Integrants Geraldine Ismalej Karla Caceres Cynthian Poroj Daniela Astorias Dayana Fuentes
• They They
had a well designed system of law.
made the community became more important.
• It ended having 282 written laws. • The ziggurats were temples were and priests lived.
the kings
• Their society • The social structure was divide in four parts: first “THE KING” and the noble ones, second “THE LEADER GROUP” on it, were the priests the army the landowners and merchants, in third were “THE FREE PEOPLE” on it, were the farmers and artisans and on the fourth were “THE SLAVES”
• Trade and commerce developed in Mesopotamia because the farmers learned to irrigate their land. They could now grow more food than they could eat. They used the surplus to trade for goods and services. Ur, a city-state in Sumer, was a major center of commerce and trade. Temples were the chief employer and location for commercial activity. • The system of trade developed from people’s need. People in the mountains needed wheat and barley. Mountains people could give timber, limestone, gold, silver, and copper. Flax eat grown in the river valley and then woven into cloth. Linen garments were worn by priests and holy men. Wool and wool cloth was also important for trade. Wood was used for ships and furniture.
Speaking a polyglot of often unrelated languages; some wear wandering nomads, others permanent residents of villages, towns and cities. Nonetheless, Mesopotamia's agricultural, urban, and literary traditions, some with roots deep in the prehistoric period, tended to level the differences among contemporary ethnic groups and create a remarkable, though certainly not absolute, level of uniformity throughout the period. Mesopotamia
encompasses an enormous area from the shores of the Persian Gulfs north along the alluvial plain dissected by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their tributaries to their respective headwaters in the mountainous regions of southern Anatolia and western Iran.
• The people of ancient Mesopotamia spoke a number of language, including Akkadian, Eblaite, Elamite, Phoenician, Semitic, and Sumerian. • The script that was used to write many of the ancient Mesopotamian languages was called cuneiform, that wedge-shaped writing on clay tablets you may be familiar whit. Cuneiform was used to write several languages just as the alphabet we use to write English is also used to write French, Spanish, German, etc. Publicity
Religion • Their religion was polytheistic, in each city were worshiped different gods . • Even when they had someone's in common like: “ANU” god of heaven “ENKI” god of knowledge “NANNAR” god of the moon “INANNA” the Venus goddess “UTU” god of sun “EA” creator of the men and “ENLIL” god of the wind.
• Something that characterized them was that their gods were associated with different activities like livestock writing and confection etc.
• They used the art in large part to glorify powerful dynasties.
• They
were the first powerful Mesopotamian
civilization. They built temples on the top of vast ziggurats (stepped towers), elaborately decorated palaces.
• They
made sculptures in marble, and characterized by clasped hands and huge eyes.
• Their art form was narrative relief sculpture.
• They had access to large quantities of stone, and were used to decorate palaces.
• Their style was so similar from the Sumerian's style.
• They made bronze sculptures. One that’s very famous is the head of an Acadian king.
• They practiced all the Mesopotamian arts , and used to create relief sculptures. A great example is the Ishtar gate from the temple of bell.
• The bulk of discovered Mesopotamian literature comes from the Old Babylonian period, and much of that material comes from Nippur. • If it can be divided into genres, Mesopotamian literature typically falls into one of the following: stories about the destruction of cities; mythologies of the gods (mostly Enlil, but also Inanna, Enki and others); wisdom literature, including debate poems (where abstractions such as winter and summer debate their merits and it is decided who wins) and proverbs (examples below); and the Gilgamesh Epic.
• The Gilgamesh Epic began as at least five Sumerian stories detailing Gilgamesh's adventures. • These stories were about Gilgamesh and Akka; Gilgamesh and Humbaba (two versions); Gilgamesh and the Bull of Heaven; Gilgamesh, Enkidu and the Netherworld; Death of Gilgamesh. The Ur III kings, particularly Ur-Nammu and Shulgi, were perhaps responsible for preserving these stories. • Ur-Nammu was a general of Ur under the Urukian king Utu-Hegal; upon usurping the throne, he helped legitimize his rule by venerating the Uruk hero Gilgamesh as his brother.