Prepared For: Miss Umairah Alias
AB633 BUILDING SCIENCE 2
School of Architecture & Built Environment
Group 12
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COVER PAGE 01 GROUP MEMBER PAGE 02 1.0 PRECEDENT STUDY 1: YOKOSUKA ART THEATRE 03 2.0 PRECEDENT STUDY 2: CONCERT HOUSE DANISH RADIO BVEN 05 3.0 PRECEDENT STUDY 3: KKL LUZERN CONCERT HALL 07 4.0 COMPARATIVE TABLE 09 5.0 DESIGN PROPOSAL 11
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1.0 PRECEDENT
S T U D Y
1 Top Left: Hall Interior Top Right: Exterior Building Bottom Left: Orchestra Shell Bottom Right: Orchestra Pit
Y O K O S U K A
A R T S
Y O K O S U K A ,
T H E A T R E
J A P A N
Size & Volume of Space
Layout seating arrangements
Hall type & function
Surface area: 5300 m2
Horseshoe plan
Theatre
Volume:
19700 mÂł
Selection of Material Ceiling: Gypsum board (12mm 2 layers) Wall: Marble pitching (30mm), exposed concrete Floor: Flooring block Seat: Upholstered
Acoustic Element
Reverberation time (500Hz)
Flat level floor. 3 telescoping flat arches. 4 layers of high balconies.
- With Orchestra Shell (Classic
Seating capacity
Drama)
1806
Concert)
Unoccupied: 2.3 sec Occupied: 2.0 sec - Without Orchestra Shell (Opera, Unoccupied 1.7 sec Occupied 1.4 sec Noise Level: NC –20
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Y o k o s uk a A r t s T he at re 横須賀芸術劇場 Yokosuka Geijutsu Gekij ō is part of the mixed -use Bay Square complex in Yokosuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. I t opened in 1994. The horseshoe shaped theatre seats 1,806 and there is a smaller hall, the Yokosuka Bayside Pock et, with a capacity of 600. The Bay Square complex is by Kenzo Tange, with acoustical design of the hall s by Nagata Acoustics.
SECTIONAL ELEVATION
LEFT GROUND FLOOR PLAN RIGHT UPPER FLOOR PLAN
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2.0 PRECEDENT
S T U D Y
2
T H E CO N C ERT
K O N C E R T H U S E T H O U S E
D AN I S H
R ADIO
BY E N
Size & Volume of Space
Seating capacity
Selection of Material
Surface area: 7900 m2
1809
Ceiling & Canopy: Microshaped veneer + Multiple layered gypsum boards
Volume:
28,000 m³
Layout seating arrangements
Vineyard-style layout Acoustic Element Acoustical drapery: WOOLSERGE 500. JOKER 95 track system with FRICTION-DRIVE motors
Hall type & function
Concert Hall
Balcony and Stage walls: Microshaped multiplex board + Multiple layered gypsum boards
Reverberation time (500Hz) - Unoccupied 2.0 sec (Reflective) 1.6 sec (Absorptive) - Occupied (Calculated) 1.8 sec (Reflective) 1.5 sec (Absorptive)
Wave wall: Multiple layered gypsum boards (Mass 36 kg/m2). Floor: Wooden parquet + Multiple layered gypsum boards. Seat: Upholstered.
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TH E K ON CE R TH U S E T CONCERT HOUSE DANISH RADIO BYEN is a classical concert hall with vineyard layout and allows 1,800 seats around the arena-type stage. The seats provide same design to have the same absorption when empty as a concertgoer provides when seated. The volume of 28,000 cubic meters ensures that the reverberation time will not be affected by the presence of an audience. Above the stage, there i s a moveable canopy. It allows reflections back to the stage to improve ensemble feeling. Furthermore, the canopy serves as a base for suspended microphones as well as the permanently installed sound reinforcement system. LAYOUT PLAN
LEFT LONGITUDINAL SECTION RIGHT TRANSVERSE SECTION
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3.0 PRECEDENT
S T U D Y
K K L
3
L U Z E R N L U C E R N E ,
C O N C E R T
H A L L
S W I T Z E R L A N D
Size & Volume of Space
Reverberation time (500Hz)
Selection of Material
Surface area: 2100 m2
- Occupied (Calculated) 2 – 2.8 sec
Ceiling & Canopy: Steel + Multiple layered gypsum boards
Acoustic Element
Balcony and Stage walls: Light-hued wood (Oregon pine, cherry, maple & beech)
Volume:
17823 mÂł
Layout seating arrangements
Shoebox principle 1:1:2 Seating capacity
1898 Hall type & function
Concert Hall
D&B V-Series sound reinforcement system. Sound-reflecting canopy (twopiece, vertically moving acoustical canopy) Movable soundproof convex reverberation chamber doors, custom designed gypsum relief elements
Wall: White plaster relief panel Floor: Wooden parquet flooring Seat: Upholstered.
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K K L Luz e r n C o n c e rt H al l Culture and Congress Centre in Lucerne The Concert Hall is covered in maple, which suggests a contrabass. There are 1840 seats on its five floors (ground fl oor, four bal conies). I t w as conceived principally for cl assical music concerts. The hall is popul arl y call ed “Sall e Bl anche� since the w al l s on the sides are made of an extremely white plaster relief pattern. The walls are white and many of them in fact are not walls, but touch panel -controlled hydraulic doors that can be used to modify the reverberation time for different applications. The blue ceiling and canopy over the stage are reminiscent of a dark starry night. The same blue is LAYOUT PLAN
repeated in the colour of the material covering the seats.
