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Official publication of the Georgia Urban Agriculture Council
Board of Directors
Mario Cambardella
ServeScape
Pam Dooley
Plants Creative Landscapes
Jonathan Gillespie Yardsy
Jay Griffin
Central Turf & Irrigation
Jennifer Jorge King Green
Jim McCutcheon
HighGrove Partners
Randy Moody SiteOne
Ken Morrow
The Turfgrass Group
Jeff Walters
Outdoor Expressions
Ex Officio
Bodie Pennisi
UGA Extension Horticulturist
Clint Waltz
UGA Extension Turf Agronomist
Staff
Mary Kay Woodworth
Executive Director
Kathy Johnson
Marketing Director & Editor
A member of:
American Hort
Atlanta Botanical Garden
Georgia Arborist Association
Georgia Association of Water Professionals
Georgia Tree Council
Georgia Water Alliance
National Association of Landscape Professionals
National Initiative for Consumer Horticulture
Nursery & Landscape Association Executives
RISE (Responsible Industry for a Sound Environment)
Seasonal Employment Alliance
Georgia Urban Ag Council
2566 Shallowford Rd, Ste 104 - Box 117
Atlanta GA 30345
Phone: 706.750.0350
Fax: 404.900.9194
Email: office@georgiauac.com
Web: urbanagcouncil.com
All contents copyright 2025
NEWS 5 Executive Director message 6 LPU Atlanta Schedule, speakers, credits, travel, registration
16 New UAC board members New year brings new faces
17 2024-2025 NALP board Three UAC members included
18 What did you miss? UAC dinner on Woodstock Arts Green
19 What did you miss? Annual UAC sporting clays tournament
20 LPU Coastal We're coming to coastal Georgia, South Carolina & Florida
21 Have you met... Madison Turner, GLM Landscape Supply
22 GALA 2024 Judges' Choice award winner/2025 deadlines
24 Pest 411 Carpenter bees
28 Health & benefits Substance abuse in the workplace 30 What the tech? Maintaining a good social media reputation 32 Save the date
66 Directory of advertisers
34 Intro to time management How to get started 36 The benefits of resin-bound surfacing A sustainable solution 38 The science and the art Getting estimating right 40 Aim low Getting more done with manageable goals
42 A devastating weather combination Hurricane Helen
44 UGA Hurricane Impact Report Preliminary estimate of losses
46 Costly Hurricane Helene Plant damage in greenhouse production
48 2025 at the State Capitol Will it be déjà vu all over again?
50 GrowPAC Thank you to our donors!
51 GrowPAC "Together we Grow"
52 Walking the Last Mile To Recovery UAC supports GA DOL program
53 Cobalt St. Augustinegrass Resilient and low maintenance
54 Landscape water conservation No longer a unicorn
55 New UGA hire Heather Kirk-Ballard joins UGA horticulture department
URBAN AG
56 Evergreen solutions Great evergreens make great fences
58 Being walked all over What it takes to survive as a turfgrass
60 The beauty and benefits of beebalm Monarda's excellence
64 Does fertilizer go bad? Understanding shelf life and storage
2024 was another whirlwind year for our industry. There were many changes in the “landscape” as it seemed that, weekly, news of a new merger, sale or acquisition surfaced. In September, Three Point Group’s Jeff Harkness gave an outstanding presentation to our members, where he spoke about the reasons for the increased activity, and highlighted the pros, cons, and some pitfalls of moving through the process.
What will 2025 bring? We wish we had a crystal ball and could tell you! Despite ongoing inflation and interest rate uncertainty, the economy is growing — and the landscape industry overall has remained resilient. What’s more, there seems to be hope for some interest rate relief which will hopefully relieve some pressure.
According to Aspire, the landscaping services sector has blossomed into an economic force, projected to swell to $182.76 billion in revenue by 2025. With such fertile ground for growth, over 1.3 million landscapers and groundskeepers make their living maintaining outdoor spaces for residential and commercial clients nationwide.
As the landscaping market grows, so do the challenges facing companies operating in this labor-intensive industry. A recent survey revealed that 72% of businesses cited labor availability and retention as the overwhelming barrier to growth. Economic conditions (43%) represented the next highest concern but trailed far behind workforce issues.
Landscape Pro University 2025 is scheduled for January 29, and we anticipate a great crowd receiving outstanding education, and a networking opportunity for contractors and suppliers with the tradeshow at the conference.
February 28, we’ll travel to UGA Griffin for the Estimating Success workshop with Envisor Consulting pros Ben Gandy and Ken Thomas, and then head to Savannah on March 7 for Landscape Pro University –Coastal at the Georgia Tech Savannah campus. March 25 brings us back to Magnolia Hall at Piedmont Park, for the GALA (Georgia Landscape Awards) celebration and banquet, emceed again by WSB Radio’s Ashley Frasca. We hope you're busy getting your projects ready to enter (see page 23 for the deadlines). Complete information and online entry forms are on our website: urbanagcouncil.com/gala-georgia-landscape-awards.
If you have ANY questions about entering GALA, do not hesitate to reach out to us!
Dr. Richard Ludwig and Eric King, King Landscaping will be the speakers for our annual spring dinner on April 15 at Topiary Courtyard: Sustainability for your designs, practices, AND bottom line.
More events will be added throughout the year, including the annual UAC Sporting Clays Tournament on October 30 and the November Sod Producers Field Day (date to be determined).
We will continue our partnership with NALP in promoting workforce development by participating in the SkillsUSA career booth this June, at the Georgia World Congress Center. This is made possible by the active participation of our members, who have volunteered in the career booth and generously donated products, landscape materials, and swag. Your involvement is integral to the success of this event!
Finally, we are very excited to announce new additions to the UAC Board of Directors: Mario Cambardella, ServeScape; Jonathan Gillespie, Yardsy; Jay Griffin, Central Turf & Irrigation Supply; Jim McCutcheon, HighGrove Partners; Randy Moody, SiteOne Landscape Supply; and Jeff Walters, Outdoor Expressions, who are introduced on pages 16 - 17 of this issue. We look forward to 2025 strategic planning sessions with this group, where they will set the direction for UAC for 2025 and beyond! We thank the exiting board members Matt Lowe, Josh Morrow, Bob Scott and Ron White and greatly appreciate previous board members Pam Dooley, Jennifer Jorge and Ken Morrow for continuing to serve on the UAC Board!
Mary Kay Woodworth | Executive Director
> ALABAMA: If attending the full day: OTPC 0 10
> GCSAA: Self reporting: If attending the full day: .60 education points
> GEORGIA: If attending the full day: Cat 24 - 5 hours; Cat 41 - 5 hours
> GCLP: Self reporting: 1 hour credit for each hour in class.
> ISA: See course descriptions for specific credits
> NCLCLB: See course descriptions for specific credits
> MISSISSIPPI: If attending the full day: Commercial: III, VII(3), VIII; Professional Services: HCP, MBF, HCW
> SOUTH CAROLINA: 5 credits available if four total sessions across the Agronomics, Hort/Tree and Mosquito/Pest Control tracks are taken. Must select specific credit desired: Cat 3-6, Cat 3-5, Cat 7A - 1.5 or Cat 8 - 4.5
7:30 AM - 4:15 PM
GA PESTICIDE | GA Pesticide License Review
This complete 4-session track will prepare applicants for the Georgia Pesticide License General Standards and Category 24 license test.
Instructors: Eric Marlowe & Rob Trawick, UGA Extension ANR Agents
7:30 AM - 9:00 AM
CAT 41 MOSQUITO | Mosquito Biology and Behavior
This session will focus on the importance of learning mosquito biology as part of a multi-pronged approach to mosquito suppression. This approach will be focused on an Integrated Pest Management-based mosquito suppression program. The information provided will include details about all four mosquito life stages: eggs, larvae, pupae and adults and how to best manage each. Some of the most common pest species will be discussed as well as the diseases that they can transmit.
Instructor: Elmer W. Gray, UGA Public Health Extension Specialist
CREDITS: ISA: Certified Arborist: 1.5; Utility Specialist:1.5; BCMA - Practice: 1.5; TW Climber Specialist: 1.5; TW Aerial Lift Specialist: 1.5
AGRONOMICS | Common Turfgrass Weeds and Management
The presentation will cover basic weed science principles specific to turfgrass systems. It will progress to weed characteristics (e.g. morphology) that can make herbicide control options difficult, then offer integrated strategies to manage problematic weed species.
Instructor: Dr. Clint Waltz, UGA Extension Specialist, Turfgrass
CREDITS: NCLCLB: Landscape: 1.5
HORT/TREECARE | Ornamental Pest Issues in the Landscape: ID, Diagnosis and Control
Every season brings new challenges to the landscape. We’ll discuss what to look for: disease, ID, control.
Instructors: Dr. Bethany Harris, UGA Center for Urban Agriculture Director & Rob Trawick, UGA Cobb Extension
CREDITS: ISA: Certified Arborist: 1.5; Utility Specialist: 1.5; BCMA - Science: 1.5; TW Climber Specialist: 1.5; TW Aerial Lift Specialist: 1.5; NCLCLB: Landscape: 1.5
BUSINESS | The ELITE Formula
As the influx of outside capital and investors continues to shape the landscape of the green industry, it becomes crucial to identify the characteristics, metrics, and intangible factors that define an “elite” company. What are the hallmarks of a top-performing company in this space, and how can these elements be strategically leveraged to optimize value creation?
Instructor: Jeff Harkness, 3PG Consulting
CREDITS: ISA: Certified Arborist: 1.5; BCMA - Management: 1.5
IRRIGATION/LIGHTING | Irrigation Planning: From Sketch to Scheduling
It’s time to design your irrigation system. Learn how to do this efficiently and correctly!
Instructor: Bobby Jackson, The Toro Company, Irrigation & Lighting Division
HARDSCAPES | BioSoils and Pond Management
Hulen and Herrin will discuss application, soil structures, construction and benefits of bioretention ponds, and pond management.
Instructors: Clayton Hulen, SiteOne & James Herrin, UGA Extension ANR Agent
" I'm happy to represent the UGA Cooperative Extension Service on the program of the Landscape Pro University. I look forward to sharing my knowledge and experiences about mosquito biology and control with the LPU participants.
In today's society, it is more important than ever that applicators have a thorough understanding of mosquito biology and the premises of an Integrated Pest Management approach to mosquito control. By being better informed, applicators will be more confident in their knowledge and work. This knowledge and confidence will be obvious to their clients and helpful whether dealing with the public or the media.
Being a commercial applicator myself in SC and NC, I truly appreciate the opportunity to speak to other applicators and spend the day at Landscape Pro University."
Register online today! urbanagcouncil.com/landscape-pro-university
SPANISH IRRIGATION | Sistema de Riego de Dos Hilos...Solución de Problemas - Se Imparte en Español
Esta clase le proporcionará los conocimientos y habilidades esenciales para diagnosticar y resolver problemas comunes en estos eficientes sistemas de dos hilos. Aprenda sobre los fundamentos de la tecnología de dos hilos, identifique posibles problemas y adquiera experiencia en técnicas de solución de problemas.
Two-Wire Irrigation System...Troubleshooting - Taught in Spanish
This class will provide you with the essential knowledge and skills to diagnose and resolve common problems in these efficient two-wire systems. Learn about the fundamentals of two-wire technology, identify potential problems, and gain experience in troubleshooting techniques.
Instructor: Juan Perez, Rain Bird
9:15 AM - 10:45 AM
CAT 41 MOSQUITO | Mosquito Control – An Integrated Pest Management Approach
The mosquito control session will focus on the multi-pronged aspect of an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) approach to mosquito suppression. We will discuss the primary tenets of Education, Source Reduction, Surveillance, Larviciding and Adulticiding in detail. Information will focus on the need to understand the biology of mosquitoes to know where to look for larval habitats. We’ll discuss the importance of surveillance as a program becomes more refined or if the pest problem is persistent. If a larval habitat can not be modified or eliminated a variety of EPA approved larvicides are available. We’ll discuss the advantages of specific formulations for different habitats. A variety of adulticide application techniques will also be discussed with a focus on the more targeted, residual spray applications that are most common in our region.
Instructor: Elmer W. Gray, UGA Public Health Extension Specialist
AGRONOMICS | Biological Control in Turfgrass Diseases: Current status, Latest Research and Future
This session will address in detail the concepts, basics, and general mechanisms of biocontrol and their relevance on turfgrass disease control. Special emphasis will be given in new biocontrol strategies, organisms used and commercial availability. The presentation will describe recent research performed in turfgrass settings using biocontrol strategies and the implications and considerations for the future.
Instructor: Dr. Alfredo Martinez, UGA Extension Plant Pathologist
CREDITS: NCLCLB: Landscape: 1.5
HORT/TREECARE | Dealing with Adversity in the Landscape
Landscape plants must cope with many environmental realities on both points of the extreme - heat, cold, drought, flood - and much else besides. Nutritional imbalances can complicate things even further. How can we help our plants handle it all? It starts with understanding the stressors, plant growth, and the symptoms exhibited. Best management is prevention; and the old rule “right plant, right place” should be extended to include the new and improved varieties. Customer education is another key to success.
Instructor: Dr. Bodie Pennisi, UGA Vincent J. Dooley Endowed Chair of Ornamental Horticulture
CREDITS: ISA: Certified Arborist: 1.5; Utility Specialist:1.5; BCMA - Practice: 1.5; TW Climber Specialist: 1.5; TW Aerial Lift Specialist: 1.5; NCLCLB: Landscape: 1.5
BUSINESS | Organizational Development: How to Scale Your Business
Why is it that some companies grow to market leadership while others get stuck along the way? Only a small portion of landscape companies grow beyond a million dollars and of the ones that do, most get stuck never realizing their business dreams. In this presentation Envisor Consulting will share insights around organizational development learned through the lens of business ownership and business consulting throughout the country.
Instructors: Ken Thomas & Ben Gandy, Envisor Consulting
CREDITS: ISA: Certified Arborist: 1.5; BCMA - Management: 1.5; NCLCLB: Business: 1.5
IRRIGATION/LIGHTING | Two Wire Irrigation…Trouble Shooting
Diagnosis, trouble-shooting and repair two-wire irrigation systems.
Instructors: Kevin Rinschler, Rain Bird
HARDSCAPES | Porcelain…It’s Not Tile, It’s a Paver
Comprehensive learning experience for professionals interested in mastering the art of installing porcelain pavers.
