular type of surface. There are six main type of surfaces that are selected: Honed: Provides a flat to low sheen gloss. Different levels of gloss can be selected. This surface is very smooth, but often very porous. This texture is common in high traffic buildings. Honed floors should always be protected with Penetrating Sealer because it has wide-open pores. Honed stone colours are not as vibrant as polished stone. Polished: A glossy surfaces that wears away with time due to heavy foot traffic and using improper maintenance procedure. This surface is very smooth and not porous. The reflectively of polished crystals brings out the brilliant colors and grains of natural stone. The shine comes from the natural reflection of the stone's crystals. The shine is due to polishing bricks and polishing powders used during fabrication. 525 This book is a copyright of Yash Kotgirwar and Zakkaullah Bader and licensed to student for personal GATE preparation.

Annexure - F

Section:3 - Building & Structures Principle of Strength of Materials Stress (σ) When a material is subjected to an external force, a resisting force is set up within the component. The internal resistance force per unit area acting on material or intensity of the forces distributed over a given section is called the stress at a point. It uses original cross-section area of the specimen and also known as engineering stress or conventional stress.

Tensile stress (σt) If σt > O the stress is tensile. i.e. The fibres of the component tend to elongate due to the external force. A member subjected to an external force tensile P and tensile stress distribution due to the force is shown in the given figure.

Compressive stress (σc) If σc < O the stress is compressive. i.e. The fibres of the component tend to shorten due to the external force. A member subjected to an external compressive force P and compressive stress distribution due to the force is shown in the given figure.

Shear stress When forces are transmitted from one part of a body to another, the stresses developed in a plane parallel to the applied force are the shear stress. Shear stress acts parallel to the plane of interest. Forces P is applied transversely to the member AB as shown. The corresponding internal forces act in the plane of section C and are called shearing

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Annexure - F

Section:4 - Environmental Planning & Design Environmental Planning Glossary Trophic level: steps in food chain that show feeding and niche relationships among organisms; trophic=nourishment Autotrophs: are those organisms that are able to make energy-containing organic molecules from inorganic raw material by using basic energy sources such as sunlight. Plants are the prime example of autotrophs, using photosynthesis Heterotrophs: All other organisms must make use of food that comes from other organisms in the form of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. These organisms which feed on others are called heterotrophs. Chemotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. These molecules can be organic (chemoorganotrophs) or inorganic (chemolithotrophs). The chemotroph designation is in contrast to phototrophs, which utilize solar energy. E. g Nitrifying Bacteria is a chemotroph. Saprophytes: are more generally plants, fungi, or micro-organisms that live on dead or decomposing matter. Some may more accurately be called myco-heterotrophs. Xerophytes: These are plants that grow in the desert. Detrivores: consumers that feed at every trophic level, obtaining their energy and nutrients by eating dead organic matter. Typical detritivorous animals include millipedes, woodlice, dung flies, slugs, many terrestrial worms, sea stars, sea cucumbers, fiddler crabs, etc. Ecosystem ecology: studies â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;the flow of energy and materials through organisms and the physical environmentâ&#x20AC;?. The study of ecosystems can cover 10 orders of magnitude, from the surface layers of rocks to the surface of the planet. Ecological pyramid: a model that shows the loss of energy from one trophic level to another often called an ecological pyramid Ecotone: A region of transition between two biological communities. Keystone species: species (eg, salmon) that can greatly affect population numbers and the health of an ecosystem. Epharmony: the immediate acquirement by an organism of a morphological or physiological alteration that enables it to exist in an altered environment. Nutrient cycle: the way nutrients are cycled in the biosphere, the continuous flows (exchanges) of nutrients in and out of stores.

