Quaternary Science Journal - Zur spätholozänen Vegetationsgeschichte des Pfälzerwaldes: Neue po...

Page 1

(LV]HLWDOWHU XQG *HJHQZDUW 4XDWHUQDU\ 6FLHQFH -RXUQDO

+DQQRYHU

Zur spätholozänen Vegetationsgeschichte des Pfälzerwaldes Neue pollenanalytische Untersuchungen im Pfälzischen Berg- und Hügelland

67())(1 :2/7(56

.H\ZRUGV 6: *HUPDQ\ 3DODWLQDWH )RUHVW +RORFHQH SROOHQ DQDO\VLV OLPH ZRRGODQG SULPHYDO YHJHWDWLRQ KLJK PHGLHYDO ODQGQDP PLUH DFLGL¿FDWLRQ Kurzfassung: =ZHL & GDWLHUWH 3ROOHQGLDJUDPPH DXV 4XHOOPRRUHQ HUIDVVHQ GLH HWZD MlKULJH *H VFKLFKWH GHU :DOG XQG 0RRUHQWZLFNOXQJ LP %XQWVDQGVWHLQJHELHW GHV PLWWOHUHQ 3IlO]HUZDOGHV XQWHU QDW U OLFKHQ XQG DQWKURSRJHQHQ %HGLQJXQJHQ (GHOODXEKRO]UHLFKH (LFKHQ /LQGHQPLVFKZlOGHU EHKHUUVFKWHQ GDV :DOGELOG ELV ]XU $XVEUHLWXQJ GHU %XFKH XQG EHOHJHQ GLH JUR H %HGHXWXQJ YRQ 7LOLD DQ GHQ VSlWZlUPH]HLWOL FKHQ :lOGHUQ GHU %XQWVDQGVWHLQJHELUJH 'HU DXWRFKWKRQH 6WDWXV YRQ 3LQXV ZLUG EHVWlWLJW ZRKLQJHJHQ NHLQH %HOHJH I U HLQ QDW UOLFKHV 9RUNRPPHQ YRQ 3LFHD XQG $ELHV HUEUDFKW ZHUGHQ N|QQHQ 'LH +HUDXVELOGXQJ GHU QDW UOLFKHQ 9HJHWDWLRQ GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV LQ )RUP YRQ ERGHQVDXUHQ %XFKHQPLVFKZlOGHUQ /X]XOR )DJHWXP 0HODPS\UR )DJHWXP EHJDQQ PLW GHU 0DVVHQDXVEUHLWXQJ YRQ )DJXV DE HWZD Y &KU 6LH HUUHLFKWHQ LKUH JU| WH 9HUEUHLWXQJ HWZD -DKUH VSlWHU 'HU DQWKURSRJHQH (LQÀX DXI GLH :lOGHU EOLHE ELV LQ GDV 0LWWHO DOWHU JHULQJ XQG EHVWlWLJW GHQ &KDUDNWHU GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGV DOV -XQJVLHGHOODQG 6WDUNHU DQWKURSRJHQHU (LQÀX VHW]WH HUVW PLW GHQ KRFKPLWWHODOWHUOLFKHQ 5RGXQJHQ YRQ )DJXV XQG 3LQXV HLQ GLH LQVEHVRQGHUH 4XHUFXV ]XP =ZHFNH GHU :DOGZHLGH I|UGHUWHQ 'DU EHU KLQDXV EHHLQÀX WHQ GLH 5RGXQJHQ DXFK QDFKKDOWLJ GDV +\GURUH JLPH GHU 0RRUH LP 6LQQH HLQHU YHUEHVVHUWHQ :DVVHUYHUVRUJXQJ PLW HLQKHUJHKHQGHQ 9HUVDXHUXQJVWHQGHQ]HQ :lKUHQG GLH SROOHQDQDO\WLVFKH 5HÀHNWLRQ GHU 6LHGOXQJVDNWLYLWlW LP 0LWWHODOWHU XQG GHU IU KHQ 1HX]HLW HLQH GHXWOLFKH ORNDOH 'LIIHUHQ]LHUXQJ DXIZHLVW ZLUG GLH LP VSlWHQ -K HLQVHW]HQGH )RUVWZLUWVFKDIW DOV UHJLRQD OHV (UHLJQLV ZLGHUJHVSLHJHOW XQG EHLQKDOWHW DXFK VHOWHQHUH *HK|O]H ZLH :H\PRXWKVNLHIHU XQG 'RXJODVLH [Late Holocene vegetation development in the Palatinate Forest] Abstract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ÀHFWLRQ RI KXPDQ LPSDFW UHPDLQHG ZHDN XQWLO WKH 0HGLHYDO WLPHV FRQ¿UPLQJ WKDW WKH 3DODWLQDWH )RUHVW ZDV QRW FRORQLVHG SULRU WR WKH KLJK PHGLHYDO ODQGQDP 7KH FOHDULQJ RI )DJXV DQG 3LQXV VWDUWHG LQ WKH WK FHQWXU\ 4XHUFXV ZDV VDYHG IURP IHOOLQJ IRU WKH SXUSRVH RI ZRRG SDVWXUH 7KH FOHDULQJV DOVR DIIHFWHG WKH K\GURUHJLPH RI WKH VSULQJ PLUHV LQ WHUPV RI LPSURYHG ZDWHU VXSSO\ DQG DFLGL¿FDWLRQ :KLOH SROOHQ DQDO\WLFDO UHÀHFWLRQ RI KXPDQ LPSDFW IURP WKH 0LGGOH $JHV WR HDUO\ 0RGHUQ 7LPHV VWURQJO\ GHSHQGV RQ ORFDO FRQGLWLRQV WKH RQVHW RI VLOYLFXOWXUH LQ WKH ODWH WK FHQWXU\ LV PLUURUHG DV D UHJLRQDO VLJQDO DQG LQFOXGHV HYHQ UDUH VSHFLHV DV ZKLWH SLQH DQG GRXJODV ¿U

$QVFKULIW GHV 9HUIDVVHUV 'U 6 :2/7(56 1LHGHUVlFKVLVFKHV ,QVWLWXW I U KLVWRULVFKH . VWHQIRU VFKXQJ 9LNWRULDVWUD H ' :LOKHOPVKDYHQ ( PDLO ZROWHUV#QLKN GH


67())(1 :2/7(56 1 Einleitung

'HU 3IlO]HUZDOG JHK|UW LP *HJHQVDW] ]X VHLQHQ EHQDFKEDUWHQ /DQGVFKDIWHQ ZLH 9RJHVHQ 6FKZDU]ZDOG 2GHQZDOG RGHU GHU 2EHUUKHLQHEHQH ] % )5,('0$11 /$*,(6 /$1* 68'+$86 ]X GHQ YHJH WDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFK QDKH]X XQHUIRUVFKWHQ *H ELHWHQ 'HXWVFKODQGV 6R VWDQGHQ ),5%$6 I U VHLQH ]XVDPPHQIDVVHQGH 'DUVWHOOXQJ GHU 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]LVFKHQ %HUJ XQG + JHOODQGHV OHGLJOLFK 3ROOHQDQDO\VHQ YRP V GOLFKHQ 5DQG GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV +$77 '8%2,6 HW DO XQG DXV GHU ZHVWSIlO]LVFKHQ 0RRUQLHGHUXQJ ),5%$6 -(6&+.( ]XU 9HUI JXQJ 'HQ HUVWHQ XQG ELVKHU HLQ]LJHQ SROOHQDQDO\WLVFKHQ %HLWUDJ DXV GHP PLWWOHUHQ 3IlO]HUZDOG ± ]ZHL NXU]H 'LDJUDPPH DXV GHU 8PJHEXQJ YRQ -RKDQQLVNUHX] ± SXEOL]LHUWH 35(&+7 7KHPDWLVFK VWHOOW HU ZLH DXFK GLH TXHOOHQNXQGOLFK SÀDQ]HQVR]LRORJLVFKH $UEHLW YRQ %2,6(//( 2%(5'25)(5 GLH QDW U OLFKH 9HUEUHLWXQJ GHU .LHIHU LP 3IlO]HUZDOG LQ GHQ 9RUGHUJUXQG RKQH DEHU GDEHL QlKHU DXI GLH ZDOGJHVFKLFKWOLFKH (QWZLFNOXQJ GHV KHXWH PLW FD KD JU| WHQ ]XVDPPHQKlQJHQGHQ :DOGJHELHWV 'HXWVFKODQGV HLQ]XJHKHQ 'LH YHJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFKH (UIRUVFKXQJ ZXUGH HUVW LP -DKUH ZLHGHU DXIJHQRPPHQ DOV LP 5DKPHQ YRQ NXOWXUODQGVFKDIWVJHQHWLVFKHQ XQG EHVWDQGVJHVFKLFKWOLFKHQ 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ LP )RUVWDPW -RKDQQLVNUHX] +,/'(%5$1'7 +(86(5 +,/'(%5$1'7 DNWXHOOH SROOHQDQD O\WLVFKH 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ QRWZHQGLJ ZXUGHQ 'DPLW HUJDE VLFK HUVWPDOV GLH *HOHJHQKHLW GLH VSlWKROR]lQH 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO ]HUZDOGHV PLW +LOIH YRQ KRFKDXÀ|VHQGHQ XQG & GDWLHUWHQ 3ROOHQGLDJUDPPHQ GDU]XVWHOOHQ 'LH YRUOLHJHQGHQ 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ VLQG GDU EHU KLQDXV DOV %HLWUDJ ]XU *UXQGODJHQIRUVFKXQJ LP JUHQ] EHUVFKUHLWHQGHQ %LRVSKlUHQUHVHUYDW 3IlO]HUZDOG 1RUGYRJHVHQ ]XJXQVWHQ VHLQHU (UKDOWXQJ XQG QDFKKDOWLJHQ (QWZLFNOXQJ 81(6&2 ]X YHUVWHKHQ

JHQGVWH (OHPHQWH GLH GLFKWH %HZDOGXQJ XQG GLH ELV ]X P PlFKWLJHQ *HVWHLQVVFKLFKWHQ GHV %XQWVDQGVWHLQV VLQG 2EZRKO UHODWLY NODU JHJHQ EHU GHQ 1DFKEDUUlXPHQ DEJHJUHQ]W ZXUGH HU DOV HLJHQHU 1DWXUUDXP XQG ]XVDP PHQKlQJHQGH /DQGVFKDIW HUVW ZDKUJH QRPPHQ DOV HLQ Ä&RPLWp³ YRQ ED\ULVFK SIlO]LVFKHQ )RUVWEHDPWHQ LP )RUVWDPW -RKDQ QLVNUHX] ]XVDPPHQWUDW XQG GLH Ä:DOGXQJHQ DXI GHP EXQWHQ 6DQGVWHLQJHELUJH GHU 3IDO]³ HUVWPDOV XQWHU GHP 1DPHQ 3IlO]HUZDOG QLFKW 3IlO]HU :DOG ]XVDPPHQIDVVWH *(,*(5

'LH XQWHUVXFKWHQ 0RRUH EH¿QGHQ VLFK LP PLWWOHUHQ 3IlO]HUZDOG ]XU (LQWHLOXQJ VLHKH +b%(5/( LP 6WDDWVIRUVW -RKDQQLVNUHX] GHP 4XHOOJHELHW HLQHV UDGLlUHQ *HZlVVHUQHW]HV GDV GHQ 3IlO]HUZDOG ]X 5KHLQ XQG 6DDU HQWZlV VHUW $EE 'HU 3IlO]HUZDOG EH¿QGHW VLFK LP hEHUJDQJVEHUHLFK YRP DWODQWLVFKHQ ]XP NRQWLQHQWDOHQ .OLPD ,Q GHU UH]HQWHQ 9HJHWDWLRQ QHKPHQ VXEDWODQWLVFKH XQG QRUGLVFK PRQWDQH )ORUHQHOHPHQWH HWZD GHV *HVDPWDUWHQLQ YHQWDUV GHU K|KHUHQ 3ÀDQ]HQ HLQ +$,/(5 1LHGHUVFKODJVPHQJHQ XQG PLWWOHUH -DKUHVWHP SHUDWXU YDULLHUHQ EHWUlFKWOLFK PLW +|KHQODJH XQG ([SRVLWLRQ ± PP -DKU E]Z &± & 'DV 8QWHUVXFKXQJVJHELHW JHK|UW GDEHL PLW PP -DKU ]X GHQ QLHGHUVFKODJVUHLFKVWHQ 3DUWL HQ GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV 6WDWLRQ -RKDQQLVNUHX] ± '(876&+(5 :(77(5',(167 7URW] GHU UHODWLY KRKHQ 1LHGHUVFKOlJH YHU KLQGHUQ GLH GXUFKOlVVLJHQ 6DQGE|GHQ XQG GDV VWDUN ]HUWDOWH XQG VWHLONXSSLJH 5HOLHI GLH $XVELOGXQJ JUR ÀlFKLJHU 0RRUH $OOHUGLQJV WUHWHQ HQWODQJ GHU VWDXHQGHQ 6SHUUVFKLFKWHQ GHV %XQWVDQGVWHLQV ]DKOUHLFKH 4XHOOHQ DXV GLH ]XU %LOGXQJ YRQ .OHLQJHZlVVHUQ VRJ :RRJH YJO 52:(&. HW DO XQG .OHLQVWPRRUHQ PLW JHULQJHU 7RUIPlFKWLJNHLW I KUHQ =ZHL GLHVHU 9HUPRRUXQJHQ LQ GHQ VWHLOHQ .HUEWlOHUQ GHU 4XHOOElFKH XQG 2EHUOlXIH EH¿QGHQ VLFK HWZD NP QRUGZHVWOLFK YRQ -RKDQQLVNUHX] 7. %ODWW 1DFK YRUDQJHJDQJHQHQ 6RQGLH UXQJHQ ZXUGHQ LP $XJXVW %RKUNHUQH DXV GHQ EHLGHQ HWZD P YRQHLQDQGHU HQWIHUQW 2 Untersuchungsgebiet OLHJHQGHQ 0RRUHQ DEJHWHXIW $EE 'HU 3IlO]HUZDOG LVW HLQH 0LWWHOJHELUJVODQG 'DV HUVWH 0RRU OLHJW LP 7DOVFKOXVV GHV *UR HQ VFKDIW K|FKVWH (UKHEXQJ .DOPLW P LP 6FKZDQHQWDOV DP V GOLFKHQ )X GHV JOHLFKQD 6 GZHVWHQ 'HXWVFKODQGV $EE GHUHQ SUl PLJHQ %HUJHV DXI HWZD P 11 ¶ ¶¶


=XU VSlWKROR]lQHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV

$EE hEHUVLFKWVNDUWH YRQ 6: 'HXWVFKODQG 'DV .UHX] PDUNLHUW GDV 8QWHUVXFKXQJVJHELHW LP )RUVWDPW -RKDQQLVNUHX] 3IlO]HUZDOG )LJ *HQHUDO VXUYH\ RI VRXWKZHVWHUQ *HUPDQ\ 7KH [ PDUNV WKH LQYHVWLJDWLRQ DUHD LQ WKH IRUHVWU\ GLVWULFW RI -RKDQQLVNUHX] 3DODWLQDWH )RUHVW


67())(1 :2/7(56

$EE 'HWDLONDUWH GHV 8QWHUVXFKXQJVJHELHWHV PLW $QJDEH GHU %RKUSXQNWH *UR HV 6FKZDQHQWDO 6SH WDOPRRU 'LH ]DKOUHLFKHQ 4XHOOHQ VLQG GXUFK HLQ x PDUNLHUW )LJ 'HWDLOHG PDS RI WKH LQYHVWLJDWLRQ DUHD 7KH FRULQJ ORFDWLRQV DUH LQGLFDWHG *UR HV 6FKZDQHQWDO 6SH WDOPRRU DV ZHOO DV WKH QXPHURXV VSULQJV x

1 ¶ ¶¶ ( 7\SRORJLVFK KDQGHOW HV VLFK XP HLQH 6LFNHUTXHOOH PLW PHVRWURSK VDXUHU 4XHOOPRRUELOGXQJ 'LH DNWXHOOH 9HJHWDWLRQ LVW GXUFK HLQH 'U\RSWHULV GLODWDWD UHLFKH $XVELO GXQJ HLQHV %UDXQVHJJHQ 6XPSIHV &DULFHWXP IXVFDH SRO\WULFKHWRVXP FRPPXQLV 2%(5' JHNHQQ]HLFKQHW YJO 75g*(5 'DV 0RRU LVW YRQ JHULQJHU $XVGHKQXQJ XQG HUUHLFKW EHL QDKH]X NUHLVUXQGHU )OlFKH QXU HLQHQ 'XUFK PHVVHU YRQ HWZD P 'LH 7RUIPlFKWLJNHLW DP %RKUSXQNW EHWUXJ P 'LH XQPLWWHOEDUH 8PJHEXQJ GHV 0RRUHV LVW EHZDOGHW 'DEHL VLQG GLH WLHIHUHQ /DJHQ GHU 6WHLOKlQJH LP 7DOVFKOX GXUFK HLQHQ )LFKWHQIRUVW PLW %HWHLOLJXQJ YRQ $ELHV DOED JHSUlJW ,Q GHQ REHUHQ +DQJODJHQ NRPPHQ )DJXV V\OYDWLFD 4XHUFXV SHWUDHD

