ISBN 2009-6437
Vexillology Ireland: Brateolaíocht Éireann
VIBE Winter Newsletter 2016
Vol. 1 No. 3
Welcome to Vexillology Ireland’s Winter Newsletter! Daffodils are blooming and winter is coming to an end (at least in Ireland). It is therefore the perfect timing to publish our Winter Newsletter. In light of the Centenary of the 1916 Easter Rising, the Proclamation of the Irish Republic, and the acceptance of the Irish tricolour by the public as a national symbol, there will be an emphasis on the Irish flag and the events and history surrounding it - 10 pages to mark 100 years (1916-2016).
2016 Ireland - 1916 Rising Centenary In 2016 Ireland is marking the centenary of the “1916 Easter Rising” - an armed insurrection against British Rule in Ireland that began on Easter Monday, 24 April 1916 and lasted for six days. Throughout the year there will be events, ceremonies and programmes marking the significance of the national flag in the historical and cultural context of the centenary. Commemorations began on 1 January with a flag raising ceremony at Dublin Castle. Three flags were raised on the day in order to commemorate the three flags that were flown on O’Connell Street during the 1916 Easter Rising - the “Starry Plough Banner” which was flown from the Imperial Hotel (Clerys) across the road from the GPO and the “Irish Republic” flag along with the Irish tricolour that were both flown from the GPO. The ceremony was attended by Ireland’s President Michael D Higgins, Taoiseach (Prime Minister) Enda Kenny, and Tánaiste (Deputy Prime Minister) Joan Burton and ended with the playing of the national anthem -"Amhrán na bhFiann" (The Soldier’s Song). As part of the centenary programme Dublin City Council installed a temporary flagpole on O’Connell Street opposite the GPO in January 2016 (photograph on the right). It is funny to note that the Spire, Dublin’s largest monument (121.2 m) which stands only a couple metres from this installation has no flag flying from it, despite looking like a large flag pole. A daily flag raising ceremony is taking place here every day at noon and sunset and is carried out by two members of the Irish Defence Forces (Óglaigh na hÉireann). This will go on until the 3 August, the day when Roger Casement, the last of the 1916 leaders was executed in Pentonville Prison in London.
Ireland Flag Day – 7 March 2016 Vexillology Ireland is still campaigning to make 7 March the “Irish Flag Day” in order to celebrate and commemorate, on an annual basis, the first unfurling of the Irish tricolour in Waterford City by Thomas Francis Meagher on 7 March 1848 on his return from France where it was designed and made. There is a great focus on the national flag in this year’s events which should strengthen the case for an annual “National Flag Day” in Ireland. Although the debate has yet to reach the Oireachtas (Irish Parliament), there is however good news in other areas. 1
The Thomas Francis Meagher (TMF) Foundation in partnership with An Taoiseach (Prime Minister) and the Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht is holding a “Flag Presentation Ceremony” on 7 March 2016, at Croke Park (Ireland’s largest stadium) in Dublin. Secondary schools are invited to attend the ceremony where they will be given an Irish flag that has been flown at no.33, The Mall in Waterford City (the place of the first flying of the Irish tricolour) along with a hand-carved flag base and flagpole (picture on the right).
Thomas F Meagher Foundation and 2016 Flag Week The Thomas Francis Meagher (TMF) Foundation was founded in 2015 “to promote pride in and respect for the Irish flag and its meaning for peace, encouraging active citizenship through schools, awards and scholarships”. The Awards and Scholarship Programme was officially launched by the President of Ireland, Michael D. Higgins on 12 March 2015. The Programme basically allows secondary school students to apply for third level scholarships in order to further their studies at one of a number of higher education institutions in Ireland. The “flagship” event of TFM Foundation will be the “2016 Flag Week” between 10 March and St. Patrick's Day on 17 March, during which secondary schools across Ireland will be invited to fly the Irish tricolour that they would have received from the organisation. In addition, lapel flags, stickers, posters and supporting material provided with the flag would be used by schools to fundraise for a local organisation of their choice – all under the Irish tricolour. Schools are also asked to decorate their schools in green, white and orange, so the lead up to this year’s St. Patrick’s Day promises to be brighter and more colourful than ever. It can therefore be said that “Flag Week 2016” will be about “raising” the flag and money for a good cause. In other areas, while the Foundation has been involved with secondary schools, the Irish Defences Forces have worked with primary schools across Ireland.