Instructors: Giovani Ricetti & Aida Ricetti, Hardscape.com
SPANISH IRRIGATION | Riego WiFi...Controles Avanzados - Se Imparte en Español
¡Manténgase conectado a su sistema de riego con el poder del WiFi! Esta clase le presentará las últimas tecnologías de riego WiFi, permitiéndole monitorear y controlar su sistema de forma remota. Aprenda a configurar controladores habilitados para WiFi, acceder a datos en tiempo real y utilizar funciones avanzadas como ajustes basados en el clima y programación.
WiFi Irrigation...Advanced Controls - Taught in Spanish
Stay connected to your irrigation system with the power of WiFi! This class will introduce you to the latest WiFi irrigation technologies, allowing you to monitor and control your system remotely. Learn how to configure WiFi-enabled controllers, access real-time data, and use advanced features like weather-based adjustments and scheduling.
Instructor: Juan Perez , Rain Bird
1:00 PM- 2:30 PM
CAT 41 MOSQUITO | Don’t Label Me - Pesticide selection, use, safety and more Pesticide use 101 - all you need to know.
Instructor: Julie Fogg, SiteOne
AGRONOMICS | Integrating Biological Controls and Fungicide Programming for Diseases in the Landscape
So, you have an idea of what biological controls are available for use in the landscape, but do you know what happens to them once applied? When is the best time to apply a biological control versus new fungicide chemistries for use in the landscape? This presentation will outline recent research at Clemson University highlighting bacterial-based biological controls used in the turfgrass market and how they influence turfgrass diseases. We will also examine some old and new fungicides for controlling common diseases of landscape turf, when to apply them, and recent efficacy data from university trials.
Instructor: Dr. Joe Roberts, Clemson University
CREDITS: NCLCLB: Landscape: 1.5 Register online today! urbanagcouncil.com/landscape-pro-university
“Invest in yourself - become the expert your customers trust. Grow your knowledge, master your craft, and transform landscapes with the industry best practices you learn at Landscape Pro University.”
DR. BODIE PENNISI
Professor & Vincent J. Dooley Endowed Chair of Ornamental Horticulture, University of Georgia
We will discuss technical winter pruning to prepare your customers’ ornamental trees and shrubs for spring and summer. We will also touch on fertilizing and growth inhibitors.
Instructor: Rick Smith, The Pruning Guru
CREDITS: ISA: Certified Arborist: 1.5; Utility Specialist: 1.5; BCMA - Practice: 1.5; TW Climber Specialist: 1.5; TW Aerial Lift Specialist: 1.5; NCLCLB: Landscape: 1.5
As a business owner, your maximum ROI on your people and equipment is achieved through field-level efficiency. Successful companies are learning to do more with less - not by working harder, but working smarter. With labor rising and pricing fixed, it is getting harder and harder to make a dime! In this presentation, learn the secrets to maximizing your field-level productivity through the lens of LEAN. LEAN is a body of knowledge originated at Toyota Motors that is centered on identifying and eliminating waste in your operations. Learn the basics of developing property attack plans, path of motion maps and Gannt charts that will form the basis for positive and sustainable improvements in field productivity.
Instructors: Ken Thomas & Ben Gandy, Envisor Consulting
RICK SMITH President, The Pruning Guru Inc.
GCLP # 129
"I’m so excited that the 2025 Landscape Pro University Expo is right around the corner, with some great speakers and exhibits to increase your knowledge from professionals who have been in the industry for years.
My name is Rick Smith, the owner of The Pruning Guru Inc., which I started 23 years ago. I received my knowledge from working at Post Properties for 15 years (1982 to 1997). For some of the younger folks who may not have heard of Post Properties, they were the "elite of the elite" when it came to training their employees on every aspect of the landscape industry. What I learned from working there was invaluable. Pruning was one of my fortes and I used that knowledge to start The Pruning Guru.
CREDITS: ISA: Certified Arborist: 1.5; BCMA - Management: 1.5; NCLCLB: Business: 1.5 Register online today! urbanagcouncil.com/landscape-pro-university
In addition, becoming a Georgia Certified Landscape Professional was a feather in my cap. I would highly recommend that certification for you and/or your employees.
My point of mentioning all of this is to say that I love to teach how to prune ornamental trees and shrubs. I’m hoping to see you in my "Pruning with a Purpose" class. I will discuss technical winter pruning to prepare your customers’ ornamental trees and shrubs for spring and summer. We will also touch on fertilizers and growth inhibitors.
I’m looking forward to running into everyone at the 2025 Landscape Pro University Expo, whether it’s in class or cruising through the exhibits."
IRRIGATION/LIGHTING | Advanced Communication for Irrigation Controls
Join us and get your questions answered about Remote Connectivity to your Irrigation systems. In this class we will discuss current technologies used for communicating with irrigation controls, i.e., WiFi, cellular, ethernet, and LoRa radio. We will also touch on the “Cloud,” site surveys, and site requirements for successful connections.
Instructor: Dirk Hessman, Hunter Industries
HARDSCAPES | Permeable and Alternative Surfaces for Hardscapes
Innovative solutions for contractors and specifiers will be discussed.
Instructor: Donna Jones, Ace Resin
SPANISH HARDSCAPE | Instalación adecuada de pavimentación y muro de contención
Proper Paving and Retaining Wall Installation
Instructor: Michael Tous, The Paver Professor
2:45 PM- 4:15 PM
CAT 41 MOSQUITO | What Bites Other Than Mosquitos?
This session will explain how to identify fleas and ticks, their life cycle, important fleas and ticks in Georgia, statistics on the diseases they vector, and treatment options.
Instructor: Julia Willingham, SiteOne
CREDITS: ISA: Certified Arborist: 1.5; Utility Specialist:1.5; BCMA - Practice: 1.5; TW Climber Specialist: 1.5; TW Aerial Lift Specialist: 1.5
AGRONOMICS | Abiotic Stress and Disorders in Turf Areas
This session will focus on common abiotic stresses in turfgrasses, including drought, shade, and compaction. This will include how environmental stresses damage plants, common symptoms, how plants respond to these stresses, and ultimately how management practices interact with these stresses. The session will not only give an overview of how abiotic stresses affect turf areas but also the importance of managing these areas to maintain healthy plants that are more resilient against abiotic and biotic stresses.
Instructor: Dr. David Jesperson, UGA Crop & Soil Sciences
CREDITS: NCLCLB: Landscape: 1.5
DONNA JONES Head of Sales
Ace Resin
“Events like a learning day for the Landscape and hardscape industry are vital for fostering innovation, sharing best practices, and driving the industry forward. They provide an opportunity for professionals to exchange ideas, stay informed about the latest advancements, and tackle challenges together.
I’m thrilled to be presenting at LPU and connecting with industry members, as it’s a chance to share knowledge, learn from others, and collectively champion excellence and sustainability in our work.
Looking forward to meeting you later this month."
HORT/TREECARE | The Natives are Restless - Improving Design by Using Native Plants
Using native plants in the landscape has gained in popularity, for many good reasons.
We’ll discuss how to improve your design by using natives and talk about pros and cons: disease, pests, IPM and managing the design and installation.
Instructor: Eric King, King Landscaping
CREDITS: NCLCLB: Landscape: 1.5
BUSINESS | Time Management: Taking Control of Your Life
How many times during your typical week do you find yourself asking, “Where did the day go? The day is over, and I didn’t accomplish half of what I wanted to do today.” Yes, we know your struggles! You are being inundated daily with requests for your time and attention. Emails, texts, meetings, employee problems and requests, client, and project issues and so on. They come at you from all directions. We invite you to join us to learn how to manage your time better so you can begin enjoying life again and prosper.
Instructor: Judson Griggs, The Harvest Group
HARDSCAPES | Soltice Series Stone: Cover Your Floor and More with Natural Stone Flooring and Veneers
Instructor: Cindy Whitman, Soltice Stone
SPANISH BUSINESS | Negocios en español Cómo empecé y crecí mi empresa
Michael Tous hablará sobre cómo comenzó su empresa, cómo la hizo crecer con éxito durante 34 años y cómo elaborar un “plan de salida” para la misma.
How I Got Started and Grew My Company
Michael Tous will discuss how he started his business, successfully grew his business for 34 years, and how to make an “exit plan” for the business.
Instructor: Michael Tous, The Paver Professor
Paul Altznauer, with 28 years of experience in the green industry and a degree in horticulture, brings a blend of practical expertise and academic knowledge to his work.
Julie Fogg joined SiteOne Landscape Supply Pest Management Division in December 2022 as a Business Development Manager and is certified in Category 41.
Ben Gandy is committed to simple solutions that drive results. With a passion for operations; systems-based management strategies and lean thinking, Ben is positioned to guide others in pursuit of their vision.
Elmer W. Gray is an entomologist with the UGA Department of Entomology and serves as the Public Health Extension Entomologist, focusing on mosquito control training, education and outreach.
With over 40 years of design/ build experience, Jud Griggs consults with companies across the country to help them improve their operations as well as sales and marketing processes.
Jeff Harkness provides expert guidance on growth and exit strategies via private equity, or strategic buyers. His team at 3PG Advisors works on succession planning, business valuation, strategic growth, profit planning, and capital funding.
Dr. Bethany Harris is Director of UGA's Center for Urban Agriculture, where she tackles a wide variety of urban challenges in nursery and landscape, food production, sustainable turfgrass, pest management, and urban forestry.
James Herrin is an ANR Extension Agent in Fulton County. He earned BS and MS degrees from UGA on environmental monitoring and aquatic ecology.
Dirk Hessman is a Field Service Manager for Hunter Industries, specializing in commercial and golf. His territory includes the southeastern US.
Clayton Hulen is a General Manager at SiteOne Landscape Supply, specializing in mulch and soil production strategies. He has over 50 years of experience in the industry.
Bobby Jackson represents Toro and Irritrol irrigation products. He holds Landscape Irrigation Auditor and Landscape Water Manager certifications from the Irrigation Association and has been recognized as an EPA WaterSense partner.
David Jespersen is an associate professor in the Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences at UGA Griffin. His research uses a systems biology approach to understand the mechanisms of stress tolerance in turfgrasses.
Donna Jones heads up sales at Ace Resin and has been instrumental in the development of resin bound permeable surfacing in the UK for over 25 years. She is excited to introduce Ace Resin’s permeable surfacing to the USA market.
Eric King marries nature’s best elements with his clients’ highest hopes and imaginations. Eric achieves dramatic results by first listening to his clients, then studying the land.
Eric Marlowe is an ANR Agent at UGA Extension Gwinnett where he leads community activities, classes, and events while expanding school programs. Since earning his landscape architecture degree at UGA, he has worked in residential landscape design and construction.
Dr. Alfredo Martinez is a Professor in UGA's Department of Plant Pathology, Griffin Campus. He is an Extension Specialist working on the development and transfer of information of new and recurring turfgrass diseases.
Brian Niles is Hunter's Southeast Specification Manager. He has been working in the landscape industry for close to 30 years, in distribution, contracting and manufacturing.
Dr. Bodie Pennisi is a Professor and Extension landscape specialist in UGA's Dept. of Horticulture. She plans and coordinates a statewide program to support the professional landscape industry, and researches sustainable landscape practices.
Juan E Pérez is an irrigation representative for Rain Bird with more than seven years of industry experience. He is a Rain Bird factory trained technician and IA certified irrigation technician.
Aida Ricetti is Director of Sales for Hardscape. com. This company provides innovative products with responsible sourcing and production.
Kevin Rinschler has over 25 years of experience in the green industry. In 2024 joined Rain Bird as the Water Conservation Manager for the SE and FL regions. This past year he fulfilled his 10-year term serving on the IA Certification Board.
Dr. Joseph Roberts is the SC state turfgrass pathologist in Clemson's Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences. His research centers on innovative strategies to limit turfgrass and crop loss from plant pathogens including fungi, bacteria, and nematodes.
Owner of The Pruning Guru, Rick Smith is a certified Georgia Nurseryman and a Georgia Certified Landscape Professional, both credentialed through the University of Georgia.
Ken Thomas owned and operated three of Atlanta’s most successful landscape companies before starting Envisor Consulting. An astute businessman who is not afraid of digging in the dirt, Ken knows the secrets and systems of thriving landscape operations.
Michael Tous is Vice President and co-owner of Grass Masters, Inc., a fullservice hardscaping design build and lawn maintenancecompany in Lumberton, NJ. Michael is an ICPI certified instructor and is fluent in both English and Spanish.
Rob Trawick received his BS and MS ornamental horticulture degrees from Auburn University. Before working with UGA Extension, Rob was the ANR Agent in Baton Rouge for Louisiana State University.
Dr. Clint Waltz joined the UGA Turfgrass Team in 2001 as a Turfgrass Extension Specialist, with state-wide responsibilities in all turfgrass management areas. He is an ex-officio board member for the Georgia Urban Ag Council.
Cindy Whitman began working in the construction industry in 1997. In 2003 she started her own stone installation companies in Arizona and Nevada. In 2017, Cindy decided to remove herself from being self employed and started a new career in construction sales with Solstice Stone.
Julia Willingham is a Business Development Manager with SiteOne. Before this, she was the County Agricultural Agent in Catoosa County with UGA Extension. Julia loves talking about bugs and working with pest control professionals to help solve issues.
IMPORTANT: Visit the Landscape Pro University website for important parking information BEFORE leaving for the event: urbanagcouncil.com/lpu-travel-info-and-directions
Landscape Pro University Educational Sessions
> $159 per person I 29,000 Partners Program points
> $119 per person for Georgia UAC members*
Georgia License Review
> $159 per person I 29,000 Partners Program points
> $119 per person for Georgia UACl members*
* Current UAC business-level members receive discounted registration. With a business-level membership, all employees of the company are eligible for this discount. Please contact us at office@georgiauac.com for discount code.
Visit the website for more information:
> Schedule at a glance
> Travel and parking info
> Online registration urbanagcouncil.com/landscape-pro-university
Mario Cambardella is a landscape architect, environmental planner, and entrepreneur dedicated to delivering beautiful and resilient landscapes. In March 2020, Cambardella founded ServeScape, an online marketplace connecting horticultural growers with homeowners and landscape professionals. In Summer 2022, Mario launched Scapify, a software platform that directly connects growers with landscape companies, streamlining the plant supply chain. In recognition of his contributions, ServeScape was awarded 2024 Supplier of Year by the Georgia Urban Ag Council (UAC) and Pacesetter Award by the Atlanta Business Chronicle Cambardella was named 40 Under 40 by UGA, the Atlanta Business Chronicle, and Georgia Trend Magazine.