XQG 4 UREXU VRZLH 3LQXV V\OYHVWULV VWlUNHU ]XU *HOWXQJ $P 0RRUUDQG XQG REHUKDOE GDYRQ EH¿QGHQ VLFK PHKUHUH 0HLOHUSOlW]H GLH VHKU ZDKUVFKHLQOLFK DXV GHP -K VWDPPHQ +,/'(%5$1'7 +(86(5 +,/'(%5$1'7 'DV ]ZHLWH XQWHUVXFKWH 0RRU HUVWUHFNW VLFK HQWODQJ GHU 6RKOH HLQHV VLFK ]XU 6LHGOXQJ 1HX KRI |IIQHQGHQ 7DOHV V GOLFK GHV 6SH EHUJHV XQG ZLUG LQ GLHVHU $UEHLW DOV 6SH WDOPRRU EH ]HLFKQHW 'LH .HUQHQWQDKPH HUIROJWH FD P XQWHUKDOE GHV 7DOVFKOXVVHV LQ HLQHU +|KH YRQ HWZD P 11 ¶ ¶¶ 1 ¶ ¶¶ ( 'LH 0RRUYHJHWDWLRQ DP %RKUSXQNW LVW GXUFK HLQHQ 7RUIPRRV %LUNHQ (UOHQZDOG 6SKDJQR $OQHWXP JOXWLQRVDH /(0e( FKDUDNWHULVLHUW 'DV 0RRU LVW DOV PHVRWURSK VDXUHV +DQJ


=XU VSlWKROR]lQHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV 4XHOOPRRU DXVJHELOGHW ZREHL GLH 7RUIPlFK WLJNHLW DP %RKUSXQNW QXU P EHWUXJ $XI GHQ VWHLOHQ +lQJHQ GHV 6SH EHUJHV VWRFNHQ 3LFHD XQG 3LQXV DXI GHQ JHJHQ EHUOLHJHQGHQ +DQJDXVOlXIHUQ GHV *UR HQ 5RWKHQEHUJHV EHUZLHJHQG )DJXV 3 Material und Methoden 'HQ %RKUNHUQHQ EHLGHU 0RRUH ZXUGHQ LQ HLQHP $EVWDQG YRQ ELV FP 3UREHQ PLW HL QHP 9ROXPHQ YRQ HWZD FP HQWQRPPHQ XQG PLWWHOV .2+ +) XQG $FHWRO\VH %HKDQGOXQJ LQ $QOHKQXQJ DQ GLH 6WDQGDUGYRUVFKULIWHQ I U GLH SROOHQDQDO\WLVFKH 8QWHUVXFKXQJ DXIEHUHL WHW YJO 0225( :(%% &2//,1621 'LH 6LHEU FNVWlQGH ZXUGHQ V\VWHPDWLVFK DXI SÀDQ]OLFKH *UR UHVWH XQG +RO]NRKOH )UDJ PHQWH XQWHUVXFKW 'LH +lX¿JNHLW OHW]WHUHU ZXUGH HQWODQJ HLQHU YLHUVWX¿JHQ 6NDOD DEJH VFKlW]W 'LH 3UREHQ ZXUGHQ PLNURVNRSLVFK LP 'XUFK OLFKWYHUIDKUHQ EHL IDFKHU 9HUJU| HUXQJ DQDO\VLHUW XQG DXI HLQH 6XPPH YRQ PLQGHVWHQV %DXPSROOHQ DOOH %lXPH XQG K|KHUH 6WUlXFKHU DXVJH]lKOW $XIJUXQG GHU LQ YLHOHQ 3UREHQ DXIWUHWHQGHQ 'RPLQDQ] ORNDO SURGX ]LHUWHQ 3ROOHQV ZXUGH VWHWV VR KRFK DXVJH]lKOW GDVV GLH 3ROOHQVXPPH GHU %lXPH XQG 6WUlX FKHU H[FO $OQXV 6DOL[ %HWXOD )UDQJXOD XQG 6RUEXV 3ROOHQN|UQHU QLFKW XQWHUVFKULWW ) U GLH %HVWLPPXQJ NULWLVFKHU 7D[D VWDQG HLQH IDFKH 9HUJU| HUXQJ PLW 3KDVHQNRQWUDVW HLQULFKWXQJ ]XU 9HUI JXQJ 'LH %HVWLPPXQJ GHU 3ROOHQ XQG 6SRUHQ HUIROJWH DQKDQG HLQHU 9HUJOHLFKVVDPPOXQJ UH]HQWHU 7D[D XQG PLW +LOIH HLQVFKOlJLJHU %HVWLPPXQJVOLWHUDWXU ] % %(8* 0225( :(%% &2//,1621 'LH 1RPHQNODWXU IROJW %(8* 9LHU DXV JHZlKOWHQ 3UREHQ ZXUGHQ ]XP =ZHFNH GHU 3ROOHQNRQ]HQWUDWLRQVEHVWLPPXQJ EHL GHU $XI EHUHLWXQJ /\FRSRGLXP 6SRUHQWDEOHWWHQ QDFK 672&.0$55 EHLJHI JW 'LH (UJHEQLVVH GHU 3ROOHQDQDO\VHQ VLQG LQ YLHU 'LDJUDPPHQ GDUJHVWHOOW ± $EE XQG ]HLJHQ GDV 0RRU LP *UR HQ 6FKZDQHQWDO $EE XQG GDV 6SH WDOPRRU ) U GLH 'DU VWHOOXQJ GHU 3ROOHQGLDJUDPPH ZXUGH HLQH I U EHZDOGHWH 4XHOOPRRUH DEJHZDQGHOWH %HUHFK QXQJVJUXQGODJH JHZlKOW VLHKH ] % -$+16

/$*,(6 'LH %H]XJVVXPPH ELOGHW VlPWOLFKHU *HK|O]SROOHQ H[FO GHU 0RRUJHK|O ]H 'LH =lKOZHUWH DOOHU 7D[D VLQG DXI GLHVH %H ]XJVVXPPH EH]RJHQ 'LHVH 'DUVWHOOXQJ ZXUGH JHZlKOW XP HLQH JUDSKLVFKH hEHUJHZLFKWXQJ ORNDO SURGX]LHUWHQ 3ROOHQV ]X YHUPHLGHQ XQG VRPLW GLH 9HJHWDWLRQVHQWZLFNOXQJ DXI GHQ WHUUHVWULVFKHQ 6WDQGRUWHQ VFKlUIHU IDVVHQ ]X N|QQHQ ZDV EHVRQGHUV LQ GHQ PLWWHODOWHUOL FKHQ 6SHNWUHQ GHV 6SH WDOPRRUHV QRWZHQGLJ ZXUGH YJO KLHU]X DXFK JHJHQWHLOLJH %HIXQGH ] % EHL :$//(5 HW DO 9HUWLNDO VLQG GLH 'LDJUDPPH LQ DFKW 3ROOHQ]RQHQ XQWHUJOLHGHUW GLH I U EHLGH 'LDJUDPPH * OWLJNHLW KDEHQ XQG GHUHQ *UHQ]HQ HWZD ]HLWJOHLFK VLQG 4 Ergebnisse 4.1 Stratigraphie 1DFK HLQHU JUREHQ $QVSUDFKH LP *HOlQGH ZXUGHQ GLH VWUDWLJUDSKLVFKHQ (LQKHLWHQ LP /DERU SUl]LVLHUW XQG GXUFK GLH %HIXQGH GHU ERWDQLVFKHQ *UR UHVWDQDO\VH HUJlQ]W 'LH (U JHEQLVVH VLQG LQ 7DE XQG GDUJHVWHOOW (LQH DXVUHLFKHQGH 3ROOHQI KUXQJ ZDU HUVW REHUKDOE E]Z FP JHJHEHQ 4.2 Datierung 'HQ %RKUNHUQHQ EHLGHU 0RRUH ZXUGH DQ YH JHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFK PDUNDQWHQ 3RVLWLRQHQ 0DWHULDO I U 'DWLHUXQJHQ HQWQRPPHQ XQG DQ GDV 3R]QDQ 5DGLRFDUERQ /DERUDWRU\ 3ROHQ ]XU $06 & 0HVVXQJ JHVFKLFNW 'LH .DOLE ULHUXQJ GHU & 'DWHQ HUIROJWH PLW &DOLE 5HY QDFK 678,9(5 5(,0(5 DXI GHU %DVLV YRQ ı :DKUVFKHLQOLFKNHLW 'LH (UJHEQLVVH VLQG LQ 7DE GDUJHVWHOOW 'LH NDOLEULHUWHQ & 'DWHQ ELOGHQ GLH *UXQGODJH YRQ =HLW 7LHIHQ 'LDJUDPPHQ $EE XQG 'LH & 'DWHQ ZXUGHQ GXUFK HLQ KLVWRULVFKHV 'DWXP ± GLH (LQI KUXQJ GHU )RUVWZLUWVFKDIW HWZD XP ± HUJlQ]W 4.3 Verlauf der Vegetationsentwicklung ) U GDV 8QWHUVXFKXQJVJHELHW ZHUGHQ DFKW (QWZLFNOXQJVSKDVHQ DQKDQG GHU LP 3ROOHQ QLHGHUVFKODJ YRUKHUUVFKHQGHQ $UWHQ EHQDQQW


67())(1 :2/7(56

7DE 6WUDWLJUDSKLH 0RRU LP *UR HQ 6FKZDQHQWDO

7DE 6WUDWLJUDSKLH 6SH WDOPRRU

7DE 'HWDLOV RI WKH VWUDWLJUDSK\ RI PLUH *UR HV 6FKZDQHQWDO

7DE 'HWDLOV RI WKH VWUDWLJUDSK\ RI PLUH 6SH WDO PRRU

7LHIH >FP@

6WUDWLJUDSKLVFKH 0HUNPDOH

±

9HUOXVW

±

VFKZDFK ]HUV ZlVVULJHU 6SKDJQXP 7RUI PLW -XQFXV 6DPHQ YLHOH 1DGHOUHVWH 3LQXV 3LFHD $ELHV

±

Pl LJ ]HUV 6SKDJQXP 5DGL]HOOHQ 7RUI PLW +RO] XQG /DXEEODWWUHVWHQ XQG -XQFXV 6DPHQ

±

Pl LJ VWDUN ]HUVHW]WHU %UXFKZDOGWRUI

±

±

VWDUN ]HUVHW]WHU %UXFKZDOGWRUI KXPRVHU VWDUN GXUFKZXU]HOWHU 6DQG UHLFKOLFK +RO]UHVWH 5DGL]HOOHQ XQG YHUHLQ]HOW 6SKDJQXP %OlWWFKHQ WRQLJHU VFKZDFK JHElQGHUWHU 6DQG

6WUDWLJUDSKLVFKH 0HUNPDOH

±

VFKZDFK ]HUVHW]WHU 6SKDJQXP 7RUI UHLFKOLFK $OQXV 6DPHQ HLQLJH 1DGHOUHVWH 3LQXV 3LFHD $ELHV

±

Pl LJ ]HUVHW]WHU 6SKDJQXP 7RUI HLQLJH 1DGHOUHVWH 3LQXV 3LFHD $ELHV

±

Pl LJ ]HUV 6SKDJQXP 5DGL]HOOHQ 7RUI PLW 3RO\WULFKXP XQG +\ORFRPLXP EHL ± FP +RO]

±

Pl LJ ]HUVHW]WHU 5DGL]HOOHQWRUI

±

Pl LJ ]HUVHW]WHU %UXFKZDOGWRUI PLW UHLFKOLFK +RO]UHVWHQ YRQ ± PHKU 6SKDJQXP

±

VWDUN ]HUVHW]WHU %UXFKZDOGWRUI

±

KXPRVHU 6DQG

Pl LJ ]HUV 6SKDJQXP 5DGL]HOOHQ 7RUI UHLFKOLFK -XQFXV 6DPHQ HLQLJH 1DGHOUHVWH PHLVW 3LFHD

±

±

7LHIH >FP@

LQ GHU (LFKHQPLVFKZDOG %XFKHQ]HLW QDFK ),5 %$6 HLQ GLH GHP ZDOGJHVFKLFKWOLFKHQ

XQG EHVFKULHEHQ 6LH HQWVSUHFKHQ GHQ LQ GHQ 3ROOHQGLDJUDPPHQ $EE ± GDUJHVWHOOWHQ 3ROOHQ]RQHQ ) U GLH ]HLWOLFKH $EJUHQ]XQJ GLHVHU =RQHQ ZXUGHQ LQWHUSROLHUWH 'DWHQ DXV GHQ =HLW 7LHIHQ 'LDJUDPPHQ $EE XQG KHUDQJH]RJHQ Zone 1: Eichenmischwald-Buchen-Zeit (< 2500 v. Chr. – ca. 1000 v. Chr.)

$EVFKQLWW 9,,, 6SlWH :lUPH]HLW 6XEERUHDO ),5%$6 HQWVSULFKW 'LH &KURQRORJLH GLHVHV $EVFKQLWWV ZLUG GXUFK HLQH 5DGLRNDU ERQGDWLHUXQJ EHL FP JHVW W]W QDFK GHU GLH 0LWWH GHU =RQH HWZD -DKUH DOW LVW 'LH %DVLVSUREHQ GHV 'LDJUDPPV G UIWHQ DOOHUGLQJV QLFKW ZHVHQWOLFK lOWHU VHLQ 'DI U VSUHFKHQ GLH UHODWLY JHULQJHQ :HUWH GHU 8OPH GLH LQ GHU 0LWWOHUHQ :lUPH]HLW ),5%$6 9, XQG 9,, ELV HWZD Y &KU HLQH GHXWOLFK VWlUNHUH 5ROOH DP :DOGDXIEDX JHVSLHOW KDW YJO ),5%$6 +g/=(5 +g/=(5 /$1*

=RQH LVW QXU LP 0RRU LP *UR HQ 6FKZDQHQ WDO HUIDVVW LQ GHP GLH WHOPDWLVFKHQ $EODJHUXQ JHQ DP %RKUSXQNW NQDSS FP PlFKWLJHU VLQG DOV LP 6SH WDOPRRU 'LH =RQH LVW SROOHQ Zone 2: Buchen-Eichen-Zeit DQDO\WLVFK QHEHQ DQIDQJV JHULQJHQ %XFKHQ (ca. 1000 v. Chr. – ca. 750 v. Chr.) ZHUWHQ QRFK GXUFK KRKH :HUWH GHU $UWHQ GHV (LFKHQPLVFKZDOGHV JHNHQQ]HLFKQHW 4XHUFXV ! &RU\OXV ! 7LOLD ! )UD[L =RQH ± HEHQIDOOV QXU LP 6FKZDQHQWDOPRRU ± QXV XQG 8OPXV a VRZLH $FHU 6RPLW VHW]W VWHOOW PLW GHQ UDVFK DQVWHLJHQGHQ )DJXV :HUWHQ GLH YHJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFKH hEHUOLHIHUXQJ DXI HLQH DXVJHVSURFKHQH hEHUJDQJVSH


=XU VSlWKROR]lQHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV 7DE (UJHEQLVVH GHU $06 & 'DWLHUXQJHQ 7DE 5HVXOWV RI $06 & GDWLQJ /DE 1U

7LHIH

3UR

0DWHULDO

.RQYHQWLRQHOOHV & $OWHU % 3

$OWHU LQ NDOLEULHUWHQ -DKUHQ Y &KU Q &KU ı

0RRU *UR HV 6FKZDQHQWDO

FP FP

3R] 3R]

%XON %XON

± Q &KU ± Q &KU

± FP

3R]

5XEXV 6DPHQ /DXEEODWWUHVWH

FP

3R]

%XON

± Y &KU

Y &KU ± Q &KU

0RRU 6SH EHUJ

FP

3R]

3HULGHUP

± Q &KU

FP

3R]

%RUNH

± Q &KU

FP

3R]

6DPEXFXV XQG 5XEXV 6DPHQ

± Q &KU

FP

3R]