Irish Flags for Primary Schools Initiative In order to commemorate the centenary of the 1916 Easter Rising and the “Proclamation of the Irish Republic”, the Irish government has tasked the Defence Forces (Óglaigh na hÉireann) to deliver a national flag to every primary and special school in Ireland (over 3,200 schools) by March 2016. The delivery of the flag includes a short ceremony that involves a reading and explanation of the Proclamation and an outline of the history of the national flag and its protocols. Schools are asked to keep their flag and raise it in a special ceremony and read the Proclamation of the Irish Republic on “Proclamation Day”, 15 March, 2016. We at Vexillology Ireland think that this has been a wonderful initiative and we thoroughly welcome it.
Milestones of the Irish National Flag The story of the Irish national flag is closely interlinked with that of historical events. Therefore the history of the Irish flag is the history of Ireland. The flag serves as a reference-point for events in Irish history and allows for a visual point around which to orientate. Below are the major milestones in the history of the Irish tricolour. 1848 – First unveiled in Ireland. The flag was first flown from the Wolfe Tone Confederate Club at no. 33, The Mall, in Waterford City by Thomas Francis Meagher. He had received the flag as a present from Irish sympathisers while on a trip to Paris to study the revolutionary events taking place there. It must be noted that the orange was on the fly as to give precedence to the Protestant side. 2
1915 – First verifiably used in a cause. Since 1848, the Irish tricolour was used properly for the first time when it was draped over the coffin of Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa, the famous Fenian leader. His funeral was of great significance as it unified the republican movement and ultimately led to the Easter Rising less than a year later. 1916 – First widely accepted as a national flag. Until 1916, the harp flag held more importance than the tricolour. It was the events of the Easter Rising, most notably the iconic image of the Irish tricolour flying over the GPO that confirmed the flag as an accepted Irish national flag. 1919 – First officially adopted. On 21 January 1919, the first meeting of the Irish Parliament (Dáil Éireann) took place in the Mansion House in Dublin where an independent Irish Republic was declared and a Provisional Constitution along with the flag was adopted. Along with that, the Irish War of Independence also began on this day and lasted until a truce was agreed on 11 July 1921. 1922 – First internationally recognized. The flag was adopted as the national flag with the establishment of the Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann) on 6 December, 1922. When the Constitution of the Irish Free State came into force on the same day, it made no mention of the national flag although it was depicted on the front cover. 1937 – First constitutionally recognized. The present Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann), the second one since independence, came into force on 29 December 1937. In the constitution, Article 7 states that: “The national flag is the tricolour of green, white and orange”. As a matter if interest, the flag of the Netherlands was also constitutionally recognized in the same year, despite being originally used since the 16th century. 1955 – First wide international exposure. The Irish flag got its first wide international exposure when Ireland eventually joined the UN on 14 December 1955, 10 years after the organisation was founded. Ireland applied to join at the beginning but due to Cold War politics was denied membership by the Soviet Union who vetoed Ireland's application in August 1946. 1990 – First great display of the tricolour in Ireland. Ireland made their World Cup debut at Italia 90 and even managed to reach the quarter finals in a showdown against the host nation Italy. For the first time Irish tricolours were flown by everyone and the island was a sea of flags. (More in the next article) 1998 – First great celebration of the tricolour. Celebrations marked the 150th anniversary of the unveiling of the Irish tricolour in Waterford city by Thomas Francis Meagher. 1998 was also the year that the Good Friday Agreement was signed and in an effort to foster peace and unity, the Irish government officially discouraged the use of "unofficial flags" i.e. flags containing a golden stripe rather than an orange one. 2013 – First endorsement by Oireachtas of the flag protocol. In 2013 Seanad Éireann (Upper House) endorsed the protocol governing the national Flag on the 165th anniversary of the displaying of the Irish Flag.