Pam Dooley loves being a business owner and entrepreneur. Her passion is connecting with people who believe nature is where we go in pursuit of lasting memories and strengthening relationships. Her team is united in the purpose of creating and caring for beautiful outdoor spaces that are reflections of those who live and play in them. In addition to growing Plants Creative, Pam is on the board of directors for The National Association of Landscape Professionals (NALP) as well as Georgia UAC, committed to promoting and advancing green industry professionalism.
Jonathan Gillespie is an agronomist, with a passion for turf management and horticulture. He graduated from ABAC with a degree in Environmental Horticulture Technology specializing in turfgrass management. Jonathan started Yardsy in 2019 with a passion for high-end turf management and the company has since
expanded to multiple locations in Atlanta and other markets in the southeast, where his role is solely focused on Agronomy. Jonathan is a former golf superintendent of 15 years, managing courses in Georgia, Reynolds Plantation, Idlehour and River Forest. He takes his experience from the golf industry to Yardsy and focuses on delivering the best agronomic solutions for the properties they manage.
Jay Griffin is a southeast regional sales manager for Central Turf & Irrigation, a solution company that partners with their clients. Jay has been in the green industry for 33 years. His professional goals are to be a partner and a resource to all of his clients. He has been awarded the Trailblazer Award with Hunter Industries and the Life Achievement Award with Central Turf and Irrigation. His knowledge and expertise are in irrigation and lighting, and he strives to be the best sales manager he can be for his sales staff.
Jennifer Jorge started her green industry career with King Green straight out of college. Over the years, she gained experience in various departments, including as branch manager in West Atlanta, followed by overseeing financial operations at the company’s headquarters. After serving as COO for five years, Jennifer assumed the role of President in 2024, becoming a second-generation leader in the family business, which was founded by her father in 1987. Jennifer has been a shareholder of King Green since 2008 and is proud to lead the company alongside her sister, Amber. In addition to her leadership at King Green, she has been on the board of directors for the National Association of Landscape Professionals (NALP) since 2022. In October 2024, she began her term on the NALP executive committee, and she is actively involved in the finance committee. Jennifer is committed to advancing the industry and proudly represents women in this traditionally male-dominated field.
Jim McCutcheon is a passionate and innovative leader. For over 35 years, his primary focus has been helping his team, clients, and company achieve their goals. The HighGrove Partners team currently has over 250 members, many of whom have been with the company for over 20 years, as well as over 20 second-generation team members. Jim is a proud graduate of the University of Georgia, where he received his bachelor’s degree in landscape architecture. He has been an active member of the landscape industry, serving on the NALP Board of Directors, including as president from 2014 to 2015. He is also a past president of the NALP Foundation. In 2017, Jim was honored to receive the NALP Lifetime Leadership Award.
Randy Moody graduated from Georgia Southern University with a BS in Business Administration. While in school, he started a landscape maintenance business and quickly realized his love for the green industry. Randy has worked in a number of roles over the years for SiteOne Landscape Supply and is currently the Sales Manager for Georgia and Alabama. In January, Randy celebrates 30 years with SiteOne.
Ken Morrow was employed by the Rollins family as Executive for Ranch Operations in the early '80s. He left Rollins to lead Sod Atlanta and take on the role of President of Athletic Fields, a specialized construction company building sports fields. Ken and partner Rick Hornsby joined with Aaron McWhorter in 1997 to found The Turfgrass Group. Ken has actively served on the boards of several green industry organizations. He was appointed by Governor Perdue to the Governor’s Agriculture Advisory Commission and the Governor’s Environmental Advisory Council. He is a recipient of the Medallion of Honor from the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.
Jeff Walters is a stalwart of expertise and dedication within Outdoor Expressions, shaping the landscape industry since 2003 as Maintenance Operations Manager. His experience and commitment set the standard for excellence.
Jeff’s journey began in 1982, amassing invaluable experience in landscape maintenance, including lawn care, tree and shrub care, sales, estimating, and account management. Customer satisfaction is paramount to Jeff’s work, fostering enduring relationships. Originally from Southern Illinois, Jeff moved to Atlanta in 1982 and began his career in the landscape industry. He has worked in nearly every service line in this business including weekly and seasonal maintenance, lawn care, plant health care, irrigation, seasonal color, and installation.
The National Association of Landscape Professionals (NALP) has appointed its board of directors for the 2024-2025 term, which includes three Georgia Urban Ag Council members:
4
Pam Dooley, Plants Creative Landscapes serves as Chair
4
Directors-At-Large include Jennifer Jorge, King Green and Teddy Russell, Russell Landscape Group Dooley and Jorge currently serve on the UAC board. Russell previously served on the UAC board, including as president.
“We are thrilled that these talented individuals comprise our 2024-2025 Board of Directors. Their diverse experiences and deep understanding of the landscape industry will help us continue to advance our mission of promoting professionalism and protecting and growing the industry.”
~ Britt Wood, CEO of NALP
The new board officially took office on October 2, 2024.
The winners for 2024
First place team: NG Turf with 178 points
Second place team: Legacy Turf Farms with 162 points
Third place team: Howard Brothers with 157 points
Top scoring shooter: Jeff Howard with 49 points
Coastal Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida: We’re coming to you!
For the first time, we’re offering a full day of education for landscape professionals on the coast!
Friday, March 7 | Savannah, GA
Georgia Tech Savannah Campus | 210 Technology Circle | Savannah GA 31407
Choose one topic from each time slot:
8:00 am - 8:30 am Registration/Breakfast
8:30 am - 9:30 am AGRONOMICS
8:30 am - 9:30 am LANDSCAPE MGMT
Turfgrass Fertility for Proper Growth and Pest Management Dr. Clint Waltz, UGA
Mosquito Control: Introduction to Mosquito Control and Licensing Julie Fogg, SiteOne Landscape Supply
9:45 am - 10:45 am AGRONOMICS Angry Dogs and Irate Customers: Problem-Solving Turfgrass Issues Dr. Clint Waltz, UGA
9:45 am - 10:45 am LANDSCAPE MGMT
11:00 am - Noon AGRONOMICS
Mosquito Control: Content for Licensed Applicators Julie Fogg, SiteOne Landscape Supply
Turfgrass Pest and Disease ID and Control Tripp Williams, UGA CAES Columbia County
11:00 am - Noon LANDSCAPE MGMT A Walk Through the Landscape: Outside Hands-On Troubleshooting Dr. Bodie Pennisi, UGA
Noon - 1:00 pm Lunch/Sponsor Presentation/Legislative Report
1:00 pm - 2:00 pm AGRONOMICS
Adversity in the Landscape: Educating You and Your Customers Dr. Bodie Pennisi, UGA
1:00 pm - 2:00 pm LANDSCAPE MGMT Basic/Introduction to Pruning Rick Smith, The Pruning Guru
2:15 pm - 3:15 pm AGRONOMICS Calibration 101: Your Key to Success
Troy Strickland, SiteOne Landscape Supply
2:15 pm - 3:15 pm LANDSCAPE MGMT Advanced Pruning Rick Smith, The Pruning Guru
Registration fees include breakfast, lunch, educational sessions PLUS quality time with vendors:
Registration fee, full day
Registration fee, mosquito control only ...........
Thank you to our sponsors!
UAC member: $125 Non-member: $175
UAC Member: $50............... Non-member: $75
Madison Turner District Manager, GLM Landscape Supply
Contact info:
Address: 7318 Hickory Flat Hwy Woodstock, GA 30188
Phone: 770.704.7111
Mobile: 678.787.3609
Email: mturner@glmlandscapesupply.com
Web: glmlandscapesupply.com
My first job in the green industry was... a landscape company that a friend and I started in Milton, Ga. We primarily did maintenance and soft scapes. After three years we sold that company to two of our employees and they are still running it.
My biggest challenge in my career has been…hiring qualified employees.
The people who have most influenced my career are…..my family. They have taught me hard work and you can truly do anything you set your mind to.
My biggest career success so far has been…. building a reputable landscaping company with my friend that is still going strong today.
If I had it to do over again, I would…..go to college for some sort of a landscape management degree.
The thing I like most about my career is…. being outside and building relationships with others that have similar interest.
The one thing most responsible for my success is… just going for it. I don’t think I would be in the green industry today if it wasn’t for starting the landscape company with my friend. We had no official background in landscaping besides we both enjoyed cutting grass. After that I realized how big the green industry is.
If I could change careers, just for a month, and it could be anything, I would…be a professional golfer.
When I’m not working, I love…spending time with my family, deer and turkey hunting and golfing. .
One thing most people don’t know about me is… I’m a big morning person. I enjoy getting up early before everyone and having some quiet time before getting the day going.
To win a Judges' Choice award at the Georgia Landscape Awards (GALA), you first have to win a Grand award for your project. Then you have to "WOW" the judges so much that they bestow GALA's highest honor. Here's how Gibbs Landscape walked away with the Judges' Choice award for 2024, details taken from their entry application:
This client is a high-end condominium and they want their flowers to look show-ready at all times. This design uses a wide variety of plant material, with varying heights and textures, to achieve a layered and bright eye-catching display.
There were several opportunities to enhance the existing landscape by expanding flower beds and revamping existing areas. This is a mature property, which comes with mature trees and roots. It’s important to understand not only what the plants do and how they perform, but also the particular struggles of each area of the property.
The design uses a wide variety of plant material, with varying heights and textures, to achieve a layered and bright eye catching display. I had several opportunities to enhance the existing landscape by expanding flower beds and revamping existing areas.
This bed is in a median with a crape myrtle. The bed is very shady and water is difficult because of the roots. Rose whopper begonias stand up to the challenge and perform beautifully all summer.
The client has very little input on the design; as long as everything meets their expectations then everything is fine. The concern for the designer is that the expectations are not expressed. The client can be very challenging if the installation is not to their liking.
Communicating with the client and meeting frequently to gain any insight is important. This is a mature property and this comes with mature trees and roots. Shade and water needs play a large role in the design and must be considered.
Knowledge is very important for this property. The designer needs to know not only the what the plants do and how they perform but the particular struggles of each area of the property. There is one long bed that is full sun on one side with water and the other side of the bed is dry and shady due to an established crape myrtle. A design is created ahead of time based on the concerns for each area of the property. Proper planning is essential for the flowers to thrive and perform as expected. It is also crucial to communicate with the individual maintenance teams throughout the season to ensure the flowers are always show ready and address problems immediately.
This long bed has varying sun and water requirements and is a focal point on the property. Heights of caladium and cleome are a colorful addition.
The bright colors and variation of plant materials throughout the property achieve the customer's request.
This bed uses several textures and colors to showcase the main sign. The bright purple from the ruellia and lime of the coleus make a bright and colorful addition.
Judges' comments about this project:
> Showstopper, well done!
> Good variety of combinations.
> Both seasons look good.
> Excellent plant selection.
> Breathes life into dead spaces on the property.
> The continuity of the project is excellent.
The 2025 GALA winners will be decided soon. Upload your projects now!
The winter version of the sign bed uses several varieties of flowers and the lavender erysimum always makes such a statement.
A flower bed was added along with several enhancements to an extremely shady area. This space greets owners as they come in and out of their pedestrian gate.
Megan Galyas, Designer, accepts the Judges' Choice award at the 2024 GALA banquet.
Important dates for 2025 GALA
Entry deadline: 5:00 pm, Wednesday, January 15
Late entry deadline (late fee will apply): 5:00 pm, Wednesday, January 22
Judging: Early February
Notification of awards: Mid-February
Awards ceremony: Tuesday, March 25
by Shimat V. Joseph, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia
Carpenter bees (Fig. 1) can be a serious pest on outdoor structures made of wood such as patios, decks, sidings of homes, sheds, furniture, etc. Large carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica, is the common species in Georgia.
Adults carpenter bees are pollinators, but mated females bore tunnels into wooden structures to rear their larvae. This process causes substantial damage to the wood. With much tunneling, the integrity of the structure is compromised. Carpenter bees are more attracted to redwood, cedar, cypress, and pine, especially when old and unpainted.
The body of a carpenter bee is metallic black in color with a glossy and hairless abdomen (Fig. 1). Bumblebees, on the other hand, look similar to carpenter bees, but the abdomen of bumblebees is hairy with yellow and black stripes. Bumblebees do not use wooden structures to build their nest; instead, they build their nests in the ground using abandoned rodent burrows, totally in contrast to the carpenter bee nesting habit. It’s important to distinguish between the two, as the threat posed by carpenter bees is unique and requires specific preventative measures.
Life stages of carpenter bee include egg, larva, pupa, and adult (Fig. 2).
Unlike bumblebee and honeybee, which are social bees, carpenter bee is not a social insect. Carpenter bee does not live in colonies with workers, drones, and queens. Carpenter bee is solitary, meaning one adult is in each nest, and eggs or larvae develop inside the nest.
Adults of carpenter bee singly overwinter from November to February. An adult carpenter bee moves into the existing tunnel their parents bore in the spring and summer for overwintering (Fig. 3). The females and males emerge from those tunnels in February. The emerged bees mate.
Mated females bore tunnels into the wood (Fig. 4). From March to April, females singly lay eggs in compartments or cells once the brood tunnel is completely drilled. The depth of the tunnel varies. During egg laying, females forage pollen and nectar from immediate landscapes to
provision food (as a ball) in each cell near those eggs. Once an egg is laid and provisioned, it builds a wall using wood pulp and regurgitates to form a cell. Adults also feed on pollen for their energy needs. Males guard the nests to prevent multiple females from entering the nest and use the tunnel to lay eggs. Once the egg-laying is completed, the females die off.
Eggs hatch by March and larvae gradually grow by molting from one stage to another, feeding on the food ball prepared by females within each cell. They pupate inside the cells and by August, new adults emerge from those tunnels (Fig. 4). These new adults move out of nests to forage and feed on pollen and nectar from various floral resources from the late summer to fall to develop their nutrient reserves to survive the winter. As temperatures reduce in November, those new adults move into pre-existing brood tunnels. They overwinter in those tunnels and then emerge from tunnels in February of the following year to continue the cycle.
Females bore into the wood, leaving round ~1 cmdiameter entry holes (Fig. 5A). As they bore, they pushed out sawdust near the entry hole (Fig. 5B) and do not feed on wood. The boring activity produces sounds that can be heard coming from the wood. Although they make perfect entry holes, they bore along the length of the wood after a short perpendicular hole. Sometimes, females reuse old tunnels repeatedly every year. Repeated tunneling on the same wood for many years can compromise the structure’s integrity.