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Annexure - F

Section:5 - Urban Design Hippodamus (5thcentury BC) of Miletus was a Greek architect who introduced order and regularity into the planning of cities, which were intricate and confusing. For Pericles, he planned the arrangement of the harbor-town Peiraeus at Athens. When the Athenians founded Thurii in Italy, he accompanied the colony as architect. Later, in 408 B.C., he superintended the building of the new city of Rhodes. His schemes consisted of series of broad, straight streets, intersecting one another at right angles. Haussmann (1809-1891) was a French civic planner who is associated with the rebuilding of Paris. He was born in that city of a Protestant family of German descent. Commissioned by Napoleon III to instigate a program of planning reforms in Paris, Haussmann laid out the Bois de Boulogne, and made extensive improvements in the smaller parks. The gardens of the Luxembourg Palace were cut down to allow of the formation of new streets, and the Boulevard de Sebastopol, the southern half of which is now the Boulevard St. Michel, was built through a populous district. Additional, sweeping changes made wide “boulevards” of previously narrow streets. A new water supply, a gigantic system of sewers, new bridges, the opera and other public buildings, and the inclusion of outlying districts were among the new Haussmann’s achievements. His bold handling of the public funds called forth Jules Ferry’s indictment, in 1867. Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) came to America from England at the age of 21. He settled in Nebraska, and soon discovered that he was not meant to be a farmer. He moved to Chicago and worked as a reporter for the courts and newspapers. By 1876, he was back in England, where he found a job with a firm producing the official Parliamentary reports, and he spent the rest of his life in this occupation. Howard read widely and thought deeply about social issues, and one result was his book To‐Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform (1898), reprinted in 1902 as Garden Cities of To‐Morrow. This book called for the creation of new suburban towns of limited size, planned in advance, and surrounded by a permanent belt of agricultural land. Many suburbs were modeled after Howard’s “Garden Cities.” He believed they were the perfect blend of city and nature. His ideas attracted enough attention and financial backing to begin Letchworth, a garden city in suburban London. A second garden city, Welwyn, was started after World War I. Their success led the British government to develop New Towns after World War II. This movement produced more than 30 communities, most significantly perhaps Milton Keynes. Howard’s ideas inspired other planners such as Frederick Law Olmsted II and Clarence Perry. Le Corbusier(1887-1965) was without doubt the most influential, most admired, and most maligned architect of the twentieth century. Through his writing and his buildings, he is the main player in the Modernist story, his visions of homes and cities as innovative as they are influential. Many of his ideas on urban living became the blueprint for post-war reconstruction, and the many failures of his would-be imitators led to Le Corbusier being blamed for the problems of western cities in the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1920s and 1930s, Le Corbusier’s most significant work was in urban planning. In such published plans as La Ville Contemporaine (1922), the Plan Voisin de Paris (1925), and the several Villes Radieuses (1930-36). He advanced ideas dramatically different from the comfortable, low-rise communities proposed by earlier garden city planners. During this 20-year span, he also built many villas and several small apartment complexes and office buildings. Lewis Mumford‘s (1895-1988) long life was marked by work in urban planning, history, and political and social commentary. He viewed architectural congestion as a dehumanizing influence and was instrumental in founding the Regional Planning Association of America in 1923.

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Annexure - F

Section:6 - Urban Planning & Housing Ancient Classification of Towns Dandaka  Streets are straight and cross each other at right angles at the centre  Village has 4 gates on four sides  Village is rectangular / square  Width of the street varies from one “five danda  2 transverse streets at the extremities have single row of houses  The village offices located in the east.  The female deity/ chamadevata located outside the village and the male deities in the northern portion

Sarvatobhadra  This type of town plan is applicable to larger villages and towns, which have to be constructed on square sites.  According to this plan, the whole town should be fully occupied by houses of various descriptions and inhabited by all classes of people. The temple dominates the village. 

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Annexure - F

Section:7 - Planning Techniques & Management Planning Process The classification of urban settlements adopted by the Census of India 2011 is as follows: 1, All places with a Municipality, Corporation, Cantonment Board or notified town area committee, etc, 2. All other places which satisfies the following criteria: a. A minimum population of 5,000; b. At least 75 per cent of the male main working population engaged in nonagricultural pursuits; and c. A density of population of at least 400 persons per sq. km.

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Annexure - F

Different Types of Sampling Simple random sampling -In simple random sampling, the members of the sample are selected randomly and purely by chance. As every member has an equal chance of being selected in the sample, random selection of members does not affect the quality of the sample. Systematic sampling -In systematic sampling, a member occurring after a fixed interval is selected. The member occurring after fixed interval is known as Kth element. For EX, if a research wants to select member occurring after every ten members, the Kth element become 10th element. It means for selecting a sample from 100 members will be as follows: Sample (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100) In cluster sampling, various segments of a population are treated as clusters and members from each cluster are selected randomly. In stratified sampling, the researcher divides the population into homogeneous subgroups on the basis of similar characteristics e.g. age, sex, profession, religion and so on. On the other hand, in cluster sampling, the does not divide the population into sub-groups or cluster but randomly select from already existing or naturally occurring sub-groups. In multi-stage sampling, each cluster of the sample is further divided into smaller clusters and members are selected from each smaller cluster randomly. It is called a multi-stage sampling as it involves many stages. Purposive Sampling or judgmental sampling-It is a type of sampling where the members for a sample are selected according to the purpose of the study. For example, if a researcher wants to study the impact of drugs abuse on health. Every member of the society is not the best respondent for this study. Only the drug addicts can be the best respondents for this study. 581 This book is a copyright of Yash Kotgirwar and Zakkaullah Bader and licensed to student for personal GATE preparation.