+RO]NRKOH

± Y &KU

ULRGH GDU GLH GDV (QGH GHU (LFKHQPLVFKZDOG %XFKHQ =HLW EHVFKUHLEW :lKUHQG GLH .XUYHQ YRQ 4XHUFXV YRQ DXI 7LOLD YRQ DXI XQG &RU\OXV YRQ DXI GHXWOLFK DEIDOOHQ EOHLEHQ GLH :HUWH GHU (GHO ODXEK|O]HU 8OPXV )UD[LQXV XQG $FHU UHODWLY NRQVWDQW *OHLFKHV JLOW I U 3LQXV Zone 3: Buchen-Zeit (ca. 750 v. Chr. – um Chr. Geb.) 'LH SROOHQDQDO\WLVFKHQ %HIXQGH DXV GHP 6FKZD QHQWDO ZHUGHQ QXQ DXFK GXUFK GDV 'LDJUDPP DXV GHP 6SH WDOPRRU ZHOFKHV PLW GHU YHJH WDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFKHQ $XI]HLFKQXQJ LQ =RQH HLQVHW]W XQWHUVW W]W 'LHV LVW VRZRKO GXUFK GLH bKQOLFKNHLW GHU +DXSWSROOHQVSHNWUHQ DOV DXFK GXUFK GLH & 'DWLHUXQJHQ JHJHEHQ 'DQDFK LVW GLH %DVLV GHV 6SH WDOPRRUHV HWZD ELV -DKUH DOW 'HU ZHLWHUH 5 FNJDQJ GHU $UWHQ GHV (LFKHQPLVFKZDOGHV $EIDOO 4XHUFXV 7L OLD &RU\OXV DXI a LQ EHLGHQ 'LDJUDPPHQ XQG GHU NRQWLQXLHUOLFKH $QVWLHJ YRQ )DJXV DXI IDVW EHVWLPPW GLHVH :DOGSKDVH &DUSLQXV ZDQGHUW ]X %HJLQQ GHU =RQH HLQ

Zone 4: Buchen-Eichen-Kiefern-Zeit (um Chr. Geb. – ca. 1100 n. Chr.) ,P HUVWHQ -DKUWDXVHQG Q &KU EOLHE GLH 9RUKHUU VFKDIW GHU %XFKHQ XQG %XFKHQ (LFKHQ :lOGHU LP :HVHQWOLFKHQ EHVWHKHQ GRFK QLPPW GHU $QWHLO YRQ )DJXV ]XJXQVWHQ YRQ 4XHUFXV XQG LP 6FKZDQHQWDO DXFK YRQ 3LQXV VWHWLJ DE 'LHV VFKHLQW HLQH )ROJH ]XQHKPHQGHU $XÀLFKWXQJ GXUFK VWHLJHQGHQ 1XW]XQJVGUXFN DE GHU 5|PL VFKHQ .DLVHU]HLW 52//(5 GHU VLFK DXFK LQ K|KHUHQ *HWUHLGHZHUWHQ XQG HLQHU =XQDKPH YRQ +HPHURSK\WHQ $UWHPLVLD 8UWLFD 3ODQ WDJR ODQFHRODWD 3 PDMRU PHGLD lX HUW ,P 6FKZDQHQWDO LVW GLH =XQDKPH GHV 1XW]XQJV GUXFNV PLW GHP $QVWLHJ GHU &HUHDOLD .XUYH PHLVW +RUGHXP 7\S GHXWOLFK DXIIlOOLJHU XQG VFKOLH W JHJHQ (QGH GHU =RQH ZDV GHP IU KHQ 0LWWHODOWHU HQWVSULFKW ZRKO DXFK GLH 5RGXQJ YRQ 3LQXV HLQ ,P 6SH WDOPRRU ZHUGHQ LQ GLHVHU =HLW HUVWPDOV -XJODQV XQG &DVWDQHD QDFKJHZLHVHQ GLH DOOHUGLQJV VFKRQ VHLW GHU 5|PLVFKHQ .DLVHU]HLW LQ GHU 3IDO] DQJHSÀDQ]W ZXUGHQ /$1* :


)LJ 3ROOHQ GLDJUDP RI PLUH *UR‰HV 6FKZDQHQWDO VKRZLQJ DUERUHDO WD[D $UERUHDO SROOHQ VXP LV H[FO $OQXV %HWXOD 6DOL[ )UDQJXOD DQG 6RUEXV 5DUH W\SHV DUH GHSLFWHG E\ D 7KH VKDGHG FXUYHV UHSUHVHQW D WHQIROG H[DJJHUDWLRQ

$EE 3ROOHQGLDJUDPP *UR‰HV 6FKZDQHQWDO 'DUJHVWHOOW VLQG *HK|O]WD[D %DXPSROOHQVXPPH LVW H[FO $OQXV %HWXOD 6DOL[ )UDQJXOD XQG 6RUEXV 1DFKZHLVH EHL 'XUFKPXVWHUXQJHQ VLQG GXUFK HLQ PDUNLHUW 'LH VFKDWWLHUWHQ .XUYHQ VWHOOHQ HLQH IDFKH hEHUK|KXQJ GDU

67())(1 :2/7(56


)LJ 3ROOHQ GLDJUDP RI PLUH *UR‰HV 6FKZDQHQWDO VKRZLQJ D VXPPDU\ GLDJUDP EDVLV WRWDO WHUUHVWULDO SROOHQ DQG QRQ DUERUHDO WD[D 7KH VKDGHG FXUYHV UHSUHVHQW D WHQIROG H[DJJHUDWLRQ & GDWHV FDOLEUDWHG ZLWK ı FRQ¿GHQFH $ ' ± $ ' ± % & ±$ ' ± % &

$EE 3ROOHQGLDJUDPP *UR‰HV 6FKZDQHQWDO 'DUJHVWHOOW VLQG HLQ 6XPPHQGLDJUDPP %DVLV /DQGSÀDQ]HQ XQG 1LFKWEDXPSROOHQWD[D 'LH VFKDWWLHUWHQ .XUYHQ VWHOOHQ HLQH IDFKH hEHUK|KXQJ GDU & 'DWHQ NDOLEULHUW PLW ı :DKUVFKHLQOLFKNHLW ± Q &KU ± Q &KU Y &KU ± Q &KU ± Y &KU

=XU VSlWKROR]lQHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV


)LJ 3ROOHQ GLDJUDP RI PLUH 6SH‰WDOPRRU VKRZLQJ DUERUHDO WD[D $UERUHDO SROOHQ VXP LV H[FO $OQXV %HWXOD 6DOL[ )UDQJXOD DQG 6RUEXV 5DUH W\SHV DUH GHSLFWHG E\ D 7KH VKDGHG FXUYHV UHSUHVHQW D WHQIROG H[DJJHUDWLRQ

$EE 3ROOHQGLDJUDPP 6SH‰WDOPRRU 'DUJHVWHOOW VLQG GLH *HK|O]WD[D %DXPSROOHQVXPPH LVW H[FO $OQXV %HWXOD 6DOL[ )UDQJXOD XQG 6RUEXV 1DFKZHLVH EHL 'XUFKPXVWHUXQJHQ VLQG GXUFK HLQ PDUNLHUW 'LH VFKDWWLHUWHQ .XUYHQ VWHOOHQ HLQH IDFKH hEHUK|KXQJ GDU

67())(1 :2/7(56


)LJ 3ROOHQ GLDJUDP RI PLUH 6SH‰WDOPRRU VKRZLQJ D VXPPDU\ GLDJUDP EDVLV WRWDO WHUUHVWULDO SROOHQ DQG QRQ DUERUHDO WD[D 7KH VKDGHG FXUYHV UHS UHVHQW D WHQIROG H[DJJHUDWLRQ & GDWHV FDOLEUDWHG ZLWK ı FRQ¿GHQFH $ ' ± $ ' ± $ ' ± ± % &

$EE 3ROOHQGLDJUDPP 6SH‰WDOPRRU 'DUJHVWHOOW VLQG HLQ 6XPPHQGLDJUDPP %DVLV /DQGSÀDQ]HQ XQG 1LFKWEDXPSROOHQWD[D 'LH VFKDWWLHUWHQ .XU YHQ VWHOOHQ HLQH IDFKH hEHUK|KXQJ GDU & 'DWHQ NDOLEULHUW PLW ı :DKUVFKHLQOLFKNHLW ± Q &KU ± Q &KU ± Q &KU ± Y &KU

=XU VSlWKROR]lQHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV


67())(1 :2/7(56

$EE =HLW 7LHIHQ 'LDJUDPP *UR HV 6FKZDQHQWDO ) U GLH 6HGLPHQW]XZDFKVNXUYH ZXUGHQ NDOLEULHUWH & 'DWHQ ı JHQXW]W 'LH *OLHGHUXQJ HUIROJW QDFK GHQ ORNDOHQ 3ROOHQ]RQHQ ± XQG GHQ ZDOGJHVFKLFKWOLFKHQ $EVFKQLWWHQ QDFK ),5%$6 'HU hEHUJDQJ GHU =RQHQ GDWLHUW DXI FD (LQVHW]HQ GHU )RUVWZLUWVFKDIW /HJHQGH GHU 6WUDWLJUDSKLH VLHKH $EE )LJ 7LPH GHSWK UHODWLRQVKLS RI PLUH *UR HV 6FKZDQHQWDO &DOLEUDWHG & GDWHV ı ZHUH XVHG 'LYLVLRQ IROORZV ORFDO SROOHQ DVVHPEODJH ]RQHV ± DQG ),5%$6 7UDQVLWLRQ RI ]RQH ZDV GDWHG DSSUR[ LQWURGXFWLRQ RI VLOYLFXOWXUH 6WUDWLJUDSKLFDO GHWDLOV DV LQ )LJ

Zone 5: Eichen-Waldweide-Zeit (ca. 1100/1200 n. Chr. – ca. 1450 n. Chr.) 'HU %HJLQQ GHU =RQH LVW LQ EHLGHQ 'LDJUDP PHQ GXUFK GHQ $QVWLHJ E]Z GDV (LQVHW]HQ GHU 6HFDOH .XUYH FKDUDNWHULVLHUW XQG GDWLHUW MHZHLOV DXI HWZD E]Z Q &KU =HLW JOHLFK VWHLJHQ GLH :HUWH GHU EULJHQ *HWUHLGH QXQ +RUGHXP 7ULWLFXP XQG $YHQD 7\S GHU VHNXQGlUHQ 6LHGOXQJV]HLJHU XQG GHU 3RDFHDH .XUYH $P hEHUJDQJ GHU =RQHQ PDFKW VLFK VRPLW HLQH VLHGOXQJVJHVFKLFKWOLFKH =lVXU EHPHUNEDU GLH QXU PLW GHP %HJLQQ GHV KRFK PLWWHODOWHUOLFKHQ /DQGHVDXVEDXV DE GHU 0LWWH GHV -K LP 3IlO]HUZDOG YJO +,/'(%5$1'7

+(86(5 +,/'(%5$1'7 ]X HUNOlUHQ LVW 'LH $XVZLUNXQJHQ GHU /DQGQDKPH WUHWHQ DOOHU GLQJV LQ GHQ EHLGHQ 0RRUHQ VHKU XQWHUVFKLHG OLFK KHUYRU :lKUHQG VLFK DXV GHP 'LDJUDPP 6FKZDQHQWDO OHGLJOLFK HLQH PLW VWlUNHUHU $XI OLFKWXQJ %HWXOD 3RSXOXV 3RDFHDH YHUEXQGH QH )|UGHUXQJ YRQ 4XHUFXV ]X /DVWHQ YRQ 3LQXV DEOHLWHQ OlVVW ]HLJW GDV 0RRU LP 6SH WDO EHL HLQHP PDUNDQWHQ 4XHUFXV $QVWLHJ GHXWOLFK HL QHQ ]ZHLSKDVLJHQ 5RGXQJVYRUJDQJ DXI .RVWHQ YRQ 3LQXV XQG )DJXV *OHLFK]HLWLJ VWHLJHQ GLH :HUWH GHU 0RRUJHK|O]H KLHU H[SORVLRQVDUWLJ DQ XQG JLSIHOQ LQ =RQH E EHL HWZD %HWXOD E]Z 6DOL[


=XU VSlWKROR]lQHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV

$EE =HLW 7LHIHQ 'LDJUDPP 6SH WDOPRRU ) U GLH 6HGLPHQW]XZDFKVNXUYH ZXUGHQ NDOLEULHUWH & 'DWHQ ı JHQXW]W 'LH *OLHGHUXQJ HUIROJW QDFK GHQ ORNDOHQ 3ROOHQ]RQHQ ± XQG GHQ ZDOGJHVFKLFKWOLFKHQ $EVFKQLWWHQ QDFK ),5%$6 'HU hEHUJDQJ GHU =RQHQ GDWLHUW DXI FD (LQVHW]HQ GHU )RUVWZLUWVFKDIW /HJHQGH GHU 6WUDWLJUDSKLH VLHKH $EE )LJ 7LPH GHSWK UHODWLRQVKLS RI PLUH 6SH WDOPRRU &DOLEUDWHG & GDWHV ı ZHUH XVHG 'LYLVLRQ IROORZV ORFDO SROOHQ DVVHPEODJH ]RQHV ± DQG ),5%$6 7UDQVLWLRQ RI ]RQH ZDV GDWHG DSSUR[ LQWURGXFWLRQ RI VLOYLFXOWXUH 6WUDWLJUDSKLFDO GHWDLOV DV LQ )LJ

Zone 6: Buchen-Eichen-Zeit (ca. 1450 n. Chr. – ca. 1650 n. Chr.)

JDQJ YRQ %HWXOD 6DOL[ )UDQJXOD XQG 6RUEXV ZLHGHU DQ XQG HUUHLFKW EHU

'LH $EJUHQ]XQJ YRQ =RQH JHOLQJW QXU LP 6SH WDOPRRU ZR HLQ VWDUNHU 4XHUFXV 5 FN JDQJ YRQ DXI PLW HLQHP 5 FNJDQJ GHU 6LHGOXQJV]HLJHU ]XVDPPHQIlOOW 1DFKZHLVH YRQ +RO]NRKOH 3DUWLNHOQ EOHLEHQ ± LP *HJHQ VDW] ]XU YRUKHULJHQ =RQH ± QXQ DXV )DJXV JHODQJW LQ GLHVHQ 3ROOHQVSHNWUHQ PLW ELV ]X ZLHGHU ]XU 9RUKHUUVFKDIW 0LW 3RSXOXV XQG -XQLSHUXV PDFKHQ VLFK DXVJHVSURFKHQ KHOLRSKLOH *HK|O]H VWlUNHU EHPHUNEDU 'LHVH =RQH UHSUlVHQWLHUW HLQH 3KDVH YHUPLQGHUWHQ 1XW]XQJVGUXFNV XQG OlVVW VLFK KLVWRULVFK YRQ GHU VSlWPLWWHODOWHUOLFKHQ : VWXQJVSKDVH ELV EHU GHQ MlKULJHQ .ULHJ YHUIROJHQ 8QWHU GHQ 0RRUJHK|O]HQ VWHLJW $OQXV QDFK GHP 5 FN

Zone 7: Eichen-Buchen-Kiefern-Zeit (ca. 1650 n. Chr. – ca. 1780 n. Chr.) (LQH HUQHXWH bQGHUXQJ GHU /DQGQXW]XQJ EHVFKUHLEW =RQH PLW GHP 5 FNJDQJ YRQ )DJXV XQG GHP $QVWLHJ YRQ 4XHUFXV 'LH 3LQXV .XUYH VHW]W LKUHQ $QVWLHJ ZHQQ DXFK ZHQLJHU GHXWOLFK IRUW 'HU 'RPLQDQ]ZHFKVHO )DJXV 4XHUFXV XQG GLH VFKODJDUWLJ ZLHGHU HLQVHW]HQGH .XUYH GHU +RO]NRKOH 3DUWLNHO VWHKHQ RIIHQVLFKWOLFK LP =XVDPPHQKDQJ PLW GHU $XIQDKPH GHU .|KOHUHLZLUWVFKDIW DE GHP -K RGHU IU KHU +,/'(%5$1'7 +(86(5 +,/'(%5$1'7 $XI HLQH $EJUHQ]XQJ GHU =RQHQ XQG LP 6FKZDQHQWDOPRRU ZXUGH