Although carpenter bees fly around aggressively during mating, constructing, or guarding the nest, they rarely attack humans or animals. This is especially true for males, who have no stingers.
Important predators of carpenter bees are woodpeckers (Fig. 7). They are especially attracted to carpenter bees when they actively bore the wood as the boring process produce a unique sound. Woodpeckers can break the structure and cause structural damage as they try to access the adult females and larvae developing in the tunnels.
Carpenter bee traps
Installation of traps near carpenter bee activity, such as patios, porches, decks, sheds, barns, or houses, can reduce their population. Many traps are available (Fig. 7), which can be purchased from local garden stores or online.
TANUKI_1992 (https://www.reddit.com/r/birding/comments/ 13zenpm/woodpecker_trying_to_catch_a_carpenter_bee_that/)
Fig. 6. Damage caused by woodpecker trying to reach larvae of carpenter bee.
Female carpenter bees naturally explore existing entry holes, and this behavior is used in most traps (Fig. 7A). Once entered, females are trapped in a plastic bottle or box with restricted passage to return. Females do not bore through plastic, metal or glass material. The trapped carpenter bees die within the collection container. Sticky traps can also effectively capture carpenter bees (Fig. 7B); however, they will have bycatch, such as paper wasps, etc.
Search for entry holes on wooden structures, and once found, plugging those holes may reduce repeated use of same nests. The entry holes can be plugged by hammering a wooden dowel into the entry hole and coating with sealants such as glue, putty, etc. Females inside the nest will not bore an exit hole if trapped due to plugging. Severely damaged wood may need to be replaced, especially if it’s wood that supports the structure.
Although the effects of paint and staining are poorly understood, anecdotal observations indicate that carpenter bees avoid painted wood (oil-based paint) for nest building.
Securing some wood structures, such as pieces of furniture, indoors can reduce the boring damage. Keeping outside doors shut, especially in the early spring, will reduce access to wooden structures from entry holes.
Insecticides can be used to prevent the completion of nest construction.
4 4
Pyrethroid insecticides are effective and can be sprayed directly into the entry hole.
Dust formulation of insecticides are also effective in reducing the carpenter bee problem.
Once an insecticide is applied, the bees will spread the insecticide residues inside the tunnel as they move in and out. Thus, leaving the tunnel open for a couple of days after the insecticide application will increase the effectiveness of the applied insecticide. After one or two days the holes can be plugged.
The residual activity of pyrethroid insecticides will not last more than four weeks; thus, repeated application might be necessary. If high activity of carpenter bees is anticipated in an area, these insecticides could be sprayed on the structure before the females’ boring activity begins in the spring. Again, the insecticide residue on the surface will deteriorate within a few weeks and reapplication is needed. The downside of this approach is
that it is challenging to get a good insecticide coverage on the surface of entire vulnerable structure, especially if it is large, such as deck or house.
Wear proper PPE (personal protection equipment), such as gloves, long-sleeve shirt, etc., as recommended on the insecticide label before applying insecticide. Pay attention to the direction of wind to prevent exposure. Because carpenter bee damage could be at areas of wood structure typically out of sight and not reachable, please seek appropriate support. Pest control companies are equipped to reach damaged areas of structure for management applications.
sponsorship opportunities support | energize | enable | develop
Thank you to all of our SEED sponsors!
SEED sponsorships offer our members an opportunity to promote their businesses and support UAC at a level beyond the membership dues.
Compiled by Mary Kay Woodworth
According to data from the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) National Survey on Drug Use and Health, "approximately 70 percent of all adults have current alcohol or illicit drug use disorders, while a relatively equal number report that they are in recovery or have recovered from a substance use problem."
As an employer, providing assistance for employees with addiction can have a positive impact on your business, decreasing healthcare claims, increasing productivity, and encouraging retention among employees who might otherwise leave their jobs if they are forced to prioritize getting help over maintaining a career.
To lessen the negative impact in the workplace in terms of safety, productivity and costs, employers can address substance misuse by implementing a workplace substance use/misuse policy (including employee handbook and Drug-Free Workplace policy), by learning the warning signs of possible substance abuse disorder and by guiding employees who exhibit such signs to obtain help.
Many people who misuse substances are reluctant to seek help because they are in denial. They reject the idea that they have problems or that their addiction is apparent to others. Some people with substance abuse disorder distrust the assurances of confidentiality by treatment resources, including employee assistance programs (EAPs), and may be sensitive to the stigma of being labeled an addict or an alcoholic, along with fearing retaliation.
In addition to having proper notifications and compliance information, employees and employers alike should know the warning signs of substance abuse in the workplace. Common warning signs and symptoms of addiction include the following:
> Increased numbers of accidents at work
> Absenteeism without notification
> Unexplained disappearances from work
> Failure to keep appointments
> Failure to meet deadlines
> Significant changes in work performance between low and high productivity
> Poor judgment
> Difficulty concentrating
> Increased time or effort for regular tasks
> Not fulfilling responsibilities at work
> Deterioration in hygiene or appearance
> Physical signs like slurred speech, bloodshot eyes, or hyperactivity
When employees notice the warning signs in either themselves or another employee, it’s important that they report the need for help. As employers, it’s important to have processes in place for dealing with substance abuse, like regular drug tests or meetings where employees are asked for an explanation about certain behaviors.
For example, an employee having high absenteeism and bloodshot eyes could be the result of allergies or sickness. If there is a legitimate explanation, such as a recent health condition or family issue, employers can offer assistance in helping employees adjust. But if there are no legitimate explanations and it turns out to be related to drugs or alcohol, employers can offer help such as time off to seek treatment and a return-to-work agreement— in lieu of termination (this may be covered by the Family and Medical Leave Act and state law).
Employers may also choose a no-tolerance policy and take disciplinary action—up to and including termination—based on job performance problems that may be the result of an employee's alcohol or drug use. However, it is critical to document such problems and any actions taken. An employer has no obligation to excuse drug or alcohol use on the job or a violation of a drug-free workplace policy.
There are various laws that protect your job should you choose to seek rehab. If you qualify for protection under these laws, they offer the opportunity to take medical leave without the fear of termination.
> Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) grants jobprotected leave to allow employees to seek treatment for a medical condition. However, FMLA does not protect you from losing your job if you have violated a workplace policy pertaining to substance misuse. To qualify under FMLA, employees must work for a covered employer at a location with 50 or more employees in a 75-mile radius and have worked at least 1,250 hours over 12 months with the employer.
> The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act stipulates that coverage for behavioral health conditions, including substance misuse, must be equal to coverage offered for physical health conditions. While this law does not require insurance companies to cover behavioral health services, it does mandate that your insurance provider offer equal coverage for addiction treatment if it chooses to cover this service.
> The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ensures that people with disabilities do not experience discrimination in the workplace. Drug and alcohol addiction can be protected disabilities under this law. It is important to understand that while ADA does protect both current and past users of alcohol, it states that protections for drug addiction only apply if a person is in recovery and not currently using illegal drugs.
Assisting even a few workers with substance use addiction can positively affect a business. Savings can be realized from decreased health care claims and absenteeism and increased productivity. Individuals who misuse drugs or alcohol do not have to indulge on the job to have a negative impact on the workplace.
Compiled from Department of Administrative Services Georgia, Georgia Council for Recovery, and Recovery Village Atlanta
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by James Yorgason for manta.com
Maintaining a good social media reputation for your business is more than just a leisurely walk in the park. You first must be aware of the social media platforms your customers use and create accounts on each of them. Then it’s time to start thinking about how you will keep up appearances.
Your online reputation is invaluable. You can’t just put up a profile picture and post a new message every blue moon and hope for the best. It would be best if you worked at maintaining communication and a good relationship with your followers on social media.
This article will discuss social media reputation management, it’s essentials, and how to maintain and handle your social media reputation. Let’s get started!
Social media reputation (SMR) management monitors and controls how people perceive you or your brand on social media platforms. It involves:
> Actively managing your online image and brand.
> Addressing feedback and negative and positive reviews.
> Engaging with your audience to build a positive reputation.
SMR management is all about managing your online reputation and making sure you have a good image on social media.
Yes! Your SMR greatly reflects who you are as a business and how you want to be perceived. When people talk about your business online, their opinions can significantly influence how others view it.
If you have a positive SMR, it can help attract and build consumer trust and increase sales. On the other hand, a negative reputation can harm your business and drive customers away. With this in mind, managing your social media reputation is vital to maintain a good image and keep your business thriving.
Now that we understand how beneficial SMR is, let’s jump into the steps your business can take to improve your online reputation:
Choose the best social channels.While all social media platforms can benefit your business in one way or another, choosing the best social channels is critical. It’s essential to use the channels your customers are using. Because social media is an investment of time and/or money, you want to make sure you’re on the right platforms for your business so you reap the dividends.
Choosing the right channels is also a part of establishing a good reputation. Suppose you sell technical products to aerospace engineers. In that case, you shouldn’t invest in Facebook or Instagram but in Twitter or LinkedIn. If you sell consumer products, a professional LinkedIn group isn’t an ideal channel for engaging.
Respond to online reviews. While word-ofmouth might be slowly dying amongst in-person interactions, digital word-of-mouth through social media reviews is where the talk is happening.
Don’t let your social profiles sit there. You must respond if someone posts a question, a comment, or even a negative review. Leaving it unattended sends a stronger message than a customer’s negative comment ever could. Make sure to check your accounts every day.
If your business feels like it has too many notifications happening at once, try using social listening tools. You might miss a notification and it gets lost in the shuffle of it all. Some of these tools can help keep them all in one place:
> Hootsuite
> Social Pilot
> Brandwatch
> Talkwalker
Customers often use social media channels to reach out with concerns and complaints. These social listening tools can help your business use social media monitoring and keep track of all your social channels.
Build connections. Find influential people, influencers, and businesses in your industry that you want to connect with and like, follow them, and send them personal messages to help create a rapport. Once a connection is made, they’re more likely to follow you back, helping to beef up your brand’s authority.
You need to connect with the right people, especially those who set the trends on the platform. This will teach you what content garners the most attention and put you on the map. Quality user generated content is key to gaining a loyal following and is the only way to show your value.
Become leaders in your industry. Whether you’re on Twitter or Facebook or the multitude of other social platform options, it’s not just about selfpromotion but also about helping out your network of customers and influencers. Promote them as readily as you promote your own business—this helps build trust and engagement.
Be generous and genuine with your coverage of them— especially if they do something really well. Make sure to let them know that you have blogged, tweeted, or posted about them so they can share your brand with their community.
A small business should share, re-tweet, and promote other people in their network as much as they promote themselves on social media. Also, it’s very important to offer value or substantive content to your followers and not just blast your services or specials out there. And keep it social by commenting and engaging with people online.
Make meaningful posts. Don’t post for the simple sake of posting. Make it meaningful, make it your own, and make it a quality post. Pay close
attention to the content that appears on your accounts. It should be accurate, factual, and high quality in general.
Do not create a social media content schedule and post subpar articles or updates to satisfy the calendar. Determine how well-written content can be produced and build your schedule around that. Always send out an update or post to do so.
6.
Engage with your customers. The first step in engaging with your customers experience is having a high likability factor. It goes a long way when you’re trying to spread your brand’s message and grow your followers. Put your best out there and maintain civility. In a world drowning in online negativity, being kind and expressing sympathy and empathy can go much farther than trying to out-insult one another.
Don’t over-share. It’s good to keep your social media posts a bit personal, but giving too much information about yourself, deviating from what your business concentrates on, or complaining about emotional problems will be the fastest way to drive away followers. Please keep it simple, on track, and positive!
Let your personality shine. After perfecting the niceness component, don’t forget to let your personality and your business’s personality come through. You can be far more casual on social media than if you were writing a grant proposal or a business whitepaper.
7.
8.
Be personable. More sales pitches will send up red flags to followers, and your social media accounts will look like spam. Before long, your followers will start dropping like flies. Do not use social media as a blowhorn to spew your advertisement. It will be viewed as spam, and your social media credibility will become oblivion.
Interacting with your audience will allow your business to showcase your credibility and knowledge in your industry. Being genuine and authentic is the key to maintaining a great business social media presence.
As you work on your social media reputation, remember that building and maintaining a solid relationship with followers takes time and commitment. But once you’ve achieved a solid foundation, this digital footprint will allow customers to find and connect with you and your business quickly. Learn more at manta.com.
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entry deadline
DATE: Wednesday, January 15, 5:00 pm
Complete and upload your online entry: urbanagcouncil.com/gala-georgia-landscape-awards
GALA late entry deadline
DATE: Wednesday, January 22, 5:00 pm (late fee will apply)
Complete and upload your online entry: urbanagcouncil.com/gala-georgia-landscape-awards
Estimating Success
Landscape Pro University & Expo
Educational sessions | Continuing education credits | Vendors
DATE: Wednesday, January 29
PLACE: Cobb Galleria | 2 Galleria Pkwy SE | Atlanta GA 30339
TIME: 7:30 am - 4:15 pm
Schedule with speakers and descriptions beginning on page 6.
Register online now! urbanagcouncil.com/landscape-pro-university
Cost estimating workshop by Envisor Consulting
Learn how to successfully estimate, bid and win work by gaining a better understanding of maintenance and construction estimating concepts and techniques that will allow you to grow your top and bottom line.
DATE: Friday, February 28
PLACE: UGA Griffin Campus, Student Learning Center Room 105
TIME: 8:30 am - 12:00 pm
COST: UAC Members: $125 | Non-Members: $200 MAR 7
Landscape Pro University & Expo - Coastal
Educational sessions | Continuing education credits | Vendors
Register for the full day or just the mosquito control sessions!
DATE: Friday, March 7
PLACE: Georgia Tech Savannah Campus | 210 Technology Circle Savannah GA 31407
TIME: 8:00 am - 3:15 pm
Schedule on page 20. MAR 25
GALA awards celebration
DATE: Tuesday, March 25
PLACE: Magnolia Hall, Piedmont Park
by Jud Griggs, Harvest Business Consulting Group
How many times during your typical week do you find yourself asking, “Where did the day go? The day is over, and I didn’t accomplish half of what I wanted to today.”
Yes, we know your struggles!
You are being inundated daily with requests for your time and attention. Emails, texts, meetings, employee problems and requests, client, project issues and so on. They come at you from all directions.
Does this sound familiar?