1990 FIFA World Cup - Italia ‘90 The 1990 World Cup in Italy signalled the birth of a new post-conflict Irish identity. International football collided with the Irish identity as Ireland made their World Cup debut at Italia 90 and even managed to reach the quarter finals in a showdown against the host nation Italy. For the first time Irish tricolours were flown by everyone and the island was a sea of flags. The year 1990 saw a rise in nationalism and patriotism throughout Europe and Ireland was no exception. For the first time Irish tricolours were flown and seen everywhere as there was a mass collective 3
excitement. There are many iconic pictures of the welcoming that the Irish football team received when returning back to Ireland. It is interesting to note that in the “sea of tricolours”, three different types can be identified – one featuring an orange stripe, a golden stripe and a red stripe. It does not take a genius to realise that the latter was the Italian flag, but why the golden stripe?
Gold has always featured in Irish symbolism, most notably on the harp which is the reason why many have and still use tricolours with gold stripes to this day. There is no problem in using gold to symbolise Ireland, there is a problem however to use it on the tricolour. Orange and not gold is one of the official colours on the flag (written in Article 7 of the Constitution) and represents the Unionist/Protestant tradition in the north population. The use of gold on the tricolour has for a long time been associated with separatism. The Irish government officially discourages the use of "unofficial flags" since the Good Friday Agreement was signed in 1998 in an effort to foster peace and unity.
1966 Easter Rising Commemorations The 50th Anniversary of the Easter Rising was celebrated on Easter Sunday, 10 April 1966. Dublin was a sea of flags with tricolours and orange and green flags flying all over the city. There are 150 flag poles along both sides of the river Liffey in Dublin which are placed in pairs. For this reason, white was not included and only the colours green and orange were flown side by side, much like they were in 1830 for the welcoming of Daniel O’Connell.
The year was eventful in other ways as well - Nelson’s Pillar was blown up in March, a month before the commemorations and the “Irish Republic” flag was returned by the British Government after having been stored at the Imperial War Museum in London. It has been suggested that these commemorations led to the outbreak of “The Troubles” in 1969 in Northern Ireland as it renewed an interest in physical violence. However research undertaken by UCD and Queen’s University (2007) as part of a cross-border project have shown that this was not the case. 4
1916 “Irish Republic” Flag On April 24, 1916, a flag with the inscription “Irish Republic” was hoisted alongside the Irish tricolour over the General Post Office (GPO) in Dublin during the 1916 Easter Rising as a proclamation of the Irish Republic. The flag was made by Mary Shannon at the headquarters of the Irish Citizen Army (ICA) in Liberty Hall. As was argued in our book Flagging Ireland (2015): “Although it was a beautiful flag, the tricolour prevailed because flags by nature are graphic symbols and that is where their strength lies”.
A guest staying in the Metropole Hotel took a rare photograph of the flag flying on the south-eastern corner of the GPO, where there is now a Penneys (Primark). The flag miraculously flew during the days of fighting and even survived the bombardment and the fire that destroyed the GPO. It was most likely removed by British troops after the rebel’s surrender on Sunday, 30 April. There are two photographs of British soldiers holding the flag upside down as war trophies at the base of Parnell monument on O’Connell Street in Dublin which can be seen above. After the events, the flag was placed in the Imperial War Museum in London. In 1966 it was presented to the Irish government on the 50th Anniversary of the Rising by the British government. Since then it has been on display at the National Museum of Ireland – Decorative Arts and History (Collins Barracks). The flag features a green field with the inscription "Irish Republic" written in white and yellow (gold) letters in the form of Gaelic script. It measures 4 feet 3 inches by 5 feet 6 inches and has partial damage. As a matter of interest, on 3 June 2015, members of the 1916 Societies reenacted the raising of the flags over the GPO by raising the Irish Republic flag along with the Irish tricolour over the Northern Ireland Assembly buildings at Stormont in Belfast. This act was of course met with anger from the Unionists and was highly condemned.