67())(1 :2/7(56

ZHJHQ IHKOHQGHU 6FKlUIH YHU]LFKWHW =ZDU ODV VHQ VLFK HLQH 5HLKH YHJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFKHU (UHLJQLVVH ] % 3LQXV 5 FNJDQJ XQG :LHGHU DQVWLHJ 9HUKDOWHQ YRQ 3RSXOXV XQG -XQLSHUXV DXFK LQ GLHVHP 0RRU DXI]HLJHQ DOOHUGLQJV LQ GHXWOLFK DEJHVFKZlFKWHU )RUP =XGHP EOHLEW GLH )DJXV .XUYH QDKH]X NRQVWDQW (UVW GHU hEHUJDQJ ]X =RQH LVW ZLHGHU NODU GH¿QLHUW Zone 8: Kiefern-Fichten-Forstzeit (ca. 1780 n. Chr. – heute) 'HU JHPHLQVDPH $QVWLHJ YRQ 3LQXV 3LFHD $ELHV XQG /DUL[ 7\S PDUNLHUW GHQ %HJLQQ GHU IRUVWOLFKHQ %HZLUWVFKDIWXQJ GHU :lOGHU XP -RKDQQLVNUHX] 'HQ VFKULIWOLFKHQ 4XHOOHQ ]X IROJH ] % 0h1&+ .h1.(/( G UIWH GDV EO KIlKLJH $OWHU GHU HUVWHQ HLQJHEUDFKWHQ .RQLIHUHQ HWZD DE HUUHLFKW ZRUGHQ VHLQ 5 Diskussion 5.1 Die spätwärmezeitlichen Wälder um Johanniskreuz $XI GHQ WHUUHVWULVFKHQ 6WDQGRUWHQ KHUUVFKWHQ (LFKHQPLVFKZlOGHU YRU GHUHQ UHODWLY OLFKWHU .URQHQVFKOX GDV $XINRPPHQ YRQ +DVHO LQ GHU 6WUDXFKVFKLFKW I|UGHUWH 'HU $QWHLO GHU (GHOODXEK|O]HU DQ GHQ VSlWZlUPH]HLWOLFKHQ 0LVFKZlOGHUQ ZDU EHWUlFKWOLFK 'LHV JLOW EH VRQGHUV I U 7LOLD XQG $FHU 'LH KRKH SUR]HQ WXDOH %HWHLOXQJ GHU /LQGH LP 3ROOHQGLDJUDPP Ol W DXI UHLFKOLFKH 9RUNRPPHQ VFKOLH HQ /$1* YJO DXFK %(+5( .8ý$1 XQG :2/7(56 GLH DXI GHQ PLWWOHUHQ 6WDQGRUWHQ LP 6LQQH YRQ HGHOODXEKRO]UHLFKHQ (LFKHQ /LQGHQPLVFKZlOGHUQ ]X LQWHUSUHWLHUHQ VLQG =X lKQOLFK KRKHQ 7LOLD :HUWHQ JHODQJHQ M QJVWH 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ LP 6ROOLQJ -$+16 VRZLH LP 2GHQZDOG XQG 6SHVVDUW /$ *,(6 'LHV ]HLJW GDVV YRU GHU (LQZDQ GHUXQJ GHU %XFKH OLQGHQUHLFKH :lOGHU LQ GHQ 0LWWHOJHELUJHQ QLFKW QXU DXI GHQ EDVHQUHLFKHQ 6WDQGRUWHQ GHU /| OHKPE|GHQ ] % )5(81' RGHU %DVDOWNXSSHQ 67$//,1* YRU KHUUVFKWHQ VRQGHUQ DXFK W\SLVFK I U GLH DUPHQ 6WDQGRUWH GHU %XQWVDQGVWHLQ 0LWWHOJHELUJH ZDUHQ 'HQ 3ROOHQEHIXQGHQ ]XIROJH KDQGHOWH HV VLFK LP 3IlO]HUZDOG EHUZLHJHQG XP 7LOLD

FRUGDWD =ZDU ZXUGH DXFK 7 SODW\SK\OORV 7\S PHKUIDFK QDFKJHZLHVHQ GRFK LP *HJHQVDW] ]XP 6FKZDU]ZDOG /$1* KDW GLH DQ VSUXFKVYROOHUH 6RPPHUOLQGH LP 3IlO]HUZDOG VFKRQ LP 6XEERUHDO ZRKO DXV HGDSKLVFKHQ XQG RURJUDSKLVFKHQ *U QGHQ NHLQH JUR H 5ROOH JHVSLHOW $QIDQJ GHV -K ZDU VLH MHGHQIDOOV ZLH DXFK GLH +ROOlQGLVFKH /LQGH 7 [ YXOJD ULV LQ GHQ OLQGHQUHLFKHUHQ :DOGJHELHWHQ XP -RKDQQLVNUHX] GHXWOLFK JHULQJHU YHUWUHWHQ DOV GLH :LQWHUOLQGH .(,3(5 'D GLH 6WDQGRUWH GHU OLQGHQUHLFKHQ :lOGHU DE GHP (QGH GHV 6XEERUHDOV YRQ )DJXV HUREHUW ZXUGHQ ± GLH /LQGH VR]XVDJHQ DOV Ä3ODW]KDOWHU³ GHU %XFKH LQ GLHVHQ :lOGHUQ IXQJLHUW KDWWH ± VLQG GLH HGHOODXEKRO]UHLFKHQ (LFKHQ :LQWHUOLQ GHQPLVFKZlOGHU GHU VSlWHQ :lUPH]HLW VLFKHU QLFKW ]X GHQ *HVHOOVFKDIWHQ GHV 7LOLR $FHULRQV ]X ]lKOHQ (KHU VFKRQ JLOW GLHV I U 7HLOH GHU QD W UOLFKHQ %HJOHLWYHJHWDWLRQ GLH DQ GHQ +lQJHQ GHU WLHI HLQJHVFKQLWWHQHQ 7lOHU DXV IHXFKWHQ %HUJDKRUQ (VFKHQZlOGHUQ FI $GR[R $FHUH WXP EHVWDQGHQ KDEHQ G UIWH ,Q GLHVHQ :lOGHUQ KDWWH DXFK GLH 8OPH ZRKO 8OPXV JODEUD LKUH +DXSWYHUEUHLWXQJ $Q GHQ +DQJI HQ VWRFNWHQ (VFKHQ %DFKULQQHQZlOGHU FI &DULFL UHPRWDH )UD[LQHWXP 'LH EDVHQUHLFKHUHQ 6WDQGRUWH ZXUGHQ DXFK YRQ :DOGJHVHOOVFKDIWHQ EHVLHGHOW GLH GHP KHXWLJHQ 6WLHOHLFKHQ +DLQEXFKHQZDOG 6WHOODULR &DUSLQHWXP YHUJOHLFKEDU VLQG )UHL OLFK QRFK RKQH &DUSLQXV GLH HUVW JHJHQ (QGH GHV 6XEERUHDOV LP 3IlO]HUZDOG )X IDVVWH 'LH JUXQGZDVVHUQlFKVWHQ 6WDQGRUWH ZXUGHQ YRQ GHU (UOH HLQJHQRPPHQ 9RQ %HJLQQ DQ LVW GDV 3ROOHQGLDJUDPP GXUFK DXVJHVSURFKHQ KRKH $OQXV :HUWH JHNHQQ]HLFK QHW GLH LQ GLHVHU +|KH QXU DXI HLQHQ EHUSURSRU WLRQDO VWDUNHQ (LQWUDJ YRQ $OQXV 3ROOHQ DXV GHU ORNDOHQ 0RRUYHJHWDWLRQ ]XU FN]XI KUHQ VLQG 6WHWLJH )XQGH YRQ +RO]UHVWHQ EHOHJHQ ]XGHP VFKRQ DE GHU %DVLV GHV %RKUNHUQV HLQH %UXFK ZDOGYHJHWDWLRQ DP %RKUSXQNW 6RPLW KHUUVFKWHQ DXI GHQ JUXQGZDVVHUQlFKVWHQ 6WDQGRUWHQ VHLW GHP 6XEERUHDO (UOHQ %UXFKZlOGHU YRU GLH GHP UH]HQWHQ :DO]HQVHJJHQ (UOHQEUXFKZDOG &DULFL HORQJDWDH $OQHWXP E]Z EHL VWlUNHU EHLJH PHQJWHU 0RRUELUNH GHP 7RUIPRRV %LUNHQ (UOHQZDOG 6SKDJQR $OQHWXP YHUJOHLFKEDU VLQG 'LH NRQWLQXLHUOLFK KRKHQ 1DFKZHLVH GHU 6XPSIGRWWHUEOXPH ZHLVHQ DXFK DXI HLQH VWDUNH


=XU VSlWKROR]lQHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV %HWHLOLJXQJ YRQ &DOWKD SDOXVWULV $OQXV JOXWL QRVD *HVHOOVFKDIWHQ KLQ 'LHVH YHUVFKLHGHQHQ %UXFKZlOGHU VLQG W\SLVFKH 9HJHWDWLRQVDXVSUl JXQJHQ TXHOOLJHU 6WDQGRUWH DXI %XQWVDQGVWHLQ XQG WUHWHQ DXFK KHXWH QRFK YLHOHURUWV LP 3IlO ]HUZDOG DXI 2%(5'25)(5 75g*(5 'LH YRQ %HJLQQ GHU YHJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFKHQ $XI]HLFKQXQJ DQ YRUKHUUVFKHQGHQ (UOHQEUXFK ZlOGHU ]HLJHQ GDVV GHU %DVHQJHKDOW GHU VDXUHQ %|GHQ GHV %XQWVDQGVWHLQJHELHWHV VFKRQ VHLW PLQGHVWHQV -DKUHQ HQWVSUHFKHQG KRFK JHZHVHQ VHLQ PXVV VR GDVV HV ]XU $XVELOGXQJ YRQ (UOHQ XQG QLFKW YRQ %LUNHQ RGHU .LHIHUQ EUXFKZlOGHUQ NDP %HOHJ I U GLHVH ]XPLQGHVW VXEQHXWUDOHQ %HGLQJXQJHQ VLQG DXFK GLH 1DFK ZHLVH YRQ 3ULPXOD FOXVLDQD 7\S GHU KLHU ZRKO &KU\VRVSOHQLXP RSSRVLWLIROLXP DOV (OHPHQW GHU 4XHOOÀXUJHVHOOVFKDIWHQ DXI 6LOLNDWJHVWHLQ UHSUl VHQWLHUHQ G UIWH 'LH %HGHXWXQJ GHU %XFKH QLPPW LP 9HUODXI GHU =RQH WHQGHQ]LHOO ]X 8QJHZ|KQOLFK HUVFKHL QHQ GDEHL GLH HLQJHVFKDOWHWHQ *LSIHO ]ZLVFKHQ XQG FP ZREHL GHU +DXSWJLSIHO DXV ]ZHL 3UREHQ PLW E]Z )DJXV 3ROOHQ EHVWHKW 'D GLHVHU %HUHLFK GLH REHUVWHQ 6FKLFK WHQ GHV KXPRVHQ 6DQGHV XQG GHQ hEHUJDQJ ]XP VDQGLJHQ 7RUI HUIDVVW N|QQHQ 6W|UXQJV HLQÀ VVH GXUFK 8QWHUVS OXQJHQ PLW M QJHUHP 0DWHULDO QLFKW DXVJHVFKORVVHQ ZHUGHQ ,P JHVDPWVWUDWLJUDSKLVFKHQ =XVDPPHQKDQJ NlPH I U GHQ =HLWSXQNW GHU 6HGLPHQWYHUODJHUXQJ QXU GHU hEHUJDQJ YRQ GHU 6SlWHQ :lUPH]HLW ]XU 1DFKZlUPH]HLW =RQH LQ )UDJH DOV GLH 7RUIEHGHFNXQJ LP 7DOVFKOXVV QRFK JHULQJ ZDU 6SlWHUH (UHLJQLVVH ZHUGHQ GXUFK GLH =XVDPPHQVHW]XQJ GHU 3ROOHQVSHNWUHQ QLFKW EHVWlWLJW $QGHUHUVHLWV N|QQHQ GLH HUVWHQ )D JXV *LSIHO $Q]HLJHU GHU 0DVVHQDXVEUHLWXQJ LP *HELHW VHLQ 'LHV Z UGH LP (LQNODQJ PLW GHU )DJXV &KURQRORJLH GHU |VWOLFK XQG V G|VWOLFK DQJUHQ]HQGHQ /DQGVFKDIWHQ VWHKHQ LQ GHQHQ GLH 0DVVHQDXVEUHLWXQJ GHU %XFKH LQ +|KHQ ODJHQ XQWHUKDOE YRQ P ]ZLVFKHQ XQG Y &KU HLQVHW]W +g/=(5 +g/=(5 /$*,(6 60(77$1 $OOHUGLQJV HQWVSULFKW GHU UHWDUGLHUHQGH &KDUDNWHU GHU )D JXV $XVEUHLWXQJ LP YRUOLHJHQGHQ 'LDJUDPP QLFKW GHP SURJUHVVLYHQ *HVDPWELOG GHU %X FKHQDXVEUHLWXQJ LQ GHU 5HJLRQ =XGHP OlVVW VLFK DXIJUXQG GHV 6HGLPHQWZHFKVHOV NHLQH

]XYHUOlVVLJH &KURQRORJLH GHU EDVDOHQ 3ROOHQ VSHNWUHQ PLWWHOV ([WUDSRODWLRQ HWDEOLHUHQ VR GDVV GLH ]HLWOLFKH 6WHOOXQJ GHU )DJXV *LSIHO XQVLFKHU EOHLEW 'HU $QWHLO YRQ 1DGHOK|O]HUQ DQ GHQ VSlWZlU PH]HLWOLFKHQ :lOGHUQ ZDU JHULQJ 3LQXV 3RO OHQZHUWH NQDSS XQWHU ]HLJHQ DOOHUGLQJV GDVV GLH .LHIHU GHQ VSlWZlUPH]HLWOLFKHQ :lOGHUQ EHLJHPLVFKW ZDU YJO ),5%$6 HW DO /$1* 'LHV ZLUG GXUFK .RQ]HQ WUDWLRQV XQG ,QÀX[PHVVXQJHQ DQ (LQ]HOSUREHQ EHVWlWLJW 6R ZXUGH I U GDV (QGH GHU =RQH HLQ (LQWUDJ YRQ ± 3ROOHQN|UQHUQ FP SUR -DKU HUPLWWHOW 'LHVHU OLHJW EHU GHP *UHQ]ZHUW YRQ ± 3. FP SUR -DKU /$1* XQG EHOHJW GLH ORNDOH $QZH VHQKHLW GHU .LHIHU GHUHQ 8UVSU QJOLFKNHLW LQ GHU )RUVFKXQJVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV NRQWURYHUV GLVNXWLHUW ZXUGH ] % 0h1&+ .h1.(/( :,/'( 35(&+7 %2,6(//( 2%(5'25)(5 XQG ELV KHXWH LQ GHU )RUVWZLUWVFKDIW QLFKW YROOVWlQGLJ DN]HSWLHUW LVW 6RPLW LVW GLH .LHIHU ± ZLH LQ GHQ 1RUGYR JHVHQ XQG GHP 1RUGVFKZDU]ZDOG ± DXFK LP 3IlO]HUZDOG DXWRFKWKRQ ZRKLQJHJHQ HV NHLQH %HOHJH I U HLQ QDW UOLFKHV 9RUNRPPHQ DXV GHP 2GHQZDOG XQG +XQVU FN JLEW ZR GLH .LHIHU RIIHQVLFKWOLFK VFKRQ LQ GHU IU KHQ 1DFKHLV]HLW DXV GHP :DOGELOG YHUVFKZXQGHQ ZDU )5(1=(/ /$*,(6 :DOGW\SHQ LQ GHQHQ GLH .LHIHU YRUNDP N|QQWHQ GHU ZlUPHOLHEHQGH +DDUVWUDQJ .LHIHUQ (LFKHQZDOG 4XHUFHWXP SHXFHGDQHWRVXP DXI WURFNHQHUHQ RGHU GHU 3UHLVHOEHHU .LHIHUQ (LFKHQZDOG 9DFFLQLR 4XHUFHWXP ] 7 DXFK /HXFREU\R 3LQHWXP DXI IULVFKHUHQ 6WDQGRUWHQ HQWVSUHFKHQ DOVR :lOGHU ZLH VLH 2EHUGRUIHU LQ GHQ HU -DKUHQ LP 3IlO]HU :DOG QDFKJHZLHVHQ KDW %2,6(//( 2%(5'25)(5 )LFKWH XQG 7DQQH IHKOWHQ LP 3IlO]HUZDOG 'LH VSRUDGLVFKHQ 1DFKZHLVH YRQ $ELHV G UIWHQ DXI )HUQÀXJ DXV GHQ 1RUGYRJHVHQ E]Z GHP 1RUG VFKZDU]ZDOG ]XU FN]XI KUHQ VHLQ ZR VLFK GLH 7DQQH VHLW GHP VSlWHQ $WODQWLNXP DXVEUHLWHWH ] % /$1* 'LH 1DFKZHLVH YRQ 3LFHD VWDPPHQ ZRKO JU| WHQWHLOV DXV GHP 6FKZDU] ZDOG GD GLH 5ROOH GHU )LFKWH LQ GHQ 9RJHVHQ YRQ XQWHUJHRUGQHWHU %HGHXWXQJ ZDU ),5%$6 68'+$86 'HQ DXVJHVSURFKHQ JHULQJHQ :HUWHQ DQ 6LHG