> You are working a crazy number of hours each week and getting nowhere.
> Your business has been the same size for too long (as in YEARS)?
> You are stuck doing everything because no one else knows what to do or how to do it.
Maybe you should be asking:
"How do I get more of the right things done in the same amount of time, or better yet, in LESS TIME?"
Here are the facts:
FACT I : You will never have enough time to get everything done!
FACT II: Your company and career will not grow to its potential until you are able to figure out this time management thing!
In today's fast-paced world, mastering time management is essential for achieving personal and professional goals. With the constant barrage of responsibilities, distractions, and commitments, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. However, by adopting effective time management strategies, you can take control of your life, reduce stress, and boost productivity. Here’s how to get started.
Time management refers to the process of planning and controlling how much time to spend on specific activities. Good time management enables you to work smarter, not harder, allowing you to accomplish more in a shorter period. It’s about prioritizing tasks and setting goals to ensure you are focusing on what truly matters.
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Increased productivity: By organizing tasks effectively, you can complete more in less time.
Reduced stress: Proper planning helps you avoid the last-minute rush, leading to a calmer state of mind.
Improved work-life balance: Efficient time management allows you to allocate time for work and personal activities, enhancing overall well-being.
Achieving goals: Setting clear objectives and timelines keeps you motivated and focused on what you want to achieve.
Set clear goals. Define both short-term and long-term goals. Use the SMART criteria (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Timebound) to ensure your goals are clear and attainable.
Determine where you are spending your time. When asked, many people can’t tell you where they spend their time. It becomes a blur. Until you track your time during the course of the day, you won’t know what the “Time Robbers” are and how to eliminate them.
Prioritize tasks. Use tools like the Eisenhower Matrix to categorize tasks based on urgency and importance. Focus on what matters most to prevent time from slipping away on less significant activities. Understand the difference between urgent and important.
Create a schedule. Develop a daily or weekly planner that outlines your tasks. Allocate specific time blocks for each activity and stick to this schedule as closely as possible. Digital tools like Google Calendar can be very helpful.
Limit distractions. Identify what commonly distracts you and take steps to minimize these interruptions. This could mean turning off notifications, creating a dedicated workspace, or setting specific times for checking emails and social media.
Use time management techniques. Explore various techniques such as the Pomodoro Technique (25 minutes of focused work followed by a 5-minute break) or time blocking to enhance your concentration and productivity.
Create a daily “To Do” list. Or better yet, create a “To be Done” list. Prioritize the list by placing the important tasks at the top. This list should be no more than 5-10 tasks long. Generate this list in the afternoon for the next day or first thing in the morning before you start the day.
Review and adjust. Regularly assess your time management strategies. Reflect on what’s working and what isn’t and be willing to adjust your approach as needed. Flexibility is key to finding what best suits your lifestyle.
Conclusion
Taking control of your time is about making conscious decisions that align with your values and goals.
By implementing effective time management strategies, you can create a balanced life that fosters personal growth, reduces stress, and enhances overall happiness. Remember, time is a limited resource; invest it wisely, and you’ll reap the benefits for years to come.
By committing to these practices, you’re not just managing time; you’re taking charge of your life. So, start today—your future self will thank you!
Time Management:
Taking Control of Your Life
2:45 pm - 4:15 pm
Complete schedule beginning on page 6.
Be sure to attend the Landscape Pro University on January 29, 2025, to hear a presentation on Time Management by Jud Griggs of the Harvest Business Consulting Group. He will go into detail on how to manage your time more effectively and give you some tools that will work.
by Donna Jones, Head of Sales, Ace Resin LTD
In an era where environmental sustainability is more than just a trend, the construction industry is evolving rapidly to embrace innovative materials that offer both aesthetic appeal and ecological responsibility.
Resin bound surfacing is at the forefront of this movement, presenting a versatile solution that caters to the needs of contractors, architects, and designers alike.
This article explores the myriad benefits of resin bound surfacing, with a particular focus on its sustainability credentials.
BEFORE: Cracked concrete driveway
AFTER: Resin bound permeable surfacing
Resin bound surfacing is a modern paving solution that combines aggregates with a durable resin binder. The result is a smooth, permeable surface that is suitable for various applications, from driveways and pathways to commercial and public spaces. The permeability of resin bound systems allows water to drain through the surface, reducing the risk of flooding and promoting sustainable drainage.
For contractors, time is money. One of the standout features of resin bound surfacing is its quick installation process. Unlike traditional paving methods, which can be labor-intensive and time-consuming, resin bound systems can often be laid and transform landscape areas in a single day. This efficiency not only reduces labor costs but also minimizes disruption for clients, making it an attractive option for residential and commercial projects.
In today’s regulatory landscape, adherence to environmental standards is paramount. Resin bound surfacing is compliant with key regulations, including the CWA (Clean Water Act), which emphasizes the importance of sustainable drainage solutions. The permeable nature of these surfaces facilitates water infiltration, helping to manage surface runoff effectively and reduce the burden on stormwater systems, alleviating flooding.
Furthermore, resin bound systems can also be designed to meet ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) requirements, ensuring accessibility without compromising on style. This dual compliance enhances their appeal to architects and designers who prioritize both functionality and inclusivity in their projects.
Resin bound surfacing is available in a wide range of colors providing architects and designers with the creative freedom to customize their projects. Whether aiming for a contemporary finish or a more traditional look, resin bound systems can be tailored compliment any scheme. The seamless appearance of these surfaces not only enhances visual appeal but also creates a unified
look that is often difficult to achieve with other paving materials, increasing kerb appeal.
One of the most compelling advantages of resin bound surfacing lies in its sustainability credentials. The materials used in resin bound systems are often sourced from recycled materials, reducing the need for virgin materials and minimizing the carbon footprint associated with extraction and processing. Additionally, the resin itself can be formulated with bio-based components, further enhancing its eco-friendly profile.
The permeability of resin bound surfacing plays a crucial role in sustainable urban development. By allowing rainwater, up to 2 gallons per square foot per second, to percolate through the surface, these systems help recharge groundwater supplies and reduce surface runoff, mitigating the risks of urban flooding. This is particularly important in densely populated areas, where impervious surfaces dominate the landscape.
Contractors and clients alike appreciate the low maintenance requirements of resin bound surfacing. Unlike traditional materials that may crack or shift over time, resin bound systems are designed to be durable and resilient. Regular cleaning is often all that is needed to keep these surfaces looking their best, saving both time and resources in the long run.
Moreover, the longevity of resin bound surfacing means that it can withstand the rigors of vehicular traffic and changing weather conditions, making it a wise investment for both residential and commercial projects. This durability aligns with sustainable building practices by reducing the frequency of repairs or replacements.
Resin bound surfacing is more than just a paving option; it is a forward-thinking solution that meets the diverse needs of contractors, architects, and designers while prioritizing sustainability. With its quick installation, compliance with essential regulations, aesthetic versatility, and eco-friendly attributes, resin bound surfacing is well-positioned to become a go-to choice in modern construction projects.
As the landscape industry continues to shift towards more sustainable practices, the adoption of innovative materials like resin bound surfacing will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of our built environment. By investing in these advanced solutions, professionals can not only enhance their projects but also contribute to a more sustainable future for generations to come.
Permeable and Alternative Surfaces for Hardscapes
1:00 pm - 2:30 pm
Complete schedule beginning on page 6.
Incorporating resin bound surfacing into your next project is not just a smart choice; it’s a commitment to sustainability and excellence in design. Embrace the benefits of this innovative material, and together, let’s pave the way for a greener tomorrow.
Come and meet with us at Landscape Pro University 2025!
Donna Jones Head of Sales
ACE RESIN LTD Unit 17 Little Braxted Hall | Witham Road | Little Braxted | CM8 3EU
by Ben Gandy and Ken Thomas, Envisor Consulting
Getting estimating right is one of the keys to business success. “Getting it right” means understanding the context, the science and the art.
Estimating is one step in your business workflow. The workflow starts with the opportunity, or lead. Taking on the wrong kind of work seldom goes well downstream. Part of your estimating practice should include turning away work that is outside of your wheelhouse, or unqualified.
The next step along the workflow is design, or scope development.
The more uniform and consistent you can be, the easier it is to get estimating right (not to mention production and invoicing). Consistency with scope development for maintenance projects means developing a standard minimum scope and sticking with it.
Upselling the scope with extras might work out, but down-selling it, i.e., selling less than a standard minimum, seldom works well for your client or business. Consistent design development for installation means sticking with a material pallet that is readily available most of the time, and designing features that can be replicated (think fire pits, patios and wall designs that can be copied into other properties with variations in color, pattern or textures without having to start from scratch).
Steps in your workflow past estimating include purchasing, production, invoicing and job closeout (or renewal). Production personnel as well and administrators need clear information from the estimating process to minimize their need to swim “upstream” to get information.
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Estimating must be costs based, i.e., the estimate must be based on the costs for the materials, subcontractors and labor.
Material costs are straight forward, the only caveat being that inflation continues to push material costs up – check with your suppliers frequently. Consider verbiage in your proposals that limits your exposure, such as “price valid for 90 days.”
Subcontract costs should also be straight forward with the only caveat being “get it in writing” (along with the payment terms).
Labor is more nuanced. Professionals use production rates to generate labor hours. For example, a production rate for a 48” mower might be 30,000 square feet per hour (maintenance estimating). If a property has 140,000 square feet of turf, that means it’ll take 4.67 hours to mow. If your standard scope is 30 occurrences, 140 hours will need to be included in your estimate for the season. The production rate for planting a 3-gallon shrub might be 0.25 hours (15 minutes). A landscape plan with forty 3-gallon shrubs will need to include 10 hours to install these shrubs.
Does the mowing production rate include weedeating and blowing? Does the shrub planting production rate include delivery, prep, mulch and water? That’s up to you. Your organization must choose your production rates and define these.
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Once costs have been gathered for labor, material and subcontractors, a markup must be applied the yields a price. The markup corresponds to your budget. If your overhead costs are 1,000,000 per year and you have the capacity to sell and produce 2,000,000 per year, you must mark up your costs to 100% (x 200) to make enough money to pay all your overhead costs and break even, a 50% Gross Margin. To make a 10% profit, you should mark up your costs 110% (x 222), a 55% Gross Margin. Learn to embrace the math. Its mission is critical to your success.
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Everyone in your organization must estimate in the same way, using the same production rates, in the same way, along with the same formulas.
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If you’ve gotten this far, you have questions.
See page 32 for details! 4 4
There are some operations that have no production rates associated with them. How can you get labor hours (labor costs) without product rates?
These items include demolition, clean up, load and unload, layout (installation), as well as dead walks, leaf removal, weed control (maintenance). There simply are not good production rates for these items; it’s a guess. Your guess should come from experience and be thoughtful, however, there’s no denying that it’s a guess. Be conservative, that is, it will probably take longer than you think.
Once you have gathered your costs, and made your markup, there’s still determining the final price. There are circumstances where you might consider raising the price, others where you might consider lowering it.
How bad do you want it?
If you’re desperate for work, you might consider lowering the price to have some assurance of getting the work. If you choose to lower the price, simply reduce your markup (lower your gross margin). Don’t take labor hours out of your estimate to lower that price - you’re creating a losing game for your production team when you do. Remember, lowering your margin will make it more difficult to be profitable, your overheads don’t go down just because you’re hungry.
You might have an opportunity with a strategically important client, someone you’ve been trying to connect with for a while. Lowing the price to get in the door might be wise in the long run.
You might also raise your price from time to time. What if you’re over-sold and have a long backlog? You’re likely going to be doing work on overtime or bring in extra resources to get it done, so raise your price accordingly. You might also raise your price to less desirable clients. Maybe they’ll turn you down, but if they don’t, at least you’ll be well paid.
Summary
Estimating is a critical juncture in your workflow. A well-defined and understood workflow will help ensure integrity in your estimating.
Estimating must be costs based. Labor costs are based on production rates. Costs are marked up to provide a price based on the needs of your budget. Understanding math is critical to being a successful businessperson.
The strategy, or physiology, of the final price is nuanced. There may be compelling reasons to raise or lower your price, but do so with the margin, and understand the business implications.
Organizational Development: How to Scale Your Business 9:15 am - 10:45 am
LEAN IN the Landscape: Field Level Productivity Training 1:00 pm - 2:30 pm
Complete schedule beginning on page 6.
by Brett Stewart, EOS Worldwide
I helped my clients set Rocks (key quarterly initiatives) 111 times during the past year, and the majority of those sessions yielded at least one rock aimed at bringing a new employee into the business.
That’s not surprising; great people make a great business, and the labor market is tight. But Recruiting Rocks are notoriously difficult. Even if you do everything right – prepare a great job description, work your network, engage a talented recruiter, etc. – you have little control over whether a person that fits your core values and the skill set needed shows up during that 90-day period.
So what do you do when confronted with a goal like this, where a key element of the outcome is out of your control? My advice is to aim low, and before you break out in cries of heresy, give me four minutes to explain.
What if, instead of creating this Rock: “Fill the Marketing Seat,” you created this Rock: “Launch the recruiting process and interview three candidates for the Marketing seat”? That’s what many of my clients have done recently, and a funny thing has been happening: they have been getting the seat filled faster than the clients that set the more aggressive Rock of filling the seat. Why would this seemingly low bar create faster results?
We prioritize things we can get done. We all have more on our plates than we can do, so no matter how well we believe we prioritize, we sort our list for things we can
get done, some way to earn a little serotonin hit. I can get the first step of a manageable Rock done today. And tomorrow I can probably do the next step, and on and on until it’s finished. On the other hand, if the Rock is too daunting, I’m likely to never get started.
Focus creates tunnel vision. The pressure of a big, outcome-oriented Rock creates a level of focus that crowds out the creative thinking required for most complex problems. This effect is exacerbated if the Rock owner fears the repercussions of not successfully completing it.
More manageable Rocks tend to be system focused. They effectively install the disciplines that will make us successful, so even if we don’t make it this quarter, we have a process in place that will eventually get us there. The more aggressive, outcome-focused Rocks encourage rifle shots that don’t create an ongoing system of progress towards the goal.
If you’re still not with me, ask yourself this question: Can I trust my people to give their full effort for the greater good of our business? If you answered “yes,” you don’t need a big, aggressive Rock. You just need to get them started and let them do the rest. If you answered “no,” you have a people problem that no Rock, regardless of how well it is crafted, will address.