1916 Irish Tricolour Sean MacDiarmada, secretary of the Irish Republican Brotherhood was responsible for making the tricolour that flew over the GPO in 1916. When the tricolour was delivered to the GPO on 24 April 1916, it was discovered that the colours were arranged in the wrong way and so the flag had to be quickly unstitched and the colours rearranged. When the GPO was captured by British troops, the tricolour was taken by Sergeant Tommy Davis of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers. Three months after the Rising he returned back home to 5
Lisburn, Co. Antrim where he was looked after by his doctor. Upon his death in 1922 he passed the flag to him who in turn gave it to his son-in-law, Captain Samuel Waring. After that in 1951, the flag was passed on to the family of John Sweetman, an Irish nationalist and co-founder of Sinn Féin. The tricolour was put up for auction in 2010 at a price between €500-700,000 but did not sell. In 2011 it was given on loan to the American Irish Historical Society (AIHS). It is currently still on loan and will play a vital role in the American commemorations of the Centenary this year. The flag is made of Irish linen and measures 74 x 159cm.
1848 – Year of Flags and Revolutions On a visit to study the revolutionary events in France after the “February Revolution” in 1848, Thomas Francis Meagher returned to Ireland with the tricolour that had been given to him by French women who were sympathetic to the Irish cause. He first flew the flag from the “Wolfe Tone Confederate Club” at no. 33, The Mall, in Waterford City. Today commemorative Plaques can be found on the building, including one of Thomas himself (photographs below). Here is a short story of the man who is credited with the Irish flag: On 29 July 1848, spurred on by the February Revolution and the Irish Famine, Meagher took part in the failed “Young Irelander Rebellion” in Ballingarry, Co Tipperary. He was subsequently arrested, tried for high treason and originally sentenced to death but then sent for life to Van Dieman’s Land (Tasmania). In 1952 he escaped to America, taking part in the American Civil war and becoming a US army General in the Irish 69th Infantry Regiment (New York). Afterwards he became the first Governor of Montana and is today hailed as a hero by both the state of Montana and the US. In 1963, when John F. Kennedy visited Ireland, he presented the Dáil (Irish Lower House) during his speech, the restored second battle flag of the 69th New York Regiment.
Apart from Ireland, did you know that other European countries also first unveiled their flags in 1848? The Year of Revolutions brought a lot of new flags on the scene. A large number of national flags were first flown, used in a cause or adopted in 1848. It is important to remember that flags are not people - they do not have an exact “birthday” that we can go by. Take the Irish flag as an example, in 1848 the idea of an Irish tricolour was not new and there are mentions of them in 1830 and 1844, however it was in 1848 that the flag was properly introduced and recognised. Therefore the year 1848 can be seen as not the “birth” of many European flags, but rather as an important milestone in their development. Here is a list of other European nations to whom 1848 is also important: Germany – The German flag gained prominence in the 1848 amongst revolutionaries all across the German-speaking lands. The flag was first adopted on 9 March 1848 by Germany’s first freely elected parliament - the Frankfurt Parliament. By 1850 attempts at unifying the German lands failed and so did the parliament, consequently the flag fell out of use until 1919 when it was readopted with the establishment of the Weimar Republic. After the Second World War it was readopted again on 23 May 1949, just over 100 years after the original adoption. Slovakia – The first Slovak flags appeared in 1848 with different variations. Initially there were only two colours – white and red, but by August 1848 blue was added in honour of the Russian and Croatian flags. Russia was seen as 6