67())(1 :2/7(56

OXQJV]HLJHUQ ]XIROJH OlVVW VLFK I U GLH VSlWH :lUPH]HLW NHLQ DQWKURSRJHQHU (LQÀXVV DXI GLH :lOGHU XP -RKDQQLVNUHX] QDFKZHLVHQ ]XPLQGHVW QLFKW LQ GHU XQPLWWHOEDUHQ 8PJH EXQJ GHV 0RRUHV 'LH +HUNXQIW GHV 3ROOHQV G UIWH ZLH GLHV DXFK 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ DXV GHP 6FKZDU]ZDOG ]HLJHQ LQ GHU 2EHUUKHLQHEHQH OLHJHQ ] % +g/=(5 +g/=(5 'LH 8UVSU QJOLFKNHLW GHU :lOGHU ]XU %URQ]H]HLW LQ GHQ +RFKODJHQ GHU V GZHVWOLFKHQ 0LWWHOJH ELUJH GLH HLQHQ 0DQJHO DQ IUXFKWEDUHQ %|GHQ DXIZHLVHQ HQWVSULFKW DXFK GHQ EHUUHJLRQDOHQ %HIXQGHQ ] % 5g6&+ 5.2 Die Herausbildung der natürlichen Vegetation des Pfälzerwalds 'LH 0DVVHQDXVEUHLWXQJ YRQ )DJXV HUIROJWH LQ GHQ :lOGHUQ XP -RKDQQLVNUHX] ]ZLVFKHQ XQG Y &KU PLW GHP (LQVHW]HQ HLQHV IHXFKW N KOHUHQ .OLPDV DP hEHUJDQJ ]XP 6XEDWODQWLNXP =RQH 'DPLW VFKHLQW GLH %X FKH LP 3IlO]HUZDOG GHXWOLFK VSlWHU GLH 9RUKHUU VFKDIW EHUQRPPHQ ]X KDEHQ DOV LQ GHQ V GOLFK |VWOLFK XQG V G|VWOLFK JHOHJHQHQ EHQDFKEDUWHQ 0LWWHOJHELUJHQ XQG LVW VRPLW HKHU PLW GHP (L IHO +XQVU FN 5DXP YHUJOHLFKEDU ZR GLH 0DV VHQDXVEUHLWXQJ GHU %XFKH IU KHVWHQV DE HWZD Y &KU DEHU KlX¿J QRFK VSlWHU EHJDQQ 'g5)/(5 HW DO )5(1=(/ ,P *HELHW EHJDQQ GLH +HUDXVELOGXQJ YRQ ERGHQVDXUHQ %XFKHQPLVFKZlOGHUQ GLH LP 3IlO]HUZDOG KHXWH PLW GHP PRQWDQHQ +DLQ VLPVHQ %XFKHQZDOG /X]XOR )DJHWXP 0(86(/ +RFKODJHQIRUP XQG GHP VXEPRQWDQ FROOLQHQ 7UDXEHQHLFKHQ %XFKHQZDOG 0HODPS\UR )DJH WXP 2%(5' E]Z /X]XOR )DJHWXP 0(86(/ FRO OLQ VXEPRQWDQH +|KHQIRUP YHUWUHWHQ VLQG 'LH $XVEUHLWXQJ GHU %XFKH YROO]RJ VLFK DXI .RVWHQ GHU (LFKH XQG LQ EHVRQGHUHP 0D H GHU /LQGH GLH GLH PHVRSKLOHQ %XFKHQVWDQGRUWH QRFK LP WURFNQHUHQ XQG ZlUPHUHQ 6XEERUHDO EHKHUUVFK WH $XFK KHXWH ZHLFKW GLH /LQGH GHU %XFKH DXI 6WDQGRUWH DXV ZR GLH %XFKH GXUFK 7URFNHQKHLW JHVFKZlFKW LVW 8QWHU GHQ QXQ YHUlQGHUWHQ NOLPDWLVFKHQ %HGLQJXQJHQ GHV 6XEDWODQWLNXPV JHODQJ HV GHU %XFKH ± GLH VFKRQ LP 6XEERUHDO LQ GHQ K|KHUHQ /DJHQ ]XU 9RUKHUUVFKDIW JHODQJWH ± LQ GLH QLHGHUHQ +|KHQVWXIHQ YRU]XGULQJHQ XQG GLH 6WDQGRUWH GHU /LQGH HLQ]XQHKPHQ

'LH .XUYHQ YRQ 8OPXV )UD[LQXV XQG $FHU HL QHUVHLWV XQG YRQ 3LQXV DQGHUHUVHLWV ]HLJHQ VLFK GXUFK GHQ $QVWLHJ YRQ )DJXV NDXP YHUlQGHUW 'LHV EHOHJW GDVV VLFK GLH $XVEUHLWXQJ GHU %X FKH KDXSWVlFKOLFK DXI GHQ PHVRSKLOHQ 6WDQGRU WHQ YROO]RJHQ KDW ZlKUHQG GLH JUXQGZDVVHUQD KHQ 6WDQGRUWH GHU HVFKHQUHLFKHQ +DQJIX XQG 5LQQHQZlOGHU XQG GLH NRQWLQHQWDO JHW|QWHQ (LFKHQ .LHIHUQZlOGHU GDYRQ ZHLWJHKHQG XQ EHHLQÀXVVW EOLHEHQ GD GLH %XFKH KLHU QLFKW )X IDVVHQ NRQQWH 'XUFK GLH $XVEUHLWXQJ GHU %XFKH XQG GHQ JOHLFK]HLWLJHP 5 FNJDQJ YRQ 4XHUFXV 7LOLD XQG DXFK &RU\OXV YROO]RJ VLFK DXI GHQ PLWWOH UHQ 6WDQGRUWHQ DQ GHU :HQGH ]XP 6XEDWODQWL NXP HLQH 9HUDUPXQJ GHU /DXEZDOGÀRUD 'LH 9HUlQGHUXQJ GHV :DOGELOGHV ZLUG KLHU DXFK HLQGUXFNVYROO GXUFK GLH 9LVFXP .XUYH LOOXV WULHUW $P 5 FNJDQJ GHU 0LVWHO DQ GHU *UHQ]H YRQ LVW QHEHQ NOLPDWLVFKHQ 8UVDFKHQ ± HLQ 5 FNJDQJ GHU 6RPPHUWHPSHUDWXUHQ ± DXFK GLH VWDUNH $XVEUHLWXQJ GHU %XFKH EHWHLOLJW GLH DOV :LUWVEDXP DXVVFKHLGHW 'LH 1DFKZHLVH GHU 0LVWHO G UIWHQ DXIJUXQG GHV )HKOHQV YRQ $EL HV GHU /DXEKRO]PLVWHO 9LVFXP DOEXP VXEVS DOEXP ]X]XUHFKQHQ VHLQ ZHQQJOHLFK HLQ 9RUNRPPHQ GHU .LHIHUQPLVWHO 9 OD[XP VXEVS OD[XP QLFKW Y|OOLJ DXV]XVFKOLH HQ LVW 'LH %XFKHQDXVEUHLWXQJ VSLHJHOW VLFK HEHQIDOOV LQ GHQ .XUYHQ YRQ +HGHUD XQG ,OH[ ZLGHU 'DV $XVVHW]HQ GHU 1DFKZHLVH EHGHXWHW KLHU DOOHUGLQJV QLFKW GLH 9HUGUlQJXQJ YRQ (IHX XQG 6WHFKSDOPH GLH KHXWH LP :HVHQWOLFKHQ GLH *H VDPWYHUEUHLWXQJ GHU %XFKH WHLOHQ XQG DXFK ]XP DNWXHOOHQ $UWHQLQYHQWDU GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV JH K|UHQ 'LH IHKOHQGHQ 1DFKZHLVH VLQG YLHOPHKU DXI HLQH 8QWHUGU FNXQJ GHU %O WH GXUFK ]XQHK PHQGH %HVFKDWWXQJ ]XU FN]XI KUHQ $OV +DOE VFKDWWHQSÀDQ]HQ JHGHLKHQ VLH LP %XFKHQZDOG KHUYRUUDJHQG DXIJUXQG LKUHU VWDUN DXVJHSUlJWHQ )lKLJNHLW GHU YHJHWDWLYHQ 9HUPHKUXQJ =XU %O WH EHQ|WLJHQ VLH DOOHUGLQJV OLFKWH %HGLQJXQJHQ ZLH VLH LQ GHQ (LFKHQPLVFKZlOGHUQ GHV 6XEER UHDOV XP -RKDQQLVNUHX] QRFK YRUKHUUVFKWHQ YJO ',(56&+.( 0(7&$/)( 3277 6SlWHVWHQV DE GHP %HJLQQ GHU 1DFKZlUPH]HLW bOWHUHV 6XEDWODQWLNXP $EVFKQLWW ,; QDFK ),5 %$6 LQ =RQH JHODQJWH GLH %XFKH ]XU DE VROXWHQ 9RUKHUUVFKDIW ZlKUHQG /LQGH XQG (L FKH LP :DOGELOG ZHLWHU ]XU FNWUDWHQ %XFKHQ


=XU VSlWKROR]lQHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV

PLW XUNXQGOLFKHQ (UVWHUZlKQXQJHQ YRQ 2UW VFKDIWHQ ELV LQ GDV -K UHLFKWH .('',*.(,7 $OV %XQWVDQGVWHLQJHELHW JHK|UW GHU 3IlO]HUZDOG DXIJUXQG VHLQHU QDWXUUlXPOLFKHQ 8QJXQVW RKQHKLQ ]XP -XQJVLHGHOODQG ZHOFKHV HUVW DE GHP +RFKPLWWHODOWHU HUVFKORVVHQ ZXUGH +,/'(%5$1'7 +(86(5 +,/'(%5$1'7 'LH ZHFKVHOYROOH /DQGQXW]XQJVJHVFKLFKWH GHV PLWWOHUHQ 3IlO]HUZDOGHV DE GHP 0LWWHODOWHU OlVVW VLFK HLQGUXFNVYROO DP %HLVSLHO GHV 6SH WDOPRRUHV LOOXVWULHUHQ 0LW GHP %HJLQQ GHU =RQH D IDOOHQ GLH :HUWH YRQ 3LQXV XQG )DJXV VWDUN DE 'DEHL EHUUDVFKW EHVRQGHUV GHU VFKQHOOH XQG LQWHQVLYH 5 FNJDQJ GHU .LHIHU GLH RKQHKLQ LP :DOGELOG UHFKW JHULQJ YHUWUHWHQ ZDU 6FKRQ LQ GHU 0LWWH YRQ D ZDU GLH 8PJHEXQJ GHV 6SH WDOPRRUHV ZRKO NLHIHUQIUHL 9RQ %HJLQQ DQ ZXUGH %UDQGURGXQJ HLQJHVHW]W ZLH GLHV DQ GHQ VSUXQJKDIW JHVWLHJHQHQ +RO] NRKOHZHUWHQ HUNHQQEDU LVW 'LH 5RGXQJ GHU %XFKH YROO]RJ VLFK DOOPlKOLFKHU ,P =XJH GHV 5 FNJDQJV YRQ 3LQXV XQG )DJXV QLPPW GHU $QWHLO DQ 4XHUFXV ]X 'LHV NDQQ LP *HVDPWNRQ WH[W QXU LP 6LQQH HLQHU VHOHNWLYHQ +RO]QXW]XQJ LQWHUSUHWLHUW ZHUGHQ ZREHL GLH (LFKH NODU ]XP =ZHFNH GHU :DOGZHLGH JHI|UGHUW ZXUGH ,QWHU HVVDQW LVW KLHUEHL GLH 5ROOH YRQ 3WHULGLXP GHV VHQ .XUYH LQ D VWHLO DQVWHLJW $GOHUIDUQ JLOW DOV JXWHU ,QGLNDWRU I U :DOGZHLGH GD HU DXIJUXQG JLIWLJHU XQG JHVFKPDFNVZLGULJHU ,QKDOWVVWRIIH YRP 9LHKYHUELVV YHUVFKRQW ZLUG %(+5( 3277 +h33( 'DU EHU KLQDXV LVW GLH %HGHXWXQJ GHV $GOHUIDUQV DOV $Q]HLJHU I U %UDQGURGXQJ PHKUIDFK EHOHJW ] % %5$1'( 'HU $EIDOO GHU 3WHULGLXP .XUYH LQ E GHU SDUDOOHO ]XP $EIDOO GHU +RO]NRKOH .XUYH YHUOlXIW EHNUlIWLJW OHW]WHUH 'HXWXQJ 1HEHQ GHU )|UGHUXQJ YRQ 4XHUFXV I U GLH +XGH ZXUGH GLH (LFKH KLHU RIIHQVLFKWOLFK VFKRQ LP 0LWWHODOWHU LQ JHULQJHP 8PIDQJ I U GLH +RO]NRKOHKHUVWHOOXQJ JHQXW]W 6R NRQQWHQ +,/'(%5$1'7 +(86(5 +,/'(%5$1'7 EHL GHU 8QWHUVXFKXQJ YRQ KLVWRULVFKHQ 0HLOHUSOlW]HQ DXFK HLQ 4XHUFXV .RKOVW FN GDWLHUW DXI ± QDFKZHLVHQ 5.3 Anthropogen geprägte Landschafts'LH )DJXV .XUYH IlOOW LQ =RQH E ZHLWHU DE entwicklung seit dem Mittelalter XQG HUUHLFKW JHJHQ (QGH GHU =RQH PLW HLQ 'HU HUVWH QDFKKDOWLJH (LQJULII LQ GLH :lOGHU DEVROXWHV 0LQLPXP 6RPLW ZXUGH GLH %XFKH XP -RKDQQLVNUHX] GDWLHUW LQ GLH =HLW GHV KRFK ZlKUHQG GHV JHVDPWHQ +RFKPLWWHODOWHUV LP VSlWPLWWHODOWHUOLFKHQ /DQGHVDXVEDXV GHU GLH (LQ]XJVJHELHW GHV 6SH WDOPRRUHV NRQWLQXLHU 5HJLRQ DE GHU 0LWWH GHV -K HUIDVVWH XQG OLFK HLQJHVFKODJHQ =RQH E XPIDVVW GDKHU GLH