And if you’re still not sold, give it a test run. Take a “portfolio” approach where some of your Rocks are low-risk, system-oriented Rocks that create dependable improvement and the rest are of the high-risk, highreward variety. After a couple of quarters, you should find your sweet spot.
I’ll close with an offer: if you have any questions about Rocks, shoot me a note, and I’ll give you thirty minutes of my time to see how we can get you on the path to setting the perfect Rocks for your organization.
About the author
I help entrepreneurs and their leadership teams solve root problems, lead more effectively, and gain Traction® in their businesses through a simple, proven operating system.
by Dan Whitehead
"More than 40 trillion gallons of rain drenched the Southeast United States in the last week from Hurricane Helene and a run-of-the-mill rainstorm that sloshed in ahead of it — an unheard-of amount of water that has stunned experts.
Private meteorologist Ryan Maue, a former NOAA chief scientist, calculated the amount of rain, using precipitation measurements made in 2.5-mile-by-2.5-mile grids as measured by satellites and ground observations. He came up with 40 trillion gallons through Sunday for the eastern United States, with 20 trillion gallons of that hitting just Georgia, Tennessee, the Carolinas and Florida from Hurricane Helene.
Several meteorologists said this was a combination of two, maybe three storm systems. Before Helene struck, rain had fallen heavily for days because a low-pressure system had “cut off” from the jet stream which moves weather systems along west to east — and stalled over the Southeast."
~ Seth Borenstein, AP Science Writer
This was an event of east vs. west for nurserymen in Florida, Georgia and the Carolinas as those on the eastern side of the storm felt the full effects. Helene came ashore in the “Big Bend” region of Florida from Tampa to Tallahassee as a Cat 4 Hurricane. As it moved north it pounded this area with sustained winds of 140 mph and storm surge. There are several growers in this area and they did as much storm prep as possible by laying down trees…but no one expected this kind of storm.
When it moved north as a Cat 2 it tracked from Valdosta toward Hartwell. The power of the east side of the storm affected several growers with extensive wind damage and power outages. Container tree and shrub growers were the most affected due to the nursery infrastructure and product being blown around. Then came the challenges of getting pumps restored for irrigating product that has limited shelf life without consistent watering.
The Upstate of South Carolina and Western North Carolina received the most catastrophic damage from flash flooding as the storm was just under the Cat 1 level of 74 mph sustained winds. This area is prime territory for growers.
Some areas experienced extreme losses, but everyone has suffered. Nurserymen lost family members and my heart is heavy for these men and women.
In speaking with a tree grower shortly after the storm, he made it clear: ”We are working quickly to get back on our feet and the best thing our industry can do is to send us some business.”
It is human nature to avoid tragic situations, but cleaning up is costly and requires revenue. Let’s keep these growers in our prayers and on our minds when we need to place orders.
About the author
Dan Whitehead is a horticulturist and owner of HortSource, LLC dan@hortsource.net
by Dr. Julie Campbell & Dr. Ping Yu, University of Georgia
After a major wind event such as a hurricane, greenhouse growers face unique challenges that can significantly impact both short-term revenues and longterm profitability.
Although plants within the greenhouse may not immediately appear to be a total loss, their salability and growth potential can be compromised. Growers should assess and document plant health and structural damage immediately following the event and continue this documentation over the following months, and in some cases, throughout multiple growing cycles.
Damaged plants are at an increased risk of pest and disease infestation because of their weakened conditions, which can affect subsequent crops and spread throughout the greenhouse if not properly managed.
In many cases, the cost of rehabilitating damaged plants, including the increased labor and time required to restore them to a marketable condition, may outweigh the economic benefits of continuing their production. Growers should take these additional production costs into account, especially when discussing insurance
claims related to crop damage. It may be necessary to cull severely affected plants to avoid further infestations or the spread of disease.
Aside from plant damage, growers must also consider potential losses related to the greenhouse structure and essential inputs. High winds can damage greenhouse frames, glazing, and ventilation systems, which are critical to maintaining optimal growing conditions.
Damage to heating, cooling, and irrigation systems may interrupt climate control and plant hydration, potentially resulting in temperature stress, drought, or flooding of crops. Additionally, power outages can cripple essential systems like pumps, fans, or lights, leading to significant production downtime and plant stress.
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Another critical area of concern is the loss of input. Containers can be tipped over, spilling media, fertilizers, or herbicides. In such cases, the loss of nutrients or preemergence weed protection will require prompt remediation, including reapplication of fertilizers or manual weeding. Exposed pesticides, nutrients, and growing media may be rendered unusable if damaged by water or wind, adding to input costs. Growers must also remain vigilant about potential contamination of inputs that remain in compromised storage conditions.
To mitigate the effects of hurricanes on greenhouse operations, growers should:
Document pre-storm conditions: Take photos or videos of infrastructure and plant materials to be able to compare conditions pre- and post-storm.
Reinforce greenhouse structures: Inspect and secure all frames, poly films, and glazing before hurricane season. Remove coverings if high winds are forecasted.
Floodproofing: Ensure proper drainage around greenhouses and use sandbags to prevent water intrusion.
Protect crops: Move sensitive plants indoors or to more secure locations. Harvest crops before the storm if possible.
Prepare for power outages: Have a backup generator ready to maintain essential systems, such as ventilation, cooling, and irrigation.
Hurricane and storm damage can impact your business not only in the short term but also may have long-lasting effects on production. Timely cleanup and restoration are important to lessen any lasting impacts.
After the hurricane, it’s essential to assess damage to both structures and crops immediately. Repairing structural damage should be prioritized to restore environmental control. Crop recovery may involve pruning damaged sections, replanting where necessary, and monitoring for disease or pest outbreaks. Document all damage for insurance purposes and consider the long-term viability of rehabilitating crops versus replanting.
Check in with your county Extension agent, state associations, and other relevant agencies to keep up with any emergency programs that may provide financial or other assistance. Keep records of all expenses and document your process of recovery. This will be essential if you have substantial damage and intend to use one of
Hurricanes pose significant risks to greenhouse production, from physical infrastructure damage to long-term crop health issues. By understanding the types of damage that occur during and after a storm, growers can take proactive measures to safeguard their crops and reduce economic losses. Proper preparation and timely recovery efforts are crucial to maintaining a successful greenhouse operation in the wake of a hurricane.
About the authors
Happy Customers, the first time. Get it right with a quality sod that will root and thrive immediately
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by Bryan Tolar, Tolar Capitol Partners
As 2025 begins, a new legislative session is about to roll in. When lawmakers return to the State Capitol in January, the 236-member Georgia General Assembly will welcome just 22 new faces. For the sake of comparison, in 2022, 52 new legislators joined the General Assembly. Power remains with Republicans as they hold majorities in both chambers with a 33-23 advantage in the Georgia Senate and a 100-80 lead in the Georgia House of Representatives. This doesn’t mean things won’t change though.
While key Republican leadership posts are not likely to shift, Georgia’s Democrats have shuffled the deck in the House and Senate to select new roles. Such adjustments matter. In addition, once the 2025 legislative session begins, we will see changes to several committeeswhich is where much of the legislative work (and our engagement) on policy takes place.
The Georgia Urban Agriculture Council is pleased to be your eyes, ears, and voice throughout this 40-day legislative marathon. Be sure to keep up with our weekly summaries where we dive in on items of interest to the industry, plus those that we believe are also worthy of mention. UAC’s Capitol Connection reports are not cookie cutter news and are always free of “ChatGPT.” It’s all us…and we call it like we see it to provide the insider view you deserve.
The list of likely policy topics indeed give the sense of déjà vu, but some new items are already taking shape as the two-year biennium (2025-2026) is set to begin.
Picking up where we left off last year…Civil Justice Reform (also known as Tort Reform) and the need to stop jackpot juries that are causing huge increases in the cost of insurance. We hear concerns about escalating premises liability expenditures on a regular basis – we certainly recognize help is needed to address property liability insurance rates as it relates to third-party crimes.
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Property insurance prices for businesses have been increasing and/or having increased exclusions to existing coverages upon renewal. It remains a BIG problem.
UAC and the business community took a swing at this issue in 2024. It was likened to a school yard brawl between business interests and lawsuit junkies as the trial lawyers placated to their “we get you cash” crowd.
We are gearing up with a great network of business groups, including the Independent Insurance Agents of Georgia and the Georgia Chamber, to make another run this year.
We have more pricing and risk data available this year. We also expect increased engagement from Governor Kemp on this issue, but this will still be a tough battle.
Lawmakers are dealing with Hurricane Helene relief much the same way they addressed Hurricane Michael relief in 2018. Governor Kemp joined House Speaker Jon Burns and Lt. Governor Burt Jones to announce a proposal that would redirect $100 million to the Georgia Development Authority (GDA) to provide disaster relief financial support in the form of low interest loans for farmers and timber producers.
Regarding the use of these funds, $75 million will be provided to those in the agriculture industry and $25 million will go to disaster relief for those in the timber industry to support cleanup efforts and debris removal on timberland as well as the enhancement of fire control measures.
Disaster disruptions in the agribusiness industry are having a negative effect on other areas of
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employment and commerce in addition to the direct losses from the storm.
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A preliminary report from the University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences estimates agricultural and forestry damages from Hurricane Helene will cost Georgia’s economy at least $6.46 billion. The Georgia Forestry Commission calculated the total forest resource impact of the storm at $1.28 billion.
Federal support is in process, but the money may be too slow to reach those in dire need. The low interest loans from the GDA will help bridge the financial gap for some.
Look for additional initiatives to surface, such as tax exemptions on emergency funding to help improve the position of those recovering from these devastating losses.
State leaders already have their focus on more tax rebates and reductions for 2025. Governor Kemp and members of the Georgia General Assembly announced plans to return over $1 billion to the taxpayers of Georgia. You’ll recall lawmakers have already done this twice in recent years. This proposed one-time, special refund would mirror the previous rebates.
Plans are to refund $250 to single tax filers, $375 to head-of-household filers, and $500 to married couples filing jointly. It must be approved by the legislature.
When you factor in these tax rebates, plus the multiple state gas tax suspensions, the 2023 homeowner tax relief grant, and acceleration of the income tax cut, these policies have saved Georgia taxpayers over $6.6 billion.
We could see even more income tax relief coming our way as well. In 2024, the state income tax was cut to 5.39%. If Georgia’s economic growth continues, look for another cut in 2025.
The challenge of metal theft is something we hear all too often from UAC members and stolen catalytic converters are a big part of the story. Because of this, UAC has always worked to tighten and protect parameters for secondary metals recyclers to accept such materials for cash payment. A two-year pilot project for cash payments was initiated in 2023, so it’s time to revisit this issue.
UAC worked with Senator Bo Hatchett to allow limited cash payments by secondary recyclers as part of a two-year pilot project, which ends soon. We remain concerned that cash payments could
influence the sale of stolen metal goods, including those from UAC member farms, nurseries, and businesses.
The same bill included several pro-active additions that allow law enforcement better legal tools to crack down on catalytic converter thefts. It also prohibited cash payment for catalytic converters. All such issues could be revisited in 2025.
In 2023, the Georgia General Assembly did a juggling act to provide a two-year window for an increased truck weight limit on state highways. Time is almost up, so we look for this conversation to surface again this year.
The 2023 law boosted the overall weight limit by 4,000 pounds, moving the cap from 84,000 to 88,000. The Georgia Department of Transportation fought this weight increase, but most of the agriculture and forestry interests support it. By increasing loads, it would reduce costs for fuel and drivers, plus it removes some trucks from the roadways. All good things.
The tussle between property rights and “navigable streams” is likely to continue in 2025. Interests saw improvement through legal clarifications in 2024, but lawmakers may take an extra step in this policy conversation. Property rights and water are always heated topics at the State Capitol, but there is no one better than House Natural Resources Committee Chair Lynn Smith to direct the conversation. She has more water policy experience than anyone serving in the legislature.
A House Study Committee led by Chairlady Smith recently held meetings to further evaluate navigable streams and potentially determine a list and map of such streams for legislative action in the future. They may release a report of any recommendations ahead of the legislative session.
Trespass on the privately owned beds of nonnavigable streams is not allowed, but some kayak/ canoe groups are pushing for some middle ground.
Other items of great importance will also be in play, with the State Budget at the top of that list. Expect legislation focused on artificial intelligence, school safety, gambling, and transportation planning, just to name a few. UAC is proud to have your investment as a member – we work to make sure that investment brings value to you and your business. As always, please let us know when we can be of assistance. 4 4 4 4 4
Late antics by the Senate prohibited the weight increase for trucks hauling into the 13-county area of metro Atlanta, putting sod growers and others hauling ag products into this area at a disadvantage – and keeping more trucks on the roads. All other parts of the state can haul up to 88,000lbs, within a 150-mile radius from the point of origin.
Thank you to our GrowPAC donors!
««««« Pike Creek Turf LLC
««««« The Turfgrass Group
«««« Tony Gibson
«««« HighGrove Partners
««« Sumter Sod LLC ««« Sunbelt Turf Farms
«« Joe Burns
«««« Stephen Johnson, Bartlett Tree Experts
««« King Green
««« McIntyre Turf Farm
««« Sodmasters
««« Sugar Hill Outdoors
«« Ed Castro
«« Bill Coleman
«« Russell Landscape Group
« Kevin Caldwell, Caldwell Tree Care/ Tree Guardian
Learn more and join them! Scan the QR code on the next page.
Georgia Urban Agriculture Council’s Political Action Committee Initiative
“Together
There is much our members have done individually to support elected leaders, and we want to build on this success while continuing to grow our outreach among elected leaders...together we grow
Government action can make the difference between the success of your business and the sustainability of our industry. As we experience each legislative session, the groups that we must battle for law changes have proven to be good at generating PAC contributions – we must compete in this arena.
To further these efforts, on July 11, 2024, your Georgia Urban Agriculture Council Board of Directors formed a Political Action Committee (PAC) called Georgia GrowPAC. This PAC has several functions, including:
« Supporting the campaigns of political candidates friendly to our initiatives;
« Educating elected officials and key decision makers on issues important to the landscape, turfgrass, nursery, and other sectors of the urban agriculture/green industry; and
« Advocating to advance our industry and commonalities.
Contributions from Georgia GrowPAC will be restricted to non-federal candidates in their races for legislative and statewide offices.
Georgia GrowPAC will be an effective tool for our industry to show strong support for candidates, especially in election years. Georgia GrowPAC needs your contribution. Your corporate or personal commitment will help us prepare today. To accomplish our goals, we have set up these levels of giving:
All donations are welcome.