the protector of the Slavs and Croatia as the sister nation inside of Hungary. Slovakia adopted the Hungarian coat of arms but replaced the green with blue. This was symbolic of the fact that the Slovaks fought on the side of Austria in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 as they wished to be separate from Hungary but still within the Austrian Empire. Hungary – The Hungarian flag was first used during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. The pattern was based on the French Tricolore while the colours derive from the coat of arms which dates back centuries. The red, white and green Hungarian flag has remained essentially unchanged since 1848, apart from the different coat of arms that have been placed on it. The current flag was adopted on 1 October 1957, a year after the failed Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Ukraine – The flag of Ukraine was first flown in 1848 over the town hall (Rathaus) in the western town of Lviv, when it was known by its German name “Lemberg” and was part of the Austrian province of Galicia. The colours are believed to have derived from the coat of arms of Lviv which features a golden lion on a blue field and dates back to the 13th century. A banner of the arms was adopted by the first Ukrainian political organization, the Supreme Ruthenian Council (Головна Руська рада) in 1848. Romania – The Romanian flag gained prominence during the Revolution and was first adopted on 26 June 1848. The pattern was based on the French Tricolore while the colours were taken from the arms of the principalities of Moldavia (red and blue) and Walachia (red and yellow) – the two provinces that made up Romania in the Ottoman Empire. For a number of years a horizontal tricolour was used until 1866 when a new constitution came into effect which reinstated the original flag and defined it. The current form was adopted on 27 December 1989. Luxembourg - The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg was created at the Congress of Vienna in 1815 and was brought into personal union with the Netherlands until 1890. Despite the Dutch connection, the Luxembourgian flag was not based on the Dutch flag, but rather on the coat of arms of the Dukes of Luxembourg that dates back to the 13th century. Before 1830 Luxembourg did not have a flag. In 1848 it was first defined as a horizontal tricolour of red, white and blue but was not officially adopted until 1972 along with the “Civil Ensign”. Slovenia - The Slovenian flag was first flown from 8 Wolf Street (Wolfova Ulica) in Ljubljana on 7 April 1848 by Slovene nationalist and poet Lovro Toman as a response to the flying of the German flag over Ljubljana Castle (picture on the left). The flag was a simple tricolour and used the Pan-Slavic colours of white, blue and red - like the Russian flag. However, the colours originated from the coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola (Vojvodina Kranjska) that dates back to the 13th century. 7 April is now celebrated as the national flag day of Slovenia every year. Switzerland – The Swiss flag was confirmed when Switzerland became a federal state on 12 September 1848, as the federal constitution was adopted. This was done following the 1847 Swiss Civil War (Sonderbundskrieg) when the Swiss army saw its last fighting. Although the constitution did not name a national flag, it did prescribe the Swiss flag for troops in federal service. The flag was officially adopted on 12 December 1889, the same year as Brazil’s flag.
The Irish Flag, the Easter Rising and Europe The Irish flag is of European extraction – having been brought over from France and based on the French tricolour pattern, with the same 1:2 proportions as the British flag and the colour orange coming originally from the Netherlands. Despite these European origins, most people in Ireland do not see the European links.