XQG %XFKHQ (LFKHQ :lOGHU EHVWLPPWHQ GLH /DQGVFKDIW XP -RKDQQLVNUHX] ,P 'LDJUDPP 6FKZDQHQWDO ZLUG GDV )DJXV 0D[LPXP YRQ EHL FP HUUHLFKW ZDV HLQHP $OWHU YRQ HWZD Y &KU HQWVSULFKW ,P 6SH WDOPRRU OLHJW GDV 0D[LPXP PLW EHL FP XQG GDWLHUW DXI HWZD Y &KU 6RPLW KDEHQ VLFK LP 9HUODXI GHV HUVWHQ YRUFKULVWOLFKHQ -DKUWDXVHQGV MHQH :DOGJHVHOOVFKDIWHQ XP -RKDQQLVNUHX] HWD EOLHUW GLH KHXWH DOV QDW UOLFKH 9HJHWDWLRQ GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV DQJHVHKHQ ZHUGHQ .DUWLHUXQJV HLQKHLWHQ ) XQG ) %2+1 HW DO 'LH QDW UOLFKH %HJOHLWYHJHWDWLRQ GHU EDVHQUHLFKH UHQ XQG JUXQGZDVVHUQDKHQ 6WDQGRUWH EHVWDQG LP :HVHQWOLFKHQ VFKRQ VHLW GHP 6XEERUHDO V R /HGLJOLFK &DUSLQXV WUDW DOV (OHPHQW GHV 6WHOODULR &DUSLQHWXPV KLQ]X =XQHKPHQGH 6LHGOXQJVWlWLJNHLW DE GHU (L VHQ]HLW PDFKW VLFK GXUFK HLQHQ OHLFKWHQ $XI OLFKWXQJVHLQÀX EHPHUNEDU %HWXOD 3RSXOXV *HQLVWD 7\S XQG VFKOLH W DE =RQH DXFK HLQ ]HOQH 1DFKZHLVH GHV 5RJJHQV HLQ ZHOFKHU LQ 6 GGHXWVFKODQG ]X GLHVHU =HLW QLFKW VHOWHQ DOV 8QNUDXWJHWUHLGH ]X ¿QGHQ ZDU %(+5( (QWZDOGXQJHQ XQG HLQH LQWHQVLYH 1XW]XQJ VLQG VFKRQ VHLW GHP 1HROLWKLNXP DXV GHU Q|UGOLFKHQ 2EHUUKHLQHEHQH EHNDQQW ] % 6$1*0(,67(5 VRZLH VHLW GHU +DOOVWDWW =HLW DXFK DXV GHP (LIHO +XQVU FN 5DXP 'g5)/(5 HW DO ) U GLH :lOGHU LQ GHU 8PJHEXQJ GHU XQWHUVXFKWHQ 0RRUH ODVVHQ VLFK GHUDUWLJH (LQ JULIIH DQKDQG GHU 3ROOHQVSHNWUHQ DOOHUGLQJV QLFKW EHOHJHQ 'LH ZHLWHUKLQ XQDXIIlOOLJHQ :HUWH GHU 6LHGOXQJV]HLJHU HQWVSUHFKHQ VRPLW GHQ UHJLRQDOHQ %HIXQGHQ HLQHU VWDUN HLQJH VFKUlQNWHQ %HVLHGOXQJ XQG 1XW]XQJ GHV 3IlO ]HUZDOGHV YJO 52//(5 6RPLW OlVVW VLFK HLQ )RUWEHVWHKHQ GHU QDW UOLFKHQ 9HJHWDWLRQ PLQGHVWHQV ELV ]XU =HLWHQZHQGH YHUIROJHQ ZREHL GHU DQWKURSRJHQH (LQÀX DXFK LP HUV WHQ QDFKFKULVWOLFKHQ -DKUWDXVHQG UHODWLY JHULQJ EOHLEW


67())(1 :2/7(56

=HLW GHU JU| WHQ :DOGDXÀLFKWXQJ 'LHV ]HLJW VLFK LQ VSUXQJKDIW DQVWHLJHQGHQ :HUWHQ KHOLR SKLOHU *HK|O]H &RU\OXV 3RSXOXV VRZLH %HWXOD S S VRZLH LP $QVWLHJ GHU 3RDFHDH .XUYH =X VDPPHQ PLW GHQ 1DFKZHLVHQ YRQ *HQLVWD 7\S XQG ,OH[ QXU 'LDJUDPP 6FKZDQHQWDO VWHOOW VLFK KLHU HLQ DQWKURSR ]RRJHQHU 9HJHWDWLRQV NRPSOH[ DXV JUDVUHLFKHQ (LFKHQ +XGHZlOGHUQ XQG %HVHQJLQVWHUVlXPHQ GDU GHU YRQ ELUNHQ UHLFKHQ 5HJHQHUDWLRQVVWDGLHQ GXUFKVHW]W ZDU 'LH 6WHFKSDOPH SUR¿WLHUW EHVRQGHUV YRQ GHQ OLFKWHQ 9HUKlOWQLVVHQ LP (LFKHQZDOG XQG JH ODQJW XQWHU GLHVHQ 8PVWlQGHQ DXFK ]XU %O WH =XGHP ZLUG ,OH[ DXIJUXQG VHLQHU VWDFKHOLJHQ +DUWODXEEOlWWHU ZHLWJHKHQG YRP *UR YLHK JHPLHGHQ XQG EHL GHU +XGH VRPLW SRVLWLY DXVJHOHVHQ 3277 :DOGZHLGH ZXUGH LP 3IlO]HUZDOG YRUUDQJLJ YRQ GHQ DQVlVVLJHQ .O|VWHUQ XQG LKUHQ *UDQJLHQ DEHU DXFK YRQ GHQ QHXJHJU QGHWHQ 6LHGOXQJHQ EHWULHEHQ +,/'(%5$1'7 +(86(5 +,/'(%5$1'7 (LQH JUR ÀlFKLJH 8PZDQGOXQJ YRQ :DOG LQ $FNHUODQG LVW DQJHVLFKWV GHU 5HOLHIYHUKlOWQLVVH LQ GHU 8PJHEXQJ GHU 0RRUH QLFKW YRUVWHOOEDU XQG ZLUG GXUFK GLH UHODWLY JHULQJHQ 6HFDOH :HUWH DXFK QLFKW JHVW W]W 1HEHQ :DOGDXÀLFKWXQJHQ G UIWHQ VLFK GLH 5RGXQJHQ DXFK GLUHNW DXI GHQ :DVVHUKDXVKDOW GHU 8PJHEXQJ DXVJHZLUNW KDEHQ GD HLQH YHU ULQJHUWH 7UDQVSLUDWLRQVOHLVWXQJ GHV :DOGHV GHQ :DVVHUDEÀXVV LP EHZHJWHQ 5HOLHI HUK|KW (LQH GDUDXV IROJHQGH EHVVHUH :DVVHUYHUVRUJXQJ GHU 0RRUH NDQQ ]X EHVFKOHXQLJWHP 0RRUZDFKVWXP XQG ]X 2OLJRWURSKLHUXQJVWHQGHQ]HQ I KUHQ HEHQVR ZLH ]XU $XVELOGXQJ YRQ :DVVHUNLVVHQ LQ .HVVHOPRRUHQ RGHU JDU 0RRU EHUÀXWXQJHQ XQG LVW VRZRKO LP )ODFKODQG DOV DXFK LP 0LWWHO JHELUJH LP =XVDPPHQKDQJ PLW XPIDQJUHLFKHQ 5RGXQJHQ EHNDQQW -(6&+.( 68&&2: -2267(1 ,P 6SH WDOPRRU LVW QXQ HLQH 6XN]HVVLRQ LQ GHU 0RRUYHJHWDWLRQ ]X EHRE DFKWHQ GLH DOV )ROJH YHUEHVVHUWHU :DVVHUYHU VRUJXQJ PLW HLQKHUJHKHQGHU %DVHQYHUDUPXQJ HUNOlUW ZHUGHQ NDQQ (V KDQGHOW VLFK KLHUEHL XP GLH +HUDXVELOGXQJ YRQ %LUNHQEUXFKZlOGHUQ PLW )UDQJXOD XQG 6RUEXV DXFXSDULD VRZLH 6D OL[ KLHU ZRKO 6 FLQHUHD 6 DXULWD =ZDU NDQQ HLQ 7HLO GHU VWDUN DQJHVWLHJHQHQ 3ROOHQZHUWH LQVEHVRQGHUH YRQ %HWXOD XQG 6RUEXV DXFK GHQ ELUNHQUHLFKHQ 5HJHQHUDWLRQVVWDGLHQ GHV :DOG

ZHLGHNRPSOH[HV ]XJHVFKULHEHQ ZHUGHQ V R GRFK VLQG $QVWLHJH YRQ %HWXOD DXI IDVW XQG YRQ 6RUEXV HQWRPRJDP DXI EHU QXU PLW ORNDOHP G K PRRUHLJHQHP 3ROOHQQLH GHUVFKODJ HUNOlUEDU (UOHQDUPH %UXFKZlOGHU HQWVWHKHQ ZHQQ GHU %DVHQJHKDOW XQWHU PJ &D2 O VLQNW (//(1%(5* 'LHV ZXUGH RIIHQVLFKWOLFK GXUFK HLQHQ VSUXQJKDIW DQVWHL JHQGHQ %RGHQZDVVHU]XÀXVV YHUPLWWHOW GHU GLH 9HUVDXHUXQJ I|UGHUWH 6WUDWLJUDSKLVFK VFKOlJW VLFK GLH YHUEHVVHUWH :DVVHUYHUVRUJXQJ LQ ]ZLVFKHQ]HLWOLFK KlX¿JHUHQ 1DFKZHLVHQ YRQ 6SKDJQXP %OlWWFKHQ QLHGHU VLHKH 7DE 'LH URGXQJVEHGLQJWH 9HUlQGHUXQJ GHU 0RRUYHJHWD WLRQ ZLUG GDGXUFK JHVW W]W GDVV PLW GHP 1DFK ODVVHQ GHU 5RGXQJVLQWHQVLWlW LQ =RQH GLH (UOH ZLHGHU GLH 9RUKHUUVFKDIW LP 6SH WDOPRRU EHUQLPPW 'HQ HLQVHW]HQGHQ 1DFKZHLVHQ YRQ 2VPXQGD ]XIROJH VHW]WH DE GHP +RFKPLWWHODO WHU LQ EHLGHQ 0RRUHQ HLQH VWlUNHUH 9HUVDXHUXQJ HLQ 2VPXQGD UHJDOLV LVW &KDUDNWHUDUW GHV 6SKD JQR $OQHWXPV XQG GLHQW DOV 'LIIHUHQWLDODUW GLH DXI JU| HUH %RGHQVlXUH KLQZHLVW 'DEHL O|VHQ GLH 1DFKZHLVH GHV 6lXUH]HLJHUV 2VPXQGD DE GHU =RQH GLH %DVHQ]HLJHU 6XFFLVD XQG 3UL PXOD FOXVLDQD 7\S &KU\VRVSOHQLXP VS DE ,P JHVDPWVWUDWLJUDSKLVFKHQ =XVDPPHQKDQJ N|QQHQ GDKHU GLH 9HUVDXHUXQJVYRUJlQJH QXU PLW DQWKURSRJHQHU :DOGQXW]XQJ LQ 9HUELQGXQJ JHEUDFKW ZHUGHQ 6RPLW VFKHLQW GLH QXQ IRUW VFKUHLWHQGH %HZLUWVFKDIWXQJ GHU :lOGHU GLH $XVEUHLWXQJ GHV .|QLJVIDUQV LQGLUHNW JHI|UGHUW ]X KDEHQ GHQQ ]XPLQGHVW LP 6FKZDQHQWDO KlX IHQ VLFK GLH 1DFKZHLVH LQ GHU M QJVWHQ =RQH 'LH LQ GHU 5RWHQ /LVWH YRQ 'HXWVFKODQG XQG 5KHLQODQG 3IDO] DXIJHI KUWH $UW WULWW DXFK KHXWH VWHOOHQZHLVH LP 3IlO]HUZDOG DXI 6&+8/=( 75g*(5 'HU hEHUJDQJ ]XU =RQH PLW HLQHP GHXWOLFKHQ 5 FNJDQJ GHU 6LHGOXQJV]HLJHU GHP 5 FNJDQJ GHU 4XHUFXV XQG GHP $QVWLHJ GHU )DJXV .XU YH LVW LP 'LDJUDPP 6FKZDQHQWDO QLFKW VFKDUI ]X IDVVHQ ZRKLQJHJHQ GLHVH 3KDVH GHU /DQG VFKDIWVHQWZLFNOXQJ LP 6SH WDOPRRU LQ KRKHU ]HLWOLFKHU $XÀ|VXQJ ZLGHUJHVSLHJHOW ZLUG +LHU YHUOlXIW GHU 5 FNJDQJ GHU 6LHGOXQJV]HLJHU SDUDOOHO ]XU .XUYH GHU +RO]NRKOHSDUWLNHO XQG EHVFKUHLEW HLQH /DQGQXW]XQJVlQGHUXQJ GLH PLW GHQ $XVZLUNXQJHQ GHU VSlWPLWWHODOWHUOLFKHQ : VWXQJVSHULRGH HUNOlUEDU ZlUH ZHOFKH LQ GHU


=XU VSlWKROR]lQHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV ]ZHLWHQ 'HNDGH GHV -KV LP 3IlO]HUZDOG HLQVHW]WH +,/'(%5$1'7 +(86(5 +,/'(%5$1'7 XQG LP (LQ]XJVJHELHW GHV 6SH WDOPRRUHV RIIHQVLFKWOLFK HUVW LP -K ]XU *HOWXQJ NDP 'HU YHUULQJHUWH 1XW]XQJVGUXFN DXI GLH :lOGHU I KUWH ]XU 5HJHQHUDWLRQ GHU %XFKHQEHVWlQGH DXI GHQ PLWWOHUHQ 6WDQGRUWHQ 'DGXUFK WULWW 4XHUFXV LP 3ROOHQQLHGHUVFKODJ ZLHGHU ]X U FN *HJHQ (QGH GHU =RQH HUUHLFKW )DJXV HLQ 0D[LPXP YRQ XQG ZHLVW GDPLW VRJDU K|KHUH :HUWH DXI DOV YRU GHP (LQVHW]HQ GHU KRFKPLWWHODOWHUOLFKHQ 5RGXQJHQ 3DUDOOHO ]XP )DJXV $QVWLHJ IlOOW GLH .XUYH GHU 3RDFHDH DE 'LHV LOOXVWULHUW GLH ]XQHKPHQGH %HVFKDWWXQJ LQ GHQ PHVRSKLOHQ :lOGHUQ DP 6SH EHUJ XQG GLH 9HUlQGHUXQJ GHU HKHPDOV JUDVUHLFKHQ OLFKWHQ (LFKHQZlOGHU :lKUHQG GLH :DOGUHJHQHUDWLRQ DXI GHQ PLWWOHUHQ 6WDQGRUWHQ IRUWVFKULWW YHU ODJHUWH VLFK GHU :HLGHGUXFN DXI GLH WURFNHQHQ 6WDQGRUWH (LQ W\SLVFKHV $Q]HLFKHQ GDI U LVW GLH $XVEUHLWXQJ YRQ :DFKROGHUKHLGHQ ZLH GLHV GXUFK GDV (LQVHW]HQ GHU -XQLSHUXV .XU YH JH]HLJW ZLUG 'XUFK GLH %HZHLGXQJ ZLUG HEHQVR GLH .LHIHU JHI|UGHUW GD VLH ZLH GHU :DFKROGHU YRP 9LHK JHPLHGHQ ZLUG 'LH ZHLGHEHGLQJWHQ :DOGDXÀLFKWXQJHQ GHU 7UR FNHQVWDQGRUWH EHJ QVWLJWHQ DXFK GLH ZHLWHUH $XVEUHLWXQJ YRQ 3RSXOXV =X %HJLQQ GHU =RQH VWHLJHQ ZLHGHU GLH :HUWH GHU *HWUHLGH LQFO 6HFDOH DQ 'HU YHUVWlUNWH QXQ QHX]HLWOLFKH /DQGQXW]XQJVGUXFN VSLHJHOW VLFK DXFK LQ GHU VFKODJDUWLJ ZLHGHU HLQVHW]HQ GHQ .XUYH GHU +RO]NRKOH 3DUWLNHO ZLGHU 'LHVH XQG GHU 5 FNJDQJ YRQ )DJXV VLQG =HXJQLV GHU HLQVHW]HQGHQ 0HLOHUZLUWVFKDIW LP 3IlO]HU ZDOG =ZDU VHW]WH GLH 0DVVHQN|KOHUHL HUVW DE PLW GHU (UULFKWXQJ YRQ (LVHQVFKPHO]HQ XQG +DPPHUZHUNHQ HLQ GRFK ZHLVHQ VRZRKO GDWLHUWH +RO]NRKOHIXQGH DOV DXFK VSUDFKJH VFKLFKWOLFKH %HOHJH GDUDXI KLQ GDVV HV LQ GHQ :lOGHUQ XP -RKDQQLVNUHX] VFKRQ YRU GLHVHU (SRFKH HLQ]HOQH .RKOVWHOOHQ JHJHEHQ KDW +,/'(%5$1'7 +(86(5 +,/'(%5$1'7 'HU QHX]HLWOLFKH N|KOHUHLJHSUlJWH :DOGXP EDX LQGHV lKQHOW LQ GHQ *UXQG] JHQ GHP GHV KRFKPLWWHODOWHUOLFKHQ /DQGHVDXVEDXV EOHLEW DOOHUGLQJV LQ VHLQHU ,QWHQVLWlW GHXWOLFK KLQWHU MHQHP ]XU FN =XGHP VLQG LQ GLHVHU 3KDVH GLH 6WDQGRUWH GHU .LHIHU GHUHQ .XUYH ZHLWHU DQVWHLJW QLFKW YRP (LQVFKODJ EHWURIIHQ 'DU