««««« 5 Star: $2,500+
«««« 4 Star: $1,500
««« 3 Star: $1000
«« 2 Star: $500
« 1 Star: $250
Other: $50 - $249
Name of contributor (person or company):
Mailing address:
Phone number: Email address:
Checks payable to Georgia GrowPAC can be mailed to:
Georgia Urban Ag Council
2566 Shallowford Road, Suite 104 – Box 117 Atlanta, GA 30345
To pay by credit card, please contact: Mary Kay Woodworth Direct: 770-359-7337 Office: 706-750-0350
Georgia GrowPAC is an IRS 527 organization. Donations from individuals and/or businesses are not tax deductible.
by Mary Kay Woodworth
The US Department of Labor recently awarded the Georgia Department of Labor (Georgia DOL) a $4,000,000 Pathways Home grant to allow them to serve four hundred returning citizens transitioning from incarceration back to the private sector over the next 41 months as they navigate the journey of re-entering society, relocating, and finding new careers.
The Georgia DOL attributes a large part of the awarding of the grant to the firm commitments made by state industry trade associations, businesses, and state agencies, including the Georgia Urban Ag Council, in support of the mission of the Walking the Last Mile to Reentry ("WTLM") program during the grant application process.
The WTLM program aims to serve these returning citizens by helping them secure industry certifications that lead to job placements in the community. Georgia DOL will collaborate with these partners to help train and employ the WTLM participants and will continue to connect and support them after their release to ensure their success in the community.
They will partner with the Georgia Department of Corrections to work in Metro Atlanta Transitional Centers and at Phillips State Prison (Gwinnett County). For this initial grant period, they will focus on participants who are previously residing in, willing to reside in, or willing to work in areas of Gwinnett, Fulton, and DeKalb counties.
1. Georgia Department of Corrections will assist with referring participants to the WTLM program and placing potential participants in the facilities the Georgia DOL serves.
2. Georgia DOL staff will administer a battery of assessments to evaluate potential participants.
3. Accepted participants complete the 10-module "Makin' It Work" curriculum.
4. Engage participants in certification courses that can be completed within the facilities.
5. Complete job readiness training with the participants.
6. Refer participants for employment placement and supportive services. Certification assistance and job placement continue post-release.
7. Post-release, they will provide each participant with 12 months of case management services.
The timeline for the rollout of this program is:
Planning period:
> Onboarding new staff and completing staff training
> Continuing to refine our pilot program to transition into grant program
Period of performance:
January 1, 2025 - December 31, 2027
> Participants will be enrolled under the grant beginning January 1
> Participants receive a year of follow-up case management services beginning 90 days after they receive their last other service via the program.
Industry Advisory Board Members
Partner Industry Cluster
Georgia Urban Ag Council
Associated General Contractors of Georgia
Syfan Logistics and Syfan Transport
Georgia Restaurant Association
Horticultural/Green Industry
Construction and Building Trades
Materials Moving and Logistics
Food and Preparation Service
Georgia Association of Manufacturers Manufacturing
Georgia UAC’s commitment to the “Walking the Last Mile to Reentry”program
The Georgia Urban Ag Council will serve on the Industry Advisory Board, representing the horticulture, turfgrass and green industry.
We will validate Georgia DOL's labor market research and confirm the skills and credentials required for the most in-demand trade positions in these industries.
We will, with the expertise of UGA Extension and others, support Georgia DOL in pertinent program curriculum design and instruction.
Resilient and low maintenance
In October 2024, Sodmasters Turf Farm in Georgia celebrated a milestone with the harvest of their very first pallet of Cobalt® Hybrid St. Augustine.
Recently released to the market, Cobalt brings improved water efficiency, disease resistance and durability. Recent research indicates that, compared to other common St. Augustinegrasses, homeowners in the Southern U.S. can save over 6,000 gallons of water annually by installing Cobalt, making it a resilient low-maintenance choice.
With more availability across the Southeast, you can learn more or find out where to purchase Cobalt at CobaltStAugustine.com
We will use our network to assist Georgia DOL in developing industry career paths that may result in jobs, work-experience, shadowing, and/or preapprenticeship opportunities for eligible individuals who are being placed into unsubsidized jobs as appropriate.
We will collaborate with Georgia DOL to enable program participants to gain work experience and access to placement in the horticultural and green industry trades field.
We look forward to sharing additional information with our members in 2025. Thank you for your support!
by Bryan Tolar, Tolar Capitol Partners
TifTuf bermudagrass showcases landscape water conservation and drought tolerance of this turfgrass cultivar at a water industry trade show in Savannah, GA.
The term “drought resistant landscape” may conjure up images of rock gardens and artificial turf… which is a far cry from desirable. Georgia’s landscape industry has been in some strongarm battles with water providers for decades as we strived for irrigation access to maintain the favored plants and turfgrass that are emblematic of southern landscapes. Our climate provides all of the resources needed for beautiful landscapes, but getting rain at just the right time will forever be fleeting.
Pressures for increased need of limited water resources grow steadily to address new communities, population density, and economic investments. The 2007-2009 drought shook state water policies and hampered the entire landscape industry and many plant providers who serve this thriving sector of the agricultural economy.
Tough drought conversations reimaged a vision for longlasting, drought tolerant landscapes. The issue was thrust to the top of the list for innovation and implementation by stakeholders, but as drought concerns grew, time was not on our side. Water providers needed answers and opportunities to avoid prohibiting outdoor irrigation.
Some western states and population centers had a history of vilifying turfgrass irrigation, turning neighbors against neighbors and shaming those with manicured
landscapes. Change was needed to stem that tide - and research by top turfgrass breeders answered the call.
While bermudagrasses have long been recognized as using less water than other warm season turf types, opportunities were on the horizon to see improved drought tolerance. The promise of reduced water use would benefit every sun-drenched southern landscape through lower water use and top performance. When it comes to water conservation and beautiful lawns, a new option was needed and the University of Georgia Turf Team delivered.
After being tested and re-tested for decades ahead of being launched into the marketplace in 2015, the drought tolerance of the new bermudagrass cultivar, TifTuf, gave the market exactly what it needed. Now, recordsetting adoption of TifTuf has it justifiably recognized as the “alpha grass” in the world of water saving turf. In 2024, it surpassed the two billion mark of square feet sold and installed. This makes it by far the fastest warm season turfgrass to achieve such a milestone - and it was accomplished in less than 10 years.
By reducing water use by 38% over the most commonly used bermudagrass, TifTuf is also the only turfgrass to earn the Smart Drop Certified designation, which recognizes water conservation in tested and qualified consumer goods. Gamechanging genetics allowed for its outstanding performance and the water savings are realized year after year.
Consumers welcome options in the marketplace, so other grasses are in development and testing that will one day provide choices for more water savings, less fertilizer use, increased shade tolerance, and more.
As for water savings, Atlanta and other regions have taken notice as water shortages have no boundaries. Data showing a 38% reduction in irrigation is an attention grabber by any community planner or water provider. This prompted the well-respected Georgia Association of Water Professionals (GAWP) to recognize UGA’s Turf
Team twice with water conservation awards in recent years. In 2022, Dr. Brian Schwartz was honored for his success in breeding TifTuf bermudagrass and work on other drought tolerant turfgrass cultivars. Then, in 2024, Dr. Clint Waltz and the University of Georgia Turfgrass Team - Griffin campus were honored for their outstanding research, data collection and education on saving water using drought tolerant turfgrass. Having turfgrass research and drought tolerant cultivars recognized and receiving awards from the water industry is the shift in conversation the landscape industry has been seeking.
Exceptional drought tolerant turfgrass was once thought to be a unicorn among landscape planning, but UGA and TifTuf have dispelled that myth. TifTuf is not a one-trick pony, but its drought tolerance and water conserving characteristics are the talk of towns in Georgia and all the way across the southern zone to California.
In fact, the popular Atlanta based Water-Wise Landscape Planning Guide was updated to include TifTuf as the referenced drought tolerant bermudagrass to use when designing a landscape. Reducing water use while maintaining an attractive landscape is a win for everyone.
Congratulations to UGA’s Turf Team in Griffin, as well as their other team members in Tifton and Athens for doing the work to chart new paths for landscape development and reduced impact on our water resources. TifTuf changed the water conservation conversation, but work continues – unicorn herding never stops.
Dr. Heather Kirk-Ballard has joined the UGA Department of Horticulture at the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (CAES) as an Assistant Professor and Extension Specialist in Sustainable Urban Landscapes. Based at UGA - Athens, she is developing education and Extension programming that emphasizes environmentally friendly landscaping practices with a strong focus on climate resilience. Her work promotes biodiversity in urban landscapes, encourages the use of native plants, and advocates for the use of permeable materials in hardscaping and water conservation techniques. Additionally, she supports efforts to reduce stormwater pollution, chemical use, and food waste.
Dr. Kirk-Ballard is also interested in understanding the impact of planned vegetative plantings on reducing the heat island effect in urban areas. Through her programs, she aims to educate students, communities, professionals, and policymakers on designing and maintaining landscapes that not only enhance urban aesthetics
but also contribute to environmental sustainability, biodiversity, and climate resilience.
Kirk-Ballard’s appointment is 55% Extension, 40% Teaching and 5% Service. Beginning in Spring 2025, she will teach HORT 4090/6090 Sustainable Landscape Management and HORT 3440 Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants. Future classes are under construction.
Kirk-Ballard was most recently at Louisiana State University, where she also received her Ph.D., Renewable Natural Resources (2012); M.S., Plant and Soil Systems (2004), B. S., Plant and Soil Systems (2001).
We look forward to working with Dr. Kirk-Ballard and welcome her to Georgia and UAC events!
by Dan Whitehead
Nursery growers have many options of what to plant in their field these days. Most farms have a mix of deciduous trees and evergreens. The demand for shade trees and ornamentals will fluctuate based on design trends. The more constant demand is for EVERGREENS! A wise nurseryman once told me… “As long as there are neighbors, there will be a demand for evergreens.”
There is a psychology about planting evergreens. Many people value a level of seclusion and privacy. In an urban setting it is often cost prohibitive to have enough land to accomplish this goal. Thus, the phrase, “Good fences make good neighbors,” makes perfect sense. I believe that if designed properly, “Great evergreens make great fences!”
So….What constitutes a great evergreen? The next few paragraphs will offer insight on three new evergreen introductions that qualify as great (in my opinion).
Landscape architects and designers have gravitated toward using more native trees and shrubs and for good reason…there are long-term benefits to this design preference. The difficulty has sometimes been how to achieve a level of product uniformity. Improved selections (cultivars) have been a way to achieve this goal.
Eastern Red Cedar is a prime example. One of the best new selections that I have seen in my career is a selection called Juniperus virginiana, Jacks Creek Eastern Red Cedar.
This variety is exceptionally clean growing and uniform in its appearance. The grey-green foliage keeps good color year-round. The mature size is 40 ft tall and 25 ft wide. The species is known as a tough conifer that can prosper in tough environments. Jacks Creek adds a distinct level of consistency and colorful accent.
Cryptomeria japonica, also known as Japanese Cedar, was introduced from Japan into US landscapes in 1861. This long-lived conifer has several cultivars ranging in dwarf sizes to large maturing trees. The most popular varieties are ‘Yoshino’ and ‘Radican’. Both are full-size evergreens attaining heights of 60 to 70 feet. A selection that was recently introduced is called Cryptomeria japonica 'CJMTFZ' - Kashyma® Japanese Cedar.
Kashyma® Cryptomeria is a medium height selection of 40 feet and width of 25 feet. The canopy has a dense body and fine texture in comparison to its bigger cousin Yoshino.
A crossbred selection of Western Red Cedar and Japanese Arborvitae was introduced to the United States in 1967
when the U.S. National Arboretum received a specimen. This is the beginnings of what we affectionately call Green Giant Thuja. This is the most popular evergreen conifer planted today. We should applaud the person who included “Giant” in naming this tree for their honesty regarding the width. Eventually, the loss of usable landscape in a desire to screen property lines necessitated finding a more compact solution. One unique solution for this situation is Thuja plicata 'TPMTF' - Everyst® Arborvitae.
Everyst® has rich dark green foliage and holds this color during the cold winter months. Mature size is 35’-40’ tall by 10’-12’ wide. This cultivar thrives in well-drained soils. Like most Thuja plicata, it is deer resistant and more shade tolerant than most other conifers.
Life is better when we have options. In a world full of evergreen opportunities, we now have three creative options: Jacks Creek Eastern Red Cedar, Kashyma® Cryptomeria, and Everyst® Arborvitae.
About the author Dan Whitehead is a horticulturist and owner of HortSource, LLC dan@hortsource.net
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by Dr. David Jespersen, Associate Professor, University of Georgia
Imagine it is a warm summer day, you’re in the yard soaking up the sunshine. Just then several children run right on top of you, and you realize you haven’t had any water to drink in the last 20 days. This is the distressing life of a turfgrass plant, tasked with giving us beautiful and functional landscapes, while bearing the brunt of everyday life.
Plants, like all living things, respond to their environment in order to ensure their survival. However, unlike animals, plants can’t walk to the shade when it gets too hot, or turn on the tap when they get thirsty. Instead, plants need a different set of strategies that allow them to utilize the resources they have access to, while at the same time making sure they can still survive when conditions turn tough.
When I think of environmental stresses, I like to start by thinking about all the factors that are needed for a turfgrass plant to thrive and grow.
Plants need light, air, water, and mineral nutrients, as well as an appropriate range of temperature. If any of these factors shift outside of the desired range, damage can occur, ultimately leading to decline in overall turf quality, thinning and loss of canopy density, and eventually plant death, leaving bare and unsightly areas in the landscape.
1: Comparison in drought performance between drought tolerant ‘TifTuf’ on the left and the old standard, ‘Tifway’ on the right, highlighting the importance of cultivar selection.
One frequently discussed topic is the use of water for turf areas. All plants need water, but turfgrasses in some communities have gotten the reputation of using too much water and wasting resources. While turfgrass plants are fairly resilient during periods of drought, they will first start to wilt, then leaf firing will start, eventually leading to the brown dry canopy we associated with prolonged droughts.
One of the challenges is that the irrigation decisions we make before a drought occurs can have lasting impacts on how plants cope with and recover from drought conditions.
This ranges from a deficit of water that reduces growth, to over irrigation that uses more water than needed, and actually discourages deeper rooting and long-term drought tolerance.