Annexure - F

Section:8 - Services, Infrastructure & Transportation 1.Transport Planning

Stopping sight distance (SSD): SSD Is the sight distance which is necessary for a driver to stop a vehicle from the design speed to the 0 speed without any collision with the obstruction on the road. It is also known as the absolute minimum sight distance so this much sight distance is provided at all the cross section of the road. Over-Taking Sight Distance (OSD): OSD is the sight distance which is necessary for a vehicle running at the design speed to overtake a slower moving vehicle without collision with the vehicles coming from the opposite direction. Generally, it is not possible to provide the OSD at every crass section of the road so, it is provided after a stretch of the road. Super- Elevation: The outer edge of the road with respect to the inner edge of the road is raised in case of the horizontal curves, this is called super-elevation. Super- elevation is necessary to counter-act the centrifugal force due to the radius of the curve and speed of the vehicle. Non-Urban Roads Expressways National Highways State Highways Major District Roads

Classification of Roads Urban Roads Arterial Road Sub Arterial Road Collector Road Local Street

Village Roads Other District Roads Village Roads

Time mean speed means the speeds of vehicles passing a point is arithmetic mean of speeds of vehicles passing a point. Space mean speed is the harmonic mean of speeds passing a point during a period of time. It also equals the average speeds over a length of roadway. Note that the time mean speed is average speed past a point as distinct from space mean speed which is average speed along a length. Time headway is the difference between the time when the front of a vehicle arrives at a point on the highway and the time the front of the next vehicle arrives at the same point (in seconds) Average Time Headway Space Space headway is the difference in position between the front of a vehicle and the front of the next vehicle. Time headway =Average Travel Time per Unit Distance * Average Space Headway Average Space headway= Space Mean Speed * Average Time headway 586 This book is a copyright of Yash Kotgirwar and Zakkaullah Bader and licensed to student for personal GATE preparation.

Annexure - F

2.Building Services HVAC System

Air changes per hour-The hourly ventilation rate divided by the volume of a space. For perfectly mixed air or laminar flow spaces, this is equal to the number of times per hour that the volume the space is exchanged by mechanical and natural ventilation. Also called air change rate or air exchange rate. Abbreviated as ACH or ac/hr. Air conditioner-An appliance, system, or mechanism designed to dehumidify and extract heat from an area. Usually this term is reserved for smaller self-contained units such as a residential system. Air handling unit-A central unit consisting of a blower, heating and cooling elements, filter racks or chamber, dampers, humidifier, and other central equipment in direct contact with the airflow. This does not include the ductwork through the building. Abbreviated as AH or AHU. Chiller-A device that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption refrigeration cycle. This cooled liquid flows through pipes in a building and passes through coils in air handlers, fan-coil units, or other systems, cooling and usually dehumidifying the air in the building. Chillers are of two types; aircooled or water-cooled. Air-cooled chillers are usually outside and consist of condenser coils cooled by fan-driven air. Water-cooled chillers are usually inside a building, and heat from these chillers is carried by recirculating water to a heat sink such as an outdoor cooling tower. Condenser-A component in the basic refrigeration cycle that ejects or removes heat from the system. The condenser is the hot side of an air conditioner or heat pump. Condensers are heat exchangers, and can transfer heat to air or to an intermediate fluid (such as water or an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol) to carry heat to a distant sink, such as ground (earth sink), a body of water, or air (as with cooling towers). Damper-A plate or gate placed in a duct to control air flow by increasing friction in the duct. Fan Coil Unit-A small terminal unit that is often composed of only a blower and a heating and/or cooling coil, as is often used in hotels, condominiums, or apartments. Abbreviated as FCU. 589 This book is a copyright of Yash Kotgirwar and Zakkaullah Bader and licensed to student for personal GATE preparation.