DXI ZHLVHQ DXFK GLH .RKOKRO]VSHNWUHQ KLQ LQ GHQHQ 3LQXV QXU HLQH XQWHUJHRUGQHWH 5ROOH VSLHOW +,/'(%5$1'7 +(86(5 +,/'(%5$1'7 'HU 5 FNJDQJ GHU 3RSXOXV .XUYH DQ GHU *UHQ]H ]X =RQH EHVWlWLJW GDVV VLFK GLH (VSH ZlKUHQG GHU %XFKHQDXVEUHLWXQJ DXI GHQ WURFNHQHQ XQG QLFKW DXI GHQ PLWWOHUHQ 6WDQG RUWHQ DXVJHEUHLWHW KDWWH XQG QXQ LP =XJH GHU 6XN]HVVLRQ YRQ GHU .LHIHU XQG ZRKO DXFK GHU (LFKH DEJHO|VW ZXUGH 'HU V\QFKURQH $QVWLHJ GHU 3LQXV XQG 3LFHD VRZLH LP 6FKZDQHQWDOPRRU DXFK GHU $ELHV .XUYH =RQH UHÀHNWLHUW GDV (LQVHW]HQ GHU )RUVWZLUWVFKDIW DE GHP DXVJHKHQGHQ -K .LH IHUQNXOWXUHQ VLQG LP 3IlO]HUZDOG DE HWZD QDFK]XZHLVHQ GRFK ZXUGH PLW GHU SODQPl LJHQ 8PZDQGOXQJ GHV /DXEZDOGHV HUVW JHJHQ (QGH GHV -KV EHJRQQHQ 6R ZXUGHQ LP )RUVWDPW -RKDQQLVNUHX] GLH HUVWHQ .LHIHUQ JHJHQ HLQJHI KUW XQG LQ GHU =HLW YRQ ELV JUR H 6FKOlJH PLW .LHIHUQ )LFKWHQ XQG DXFK /lUFKHQ DQJHVlW 0h1&+ .h1.(/( =XVDPPHQ PLW GHP 6WHLODQVWLHJ GHU 3LQXV V\OYHVWULV 7\S .XUYH EHJLQQW DXFK GLH .XUYH YRP 3LQXV FHPEUD 7\S KLHU 3 VWUREXV XQG UH ÀHNWLHUW GLH LP -K HLQVHW]HQGH $QSÀDQ]XQJ GHU :H\PRXWKVNLHIHU LP *HELHW ZHQQ DXFK HLQ *UR WHLO GHV YRQ GHU 6WUREH SURGX]LHUWHQ 3ROOHQV VLFK QLFKW YRP 3ROOHQ GHU :DOGNLHIHU WUHQQHQ OlVVW XQG LQ GHU 3LQXV V\OYHVWULV 7\S .XUYH HQWKDOWHQ LVW YJO %HXJ 'LH DQVWHLJHQGHQ :HUWH YRP /DUL[ 7\S VSLHJHOQ HEHQIDOOV IRUVW OLFKH 0D QDKPHQ ZLGHU /DUL[ 3VHXGRWVXJD :lKUHQG GHU /lUFKHQDQEDX VFKRQ IU K EHOHJW LVW V R VFKHLQW GLH DE GHU 0LWWH GHU =RQH ZHLWHU DQVWHLJHQGH .XUYH GLH $QSÀDQ]XQJ GHU 'RXJODVLH ]X UHÀHNWLHUHQ GLH DE GHP (QGH GHV -KV LP *HELHW XP -RKDQQLVNUHX] JHI|UGHUW ZXUGH % 67(&.(/ IUG PGO 0LWW 'LH .XUYH YRQ &DVWDQHD VHW]W JHJHQ (QGH GHU =RQH HLQ XQG LVW DE GHP 0LWWHODOWHU JH VFKORVVHQ 'LH LQ =RQH GHXWOLFK JHVWLHJHQHQ :HUWH VLQG =HXJQLV GHU IRUVWOLFKHQ 3ÀHJH GHU (GHONDVWDQLHQ GLH EHL GHU :LHGHUEHZDOGXQJ GHV +DDUGWUDQGHV DE EHYRU]XJW ZXUGHQ +,00/(5 5g//(5 'RUW ¿QGHW VLH DXFK KHXWH GLH J QVWLJVWHQ %HGLQJXQJHQ XQG YHUKlOW VLFK LQIROJH VXEVSRQWDQHU $XVEUHLWXQJ ZLH HLQH HLQKHLPLVFKH %DXPDUW 'LH JHULQJHQ 9RU NRPPHQ LP 3IlO]HUZDOG ± VLH LVW LQ DOOHU


67())(1 :2/7(56

:DOGEHVWlQGH HQWKDOWHQ ± VLQG DXI )RUVWJlUWHQ 5DVWSOlW]H XQG 'XUFKJDQJVZHJH EHVFKUlQNW ZR GLH .DVWDQLH DOV .XOWXUIROJHU )X IDVVW /$1* : $XFK KHXWH ILQGHQ VLFK HQWODQJ GHU :HJH XP -RKDQQLVNUHX] HLQLJH VWDWWOLFKH ([HP SODUH :lKUHQG &DVWDQHD XQG -XJODQV VHLW GHU 5|PLVFKHQ .DLVHU]HLW LQ GHU 3IDO] HLQJHE UJHUW VLQG WUHWHQ LQ GHU IRUVWOLFK JHSUlJWHQ :DOG HQWZLFNOXQJVSKDVH ZHLWHUH QLFKWHLQKHLPLVFKH /DXEJHK|O]H KLQ]X 'D]X ]lKOHQ 3ODWDQXV XQG $HVFXOXV ZREHL HUVWHUH LQ GHQ 3ROOHQGLDJUDP PHQ UHJHOPl LJ QDFKJHZLHVHQ ZLUG 'DV (LQ VHW]HQ GHU 1DFKZHLVH PLW %HJLQQ GHU =RQH VSULFKW GDI U GDVV GLH 3ODWDQH GLH ]ZDU VFKRQ YRU LQ 'HXWVFKODQG HUVW JHJHQ (QGH GHV -KV LP 3IlO]HUZDOG NXOWLYLHUW ZXUGH (LQH lKQOLFK VSlWH .XOWLYLHUXQJ LVW DXFK DXV GHP %HU OLQHU 5DXP EHNDQQW .2:$5,.

: VWXQJVSKDVH GDUDXI KLQ GDVV 'DXHU XQG ,Q WHQVLWlW GHU LP 'LDJUDPP 6SH WDOPRRU HUIDVVWHQ 6LHGOXQJVSKDVHQ ORNDOVSH]L¿VFK VLQG 'LH I U GLH (UIDVVXQJ GHV UHJLRQDOHQ 3ROOHQ QLHGHUVFKODJV HUIRUGHUOLFKHQ JUR ÀlFKLJHQ 9HUPRRUXQJHQ VLQG UDU $XV QDWXUUlXPOLFKHU XQG VLHGOXQJVJHVFKLFKWOLFKHU 6LFKW ZlUH GDKHU HLQH HUQHXWH 8QWHUVXFKXQJ GHV ELV ]X P EUHLWHQ 7DOERGHQV GHU 0RRVDOEH LQ XQPLWWHO EDUHU 1lKH ]XU PLWWHODOWHUOLFKHQ *UDQJLH GHV /DXEHUKRIV LQWHUHVVDQW 35(&+7 HUERKUWH GRUW ELV ]X FP SROOHQI KUHQGH 6HGLPHQWH GLH ELV LQ GLH VSlWH :lUPH]HLW ]XU FNUHLFKHQ ZLH GLHV GLH OLQGHQUHLFKHQ %DVLVSUREHQ RKQH )DJXV XQG &DUSLQXV ]HLJHQ (UJlQ]HQG GD]X VLQG ZHLWHUH 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ LQ GHQ ]DKOUHL FKHQ 4XHOO E]Z 4XHOO +DQJPRRUHQ ] % 75g*(5 RGHU LQ GHQ :RRJHQ 52:(&. HW DO Z QVFKHQVZHUW +LHUEHL N|QQHQ 6 Schlussfolgerungen )UDJHQ GHU VWDQG|UWOLFKHQ 'LIIHUHQ]LHUXQJ GHU JUXQGZDVVHUQDKHQ QDW UOLFKHQ 9HJHWDWLRQ XQG 0LW GHQ YRUOLHJHQGHQ 3ROOHQGLDJUDPPHQ ZXUGH GLH .OlUXQJ GHU QDW UOLFKHQ 9HUEUHLWXQJVJUHQ HLQH YHJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFKH )RUVFKXQJVO FNH ]H YRQ $ELHV YRQ JUR HP ,QWHUHVVH VHLQ LQ 6 GZHVWGHXWVFKODQG JHVFKORVVHQ XQG HLQ ZHLWHUHU %DXVWHLQ I U YHUJOHLFKHQGH 6WXGLHQ 7 Dank GHU KROR]lQHQ :DOG XQG 0RRUHQWZLFNOXQJ LQ 'HXWVFKODQGV %XQGVDQGVWHLQJHELUJHQ JHOHJW 'HU $XWRU P|FKWH DQ GLHVHU 6WHOOH =XU (LQVFKUlQNXQJ VHL DOOHUGLQJV GDUDXI KLQJH 3URI 'U + +LOGHEUDQGW 0DLQ] I U GLH ,QL ZLHVHQ GDVV GLH KLHU SUlVHQWLHUWHQ 'LDJUDPPH WLLHUXQJ GHV )RUVFKXQJVSURMHNWHV XQG GLH VLFK QXU EHGLQJW DOV UHJLRQDOH 6WDQGDUGSUR¿OH (LQZHUEXQJ GHU 0LWWHO I U & 'DWLHUXQJHQ I U GLH 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV GDQNHQ :HLWHUKLQ GDQNH LFK IROJHQGHQ 3HUVR HLJQHQ 'LHV HUJLEW VLFK DXV GHP JHULQJHQ 3RO QHQ 'U % +HXVHU +LOGHEUDQGW 0DLQ] XQG OHQHLQ]XJVJHELHW GHU XQWHUVXFKWHQ .OHLQVWPRR 'U ) %LWWPDQQ 1,K. :LOKHOPVKDYHQ I U +LO UH ZHOFKH KDXSWVlFKOLFK GHQ 3ROOHQQLHGHUVFKODJ IH EHL GHU *HOlQGHDUEHLW 'U $ +|O]HU 6WDDWOL DXV GHU XQPLWWHOEDUHQ 1DFKEDUVFKDIW GHU 0RRUH FKHV 0XVHXP I U 1DWXUNXQGH .DUOVUXKH XQG ± ELV PHKUHUH P ± HUIDVVHQ &$/&27( 'U 6 6FKOR -RFNJULP I U /LWHUDWXUUHFKHUFKHQ /$1* :lKUHQG GLH DXIJH]HLJWHQ 9HJHWD XQG 'LVNXVVLRQ XQG )RUVWGLUHNWRU % 6WHFNHO WLRQVYHUlQGHUXQJHQ DXI %HVWDQGVHEHQH GXUFK )RUVWDPW -RKDQQLVNUHX] I U +LQZHLVH ]XU )RUVW DXV H[HPSODULVFKHQ &KDUDNWHU I U GLH QDW UOLFKH JHVFKLFKWH . %HKUHQG 1,K. :LOKHOPVKDYHQ :DOGHQWZLFNOXQJ GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV KDEHQ I KUWH GLH 3UREHQDXIEHUHLWXQJHQ GXUFK %HL GHU N|QQHQ GLH 'LDJUDPPH GLH :LGHUVSLHJHOXQJ (UVWHOOXQJ GHU *UD¿NHQ KDOIHQ 5 .LHSH 1,K. GHV UHJLRQDOHQ 6LHGOXQJVJHVFKHKHQV QLFKW OHLV :LOKHOPVKDYHQ XQG 0 0 OOHU 8QLYHUVLWlW WHQ VRQGHUQ VLH ]HLJHQ OHGLJOLFK ORNDOH (LQJULIIH 0 QVWHU ,KQHQ DOOHQ JLOW PHLQ KHU]OLFKHU 'DQN LQ GLH %HVWDQGVVWUXNWXU 'LHV ZLUG VFKRQ DOOHLQ GXUFK GLH DEZHLFKHQGHQ .XUYHQYHUOlXIH LQ GHQ 8 Literatur =RQHQ ELV GHXWOLFK REZRKO GLH %RKUSXQNWH GHU EHLGHQ 0RRUH QXU HWZD P YRQHLQDQGHU %(+5( . ( 7KH LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RI DQWKURSR HQWIHUQW OLHJHQ 'DU EHU KLQDXV ZHLVHQ ]HLWOLFKH JHQLF LQGLFDWRUV LQ SROOHQ GLDJUDPV ± 3ROOHQ HW ,QNRQVLVWHQ]HQ ]XP UHJLRQDOHQ 6LHGOXQJVYHU 6SRUHV 23 ± 3DULV ODXI ] % (LQVHW]HQ GHU VSlWPLWWHODOWHUOLFKHQ %(+5( . ( 7KH KLVWRU\ RI U\H FXOWLYDWLRQ


=XU VSlWKROR]lQHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV ± 9HJHWDWLRQ +LVWRU\ DQG $UFKDHRERWDQ\ 1 ± +HLGHOEHUJ %(+5( . ( .8ý$1 ' 'LH *HVFKLFKWH GHU .XOWXUODQGVFKDIW XQG GHV $FNHUEDXV LQ GHU 6LHGOXQJVNDPPHU )O|JHOQ 1LHGHUVDFKVHQ VHLW GHU -XQJVWHLQ]HLW ± 3UREOHPH GHU . VWHQIRU VFKXQJ LP V GOLFKHQ 1RUGVHHJHELHW 21 ± 2OGHQEXUJ %(8* + - /HLWIDGHQ GHU 3ROOHQEHVWLPPXQJ ± 6 $EE 7DE 7DI 0 QFKHQ 3IHLO %2+1 8 1(8+b86/ 5 *2//8% * +(77:(5 & 1(8+b86/29È = 6&+/h7(5 + :(%(5 + .DUWH GHU QDW UOLFKHQ 9HJHWDWLRQ (XURSDV 0D VWDE 7HLO (UOlXWHUXQJVWHLO PLW &' 520 ± 6 0 QVWHU /DQGZLUWVFKDIWV YHUODJ %2,6(//( 5 2%(5'25)(5 ( 'HU 3IlO]HU :DOG HLQ QDW UOLFKHV 9HUEUHLWXQJVJHELHW GHU .LH IHU ± $OOJHPHLQH )RUVW XQG -DJG]HLWXQJ 128 ± )UDQNIXUW 0 %5$1'( $ 0LWWHODOWHUOLFK QHX]HLWOLFKH 9HJHWDWLRQVHQWZLFNOXQJ DP .UXPPHQ )HQQ LQ %HUOLQ =HKOHQGRUI ± 9HUKDQGOXQJHQ GHV %HUOLQHU %RWDQLVFKHQ 9HUHLQV 4 ± %HUOLQ &$/&27( 5 3ROOHQ VRXUFH DUHD DQG SRO OHQ SURGXFWLYLW\ HYLGHQFH IURP IRUHVW KROORZV ± -RXUQDO RI (FRORJ\ 83 ± 2[IRUG ',(56&+.( + /DXURSK\OOLVDWLRQ DXFK HLQH (UVFKHLQXQJ LP Q|UGOLFKHQ 0LWWHOHXURSD" =XU DN WXHOOHQ $XVEUHLWXQJ YRQ +HGHUD KHOL[ LQ VRPPHU JU QHQ /DXEZlOGHUQ ± %HULFKWH GHU 5HLQKROG 7 [HQ *HVHOOVFKDIW 17 ± +DQQRYHU 'g5)/(5 : (9$16 $ 1$.2,1= 2 86,1*(5 + :2/) $ :DQGHO GHU .XOWXUODQGVFKDIW DOV $XVGUXFN NXOWXUHOOHQ :DQGHOV" 3ROOHQDQDO\WLVFKH XQG VLHGOXQJVDUFKlRORJLVFKH 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ ]XU 5RPDQLVLHUXQJ LQ GHU 9XONDQHLIHO ± ,Q +$))1(5 $ 921 6&+185%(,1 6 +UVJ .HOWHQ *HU PDQHQ 5|PHU LP 0LWWHOJHELUJVUDXP ]ZLVFKHQ /X[HPEXUJ XQG 7K ULQJHQ ± %RQQ +DEHOW '8%2,6 * '8%2,6 & +e( $ :$/7(5 ( /D YHJHWDWLRQ HW O¶KLVWRULH GH OD WRXUELHUH G¶(UOHQPRRV HQ 9DVJRYLH ± %XOOHWLQ GH OD 6RFLpWp G¶+LVWRLUH 1DWXUHOOH GH OD 0RVHOOH 35 ± 0HW] (//(1%(5* + 9HJHWDWLRQ 0LWWHOHXURSDV PLW GHQ $OSHQ ± $XÀ 6 $EE 7DE 6WXWWJDUW 8OPHU