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As an island we can sometimes suffer from an insular view of our history. We forget about the events that have occurred in Europe and fail to realise how they are directly connected to us. Any major events in Irish history have usually coincided with wider European conflicts Battle of the Boyne in 1690, the Young Irelander Rebellion 1848 and the Easter Rising in 1916. The Irish tricolour was first unveiled during the “Year of Revolutions” in Europe and became accepted as a unifying Irish flag during the European-centered “Great War”. 1848 and 1915 are important dates in European history, not only Irish history. Apart from Ireland, many other European countries introduced or adopted flags in 1848, such as Germany, Luxembourg, Hungary, Romania, Ukraine, Slovenia and Slovakia. The Irish tricolour was first used in a cause in 1915 when it was draped over the coffin of Jeremiah O'Donovan Rossa. His funeral was of great significance as it unified the republican movement and ultimately led to the Easter Rising less than a year later. 1915 was also the year when King George V gave permission to British citizens to fly the Union Jack on land because as the name suggests, the flag was originally adopted as a maritime flag. The Easter Rising helped Ireland to gain its eventual independence but it also facilitated in dividing it, in more ways than one. The centenary of the Easter Rising provides the perfect moment to rid the Irish tricolour of any baggage that has still remained. The occasion allows for much needed reconciliation and healing of divisions, both south and north of the border. In Northern Ireland the year 1916 has always had two different associations – for Unionists it is the Battle of the Somme and for Republicans it is the Easter Rising. Even in the Republic of Ireland many view the War as separate from the Rising, something that impedes proper understanding of events. The First World War led to the collapse of four monarchies – Russian, German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman. Ireland’s eventual independence from an Empire was not a lone European case. Starting next year and continuing into the following year, European countries will be marking their own centenaries and the 100 years since the collapse of imposed monarchical and imperial rule. Ireland has its own history but it is not much different to the history of other European nations. In light of the “Brexit Referendum” in the United Kingdom, it would do Ireland a lot of good to embrace the European identity and see its wider role and participation in European history. Ireland is European and always has been, despite what some people on this island and the neighbouring one like to think.
New Zealand Flag Talk The New Zealand Ireland Association recently held its 30th annual “Waitangi dinner”. In light of the New Zealand flag debate, the organisation invited CEO of Vexillology Ireland, Stan Zamyatin to give a talk on flags and the upcoming second flag referendum (3-24 March 2016). His talk provided an opportunity for the audience to reflect on the upcoming flag referendum in NZ and what it means to the country and the individuals.
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The dinner saw over 50 members of the Kiwi community in Ireland gather at the Fitzpatrick Castle Hotel in Killiney, Dublin on 6 February to celebrate New Zealand’s National Day – Waitangi Day. The day commemorates the first signing of New Zealand's founding document – the Treaty at Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi) in 1840 which made the area officially a British colony. Following the signing of the treaty, the Union Jack replaced the flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand as the official flag of New Zealand. The current national flag of New Zealand was designed in 1869 and used on colonial ships, after the “Colonial Naval Defence Act of 1865”, which said that all ships owned by a colonial government must fly the “Blue Ensign” with the badge of the colony on it. Although it was officially adopted on 24 March 1902, the British flag was still used quite commonly until the 1950’s, after the country became fully independent in 1947. The first call for a new national New Zealand flag came in 1979 with the National MP and Minister of Internal Affairs, Allan Highet. In 2014 the Prime Minsiter John Key announced that there would be two flag referendums, one of which has already taken place last year. Between 3 and 24 March 2016, New Zealanders will be asked to vote to either change the flag to the “Blue Silver Fern” flag or keep the status quo. Here is of Vexillology Ireland’s list of ‘for’ and ‘against’ arguments for changing the flag: Arguments For: The national flag is a relic of the colonial past and does not represent the new independent and diverse New Zealand, this is why there should be a new flag in order to reflect this new reality. The people who fought and died for New Zealand, died for their country and not the flag. Those servicemen and women are buried in cemeteries across the world with the silver fern engraved on their headstones, not the national flag. There cannot be much pride in having another nation’s flag on your own, especially when that flag looks very similar to the flag of your neighbour. The Australian and Kiwi flags get constantly mixed up and it is the smaller nation of New Zealand that is usually the victim of the mix up. The country needs a flag that is unique, creative and automatically recognised by people all around the world. 26 million dollars have been spent but that has been due to the democratic process of postal voting which has allowed the public to have the decision rather than the parliament. This is an opportunity that must not be wasted or lost. Arguments Against: Changing the national flag is a big deal, especially for New Zealand because many other emblems use versions of the national flag. Therefore if the New Zealand flag is changed, then the Naval, Civil, Air Force and Civil Air Ensigns would also have to be changed as they use the national flag as a template. In addition, the national coat of arms would also have to be changed as the female supporter holds up the current national flag. The flag might look similar to the Australian flag, but this is simply a reflection of the friendship and shared history between the two nations, this is also why there is no problem in having the Union Jack on the flag- as it acknowledges our colonial past and our present connection to the British monarchy. Around 29,000 New Zealanders have died in battles under the flag since WW I, by changing the flag you are disrespecting the sacrifice they made. From the beginning, there was never much support for changing the flag, therefore these two flag referendums have been a waste of time and money.