Another challenge is that the weather is unpredictable. Since the amount of water used by plants is dictated by environmental conditions, this means the amount of irrigation may need to be adjusted up or down depending on the weather. Smart irrigation controllers are one potential solution to this problem, which take into account local weather to adjust the amount of water put out. Similarly, the use of sensors is more and more common to try to quantify the amount of water in the soil available to plants to inform irrigation decisions.
Increasingly, technology is being leveraged to support irrigation decisions to be more resource efficient.
Selecting the best cultivar for a given planting location is a critical factor. Improved cultivars with greater drought performance can be the difference between maintaining a healthy stand of turf and losing significant amounts of leaf tissues during periodic droughts (Figure 1). Ultimately, it is the interaction between the environment, the plant, and the management inputs that affect the stress tolerance of a given turf area.
Another commonly encountered issue is traffic and compaction. Since our turfgrass areas have a functional component we can expect traffic across these surfaces, whether that is the family dog or the town’s soccer team. This traffic stress can cause tearing and bruising to leaf tissues, but probably more problematic are the potentially long-term effects on the soil due to compaction. This effects the pore spaces in the soil, ultimately impeding water drainage, reducing oxygen for plants, and limiting the growth of roots and creating a thin canopy. While starting with the right rootzone is always critical, alleviating compaction and amending the soil can be critical to reduce the long-term effects of compaction.
A frequent stress found in many landscapes is shade. Turfgrasses are by in large sun-loving plants that need about 8 hours of sunlight to thrive. Buildings as well as trees are the most common causes of reduced light in turfgrass environments. The change in the amount of light received by the turf canopy ultimately deprives the plant the ability to make enough energy for growth, and signals for the plant to invest energy into vertical growth (Figure 2). This vertical growth is an evolved response to compete with other plants for light, but unfortunately a turfgrass is never going to outgrow an oak tree or the house it is growing next to, ultimately losing the energy invested in those tall leaf tissues the next time the grass is mowed. Over time, the plant loses more energy than it can gain through photosynthesis, resulting in a bare surface. As with drought, selecting the right plant is one of the most impactful decisions that can be made. There is a wide range of shade tolerance based on the specific turfgrass species used. There are also differences among cultivars within a given turfgrass species, but generally these differences are smaller than are seen between species (Figure 3).
Understanding plant requirements and how environmental stresses affect plants is the first step towards diagnosing and correcting these problems. On January 29th, along with a slate of other great speakers at the Landscape Pro University event, we will talk about in more detail how challenging environments affect
Abiotic Stress and Disorders in Turf Areas
2:45 pm - 4:15 pm
Complete schedule beginning on page 6.
turfgrasses, how turfgrass respond to these conditions, and importantly how input and management decisions can allow turfgrasses to thrive in the face of challenging conditions.
Figure 3: Differences in performance between a more shade tolerant zoysiagrass and more shade sensitive bermudagrass.
by Bodie Pennisi, Rachel Smith, and Heather Alley
Monarda, commonly known as beebalm, is a North American perennial naturally found in woodlands, meadows, and floodplains (Fig. 1). Monarda belongs to the mint family, and shares features with other relatives, such as leaf fragrance (due to essential oils). The bestknown species, M. citriodora (lemon bergamot), M. didyma (sweet bergamot), M. fistulosa (wild bergamot), and M. punctata (dotted monarda), and the ornamental M. bradburiana, and M. x hybrida hort. (hybrids of M. didyma and M. fistulosa), have been studied for their essential oil composition and ethnobotanical uses.
Aside from its aesthetics, bee balm offers environmental benefits, as its flowers, seeds, and shoots provide forage
and habitat for many species of wildlife, including insects and birds.
The genus has many cultivars established in the garden trade and several species native to Georgia. Monarda has been trialed at the Chicago Botanic Garden and Mt. Cuba Center but in-depth studies from southeastern locales are scarce. We set out to investigate how ten Monarda taxa popular in the trade performed in the montane and piedmont Georgia regions. Of particular interest for us were horticultural performance in the landscape, time and length of bloom (flower phenology), and powdery mildew tolerance. Powdery mildew is a bane of many garden plants, but bee balm has been particularly affected by it. The disease symptoms include white growth (Fig. 2), especially in conditions with high humidity and temperature fluctuations.
Of the ten species and cultivars (called taxa) included in our study, eight are distinctive in the coloration of floral parts. For example, within the species M. punctata, the GA and NJ ecotypes (ecotype means seed source) vary in bract color; M. punctata GA has pink bracts while the latter displays white.
This species is native to the central United States and is known for its compact growth habit and high tolerance to powdery mildew. It blooms in late April and May, providing early-season color. Its smaller size makes it ideal for front borders or small garden spaces. It showed the highest tolerance to powdery mildew among all taxa.
One of the key findings of the study was the variation in flowering periods among the different Monarda taxa. By carefully selecting species that bloom at different times, gardeners can ensure a continuous display of flowers from late spring through early fall. For instance, Monarda bradburiana blooms in late April and May, while Monarda punctata extends the flowering season into September and October.
The study also highlighted the role of environmental conditions in the performance of Monarda. Factors such as soil type, watering practices, and sunlight exposure all played a role in plant success. For example, Monarda thrives in well-drained soil and full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Proper spacing is also crucial to reduce the risk of disease, as good air circulation around the plants can help prevent the spread of powdery mildew.
The study revealed several standout cultivars that excelled in multiple categories:
> Monarda ‘Jacob Cline’: This cultivar was a top performer in terms of flowering, producing an abundance of large, vibrant red flowers. It also demonstrated excellent disease resistance, making it a reliable choice for gardeners.
> Monarda ‘Petite Delight’: Known for its compact growth habit, this cultivar is ideal for smaller gardens
A
cultivar of Monarda didyma, this plant is bred for its compact size and vibrant purple blooms. It performed well in the first season but struggled to persist in the southern climate of Athens, Georgia. It is best used in annual displays or in regions with milder climates. It had moderate susceptibility to powdery mildew.
9:15 am - 10:45 am
Complete schedule beginning on page 6.
or container planting. Despite its size, it did not compromise on bloom quantity or quality.
> Monarda ‘Raspberry Wine’: This cultivar stood out for its unique color, with deep raspberry-red flowers that added a striking contrast to garden landscapes. It also showed good tolerance to powdery mildew.
> Choose disease-tolerant plants: Select straight species such as Monarda bradburiana and cultivars known for their tolerance to powdery mildew, such as ‘Jacob Cline’ or ‘Raspberry Wine’.
Monarda didyma: Commonly known as beebalm or Oswego tea, this species is native to the eastern United States. It is known for its large, showy flowers and aromatic foliage. However, it was more susceptible to powdery mildew compared to other species.
> Plant in full sun: Beebalm thrives in full sun but can tolerate partial shade. Ensure your plants get at least 6 hours of sunlight daily.
> Provide good air circulation: Space plants properly for good air circulation, which can help prevent disease.
> Water wisely: Water beebalm at the base of the plant to keep the foliage dry and reduce the risk of mildew. Avoid overhead watering if possible.
> Deadhead spent blooms: Removing spent flowers can encourage additional blooming and keep your plants looking tidy.
Monarda didyma ‘Jacob Cline’: A popular cultivar of Monarda didyma, ‘Jacob Cline’ is known for its striking red flowers and improved disease resistance. It blooms in midsummer and can reach heights of over 3 feet, making it suitable for the back of garden beds. It showed moderate susceptibility to powdery mildew.
Monarda x ‘Judith’s Fancy Fuchsia’: This hybrid cultivar is notable for its vibrant fuchsia flowers and robust growth. It performed well in both study sites, with a long flowering period and moderate disease tolerance.
The study conducted by the University of Georgia highlights the versatility and value of Monarda in Georgia landscapes. Whether you’re looking to add a splash of color to your garden, support local wildlife, or simply enjoy the beauty of these native plants, Monarda offers something for everyone. With careful selection and proper care, you can enjoy a vibrant and healthy garden filled with the delightful blooms of beebalm.
Monarda ‘Raspberry Wine’: Another cultivar of Monarda didyma, ‘Raspberry Wine’ is known for its deep raspberrycolored flowers. It has a tall growth habit and blooms from mid-summer to early fall. It showed moderate disease.
Monarda fistulosa: Also known as wild bergamot; this species is native to North America and is known for its pale lavender flowers and strong minty aroma. It had the highest floral density in the study. However, it is more susceptible to powdery mildew.
Monarda fistulosa ‘Claire Grace’: A cultivar of Monarda fistulosa, Claire Grace’ is bred for its compact growth and improved disease resistance. It performed well in both study sites, with a high floral density and long flowering period. Its exhibited better disease tolerance compared to the straight species.
Monarda punctata GA (left) and NJ (right): These ecotypes of Monarda punctata, also known as spotted beebalm, are native to the southeastern United States. They are unique in their growth habit, spreading via stolons rather than rhizomes. They bloom later in the season, from late summer to early fall, and provide a unique texture to garden plantings. Due to their short life cycle, they were not included in the disease evaluation, but they did exhibit signs of powdery mildew infection in the second year.
or
Call Darren at 770-530-5078
by Valerie Smith
Fertilizer is likely a crucial tool in your landscape maintenance toolkit. But what if you have fertilizer left over from last season? Does fertilizer go bad or lose its effectiveness? Knowing answers to these questions can help you maximize your gardening efforts and avoid waste.
In this guide, we’ll explore different types of fertilizers, how long they last, and essential storage tips to keep your fertilizer from going bad.
Granular
Granular fertilizers are popular for their long shelf life. If you’re asking does lawn fertilizer go bad in granular form, the answer is no, provided it’s stored properly. Granular fertilizers can last indefinitely as long as they are kept dry and away from moisture. However, if moisture gets in, it can cause clumping, which affects its effectiveness.
Liquid fertilizers are typically more concentrated and faster-acting than granular options but come with a shorter shelf life. Depending on the formulation, liquid fertilizers can last around 5–10 years if kept sealed and stored properly.
Once opened, they are more prone to degradation, particularly if exposed to air and moisture.
Organic fertilizers, such as compost or manure-based options, have shorter shelf lives compared to synthetic fertilizers. Since they rely on natural breakdown processes, they may lose their potency after a year or two. Improperly stored organic fertilizers can harbor bacteria or mold, making them less effective and potentially harmful to plants.
If your granular fertilizer has absorbed moisture, you may notice that it has clumped together or hardened. This makes it difficult to spread and may reduce the even distribution of nutrients.
Clumped fertilizer can sometimes be crushed and used, but in more extreme cases, it may not be salvageable.
Liquid fertilizers can separate over time, especially if stored improperly. If you notice that the contents of your liquid fertilizer have separated into layers or there’s sediment at the bottom, it might indicate that the product is no longer usable.
Shaking the bottle can sometimes resolve this issue, but not always.
Organic fertilizers that have gone bad may emit a foul odor or show signs of mold growth. This happens when the natural decomposition process continues beyond what’s beneficial.
If your organic fertilizer smells off or appears moldy, it may no longer be safe or effective to use.
Several environmental factors can influence the shelf life of fertilizer. Here’s what to watch out for:
Moisture and humidity: Moisture is the primary enemy of both granular and liquid fertilizers. Granular fertilizers can clump, while liquid fertilizers can become diluted or contaminated if exposed to excessive moisture.
Temperature extremes: High temperatures can degrade certain fertilizers, especially liquid formulations. Freezing temperatures, on the other hand, can cause liquid fertilizers to separate or crystallize.
Storage conditions: Where you store your fertilizer is crucial. Fertilizers should be kept in cool, dry places, away from direct sunlight and extreme temperature fluctuations. A garage or shed often provides the ideal conditions, as long as it’s not too damp or too hot.
To extend the shelf life of your fertilizer, proper storage is essential. Always store granular fertilizers in airtight containers to keep moisture out, and make sure that liquid fertilizers are tightly sealed after each use. Place fertilizers in a cool, dry area, away from direct sunlight and temperature extremes.
Labeling and organizing
Organizing your fertilizer stash is another smart move. Label bags or bottles with the date of purchase to help you track how long you’ve had them.
Store fertilizers off the ground, either on shelves or in bins, to prevent them from being damaged by moisture or pests.
Preventing fertilizer from going bad can save you money and reduce waste. Here are some key tips to ensure your fertilizers last as long as possible:
Inspect packaging before purchase: When buying fertilizers, check that the packaging is intact and not damaged. This prevents moisture from entering the product before you even purchase it.
Use airtight containers: For granular fertilizers, transfer any opened bags into airtight plastic bins or containers to keep moisture out. Liquid fertilizers should always be tightly sealed after use.
Keep fertilizers off the ground: Store fertilizers on shelves or raised surfaces to protect them from potential water leaks or flooding in your storage area.
Avoid overbuying: Only purchase the amount of fertilizer you’ll need for the season to avoid longterm storage and the associated risks of degradation.
Check expiration dates: Liquid and organic fertilizers may have expiration dates. Rotate older
products to the front of your storage area so they get used first, and avoid holding onto products for too long.
Periodic stirring or shaking of liquid fertilizer: Shake liquid fertilizers regularly to prevent sediment from forming at the bottom of the container and to maintain an even nutrient distribution.
If your fertilizer is slightly past its prime but not entirely spoiled, consider repurposing it. You can dilute older liquid fertilizer and use it on less sensitive plants or use clumped granular fertilizer in non-critical areas of the landscape. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Even if your granular fertilizer has hardened or clumped, it can sometimes still be used. Crush the clumps and see if they dissolve in water. If so, the fertilizer may still be effective.
For liquid fertilizers, separation isn’t always a dealbreaker. Try shaking the bottle well. If the liquid mixes evenly and doesn’t have an unpleasant odor, it may still be usable. However, if it remains separated or smells off, it’s best to dispose of it.
Organic
When it comes to organic fertilizers, the risks of using expired products are higher. If it smells foul or appears moldy, it’s better to discard it, as it could harm the plants.
Disposal methods
Improper disposal of fertilizer can harm the environment. If you need to dispose of expired or unusable fertilizer, contact your local waste management facility for guidance. Some areas have specific disposal methods for fertilizers to prevent contamination of water sources.
Repurposing options
About the author
Valerie Smith is Content Strategist with Sod Solutions. SodSolutions.com
Sod Solutions is celebrating 30 years of successfully developing and releasing turfgrasses with over 20 market-leading varieties like Palmetto® St. Augustine, Celebration® Bermudagrass, EMPIRE® Zoysia and more. Based in Charleston, SC.
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