),5%$6 ) =XU VSlW XQG QDFKHLV]HLWOLFKHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVHQWZLFNOXQJ GHU 5KHLQSIDO] ± %HL KHIWH ]XP %RWDQLVFKHQ &HQWUDOEODWW 52 ± 'UHVGHQ ),5%$6 ) 6SlW XQG QDFKHLV]HLWOLFKH :DOG JHVFKLFKWH 0LWWHOHXURSDV Q|UGOLFK GHU $OSHQ %DQG $OOJHPHLQH :DOGJHVFKLFKWH ± 6 $EE -HQD )LVFKHU ),5%$6 ) 6SlW XQG QDFKHLV]HLWOLFKH :DOG JHVFKLFKWH 0LWWHOHXURSDV Q|UGOLFK GHU $OSHQ %DQG :DOGJHVFKLFKWH GHU HLQ]HOQHQ /DQGVFKDI WHQ ± 6 $EE -HQD )LVFKHU ),5%$6 ) *5h1,* * :(,6&+('(/ , :25=(/ * %HLWUlJH ]XU VSlW XQG QDFKHLV]HLWOLFKHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHU 9RJHVHQ ± %LEOLRWKHFD %RWDQLFD 121 ± 6WXWWJDUW )5(1=(/ % 'LH YRUPLWWHODOWHUOLFKH %HVLHG OXQJVJHVFKLFKWH GHV ZHVWOLFKHQ +XQVU FNV XQG GHU :HVWHLIHO QDFK SDOlRERWDQLVFKHQ %HIXQGHQ ± ,Q +$))1(5 $ 0,521 $ +UVJ 6WXGLHQ ]XU (LVHQ]HLW LP +XQVU FN 1DKH 5DXP ± 7ULHU 5KHLQLVFKHV /DQGHVPXVHXP )5(81' + 3ROOHQDQDO\WLVFKH 8QWHUVXFKXQ JHQ ]XU 9HJHWDWLRQV XQG 6LHGOXQJVHQWZLFNOXQJ LP ZHVWOLFKHQ :HVHUEHUJODQG ± $EKDQGOXQJHQ DXV GHP :HVWIlOLVFKHQ 0XVHXP I U 1DWXUNXQGH 56 (1) ± 0 QVWHU )5,('0$11 $ 'LH VSlW XQG SRVWJOD]LDOH /DQGVFKDIWV XQG 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV V GOLFKHQ 2EHUUKHLQWLHÀDQGHV XQG 6FKZDU] ZDOGV ± )UHLEXUJHU *HRJUDSKLVFKH +HIWH 62 ± )UHLEXUJ *(,*(5 0 'HU 3IlO]HUZDOG LP JHRJUDSKL VFKHQ hEHUEOLFN ± ,Q *(,*(5 0 35(8 * 527+(1%(5*(5 . + +UVJ 'HU 3IlO]HUZDOG 3RUWUlW HLQHU /DQGVFKDIW ± /DQGDX 3IlO]L VFKH /DQGHVNXQGH +b%(5/( ' 'LH QDW UOLFKHQ /DQGVFKDIWHQ GHU 5KHLQSIDO] ± ,Q :DQGHUE FKOHLQ GHV 3IlO ]HUZDOG 9HUHLQV 6RQGHUDEGUXFN ± .DL VHUVODXWHUQ .D\VHU +$,/(5 1 'LH 7UDXEHQHLFKH LP 3IlO]HU :DOG ± 0LWWHLOXQJHQ GHU 3ROOLFKLD ,,, 5HLKH 16 ± %DG ' UNKHLP +$77 - 3 &RQWULEXWLRQ D O¶DQDO\VH SROOLQLTXH GHV 7RXUELqUHV GX 1RUG (VW GH OD )UDQFH ± %XOOHWLQ GX 6HUYLFH GH OD &DUWH *pRORJLTXH G¶$OVDFH HW GH /RUUDLQH 4 ± 6WUDVERXUJ +,/'(%5$1'7 + +(86(5 +,/'(%5$1'7 % .XOWXUODQGVFKDIWVJHQHWLVFKH XQG EHVWDQGVJH


67())(1 :2/7(56

VFKLFKWOLFKH 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ DQKDQG YRQ .RKO KRO]VSHNWUHQ DXV KLVWRULVFKHQ 0HLOHUSOlW]HQ 3ROOHQGLDJUDPPHQ XQG DUFKLYDOLVFKHQ 4XHOOHQ LP 1DWXUSDUN 3IlO]HUZDOG )RUVWDPW -RKDQQLV NUHX] ± 6 0DLQ] 0LQLVWHULXP I U 8PZHOW XQG )RUVWHQ YRQ 5KHLQODQG 3IDO] +,00/(5 + 5g//(5 2 2EHUUKHLQJHELHW 9LHOIDOW GHU gNRV\VWHPH ]ZLVFKHQ 3IlO]HUZDOG XQG 5KHLQ ± 3HWHUPDQQV *HRJUDSKLVFKH 0LWWHL OXQJHQ 145 ± *RWKD +g/=(5 $ +g/=(5 $ 6WXGLHV RQ WKH YHJ HWDWLRQ KLVWRU\ RI WKH /DXWHUPRRU LQ WKH 8SSHU 5KLQH 9DOOH\ 6: *HUPDQ\ E\ PHDQV RI SROOHQ PDFURIRVVLOV DQG JHRFKHPLVWU\ ± 'LVVHUWDWLRQHV %RWDQLFDH 234 ± %HUOLQ +g/=(5 $ +g/=(5 $ 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ ]XU 9HJHWDWLRQV XQG 6LHGOXQJVJHVFKLFKWH LP *UR HQ XQG .OHLQHQ 0XKU DQ GHU +RUQLVJULQGH 1RUGVFKZDU]ZDOG ± 0LWWHLOXQJHQ GHV 9HUHLQV I U )RUVWOLFKH 6WDQGRUWVNXQGH XQG )RUVWSÀDQ]HQ ] FKWXQJ 42 ± 6WXWWJDUW -$(6&+.( - =XU QDFKHLV]HLWOLFKHQ :DOGJH VFKLFKWH GHU 5KHLQ XQG 6DDUSIDO] ± %HLKHIWH ]XP %RWDQLVFKHQ &HQWUDOEODWW 58/B (2) ± 'UHVGHQ -$+16 6 7KH ODWHU +RORFHQH KLVWRU\ RI YHJHWDWLRQ ODQG XVH DQG VHWWOHPHQWV DURXQG WKH $KOHTXHOOPRRU LQ WKH 6ROOLQJ DUHD *HUPDQ\ ± 9HJHWDWLRQ +LVWRU\ DQG $UFKDHRERWDQ\ 15 ± +HLGHOEHUJ -(6&+.( / 'HU (LQIOX GHU .OLPDVFKZDQ NXQJHQ XQG 5RGXQJVSKDVHQ DXI GLH 0RRU HQWZLFNOXQJ LP 0LWWHODOWHU ± *OHGLWVFKLD 18 ± %HUOLQ .('',*.(,7 - 'HU 3IlO]HUZDOG DOV KLVWRULVFK SROLWLVFKHU 5DXP ± ,Q *(,*(5 0 35(8 * 527+(1%(5*(5 . + +UVJ 'HU 3IlO]HUZDOG 3RUWUlW HLQHU /DQGVFKDIW 63–92 /DQGDX 3IlO]L VFKH /DQGHVNXQGH .(,3(5 - 'LH /LQGH LP 3IlO]HUZDOG XQG LQ GHQ EULJHQ :DOGJHELHWHQ GHU 3IDO] , ±,,, 7HLO ± )RUVWZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKHV &HQWUDOEODWW 38 ± ± ± %HUOLQ .2:$5,. , (LQI KUXQJ XQG $XVEUHLWXQJ QLFKWHLQKHLPLVFKHU *HK|O]H LQ %HUOLQ XQG %UDQ GHQEXUJ ± 9HUKDQGOXQJHQ GHV %RWDQLVFKHQ 9HUHLQV YRQ %HUOLQ XQG %UDQGHQEXUJ %HLKHIW 3 6 %HUOLQ /$*,(6 0 3DO\QRORJLVFKH 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ ]XU 9HJHWDWLRQV XQG 6LHGOXQJVJHVFKLFKWH YRQ

6SHVVDUW XQG 2GHQZDOG ZlKUHQG GHV M QJHUHQ +ROR]lQV ± 0DWHULDOKHIWH ]XU $UFKlRORJLH LQ %D GHQ : UWWHPEHUJ 73 ± 6WXWWJDUW /$1* * 1HXH 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ EHU GLH VSlW XQG QDFKHLV]HLWOLFKH 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFK WH GHV 6FKZDU]ZDOGHV ,,, 'HU 6FKXUPVHH LP 1RUGVFKZDU]ZDOG (LQ %HLWUDJ ]XU .LHIHUQIUDJH ± %HLWUlJH ]XU QDWXUNXQGOLFKHQ )RUVFKXQJ LQ 6 G ZHVWGHXWVFKODQG 17 ± .DUOVUXKH /$1* * 4XDUWlUH 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH (XURSDV ± 6 $EE 7DE -HQD )L VFKHU /$1* * ,PPLJUDWLRQ DQG H[SDQVLRQ RI 7LOLD LQ (XURSH VLQFH WKH ODVW *ODFLDO ± ,Q 721.29 6 +UVJ $VSHFWV RI 3DO\QRORJ\ DQG 3DODHRHFRO RJ\ )HVWVFKULIW %R]LORYD ± 6R¿D 3HQVRIW /$1* * 6HHQ XQG 0RRUH GHV 6FKZDU]ZDO GHV ± $QGULDV 16 ± .DUOVUXKH /$1* : 'LH (GHONDVWDQLHQ LKUH 9HUEUHL WXQJ XQG LKUH %H]LHKXQJ ]X GHQ QDWXUJHJHEHQHQ *UXQGODJHQ 7HLO ± 0LWWHLOXQJHQ GHU 3ROOLFKLD ,,, 5HLKH 17 ± %DG ' UNKHLP /$1* : 'LH (GHONDVWDQLHQ LKUH 9HUEUHL WXQJ XQG LKUH %H]LHKXQJ ]X GHQ QDWXUJHJHEHQHQ *UXQGODJHQ 7HLO ± 0LWWHLOXQJHQ GHU 3ROOLFKLD ,,, 5HLKH 18 ± %DG ' UNKHLP 0(7&$/)( ' - +HGHUD KHOL[ / ± -RXUQDO RI (FRORJ\ 93 ± 2[IRUG 0225( 3 ' :(%% - $ &2//,1621 0 ( 3ROOHQ DQDO\VLV ± $XÀ 6 2[IRUG %ODFN ZHOO 0h1&+ & .h1.(/( 7 'LH +HUNXQIW GHU SIlO]LVFKHQ .LHIHUQ ± )RUVWZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKHV &HQWUDOEODWW 45 ± %HUOLQ 2%(5'25)(5 ( 6 GGHXWVFKH 3IODQ]HQJHVHOO VFKDIWHQ 7HLO ,9 :lOGHU XQG *HE VFKH 7H[W EDQG ± $XÀ 6 $EE -HQD )LVFKHU 3277 5 'LH QDFKHLV]HLWOLFKH $XVEUHLWXQJ XQG KHXWLJH SÀDQ]HQVR]LRORJLVFKH 6WHOOXQJ YRQ ,OH[ DTXLIROLXP / ± 7XH[HQLD 10 ± *|WWLQJHQ 3277 5 +h33( - 'LH +XGHODQGVFKDIWHQ 1RUGZHVWGHXWVFKODQGV ± $EKDQGOXQJHQ DXV GHP :HVWIlOLVFKHQ 0XVHXP I U 1DWXUNXQGH 53 (1/2) ± 0 QVWHU 35(&+7 - 3ROOHQDQDO\WLVFKH 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ ]XU .LHIHUQIUDJH LP 3IlO]HUZDOG ± 0LWWHLOXQJHQ GHU 3ROOLFKLD ,,, 5HLKH 3 ± %DG ' UN KHLP 52//(5 2 9RU XQG )U KJHVFKLFKWH 5|PHU


=XU VSlWKROR]lQHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV ]HLW 9|ONHUZDQGHUXQJ ± ,Q *(,*(5 0 35(8 * 527+(1%(5*(5 . + +UVJ 'HU 3IlO]HU ZDOG 3RUWUlW HLQHU /DQGVFKDIW ± /DQGDX 3IlO]LVFKH /DQGHVNXQGH 5g6&+ 0 7\SH UHJLRQV ' Q ' DQG ' U 6RXWK :HVW *HUPDQ\ ± ,Q %(5*/81' % HW DO +UVJ 3DODHRHFRORJLFDO HYHQWV GXULQJ WKH ODVW \HDUV ± &KLFKHVWHU :LOH\ 52:(&. + $8(5 0 %(7= % )ORUD XQG 9HJHWDWLRQ G\VWURSKHU 7HLFKH LP 3IlO]HUZDOG ± 3ROOLFKLD %XFK 1U ± %DG ' UNKHLP 6$1*0(,67(5 ( =HLWVSXUHQ $UFKlRORJLVFKHV DXV %DGHQ ± 6 )UHLEXUJ .HKUHU 6&+8/=( * 'LH 9HUEUHLWXQJ GHV .|QLJVIDUQV 2VPXQGD UHJDOLV / LQ GHU 3IDO] ± 0LWWHLOXQJHQ GHU 3ROOLFKLD ,,, 5HLKH 12 ± %DG ' UN KHLP 60(77$1 + 3ROOHQDQDO\WLVFKH 8QWHUVXFKXQ JHQ ]XU 9HJHWDWLRQV XQG 6LHGOXQJVJHVFKLFKWH GHU 8PJHEXQJ YRQ 6HUVKHLP .UHLV /XGZLJVEXUJ ± )XQGEHULFKWH DXV %DGHQ : UWWHPEHUJ 10 ± 6WXWWJDUW 67$//,1* + 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ ]XU QDFKHLV ]HLWOLFKHQ 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWH GHV 0HL QHUV 1RUGKHVVHQ ± )ORUD 174 ± -HQD 672&.0$55 - 7DEOHWV ZLWK VSRUHV XVHG LQ DEVROXWH SROOHQ DQDO\VHV ± 3ROOHQ HW 6SRUHV 13 ± 3DULV 678,9(5 0 5(,0(5 3 - ([WHQGHG & GDWDEDVH DQG UHYLVHG &$/,% UDGLRFDUERQ FDOL

EUDWLRQ SURJUDP ± 5DGLRFDUERQ 35 ± 7XFVRQ 68&&2: 0 -2267(1 + /DQGVFKDIWV|NROR JLVFKH 0RRUNXQGH ± $XÀ 6 $EE 7DE )DUEELOGHU 6WXWWJDUW 6FKZHL]HU EDUW 68'+$86 ' 3DOlR|NRORJLVFKH 8QWHUVXFKXQ JHQ ]XU VSlWJOD]LDOHQ XQG KROR]lQHQ /DQGVFKDIWV JHQHVH GHV 2VWVFKZDU]ZDOGHV LP 9HUJOHLFK PLW GHQ %XQWVDQGVWHLQYRJHVHQ ± )UHLEXUJHU *HRJUD SKLVFKH +HIWH 64 ± )UHLEXUJ 75g*(5 8 3IODQ]HQVR]LRORJLVFKH %HDUEHL WXQJ DXVJHVXFKWHU 4XHOOHQ GHV 3IlO]HUZDOGHV XQWHU EHVRQGHUHU %HU FNVLFKWLJXQJ GHU $FLGLWlW ± 0LWWHLOXQJHQ GHU 3ROOLFKLD 85 ± %DG ' UNKHLP :$//(5 0 3 %,11(< + $ %817,1* 0 - $50,7$*( 5 $ 7KH LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RI IHQ FDUU SROOHQ GLDJUDPV SROOHQ YHJHWDWLRQ UHODWLRQVKLSV ZLWKLQ WKH IHQ FDUU ± 5HYLHZ RI 3DODHRERWDQ\ DQG 3DO\QRORJ\ 133 ± $PVWHUGDP :,/'( - 'LH .LHIHU LQ GHU 3IDO] ± )RUVW ZLVVHQVFKDIWOLFKHV &HQWUDOEODWW 49 ± %HUOLQ :2/7(56 6 9HJHWDWLRQVJHVFKLFKWOLFKH 8Q WHUVXFKXQJHQ ]XU VSlWJOD]LDOHQ XQG KROR]lQHQ /DQGVFKDIWVHQWZLFNOXQJ LQ GHU '|EHULW]HU +HLGH %UDQGHQEXUJ ± 'LVVHUWDWLRQHV %RWDQLFDH 366 ± %HUOLQ


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.