New Northern Ireland Flag Report Our friend Dominic Bryan from Queen’s Institute of Irish Studies in Belfast, along with his colleague Paul Nolan has recently launched a new report entitled “Flags: Towards a New Understanding” (17 February 2016). The report provides a set of guidelines that is hoped will give a framework for groups trying to agree on how to display flags in their local areas. The report recommends that flags only be flown to mark important events such as 12 July for Unionists and St. Patrick’s Day for Republicans. Consent should be given by community members before any flags can go up in the area and any “unofficially flags” should stay up for no more than two weeks. In addition, the report 9
believes that the Union Jack should only be flown from council buildings on the designated 18 days during the year, like the rest of the UK. In an interview with Ireland’s main broadcaster RTE, this is what Dominic had to say: “The key to what we are recommending is that people have the right to express their political identity and that is very important. However, equally important is to treat flags and emblems with respect and at the moment in Northern Ireland flags and emblems are not treated with respect. They either go tatty or dirty on lampposts or they’re burned on bonfires and we would like to see real political effort from a whole load of political organisations to try and get treating symbols with respect at the core of what we do”. Creating peace and understanding when it comes to flag flying is not only a social and cultural incentive, but also a financial one. After Belfast City Council voted to limit the flying of the Union Jack on top of City Hall in 2012, mass protests erupted which cost a total of £21.9 million for policing. On the second anniversary of the vote on 3 December 2014, Dominic co-published a report “The Flag Dispute - Anatomy of a Protest” (co-funded by the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade) which looked at the origins of the protest and the way in which it developed. The report found that a pamphlet distributed 40,000 times by DUP and the UUP warning about the limiting of flag flying days had a profound effect on the protests and only inflamed unionist and loyalist anger. It would in the interest of everyone if both sides of the political divide learn to respect each other’s emblems, even if they go against one another. Vexillology Ireland promotes peace and reconciliation between both sides and advocates for mutual respect for flags and emblems, even if that means the flying of less flags.
Flagging Ireland Still on Sale There are still some copies left of our publication ‘Flagging Ireland’ (August 2015). The 52-page full colour publication was edited by Stan Zamyatin and includes contributions by vexillologists such as Graham Bartram, Philip Tibbetts, Ted Kaye and Charles A. Spain, Jr. Like so many of the Society’s other initiatives, this is Ireland’s first guidebook on flags. It explores the cultural meaning and heritage associated with flags and emblems in Ireland, north and south. The price of the book is €10 + €2 p&p. Make sure you get a from familyhistory.ie
VIBE Spring Newsletter 2016 The VIBE Spring Newsletter will be out in April/May 2016. If you would like to write a short piece on something related to flags, please send an email to bratachaeire@gmail.com. Go raibh míle maith agaibh!
Further Contact Email: bratachaeire@gmail.com Address: Genealogical Society of Ireland, 11, Desmond Avenue, Dún Laoghaire, Co. Dublin, Ireland. A96 AD76 Vexillology Ireland : Brateolaíocht Éireann Website: https://flagsireland.wordpress.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Flags.Ireland Twitter: https://twitter.com/flagsireland
Heraldry Ireland : Araltas Éireann Website: http://heraldryireland.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Heraldry.Ireland/ Twitter: https://twitter.com/HeraldryIreland
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