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YOKOSUKA ARTS THEATER
CONCERT HOUSE DANISH RADIO BYEN
KKL Luzern Concert Hall
Function
Theatre
Concert Hall
Concert Hall
Size
5300 m2
7900 m2
2100 m2
Volume
19,700 m³
28,000 m³
17’823 m³
Ceiling Height
Unknown
23.5 m
22 m
1806
1809
1898
Horseshoe plan
Vineyard-style layout
Shoebox principle 1:1:2
•
•
Ceiling – steel
•
Reinforced concrete structure
•
Covered in light-hued woods Oregon pine, cherry, maple and beech, soft white coloured
•
Smattering of Oregon pine around the stage
Wave wall: Multiple layered gypsum boards (Mass 36 kg/m2).
•
Panel: white plaster relief
•
Wooden organ gallery
•
Audience floor: Wooden parquet + Multiple layered gypsum boards.
•
Bordeaux red, dark blue, dark green colour
•
Stage floor: Port Orford Cedar 50 mm supported with wooden joists and sleepers.
•
Seat: Upholstered.
Seating Capacity Layout Seating Arrangement
•
•
Materials
Ceiling: gypsum board (12mm x 2 layers) Wall: Marble pitching (30mm), exposed concrete
•
Floor: flooring block
•
Seat: Upholstered
•
•
Ceiling/Canopy: Micro-shaped veneer + Multiple layered gypsum boards (Mass 100 kg/m2). Balcony and Stage walls: Micro-shaped multiplex board + Multiple layered gypsum boards (Mass 100 kg/m2).
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•
Flat level floor.
•
3 telescoping flat arches.
•
Acoustic Element
4 layers of high balconies.
•
Acoustical drapery: WOOLSERGE 500.
•
JOKER 95 track system with FRICTION-DRIVE motors: CNC bending ensures that 3D curves fit precisely along organically curved wall and ceiling architectural elements.
•
•
•
•
• • • • •
D&B V-Series sound reinforcement system Sound-reflecting canopy (two-piece, vertically moving acoustical canopy) above stage Echo chambers with heavy, soundabsorbing curtains Movable soundproof convex reverberation chamber doors, custom designed gypsum relief elements White plaster relief tiles Acoustic corridors that isolate all sound Below hearing level air circulation system Covered in maple Goll organ with 4387 pipes
With Orchestra Shell (Classic Concert) Unoccupied Unoccupied 2.3 sec 2.0 sec (Reflective) Occupied 2.0 sec 1.6 sec (Absorptive) Reverberation Time
Without Orchestra Shell Occupied (Opera, Drama) 1.8 sec (Reflective) 1.5 sec (Absorptive) Unoccupied 1.7 sec Occupied 1.4 sec
2.0 – 2.8 secs
Based on the comparative table, the optimum reverberation time for a hall or theatre depends upon its intended use of the sound. In a more reflective room, it will take longer for the sound to die away and the room is said to be live. For reverberation to completely die away will depend upon how loud the sound was to begin with, and will also depend upon the acuity of the hearing of the observer.
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3 6 0
D E G R E E
C O N C E R T
H A L L
Seating capacity 1800 seats are proposed in the concert hall to have comfortable fully upholstered seats for the audiences.
Layout seating arrangements Vineyard-style layout. The main stage is located intermediate to offer a 360 degree visuals to the audiences.
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Layout plan Scale 1:200 13 | P a g e
Selection of Material Ceiling We choose Gypsum plasterboard,17% perforated as the material. Besides, we also proposed a movable multiple layered gypsum board canopy in the middle to reflect sound waves to every corner. The gypsum board will be 2 inches thick to keep it stiff and prevent vibrations, as that will cause absorption of low frequencies.
Wall For the full height wall, we proposed plywood panels to improve concert hall acoustics and reduce sound resonance and echoes. Besides, studwork & lightweight walls are using plasterboard to cause low frequency absorption, and to achieve good reflections at all frequencies.
Floor The floor we proposed is parquet fixed in asphalt, on concrete. This will emphasize the warm and gives a character to the hall. It can also improve hall acoustics.
Seat Very easy assembling, upholstered with sound absorption materials, which satisfy the ambience’s acoustic specifications.
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Calculations
Area: 7900 m²
Volume: 28000 m³
Ceiling area: 7900 m²
Wall area: 12200 m²
Floor area: 7900 m²
Therefore, Total Absorption (A) = Area x absorption coefficient
Plywood panel
12200
Absorption coefficient (A) 500Hz 0.05
Plasterboard
451.91
0.08
36.15
Parquet fixed in asphalt, on concrete
7900
0.07
553
Gypsum plasterboard, 17% perforated
7900
0.02
158
1800
0.44
792
Materials Full height wall Wall
Studwork & Lightweight Walls
Floor
Floor
Area (m²)
Total Absorption 610
Ceiling Ceiling
Seat
Canopy (movable)
Upholstery
Auditorium seat, occupied: - Fully upholstered seats (per item) in m² - Upholstered tip-up timber padded seat
Total Absorption
2149.15
Using Sabines Formula,
RT =
0.16 V A
RT =
0.16 x 28000m³ 2149.15
Whereby, V = volume of the exhibition hall A = Total Absorption
RT = 2.1sec
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